,,iii  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,,res4 #ejd  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,decemb] #ad1         
#bjbc,mr4 ,s&]s submitt$ ! foll[+       
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,=eign ,relations  ,,resolution     
,reque/+ in=mation on ,israel's human   
rights practices pursuant to section    
#ejb;,b7c7 ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( 
#aifa4  ,:]eas !re h be5 #e r\nds (     
fight+ betwe5 ,israel & ,hamas 9 ! la/  
#ae ye>s2 ,:]eas ! curr5t r\nd (        
conflict began on ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1 :5 
,hamas1 a t]rori/ organization1 unlea%$ 
a brutal attack aga9/ ,israel1 kill+ "s 
#a1bjj innoc5t m51 wom51 & *ildr51 &    
tak+ m ?an #bjj ho/ages2 ,:]eas ,unit$  
,/ates citiz5s 7 among ^? kill$ &       
abduct$ by ,hamas2 ,:]eas ! ,s5ate has  
unanim\sly reaffirm$ ,israel's "r to    
def5d itself aga9/ ,hamas t]rorism &    
respond aga9/ ! p]petrators ( ! ,octob] 
#g1 #bjbc1 attack2 ,:]eas ,israel has   
conduct$ retaliatory milit>y op]ations  
aga9/ t>gets 9 ,gaza s9ce ,octob] #g1   

#bjbc1 rely+ heavily on ! use (         
air/rikes & artill]y bomb>dm5t2 ,:]eas1 
z ( ,decemb] #ad1 #bjbc1 ne>ly #ai1jjj p
 h be5 kill$ & m ?an #ej1jjj w\nd$ 9 !  
,israeli c\nt](f5sive 9 ,gaza s9ce      
,octob] #g1 #bjbc2 ,:]eas #gj p]c5t ( ^?
 kill$ 9 ,gaza are report$ to be wom5 & 
*ildr52 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,nations1 ,_w   
,heal? ,organization1 human rights      
monitors1 outside academic /udies1 !    
,gov]nm5t ( ,israel1 & ,unit$ ,/ates    
(ficials f9d ^! figures to be broadly   
reliable2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,nations1     
,unit$ ,/ates (ficials1 & outside exp]ts
 believe ! curr5t dea? toll is likely   
high]1 ) ?\s&s ( bodies trapp$ b5ea? !  
rubble 9 ,gaza2 ,:]eas #ace ,unit$      
,nations aid work]s h be5 kill$ 9 ,gaza 
s9ce ,octob] #g1 #bjbc2 ,:]eas ne>ly    
#a1ijj1jjj p1 m ?an #he p]c5t ( !       
population1 h be5 displac$ across !     
,gaza ,/rip s9ce ,octob] #g1 #bjbc2     
,:]eas1 on ,novemb] #bd1 #bjbc1 ! ,unit$
 ,nations report$ t across ! ,gaza      
,/rip1 ov] #bcd1jjj h\s+ units h be5    

damag$ & m ?an #df1jjj homes h be5      
completely de/roy$1 am\nt+ to ov] #fj   
p]c5t ( ! total h\s+ /ock2 ,:]eas #dc   
,unit$ ,nations facilities h su/a9$     
direct hits1 #fj ,unit$ ,nations        
in/allations h su/a9$ collat]al damage1 
& #aa bak]ies h be5 de/roy$ 9 !         
bomb>dm5t2 ,:]eas academic analysis (   
satellite rad> data confirms ! ,unit$   
,nations assessm5t t "s #fj p]c5t ( !   
build+s 9 nor!rn ,gaza h be5 sev]ely    
damag$ &1 across ! ,gaza ,/rip1 betwe5  
#hb1fjj & #aje1cjj build+s h be5 left 9 
ru9s1 accord+ to ! e/imate1 :i* c\nts   
build+s :]e at lea/ half ! /ructure 0   
damag$2 ,:]eas ,rob]t ,pape1 ,pr(essor (
 ,political ,sci5ce at ! ,univ]sity (   
,*icago1 said t ov] ! space ( two ye>s1 
betwe5 #aidc & #aide1 ! ,alli$ bomb+ (  
#fa major ,g]man cities raz$ an e/imat$ 
#ej p]c5t ( _! urban areas1 & t ! ,alli$
 bomb+ ( ,dresd5 sev]ely damag$ #ef     
p]c5t ( t city's non-indu/rial build+s &
 half ( its homes1 a ?re%old ! bomb+ 9  
,gaza has mat*$ 9 #b mon?s2 ,:]eas !    

,israeli milit>y has made ext5sive use (
 ,m>k #hd #b1jjj-p\nd bombs1 ,m>k #hc   
#a1jjj-p\nd bombs1 ,m>k #hb #ejj-p\nd   
bombs1 & #aeemm artill]y 9 d5sely       
populat$ urban areas ) a l>ge civilian  
pres5ce2 ,:]eas ^! munitions are        
manufactur$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & suppli$ 
to ,israel by ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas ! 
,wa%+ton ,po/ reports t1 9 ! fir/ #f    
weeks aft] ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1 !         
,gov]nm5t ( ,israel dropp$ m ?an #bb1jjj
 guid$ & unguid$ bombs on ,gaza t 7     
suppli$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas ,,cnn
 reports1 bas$ on ,unit$ ,/ates         
intellig5ce assessm5ts1 t #dj to #de    
p]c5t ( ! #bi1jjj air-to-gr\nd munitions
 t ,israel has us$ 9 ,gaza s9ce ,octob] 
#g1 #bjbc1 h be5 unguid$ dumb bombs2    
,:]eas ! ,wall ,/reet ,j\rnal reports t 
! ,unit$ ,/ates has provid$ at lea/     
#ae1jjj bombs & #eg1jjj #aeemm artill]y 
%ells to ,israel s9ce ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1
 includ+ m ?an #e1jjj ,m>k #hb unguid$  
#ejj-p\nd bombs1 m ?an #e1djj ,m>k #hd  
#b1jjj-p\nd bombs1 & ?\s&s ( small]     

munitions & t>get+ kits2 ,:]eas ^!      
munitions 7 deliv]$ ) ! k t !y w\ld     
likely be us$ 9 ,gaza1 a d5sely populat$
 urban area ) a l>ge civilian pres5ce2  
,:]eas ! entire ,gaza ,/rip is !        
physical size ( ,las ,vegas b has m ?an 
#c times ! population1 & ,gaza ,city is 
m d5sely populat$ ?an ,new ,york ,city2 
,:]eas1 on ,decemb] #a1 #bjbc1 ,unit$   
,/ates (ficials told ! ,wall ,/reet     
,j\rnal t ,israel us$ an                
,am]ican-provid$ bomb ) a l>ge payload 9
 "o ( ! deadlie/ /rikes ( ! entire w>1  
an attack t level$ an ap>tm5t block 9   
,gaza's ,jabalia refugee camp1 kill+ m  
?an #ajj p 9 its ef=t to elim9ate a     
,hamas lead]1 also report$ kill$ 9 !    
/rike2 & ,:]eas ,amne/y ,int]national   
has f\nd1 bas$ on photographic &        
satellite evid5ce1 z well z on-!-gr\nd  
inve/igation & analysis ( bomb fragm5ts1
 t ,unit$ ,/ates-made ,jo9t ,direct     
,attack ,munitions 7,,jdam7 7 us$ 9 #b  
deadly ,israeli air/rikes on homes 9    
,gaza 9 :i* #dc civilians 7 kill$3 ,n[1 

!re=e1 be x #a4 ,reque/ = in=mation on  
,israel's human rights practices  7a7   
,/atem5t reque/$ ,! ,s5ate reque/s t !  
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 n lat] ?an #cj days  
aft] ! date ( ! adoption ( ?is          
resolution1 transmit to ! ,committee on 
,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate & !        
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives1 pursuant to section  
#ejb;,b7c7 ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( 
#aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bcjd7;c771 a      
/atem5t reg>d+ ,israel's human rights   
practices t has be5 prep>$ 9            
collaboration ) ! ,assi/ant ,secret>y ( 
,/ate = ,democracy1 ,human ,rights1 &   
,labor & ! ,(fice ( ! ,legal ,advis]4   
7b7 ,elem5ts ,! /atem5t submitt$ "u     
subsection 7a7 %\ld include-- 7#a7 all  
available cr$ible in=mation conc]n+     
alleg$ violations ( int]nationally      
recogniz$ human rights by ! ,gov]nm5t ( 
,israel1 includ+-- 7,a7 ! d5ial ( ! "r  
to life 9 ! context ( ! arm$ conflict 9 
,gaza & ! ,we/ ,bank caus$ by           
indiscrim9ate or disproportionate       

op]ations2 &  7,b7 ! d5ial ( ! "r to    
life & ! security ( ! p]son by ! blanket
 d5ial ( basic humanit>ian ne$s1 includ+
 food1 wat]1 m$ical c>e1 fuel1 & %elt]2 
7#b7 a description ( ! /eps t ! ,unit$  
,/ates ,gov]nm5t has tak5 to-- 7,a7     
promote respect = & obs]vance ( human   
rights z "p ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,israel's   
activities1 includ+ 9 ! context ( ! arm$
 conflict 9 ,gaza & ! ,we/ ,bank2  7,b7 
limit ! risk to civilian life & civilian
 infra/ructure caus$ by ,israeli milit>y
 action 9 ,gaza & ! ,we/ ,bank2  7,c7   
disc\rage any practices t are inimical  
to int]nationally recogniz$ human       
rights2 &  7,d7 publicly or privately   
call att5tion to1 & disassociate !      
,unit$ ,/ates & any security assi/ance  
provid$ = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,israel f any   
practices describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c72  
7#c7 an assessm5t1 not)/&+ any practices
 describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,b71 ( :e!r  
extraord9>y circum/ances exi/ t         
necessitate a cont9uation ( security    
assi/ance = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,israel1 & if 

s1 a description ( ! circum/ances & !   
ext5t to :i* security assi/ance %\ld be 
cont9u$ 7subject to su* conditions z    
,congress may impose "u section #ejb;,b 
( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb 
,u4,s4,c4 #bcjd772  7#d7 a c]tification 
t no unit ( ! ,israeli security =ces    
receiv+ ,unit$ ,/ates assi/ance s9ce    
,janu>y #a1 #bjah1 has-- 7,a7 committ$  
any gross violations ( human rights2 or 
7,b7 cont9u$ to receive ,unit$ ,/ates   
assi/ance 9 violation ( section #fbj,m (
 ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb  
,u4,s4,c4 #bcgh;d7 or section #cfb (    
title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code2  7#e7 a 
description ( ! mann] & ext5t to :i* !  
,secret>y ( ,/ate or ! ,secret>y (      
,def5se has det]m9$1 = purposes (       
compliance ) ! vett+ requirem5ts (      
section #fbj,m ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance    
,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bcgh;d7 &  
section #cfb ( title #aj1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 t any in=mation relat+ to !      
commission ( human rights violations by 
units ( ,israeli security =ces is       

cr$ible2 &  7#f7 o!r in=mation1         
includ+-- 7,a7 a summ>y & li/ ( ,unit$  
,/ates weapons & munitions provid$ to   
,israel s9ce ,octob] #g1 #bjbc2  7,b7 an
 assessm5t f ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate ( !    
likelihood t ,unit$ ,/ates security     
assi/ance 7z def9$ 9 section #ejb;,b7d7 
( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb 
,u4,s4,c4 #bcjd7;d777 w be us$ 9 support
 ( ,israeli activities relat$ to ! arm$ 
conflict 9 ,gaza & ! ,we/ ,bank2  7,c7 a
 detail$ assessm5t ( ! compliance ( !   
,gov]nm5t ( ,israel ) int]national human
 rights & humanit>ian law dur+ its      
op]ations 9 ,gaza & ! ,we/ ,bank s9ce   
,octob] #g1 #bjbc2 &  7,d7 a description
 & assessm5t ( ! actions t ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,gov]nm5t is tak+ to ensure end  
use monitor+ protocols = all weapons    
sold or transf]r$ to ! ,gov]nm5t (      
,israel = use 9 ,gaza & ! ,we/ ,bank4   
7c7 ,gross violations ( human rights    
def9$ ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m gross       
violations ( human rights has ! mean+   
giv5 ! t]m gross violations (           

int]nationally recogniz$ human rights 9 
section #ejb;,b7d77#a7 ( ! ,=eign       
,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4  
#bcjd74