,,ii  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #hdj  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,m>* #af1 #bjbc,mr4    
,graham 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,grassley1 ,mr4
 ,cornyn1 ,mr4 ,lee1 ,mr4 ,cruz1 ,mr4   
,hawley1 ,mr4 ,cotton1 ,mr4 ,k5n$y1 ,mr4
 ,tillis1 & ,mrs4 ,blackburn7 introduc$ 
! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$
 to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a     
,,bill  ,to protect ! rights ( ! p ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates "u ! ,second ,am5dm5t to !
 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #a4   
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,respect = ! ,second ,am5dm5t ,act4  #b4
 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,!
 ,second ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates protects ! individual "r  
to keep & be> arms indep5d5t ( s]vice 9 
an organiz$ militia4  7#b7 ,! ,supreme  
,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates held 9 ,di/rict 
( ,columbia v4 ,hell]1 #eed ,u4,s4 #egj1
 #eie 7#bjjh7 t t"h seems to u no d\bt1 
on ! basis ( bo? text & hi/ory1 t !     
,second ,am5dm5t conf]r$ an individual  
"r to keep & be> arms44  7#c7 ,!        

,supreme ,c\rt fur!r held 9 ,new ,york  
,/ate ,rifle  ,pi/ol ,association v4    
,bru51 #adb ,s4 ,ct4 #baaa1 #babf       
7#bjbb7 t ! ,second ,am5dm5t requires ! 
gov]nm5t to demon/rate t a law regulat+ 
fire>ms is consi/5t ) ?is ,nation's     
hi/orical tradition ( fire>m regulation4
  7#d7 ,! "r to keep & be> arms is a    
fundam5tal individual "r gu>ante$ by !  
,con/itution & a corn]/one ( ! lib]ties 
t e ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5 enjoys4  7#e7  
,! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution  
grants ,congress ! au?ority to en=ce1 by
 appropriate legislation1 t ,am5dm5t's  
comm& t no ,/ate %all make or en=ce any 
law :i* %all abridge ! privileges or    
immunities ( citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
7#f7 ,c]ta9 ,/ates h enact$ or are seek+
 to enact gun control laws t are        
inconsi/5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates' hi/orical 
tradition ( fire>m regulation1 includ+  
bans on ! c>ry+ ( fire>ms by resid5ts ( 
o!r ,/ates & bans on l>ge categories (  
fire>ms t are 9 common use = lawful     
purposes4  7#g7 ,x is !re=e necess>y =  

,congress to ex]cise its au?ority "u !  
,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t to ensure t ! ,second 
,am5dm5t rights ( all p ( ! ,unit$      
,/ates are protect$ f infr+em5t by !    
,/ates4  7#h7 ,congress has also ex]cis$
 au?ority "u ! ,tax+ ,clause & ,comm]ce 
,clause ( section #h ( article ,i ( !   
,con/itution to regulate ! int]/ate     
m>ket 9 fire>ms & ammunition4  #c4      
,limitations on regulation ( fire>ms    
7a7 ,def9ition ( fire>m ,9 ?is section1 
! t]m fire>m-- 7#a7 has ! mean+ giv5 !  
t]m 9 section #iba ( title #ah1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code2 &  7#b7 includes-- 7,a7 an
 antique fire>m1 z def9$ 9 section #iba 
( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code        
7not)/&+ p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is            
subsection72  7,b7 an assembl$ or       
unassembl$ fire>m2 &  7,c7 any "p ( a   
fire>m1 includ+ any integrat$ or        
deta*able magaz9e or ammunition fe$+    
device4  7b7 ,no en=cem5t or            
implem5tation ( laws 9 violation (      
,second ,am5dm5t rights ,no p]son act+  
"u color ( any /atute1 ord9ance1        

regulation1 cu/om1 or usage ( ! ,f$]al  
,gov]nm5t1 ( any ,/ate or t]ritory1 (   
any locality1 or ( ! ,di/rict (         
,columbia may en=ce or implem5t any     
,f$]al1 ,/ate1 or local law1 rule1      
ord9ance1 or regulation t prohibits1    
limits1 places requirem5ts or conditions
 ^u1 or o!rwise regulates ! "r ( an     
individual to lawfully manufacture =    
p]sonal use1 acquire1 possess1 own1     
c>ry1 transport1 %ip1 or use a privately
 own$ fire>m or privately own$          
ammunition unless ! law1 rule1 ord9ance1
 or regulation is consi/5t ) ! ,unit$   
,/ates' hi/orical tradition ( fire>m    
regulation4  7c7 ,en=cem5t  7#a7 ,public
 "r ( action ,! ,attorney ,g5]al may br+
 a civil action = decl>atory or         
injunctive relief 9 an appropriate      
di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ any
 p]son :o violates subsection 7b74  7#b7
 ,private "r ( action  7,a7 ,9 g5]al    
,any p]son :o is h>m$ by a violation (  
subsection 7b71 or any memb]%ip         
organization t repres5ts su* a p]son1   

may br+ a civil action = decl>atory or  
injunctive relief 9 an appropriate      
di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/ !  
p]son :o committ$ ! violation4  7,b7    
,co/s & fees ,! c\rt %all aw>d co/s &   
reasonable attorney fees to any pla9tiff
 :o prevails 9 an action br\ght "u      
subp>agraph 7,a71 includ+ if ! action is
 resolv$ by a negotiat$ settlem5t or    
moot$ by repeal or am5dm5t ( ! (f5d+    
law1 rule1 regulation1 prohibition1     
policy1 or practice4  7d7 ,rule (       
con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all be 
con/ru$ to-- 7#a7 preempt any provision 
( ,/ate law t provides great]           
protections to ! individual "r to keep &
 be> arms ?an ^? provid$ "u ?is section2
 or  7#b7 limit any o!r rem$y available 
"u ! laws ( a ,/ate or ! ,unit$ ,/ates =
 infr+em5t ( ! "r to lawfully           
manufacture = p]sonal use1 acquire1     
possess1 own1 c>ry1 transport1 %ip1 or  
use a privately own$ fire>m or privately
 own$ ammunition4  #d4 ,repeal] ,*apt]  
#dd ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is

 am5d$-- 7#a7 by /rik+ section #ibg2 &  
7#b7 9 ! table ( sections1 by /rik+ !   
item relat+ to section #ibg4