,,ia  #aai? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,j4 ,,res4 #aac  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( 
,,repres5tatives  ,augu/ #ae1 #bjbe ,mr4
 ,gre5 ( ,texas 7= himself1 ,ms4 ,bal9t1
 ,ms4 ,b>ragn1 ,ms4 ,br[n1 ,mr4 ,c>son1 
,ms4 ,dean ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,ms4         
,del,bene1 ,mr4 ,doggett1 ,mr4 ,lyn*1   
,mrs4 ,mc,iver1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,ms4      
,sewell1 ,mr4 ,soto1 ,mr4 ,takano1 ,mr4 
,?an$>1 ,mr4 ,?ompson ( ,mississippi1   
,ms4 ,tlaib1 & ,ms4 ,williams (         
,georgia7 submitt$ ! foll[+ jo9t        
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,ov]sight & ,gov]nm5t ,re=m  ,,jo9t 
,,resolution  ,designat+ a ,slav]y      
,remembrance ,day on ,augu/ #bj1 to s]ve
 z a rem9d] ( ! evils ( slav]y4  ,:]eas 
?is resolution may be cit$ z ! ,orig9al 
,slav]y ,remembrance ,day ,resolution2  
,:]eas ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & !    
,s5ate recognize ,augu/ #bj?1 z ,slav]y 
,remembrance ,day & commemorate ! lives 
( all enslav$ p :ile also condemn+ ! act
 & p]petuation ( slav]y 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates ( ,am]ica & across ! _w2 ,:]eas  

we po/hum\sly recognize ! foll[+ ,memb]s
 ( ,congress1 :o s]v$ dur+ & aft] !     
,recon/ruction ,era1 z honor>y          
cosponsors ( ?is resolution3 !          
,honorable ,joseph ,hayne ,ra9ey        
7,,sc-#ja71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgj  
to #ahgi2 ,jeff]son ,frankl9 ,long      
7,,ga-#jd71 ,memb] ( ,congress f ,janu>y
 #ahga to ,m>* #ahga2 ,rob]t ,c>los ,de 
,l>ge 7,,sc-#jb71 ,memb] ( ,congress f  
#ahga to #ahgc2 ,rob]t ,br[n ,elliott   
7,,sc-#c71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahga to
 #ahgd2 ,b5jam9 ,/]l+ ,turn] 7,,al-#ja71
 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahga to #ahgc2   
,josiah ,?omas ,walls 7,,fl-,at ,l>ge71 
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahga to #ahgf2    
,alonzo ,jacob ,ransi] 7,,sc-#jb71      
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgc to #ahge2    
,ri*>d ,h>vey ,ca9 7,,sc-,at ,l>ge71    
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgc to #ahge &   
#ahgg to #ahgi2 ,john ,roy ,lyn*        
7,,ms-#jf71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahgc  
to #ahgg & #ahhb to #ahhc2 ,james ,?omas
 ,rapi] 7,,al-#jb71 ,memb] ( ,congress f
 #ahgc to #ahge2 ,j]emiah ,h>alson      

7,,al-#ja71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahge  
to #ahgg2 ,john ,adams ,hyman           
7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahge  
to #ahgg2 ,rob]t ,smalls 7,,sc-#jg71    
,memb] ( ,congress f #ahge to #ahgi &   
#ahhb to #ahhc & #ahhd to #ahhg2 ,james 
,edw>d ,o',h>a 7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] (     
,congress f #ahhc to #ahhg2 ,h5ry       
,plumm] ,*ea?am 7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] (    
,congress f #ahhi to #ahic2 ,john ,m]c] 
,lang/on 7,,va-#jd71 ,memb] ( ,congress 
f #ahij to #ahia2 ,?omas ,ezekiel       
,mill]1 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahij to   
#ahia2 ,george ,wa%+ton ,murray         
7,,sc-#ja71 ,memb] ( ,congress f #ahic  
to #ahie & #ahif to #ahig2 & ,george    
,h5ry ,:ite 7,,nc-#jb71 ,memb] (        
,congress f #ahig to #aija2 ,:]eas1 on  
,augu/ #bj1 #afai1 ! fir/ #bj enslav$   
,africans 7 br\ght to :at is n[ ,=t     
,monroe1 !n ,po9t ,com=t1 9 ,hampton1   
,virg9ia aga9/ _! w2 ,:]eas ,african    
tribal *iefs captur$1 enslav$1 & sold   
captives to transatlantic slave trad]s2 
,:]eas1 ov] ! p]iod ( ! ,atlantic slave 

trade1 f approximately #aebf to #ahfg1  
millions ( humans 7 abduct$ & %ipp$ f   
,africa1 & #aj1gjj1jjj arriv$ 9 !       
,am]icas z p]sonal prop]ty2 ,:]eas !    
majority ( enslav$ ,africans br\ght to  
,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica arriv$ betwe5     
#agbj & #aghj2 ,:]eas ab\t #f p]c5t (   
,african captives 7 s5t directly to     
,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica2 ,:]eas1 by #ahbe1
 ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates includ$ 
ab\t "o qu>t] ( ! p ( ,african desc5t 9 
:at has be5 call$ ! ,new ,_w2 ,:]eas !  
,middle ,passage f ,we/ ,africa to !    
,we/ ,indies 0 dang]\s & horrific =     
enslav$ p2 ,:]eas ! ,middle ,passage    
c>ri$ mo!rs1 fa!rs1 *ildr51 si/]s1      
bro!rs1 aunts1 uncles1 c\s9s1 & p f all 
walks ( life to slav]y 9 ! ,am]icas2    
,:]eas1 al?\gh ! sexes 7 sep>at$1 m51   
wom51 & *ildr5 7 kept nak$1 pack$ close 
toge!r1 & ! m5 7 *a9$ = long p]iods2    
,:]eas1 accord+ to "s hi/orians1 ab\t   
#ab p]c5t ( ! enslav$ p :o emb>k$ did n 
survive ! voyage2 ,:]eas %>ks foll[$ !  
slave %ips to fe$ on bodies ( slaves    

?r[n ov]bo>d2 ,:]eas enslav$ p suff]$ a 
v>iety ( mis]able & (t5 fatal maladies  
due to ! ,atlantic slave trade1 & to    
inhumane liv+ & work+ conditions2 ,:]eas
 infant & *ild mortality rates 7 twice z
 high among slave *ildr5 z among ,s\!rn 
,:ite *ildr52 ,:]eas enslav$ p (t5 work$
 f be=e sunup to aft] sund[n1 #f to #g  
days a week1 (t5 )\t food = long p]iods 
( "t2 ,:]eas enslav$ ,black families    
liv$ ) ! p]petual possibility (         
sep>ation caus$ by ! sale ( #a or m     
family memb]s2 ,:]eas x is e/imat$ t    
approximately #a_/c ( enslav$ *ildr5 9 !
 upp] ,s\? ,/ates ( ,m>yl& & ,virg9ia   
exp]i5c$ family sep>ation 9 #a ( #c     
possible sc5>ios3 sale away f p>5ts1    
sale ) "m away f fa!r1 or sale ( "m or  
fa!r away f *ild2 ,:]eas ,nat ,turn] 0  
born into slav]y 9 ,s\?ampton ,c\nty1   
,virg9ia1 9 #ahjj2 ,:]eas ,s\?ampton    
,c\nty 0 home to _m plantations1 &      
enslav$ p outnumb]$ free ,:ites2 ,:]eas 
,turn] le>n$ to read & write at a "y    
age1 becom+ deeply religi\s2 ,:]eas     

,turn] 0 sold to sev]al diff]5t ma/]s   
ov] ! c\rse ( 8 life1 ! la/ "t 9 #ahcj2 
,:]eas ,turn] prea*$ to fell[ enslav$ p1
 develop+ a loyal foll[+2 ,:]eas ,turn] 
began plann+ a revolt ) a few tru/$     
fell[ enslav$ m5 f neighbor+            
plantations2 ,:]eas ,turn] l$ a         
rebellion beg9n+ 9 ,augu/ #ahca1 quickly
 gr[+ f a small h&ful ( enslav$ p to m  
?an #gj enslav$ & free ,blacks2 ,:]eas !
 rebels w5t f h\se to h\se 9 ,s\?ampton 
,c\nty1 free+ enslav$ p2 ,:]eas ! rebels
 7 ultimately defeat$ by a ,/ate militia
 t _h ov] twice ! manp[] ( ! rebels1 )  
#c artill]y companies re9=c+ x2 ,:]eas  
,turn] 0 captur$ #f weeks aft] !        
rebellion 0 put d[n1 :]eupon he 0       
promptly convict$ & s5t5c$ to dea?2     
,:]eas1 9 retaliation = ! upris+1       
,virg9ia (ficially execut$ #ef ,black p1
 ) at lea/ #ajj m kill$ by militias     
?r\gh extrajudicial viol5ce2 ,:]eas !   
rebellion caus$ widespread panic among  
slavehold]s ?r\gh\t ! ,s\?1 result+ 9   
widespread viol5ce aga9/ enslav$ p2     

,:]eas1 9 ! wake ( ! rebellion1 !       
,virg9ia ,g5]al ,assembly pass$         
legislation mak+ x illegal to tea*      
enslav$ or free ,blacks to read & write2
 ,:]eas ! ,und]gr\nd ,railroad 0 a      
network ( p :o help$ ar\nd #ajj1jjj     
slaves escape to ! ,nor?2 ,:]eas !      
railroad began :5 a conductor (t5 pos+ z
 a slave w\ld ent] a plantation &       
attempt to guide runaways2 ,:]eas       
escapees w\ld travel #aj to #bj miles   
ea* night betwe5 safe h\ses or /ations  
to avoid detection1 wait+ 9 safe h\ses =
 ! next along ! l9e to be al]t$ to _!   
pres5ce2 ,:]eas p support+ escapees at  
ea* /ation1 _m ( :om 7 ,:ite1 knew only 
( local ef=ts & n ! entire op]ation2    
,:]eas ,h>riet ,tubman1 born ,aram9ta   
,ross1 liv$ z an enslav$ p]son ?r\gh h] 
"y life :]e %e endur$ regul> :ipp+s &   
suff]$ a traumatic head injury at ! h&s 
( an ov]se]1 :i* caus$ n>coleptic       
episodes & migra9es ?r\gh\t h] life2    
,:]eas ,ms4 ,tubman escap$ f slav]y     
along ! ,und]gr\nd ,railroad1 ! network 

( abolitioni/s :o guid$ escap$ slaves to
 ! ,nor? travel+ prim>ily at night to   
avoid b\nty hunt]s2 ,:]eas ,ms4 ,tubman 
return$ to ! ,s\? no less ?an #ac times 
to free #gj enslav$ p1 includ+ mu* ( h] 
family1 = :i* %e w\ld be giv5 ! "n      
,moses2 ,:]eas ,ms4 ,tubman deftly l$ ^?
 %e sav$ ,nor? dur+ ! fall & w9t]1 :5   
w\ld-be captors w\ld /ay inside to avoid
 ! cold2 ,:]eas 9 ,ms4 ,tubman's own    
words1 ,i nev] ran my tra9 (f ! track & 
,i nev] lo/ a pass5g]2 ,:]eas1 dur+ !   
,civil ,w>1 ,ms4 ,tubman s]v$ z a nurse1
 sc\t1 & spy 9 ! ,union army1 becom+ !  
fir/ woman to plan & lead a milit>y     
op]ation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 lib]at+ #gjj
 enslav$ p 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a2 ,:]eas1 lat] 
9 life1 ,ms4 ,tubman cont9u$ work+ to   
improve ! lives ( oppress$ p1 rais+     
funds = & build+ s*ools & a hospital 9 !
 "n ( =m]ly enslav$ p :ile p>ticipat+ 9 
! wom5's suffrage movem5t2 ,:]eas ,john 
,br[n1 an abolitioni/ :o ran an         
important /op on ! ,und]gr\nd ,railroad1
 d$icat$ 8 life to end+ slav]y2 ,:]eas  

,br[n lead a militia 9 gu]rilla attacks 
on proslav]y t[ns 9 ,kansas1 los+ "o ( 8
 sons 9 ! /ruggle2 ,:]eas ,br[n1 ) !    
help ( ,h>riet ,tubman1 plann$ &        
organiz$ an invasion ( ! ,s\? to free   
all slaves2 ,:]eas ,br[n began 8        
invasion at ,h>p]s ,f]ry1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1
 b 0 surr\nd$ & captur$ by ,f$]al troops
 l$ by ,rob]t ,e4 ,lee1 los+ #b m sons 9
 ! fight+2 ,:]eas ! #ac? ,am5dm5t to !  
,con/itution 0 pass$ by ,congress on    
,janu>y #ca1 #ahfe1 & ratifi$ on        
,decemb] #f1 #ahfe1 & provides t ,nei!r 
slav]y nor involunt>y s]vitude1 except z
 a puni%m5t = crime :]e( ! p>ty %all h  
be5 duly convict$1 %all exi/ )9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 or any place subject to _!     
jurisdiction42 ,:]eas1 beg9n+ 9 ! #bj?  
c5tury1 ,african ,am]icans began to     
relocate f ,s\!rn f>ms to ,s\!rn cities1
 f ! ,s\? to ! ,nor!a/1 ,midwe/1 & ,we/1
 9 a movem5t kn[n z ! ,great ,migration2
 ,:]eas ! relocation ( =m]ly enslav$ p &
 _! desc5dants also includ$ unfavorable1
 & at times unju/1 int]actions ) law    

en=cem5t t (t5 result$ 9 imprisonm5t &  
convict leas+2 ,:]eas convict leas+1    
also kn[n z slav]y by ano!r "n1 0 a     
sy/em t all[$ prisons to lease imprison$
 p to private entities1 (t5 corporations
 & plantations2 ,:]eas ! rema9s ( #ie   
p]sons1 ?\ght to be ( ,african ance/ry1 
:o 7 subject$ to ! convict leas+ sy/em 9
 ! ,/ate ( ,texas1 7 discov]$ 9 #bjah at
 ! con/ruction site ( ! ,james ,reese   
,c>e] & ,te*nical ,c5t] ( ! ,=t ,b5d    
,indep5d5t ,s*ool ,di/rict 9 ,sug> ,l&1 
,texas2 ,:]eas1 :ile slav]y 0 aboli%$1  
desc5dants ( ! enslav$ cont9ue to live )
 ! effects ( ! prog5y ( slav]y3 ,jim    
,cr[1 mass lyn*+1 segregation1 police   
brutality1 mass inc>c]ation1 &          
in/itutionaliz$ racism2 & ,:]eas1       
despite ! horrors ( slav]y & aga9/ all  
odds1 enslav$ p became ?\ght lead]s &   
revolution>ies & *ang$ ! c\rse (        
,am]ican hi/ory3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  #a4  
,%ort title ,?is resolution may be cit$ 
z ! ,orig9al ,slav]y ,remembrance ,day  
,resolution4  #b4 ,slav]y ,remembrance  

,day ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & !   
,s5ate--  7#a7 designate a ,slav]y      
,remembrance ,day annually to s]ve z a  
rem9d] ( ! evils ( slav]y2  7#b7 condemn
 slav]y & its evil prog5ies2  7#c7      
enc\rage all to ackn[l$ge ! importance (
 slav]y remembrance2 &  7#d7 au?orizes &
 reque/s ! ,presid5t to issue a         
proclamation call+ ^u ! p ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates to obs]ve su* days ) appropriate 
c]emonies & activities4