,,iii  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 ,,res4 #gah  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #d1 #bjbd,mr4   
,m>%all 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,braun1 & ,mr4 
,lee7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 
0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,heal?1     
,education1 ,labor1 & ,p5sions          
,,resolution  ,express+ ! s5se ( !      
,s5ate t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t %\ld 
imm$iately place a moratorium on all    
f$]ally fund$ ga9-(-function rese>* giv5
 ! increas$ safety conc]ns4  ,:]eas !   
,obama ,adm9i/ration def9$              
ga9-(-function /udies z rese>* t aims to
 increase ! ability ( infecti\s ag5ts to
 cause disease by enhanc+ its           
pa?og5icity or by increas+ its          
transmissibility2 ,:]eas ! ,obama       
,adm9i/ration1 on ,octob] #ag1 #bjad1   
m&at$ a ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t pause on new   
ga9-(-function rese>*1 cit+ rec5t       
conc]ns reg>d+ biosafety & biosecurity2 
,:]eas ! ,obama ,adm9i/ration1 on       
,octob] #ag1 #bjad1 /at$ t new ,f$]al   
fund+ w n be releas$ = ga9-(-function   

rese>* projects t may be reasonably     
anticipat$ to conf] attributes to !     
influ5za1 ,middle ,ea/ respiratory      
syndrome 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z    
,,m]s71 or sev]e acute respiratory      
syndrome 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z    
,,s>s7 viruses su* t su* a virus w\ld h 
enhanc$ pa?og5icity or transmissibility 
9 mammals via ! respiratory r\te2 ,:]eas
 9 ! lead up to ! ,obama ,adm9i/ration  
paus+ new ga9-(-function rese>*1 !      
,c5t]s = ,disease ,control & ,prev5tion 
not$ an increase 9 accid5ts involv+     
leaks1 spills1 or o!r releases (        
infecti\s mat]ial inside ! laboratories 
receiv+ ,f$]al fund+2 ,:]eas !          
,cambridge ,work+ ,gr\p1 a consortium ( 
"s ( ! lead+ int]national rese>*]s &    
sci5ti/s1 releas$ a #bjad op5 lett] /at+
 exp]im5ts involv+ ! creation ( pot5tial
 p&emic pa?og5s %\ld be curtail$ until  
!re has be5 a quantitative1 objective & 
cr$ible assessm5t ( ! risks1 pot5tial   
b5efits1 & opportunities = risk         
mitigation1 z well z comp>ison aga9/    

saf] exp]im5tal approa*es42 ,:]eas 9    
#bjad1 aft] ! ,obama ,adm9i/ration m&at$
 a pause on ga9-(-function rese>*1 !    
,national ,in/itutes ( ,heal? 7ref]r$ to
 9 ?is preamble z ,,nih71 l$ by ,francis
 ,coll9s1 includ+ ! ,national ,in/itute 
( ,all]gy & ,infecti\s ,diseases 7ref]r$
 to 9 ?is preamble z ,,niaid71 l$ by    
,an?ony ,fauci1 cont9u$ to au?orize     
grants & rese>* aw>ds to organizations t
 /udy ! spread ( viruses f animals to   
humans2 ,:]eas "s su* aw>ds w5t to      
,eco,health ,alliance & its ,presid5t1  
,pet] ,daszak1 :o !n disburs$ rese>*    
money to ! ,wuhan ,in/itute ( ,virology 
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z ! ,,wiv7 &  
,ea/ ,*9a ,normal ,univ]sity2 ,:]eas    
exp]im5ts advanc$ by ,eco,health        
,alliance dur+ ! pause includ$1 among   
o!r projects1 comb9+ g5etic mat]ial f a 
p>5t coronavirus1 kn[n z ,,wiv#a1 ) o!r 
viruses2 ,:]eas ! results ( su*         
exp]im5ts demon/rat$ v>y+ pa?og5icity ( 
,,s>s-,co,v-#b ) diff]5t spike prote9s 9
 humaniz$ mice2 ,:]eas a majority (     

sci5ti/s & rese>*]s1 includ+ ,dr4       
,lawr5ce ,tabak & ,dr4 ,ralph ,b>ic1 an 
,eco,health ,alliance collaborator & top
 coronavirus exp]t1 :5 made aw>e ( su*  
exp]im5t1 admitt$ t ,eco,health         
,alliance's coronavirus rese>* appe>$ to
 meet ! /&>d crit]ia = ga9-(-function   
rese>*2 ,:]eas ,,nih & ,,niaid cont9u$  
to support ,eco,health ,alliance & o!r  
organizations conduct+ ga9-(-function   
rese>*1 accord+ to ! ,obama             
,adm9i/ration's def9ition1 ?r\gh #bjag1 
ev5 ?\gh ! pause rema9$ 9 effect2 ,:]eas
 on ,july #g1 #bjaf1 ,,niaid id5tifi$   
possible ga9-(-function rese>* conc]ns 9
 an exp]im5t propos$ by ,eco,health &   
conduct$ by ! ,,wiv2 ,:]eas 9 ,may      
#bjba1 ,an?ony ,fauci conc$$ t dur+ !   
p]iod betwe5 #bjad & #bjag t x is       
impossible to gu>antee t rese>*]s at !  
,wuhan ,in/itute ( ,virology did n use  
,am]ican funds to p]=m ga9-(-function   
rese>* on coronaviruses42 ,:]eas ,an?ony
 ,fauci & ,,niaid did n al]t s5ior ,:ite
 ,h\se (ficials be=e lift+ a ban on     

ga9-(-function rese>* 9 #bjag2 ,:]eas 9 
,novemb] #bjai1 #c rese>*]s f ! ,,wiv   
became sick en\gh to receive hospital   
c>e1 & accord+ to ,unit$ ,/ates         
(ficials1 ^? sick rese>*]s 7 involv$ 9  
coronavirus rese>*2 ,:]eas ! ,*9ese     
gov]nm5t delib]ately delay$ notify+ !   
,_w ,heal? organization t x _h detect$  
,,s>s-l infections f an unkn[n1 novel   
pa?og5 well be=e x s5t (ficial          
notification 9 ,decemb] #bjai2 ,:]eas on
 ,april #bd1 #bjbj1 ,,nih in/ruct$      
,eco,health to t]m9ate all fund+ to !   
,,wiv1 & ,,nih t]m9at$ ! ,,wiv's entire 
sub-grant aw>d2 ,:]eas 9 ,july #bjbj1   
,,nih1 hav+ proc$urally err$ 9 its      
,april #bjbj t]m9ation ( ,eco,health's  
grant1 re9/at$ & !n imm$iately susp5d$  
,eco,health's grant :ile requir+        
,eco,health to meet c]ta9 conditions1   
su* z obta9+ a sample ( ! ,,s>s-,co,v-#b
 virus t ! ,wuhan lab us$ to det]m9e its
 g5etic sequ5ce & arrang+ = an indep5d5t
 team to exam9e ! ,wuhan lab & det]m9e  
:e!r x _h possession ( ! ,,s>s-,co,v-#b 

virus prior to ,decemb] #bjai2 ,:]eas   
,pet] ,daszak react$ to ^? conditions by
 call+ !m prepo/]\s2 ,:]eas bas$ on tips
 f ! sci5tific community t suspect$     
,eco,health's sci5ce rese>* at ! ,,wiv  
may h caus$ ! ,,covid-#ai p&emic        
outbreak1 ,,nih inve/igat$ ,eco,health's
 compliance ) its grant agreem5t t]ms1  
includ+ ! ga9-(-function provisions 9   
,june #bjaf & aga9 f ,april #bjbj to    
,april #bjbc & conclud$ t ,eco,health 0 
noncompliant2 ,:]eas 9 ,octob] #bjba1   
,,nih ackn[l$g$ to ,congress t          
,eco,health ,alliance did n h access to 
laboratory notebooks or o!r records     
support+ its rese>*1 ev5 ?\gh keep+ su* 
records 0 a requirem5t ( ! ,,nih grant2 
,:]eas al?\gh ,eco,health's ,ye> #e     
,rese>* ,p]=mance ,progress ,report =   
its rese>* activities 0 due to ,,nih 9  
,septemb] #bjai1 ,eco,health did n      
submit ! report until ,augu/ #c1 #bjba2 
,:]eas on ,octob] #bj1 #bjba1 x 0       
reveal$ ?an an exp]im5t 9 ,eco,health's 
,ye> #e ,progress ,report 7= rese>*     

betwe5 ,june #bjah & ,may #bjai7        
exhibit$ virus gr[? great] ?an "o log1  
?us con/itut+ ga9-(-function rese>*1 :i*
 %\ld h trigg]$ imm$iate susp5sion &    
report+ to ,,niaid accord+ to contract  
agreem5ts2 ,:]eas in/ead ( ,eco,health  
tak+ ei!r action1 ,eco,health us$       
language 9 its report t obfuscat$ !     
sev]ity & tim+ ( ! ga9-(-function       
exp]im5ts1 :i* contradict$ ! ,obama-era 
pause on ga9-(-function rese>* & !      
additional t]ms ( agreem5t ,,nih add$ to
 ,eco,health's grant 9 ,june #bjaf2     
,:]eas 9 ,octob] #bjba1 ,,nih updat$ !  
def9ition ( ga9-(-function rese>* to    
focus m on enhanc$ p&emic pot5tial      
pa?og5s 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z     
e,p,p,p71 :i* meant t because ! majority
 ( ga9-(-function rese>* does n include 
e,p,p,ps1 once consid]$ ga9-(-function  
rese>* n[ fell outside ! scope ( !      
/rict] ov]sight requir$ = e,p,p,p       
/udies2 ,:]eas ,,nih det]m9$ t no       
evid5ce exi/$ to support ! te/imony     
,pet] ,daszak gave to ,congress on      

,novemb] #ad1 #bjbc1 t ,eco,health 0    
prev5t$ f submitt+ its ,ye> #e ,rese>*  
,p]=mance ,progress ,report to ,,nih due
 to a te*nical problem 9 ,,nih's sy/em2 
,:]eas 9 ,april #bjbc1 :5 ,,nih re9/at$ 
,eco,health's susp5d$ grant & impos$ new
 conditions1 ,,nih /at$ t x 0 execut+ a 
corrective action plan to ,eco,health t 
satisfi$ ,,nih's compliance ef=ts reg>d+
 ga9-(-function rese>*2 ,:]eas z "p ( ! 
,april #bjbc re9/atem5t1 ,eco,health    
pl$g$ x w\ld n p]=m "w 91 or )1         
,*9ese-affiliat$ in/itutions2 ,:]eas !  
prime reason+ = ,eco,health's re9/atem5t
 0 ,eco,health's repres5tation to       
,,niaid t ,eco,health _h access to      
sequ5ces & samples t 7 requir$ to be    
suppli$ to ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t z a       
condition ( receiv+ ,f$]al grants1 :i*  
/ill ne$$ analysis2 ,:]eas ,eco,health 0
 n =?com+ & fail$ to disclose to ,,niaid
 t ^? samples 7 /or$ 9 ,*9a at ! ,,wiv1 
:i* 0 ,eco,health's subcontractor t     
conduct$ ! coronavirus ga9-(-function   
rese>* t c\ld h caus$ ! ,,covid-#ai     

p&emic2 ,:]eas z ( new guidance issu$ 9 
,may #bjbd1 ! ,bid5 ,adm9i/ration remov$
 avian influ5za & curr5t =ms (          
,,s>s-,co,v-#b1 ! virus t causes        
,covid-#ai1 f ! category ( pa?og5s (    
p&emic pot5tial1 ?us exclud+ !m f updat$
 rules gov]n+ ga9-(-function rese>*2    
,:]eas effective ,may #ad1 #bjbd1 !     
,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices    
7ref]r$ to 9 ?is preamble z ,,hhs7      
ann\nc$ x w\ld comm5ce (ficial deb>m5t  
proce$+s aga9/ ,eco,health ,alliance &  
implem5t a gov]nm5t-wide susp5sion (    
,unit$ ,/ates taxpay] funds to include a
 hold on all active grants2 ,:]eas on   
,may #ba1 #bjbd1 ,,hhs1 9 an ef=t to    
protect public int]e/1 susp5d$ &        
recomm5d$ deb>m5t ( ,pet] ,daszak's     
individual ability to receive any ,f$]al
 funds2 ,:]eas bo? ! ,f$]al ,bureau (   
,inve/igation & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy h  
assess$ t ! ,,covid-#ai p&emic 0 a      
result ( a lab leak f ! ,,wiv2 ,:]eas ! 
majority memb]s ( ! ,select             
,subcommittee on ! ,coronavirus ,p&emic 

( ! ,committee on ,ov]sight &           
,acc\ntability ( ! ,h\se (              
,repres5tatives 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is        
preamble z ! ,subcommittee7 report$ t   
,eco,health's actions 7 (t5 enabl$ by   
,,nih & ,,niaid & ! failures ( ,,nih &  
,,niaid to prop]ly ov]see ,eco,health's 
rese>* projects2 ,:]eas ! majority      
memb]s ( ! ,subcommittee f\nd t         
,eco,health's actions 7 (t5 enabl$ by ! 
lack ( grant managem5t & ov]sight by    
,,nih & ,,niaid2 & ,:]eas ! majority    
memb]s ( ! ,subcommittee believe t su*  
,,nih & ,,niaid grant managem5t ov]sight
 failures necessitate bo? ,congressional
 & ,executive action to increase        
transp>5cy & grantee ov]sight3 ,n[1     
!re=e1 be x ,t x is ! s5se ( ! ,s5ate t 
,congress %\ld imm$iately consid] !     
,viral ,ga9-(-,function ,rese>*         
,moratorium ,act 7,s4 #ha1 #aah?        
,congress1 z introduc$ on ,janu>y #be1  
#bjbc71 :i* w\ld-- 7#a7 def9e           
ga9-(-function rese>* z any rese>* t--  
7,a7 c\ld conf] attributes to !         

influ5za1 ,middle ,ea/ respiratory      
syndrome1 or sev]e acute respiratory    
syndrome viruses su* t su* a virus w\ld 
h enhanc$ pa?og5icity or                
transmissibility 9 any organism2 or     
7,b7 involves me?ods t c\ld enhance     
pot5tial p&emic pa?og5s or relat$ risky 
rese>* ) pot5tially dang]\s pa?og5s2 &  
7#b7 prohibit1 not)/&+ any o!r provision
 ( law1 rese>* grants support$ by ,f$]al
 funds f be+ aw>d$ to in/itutions (     
high] education1 or o!r rese>*          
organizations1 t are conduct+           
ga9-(-function rese>*4