,,iii  #aah? ,,congress  #bnd ,session  
,s4 ,,res4 #gcb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #ac1 #bjbd,mr4  
,braun 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,budd1 ,mr4     
,scott ( ,florida1 ,mr4 ,s*mitt1 & ,mr4 
,"y7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0
 consid]$ & agre$ to  ,,resolution      
,celebrat+ ! #bdg? anniv]s>y ( !        
creation ( ! flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates &   
express+ support = ! ,pl$ge (           
,allegiance4  ,:]eas1 on ,june #ad1     
#aggg1 ! ,cont95tal ,congress approv$ ! 
design ( ! flag ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2      
,:]eas1 ov] ! ye>s1 ! flag ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates has pres]v$ ! /&>ds ( ! orig9al  
design compris$ ( alt]nat+ r$ & :ite    
/ripes accompani$ by a union consi/+ (  
:ite />s on a field ( blue2 ,:]eas1 on  
,may #cj1 #aiaf1 ,presid5t ,woodr[      
,wilson issu$ ,presid5tial ,proclamation
 #acce1 an ann\ncem5t ask+ ! p ( !      
,unit$ ,/ates to obs]ve ,june #ad z     
,flag ,day2 ,:]eas1 on ,augu/ #c1 #aidi1
 ,presid5t ,h>ry ,truman sign$ into law 
,h\se ,jo9t ,resolution #agj1 #ha/      

,congress1 a jo9t resolution designat+  
,june #ad ( ea* ye> z ,flag ,day2       
,:]eas1 on ,augu/ #ba1 #aiei1 ,presid5t 
,dwight ,eis5h[] issu$ ,executive ,ord] 
#ajhcd 7#bd ,f$4 ,reg4 #fhfe71 an ord]  
e/abli%+ ! mo/ rec5t design ( ! flag ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,pl$ge (       
,allegiance 0 writt5 by ,francis        
,bellamy1 a ,bapti/ m9i/]1 & fir/       
publi%$ 9 ! ,septemb] #h1 #ahib1 issue (
 ,! ,y\?'s ,companion2 ,:]eas1 9 #aied1 
,congress add$ ! words "u ,god to !     
,pl$ge ( ,allegiance2 ,:]eas1 = m ?an   
#fj ye>s1 ! ,pl$ge ( ,allegiance has    
includ$ ref]5ces to ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
flag1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates hav+ be5       
e/abli%$ z a union "u ,god1 & to !      
,unit$ ,/ates be+ d$icat$ to secur+     
lib]ty & ju/ice = all2 ,:]eas1 9 #aied1 
,congress believ$ x 0 act+              
con/itutionally :5 x revis$ ! ,pl$ge (  
,allegiance2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0   
f\nd$ on pr9ciples ( religi\s fre$om by 
! ,f\nd]s1 _m ( :om 7 deeply religi\s2  
,:]eas ! ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to !            

,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates embodies 
pr9ciples int5d$ to gu>antee fre$om (   
religion ?r\gh protect+ ! free ex]cise  
!re( & by prohibit+ ! ,gov]nm5t f       
e/abli%+ a religion2 ,:]eas patriotic   
songs1 engrav+s on ,unit$ ,/ates legal  
t5d]1 & engrav+s on ,f$]al build+s also 
conta9 g5]al ref]5ces to ,god2 ,:]eas1 9
 ,elk ,grove ,unifi$ ,s*ool ,di/rict v4 
,newd[1 #edb ,u4,s4 #a 7#bjjd71 !       
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates        
ov]turn$ ! decision ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,n9? ,circuit 9    
,newd[ v4 ,u4,s4 ,congress1 #cbh ,f4#c;d
 #dff 7#i? ,cir4 #bjjc71 a case 9 :i* ! 
,n9? ,circuit conclud$ t recitation ( ! 
,pl$ge ( ,allegiance by a public s*ool  
tea*] violat$ ! ,e/abli%m5t ,clause ( ! 
,fir/ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,n9? ,circuit      
subsequ5tly conclud$ t-- 7#a7 ! previ\s 
op9ion ( t c\rt 9 ,newd[ v4 ,u4,s4      
,congress1 #cbh ,f4#c;d #dff 7#i? ,cir4 
#bjjc7 0 no long] b9d+ prec$5t2  7#b7   

case law f ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates conc]n+ ! ,e/abli%m5t ,clause ( !
 ,fir/ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates _h subsequ5tly *ang$ aft] 
! decision 9 ,elk ,grove ,unifi$ ,s*ool 
,di/rict v4 ,newd[1 #edb ,u4,s4 #a      
7#bjjd72 &  7#c7 ,congress1 9 pass+ !   
new v]sion ( ! ,pl$ge ( ,allegiance1 _h 
e/abli%$ a secul> purpose = ! use ( !   
t]m "u ,god2 & ,:]eas1 9 light ( ^?     
conclusions1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rt (    
,appeals = ! ,n9? ,circuit upheld !     
recitation ( ! ,pl$ge ( ,allegiance by  
public s*ool tea*]s3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t
 ! ,s5ate-- 7#a7 celebrates ! #bdg?     
anniv]s>y ( ! creation ( ! flag ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 recognizes t !     
,pl$ge ( ,allegiance has be5 a valuable 
"p ( life = ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates =     
g5]ations2 &  7#c7 affirms t ! ,pl$ge ( 
,allegiance is a con/itutional          
expression ( patriotism & /rongly def5ds
 ! con/itutionality ( ! ,pl$ge (        
,allegiance4