,,iii  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session   
,s4 ,j4 ,,res4 #dd  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( 
,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,septemb] #f1      
#bjbc,mr4 ,paul introduc$ ! foll[+ jo9t 
resolution2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations      
,,jo9t ,,resolution  ,direct+ ! removal 
( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f ho/ilities
 9 ! ,republic ( ,nig] t h n be5        
au?oriz$ by ,congress4  #a4 ,f9d+s      
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,congress 
has ! sole p[] to decl>e w> "u ! ,w>    
,p[]s ,clause ( section #h ( article ,i 
( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4     
7#b7 ,nig] ho/s ! second-l>ge/ ,unit$   
,/ates milit>y pres5ce 9 ,africa1 ) m   
?an #a1jjj memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,arm$ ,=ces 9 ! c\ntry z ( ,june #bjbc4 
7#c7 ,congress has n decl>$ w> aga9/ !  
,republic ( ,nig] or any organization or
 gr\p 9 ,nig]1 nor has ,congress provid$
 a specific /atutory au?orization = !   
involvem5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces 9
 ! arm$ conflict or any ho/ilities 9    
,nig]4  7#d7 ,! ,au?orization = ,use (  

,milit>y ,=ce 7,public ,law #ajg-dj2 #ej
 ,u4,s4,c4 #aeda note7 aga9/ !          
p]petrators ( ! t]ror attacks on        
,septemb] #aa1 #bjja1 :i* 0 enact$ on   
,septemb] #ah1 #bjja1 & ! ,au?orization 
= ,use ( ,milit>y ,=ce ,aga9/ ,iraq     
,resolution ( #bjjb 7,public ,law       
#ajg-bdc2 #ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aeda note71 :i*
 0 enact$ on ,octob] #af1 #bjjb1 d n    
s]ve z specific /atutory au?orizations =
 ! use ( =ce aga9/ ,nig]4  7#e7 ,s9ce   
#bjac1 memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$   
,=ces h be5 introduc$ into ho/ilities ) 
t]rori/ organizations & insurg5t gr\ps 9
 ! ,republic ( ,nig]1 includ+ ?r\gh     
direct ex*anges ( fire ) su* gr\ps4     
7#f7 ,on ,octob] #d1 #bjag1 #d memb]s ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces1 ,/aff      
,s]geant ,bryan ,black1 ,/aff ,s]geant  
,j]emiah ,johnson1 ,s]geant ,la ,david  
,johnson1 & ,/aff ,s]geant ,du/9        
,wright1 7 kill$ 9 an attack by a       
regional ,islamic ,/ate affiliate ne> ! 
village ( ,tongo ,tongo 9 we/]n ,nig]4  
7#g7 ,on ,decemb] #f1 #bjag1 memb]s ( ! 

,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces engag$ 9 a    
firefight & report$ly kill$ #aa memb]s (
 a regional ,islamic ,/ate affiliate 9  
s\!a/]n ,nig]4  7#h7 ,on ,july #bf1     
#bjbc1 a c\p d'etat occurr$ 9 ,nig] :5 !
 presid5tial gu>d deta9$ ! duly-elect$  
,presid5t ,moham$ ,baz\m1 & a milit>y   
junta1 ! ,national ,c\ncil = ! ,safegu>d
 ( ! ,homel&1 0 e/abli%$ "u ! lead]%ip (
 presid5tial gu>d comm&] g5]al          
,abd\rahamane ,t*iani4  7#i7 ,! c\p     
d'etat trigg]$ a regional conflict 9 :i*
 ! ,economic ,community ( ,we/ ,african 
,/ates decl>$ t x has *os5 an undisclos$
 timeframe = possible milit>y int]v5tion
 9 ,nig] to re/ore ,presid5t ,baz\m to  
p[]4  7#aj7 ,! regional conflict result+
 f ! c\p d'etat ?reat5s to involve      
memb]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces    
deploy$ 9 ,nig]1 ?us exp&+ ! scope &    
nature ( ,unit$ ,/ates involvem5t 9     
ho/ilities4  7#aa7 ,section #h7;c7 ( !  
,w> ,p[]s ,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4    
#aedg7;c77 def9es ! introduction (      
,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces to include !  

assignm5t ( memb]s ( su* ,arm$ ,=ces to 
comm&1 coord9ate1 p>ticipate 9 ! movem5t
 (1 or accompany ! regul> or irregul>   
milit>y =ces ( any =eign c\ntry or      
gov]nm5t :5 su* milit>y =ces are engag$1
 or !re exi/s an imm95t ?reat t su* =ces
 w become engag$1 9 ho/ilities4         
,activities t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$     
,=ces h conduct$ 9 ,nig] fall )9 su*    
def9ition1 z evid5c$ by direct ex*anges 
( fire ) v>i\s t]rori/ organizations &  
insurg5t gr\ps4  7#ab7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates 
,arm$ ,=ces h be5 introduc$ into active 
or imm95t ho/ilities )9 ! mean+ (       
section #d7;a7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s ,resolution
 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedc7;a774  7#ac7      
,section #e7;c7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s           
,resolution 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedd7;c77   
/ates1 at any "t t ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$  
,=ces are engag$ 9 ho/ilities outside ! 
t]ritory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 its         
possessions & t]ritories )\t a          
decl>ation ( w> or specific /atutory    
au?orization1 su* =ces %all be remov$ by
 ! ,presid5t if ! ,congress s directs4  

7#ad7 ,section #ajac ( ! ,dep>tm5t (    
,/ate ,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal ,ye>s 
#aihd & #aihe 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedf;a7   
provides1 any jo9t resolution or bill to
 require ! removal ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$
 ,=ces engag$ 9 ho/ilities 4 4 4 )\t a  
decl>ation ( w> or specific /atutory    
au?orization %all be consid]$ 9         
accordance ) ! proc$ures ( section      
#fja7;b7 ( ! ,int]national ,security    
,assi/ance & ,arms ,export ,control ,act
 ( #aigf 7,public ,law #id-cbi2 #ij     
,/at4 #gfe74  #b4 ,removal ( ,unit$     
,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f ho/ilities 9 ,nig] 
t h n be5 au?oriz$ by ,congress         
,pursuant to section #ajac ( ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,/ate ,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal    
,ye>s #aihd & #aihe 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4      
#aedf;a7 & 9 accordance ) ! provisions (
 section #fja7;b7 ( ! ,int]national     
,security ,assi/ance & ,arms ,export    
,control ,act ( #aigf 7,public ,law     
#id-cbi2 #ij ,/at4 #gfe71 ,congress     
h]eby directs ! ,presid5t to remove     
,unit$ ,/ates ,arm$ ,=ces f ho/ilities 9

 or affect+ ! ,republic ( ,nig] by n    
lat] ?an ! date t is #cj days aft] !    
date ( ! adoption ( ?is jo9t resolution 
7unless ! ,presid5t reque/s & ,congress 
au?orizes a lat] date71 & unless & until
 a decl>ation ( w> or specific          
au?orization = su* use ( ,unit$ ,/ates  
,arm$ ,=ces has be5 enact$4  #c4 ,rule (
 con/ruction reg>d+ au?orizations = use 
( milit>y =ce ,consi/5t ) section       
#h7;a77#a7 ( ! ,w> ,p[]s ,resolution    
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #aedg7;a77#a771 no?+ 9   
?is jo9t resolution may be con/ru$ z    
au?oriz+ ! use ( milit>y =ce4