,,ii #aahth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #efja ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,december #ah 7legislative day1 ,december #af71 #bjbd,ms4 ,cantwell 7for herself and ,mr4 ,cruz7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to improve the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's weather research1 support improvements in weather forecasting and prediction1 expand commercial opportunities for the provision of weather data1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd or the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4,sec4 #b4 ,definitions4,,title ,i--,reauthorization of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag,sec4 #aja4 ,public safety priority4,sec4 #ajb4 ,united ,states weather research and forecasting4,sec4 #ajc4 ,verification of the ,origins of ,rotation in ,tornadoes ,experiment - ,united ,states of ,america 7,,vortex-,,usa74,sec4 #ajd4 ,hurricane forecast improvement program4,sec4 #aje4 ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act reauthorization4,sec4 #ajf4 ,observing system planning4,sec4 #ajg4 ,observing system simulation experiments4,sec4 #ajh4 ,computing resources prioritization4,sec4 #aji4 ,earth prediction innovation center4,sec4 #aaj4 ,satellite architecture planning4,sec4 #aaa4 ,improving uncrewed activities4,sec4 #aab4 ,interagency ,council for ,advancing ,meteorological ,services4,sec4 #aac4 ,ocean observations4,sec4 #aad4 ,consolidation of reports4,sec4 #aae4 ,precipitation forecast improvement program4,,title ,,ii--,enhancing ,federal ,weather ,forecasting and ,innovation,sec4 #bja4 ,weather innovation for the next generation4,sec4 #bjb4 ,radar next program4,sec4 #bjc4 ,data voids in highly vulnerable areas of the ,united ,states4,sec4 #bjd4 ,atmospheric rivers forecast improvement program4,sec4 #bje4 ,coastal flooding and storm surge forecast improvement program4,sec4 #bjf4 ,aviation weather and data innovation4,sec4 #bjg4 ,,nesdis partnership program1 transition program1 and operational planning4,sec4 #bjh4 ,advanced weather interactive processing system4,sec4 #bji4 ,reanalysis and reforecasting4,sec4 #baj4 ,national ,weather ,service workforce4,sec4 #baa4 ,artificial intelligence for weather forecasting4,sec4 #bab4 ,composition of the atmosphere and atmospheric observations4,sec4 #bac4 ,project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog4,,title ,,iii--,commercial ,weather and ,environmental ,observations,sec4 #cja4 ,commercial ,data ,program4,sec4 #cjb4 ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program4,sec4 #cjc4 ,contracting authority and avoidance of duplication4,sec4 #cjd4 ,data assimilation1 management1 and sharing practices4,sec4 #cje4 ,clerical amendment4,,title ,,iv--,communicating ,weather to the ,public,sec4 #dja4 ,definitions4,sec4 #djb4 ,hazardous weather or water event risk communication4,sec4 #djc4 ,hazard communication research and engagement4,sec4 #djd4 ,national ,weather ,service communications improvement4,sec4 #dje4 ,,noaa ,weather ,radio modernization4,sec4 #djf4 ,post-storm surveys and assessments4,sec4 #djg4 ,government ,accountability ,office report on alert dissemination for hazardous weather or water events4,sec4 #djh4 ,data collection management and protection4,,title ,v--,improving ,weather ,information for ,agriculture and ,water ,management,sec4 #eja4 ,weather and climate information in agriculture and water management4,sec4 #ejb4 ,national integrated drought information system4,sec4 #ejc4 ,national ,mesonet ,program4,sec4 #ejd4 ,national ,coordinated ,soil ,moisture ,monitoring ,network4,sec4 #eje4 ,national ,water ,center4,sec4 #ejf4 ,satellite transfers briefing4,,title ,,vi--,harmful ,algal ,bloom and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,amendments ,act of #bjbd,sec4 #fja4 ,short title4,sec4 #fjb4 ,amendments to the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih4,sec4 #fjc4 ,other harmful algal bloom matters4,,title ,,vii--,preventing ,health ,emergencies ,and ,temperature-related ,illness and ,deaths ,act of #bjbd,sec4 #gja4 ,short title4,sec4 #gjb4 ,definitions4,sec4 #gjc4 ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system ,interagency ,committee4,sec4 #gjd4 ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system4,sec4 #gje4 ,authorization of appropriations4,,title ,,viii--,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd,sec4 #hja4 ,short title4,sec4 #hjb4 ,certain definitions under ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act4,sec4 #hjc4 ,reauthorization of ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act4,,title ,,ix--,illegal ,red ,snapper ,enforcement ,act,sec4 #ija4 ,short title4,sec4 #ijb4 ,methodology for identifying the country of origin of red snapper imported into the ,united ,states4,,title ,x--,accelerating ,networking1 ,cyberinfrastructure1 and ,hardware for ,oceanic ,research ,act,sec4 #ajja4 ,short title4,sec4 #ajjb4 ,definitions4,sec4 #ajjc4 ,plan to improve cybersecurity and telecommunications of ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet4,,title ,,xi--,other authorities,sec4 #aaja4 ,meteorological observations in the ,arctic region4,sec4 #aajb4 ,unfunded priorities list1 reports1 and plans4,sec4 #aajc4 ,miscellaneous authorities4 #b4 ,definitions 7a7 ,in general ,in this ,act1 the terms seasonal1 ,state1 subseasonal1 ,under ,secretary1 weather enterprise1 weather data1 and weather industry have the meanings given such terms in section #b of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heja74 7b7 ,weather data defined ,section #b of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heja7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating paragraph 7#e7 as paragraph 7#f72 and 7#b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#d7 the following new paragraph3 7#e7 ,weather data ,the term weather data means information used to track and predict weather conditions and patterns1 including forecasts1 observations1 and derivative products from such information4 4 ,i ,reauthorization of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag #aja4 ,public safety priority ,section #aja of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heaa7 is amended to read as follows3 #aja4 ,public safety priority 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 ensure the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration focuses on providing accurate and timely weather forecasts that protect lives and property and enhance the national economy2 7#b7 through the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service1 coordinate and implement observational infrastructure1 weather forecasting1 communications1 and impact-based decision support services2 and 7#c7 work to improve operation weather forecasts1 products1 and services through nimble1 flexible1 and mobile methods4 7b7 ,research ,in conducting research1 the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize improving weather data1 modeling1 computing1 forecasting1 and warnings for the protection of life and property and for the enhancement of the national economy4 4 #ajb4 ,united ,states weather research and forecasting ,section #aaj of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heai7 is amended to read as follows3 #aaj4 ,authorization of appropriations 7a7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research to carry out this title the following3 7#a7 #afc1gid1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe1 of which-- 7,a7 #ia1jeh1jjj is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes2 7,b7 #ci1dia1jjj is authorized for the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program2 7,c7 #ba1abe1jjj;is authorized for tornado1 severe storm1 and next generation radar research2 and 7,d7 #ab1abj1jjj is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section #ajb7;b77#d7 of this title4 7#b7 #afe1dcb1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf1 of which-- 7,a7 #ia1ifh1jjj is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes2 7,b7 #ci1hhf1jjj is authorized for the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program2 7,c7 #ba1ccf1jjj is authorized for tornado1 severe storm1 and next generation radar research2 and 7,d7 #ab1bda1jjj is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section #ajb7;b77#d7 of this title4 7#c7 #afg1jhf1jjj for fiscal year #bjbg1 of which-- 7,a7 #ib1hhh1jjj is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes2 7,b7 #dj1bhe1jjj is authorized for the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program2 7,c7 #ba1eej1jjj is authorized for tornado1 severe storm1 and next generation radar research2 and 7,d7 #ab1cfd1jjj is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section #ajb7;b77#d7 of this title4 7#d7 #afh1geg1jjj for fiscal year #bjbh1 of which-- 7,a7 #ic1hag1jjj is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes2 7,b7 #dj1fhh1jjj is authorized for the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program2 7,c7 #ba1gfe1jjj is authorized for tornado1 severe storm1 and next generation radar research2 and 7,d7 #ab1dhg1jjj is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section #ajb7;b77#d7 of this title4 7#e7 #agj1ddd1jjj for fiscal year #bjbi1 of which-- 7,a7 #id1gee1jjj is authorized for weather laboratories and cooperative institutes2 7,b7 #da1jid1jjj is authorized for the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program2 7,c7 #ba1ihc1jjj is authorized for tornado1 severe storm1 and next generation radar research2 and 7,d7 #ab1fab1jjj is authorized for the joint technology transfer initiative described in section #ajb7;b77#d7 of this title4 7b7 ,limitation ,no additional funds are authorized to carry out this title or the amendments made by this title4 4 #ajc4 ,verification of the ,origins of ,rotation in ,tornadoes ,experiment - ,united ,states of ,america 7,,vortex-,,usa7 7a7 ,in general ,section #ajc of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heac7 is amended to read as follows3 #ajc4 ,verification of the ,origins of ,rotation in ,tornadoes ,experiment - ,united ,states of ,america 7,,vortex-,,usa7 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states weather industry and academic partners1 shall maintain a program for rapidly improving tornado forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings1 including forecaster training in radar interpretation and information integration from new sources4 7b7 ,goal ,the goal of the program under subsection 7a7 shall be to develop and extend accurate tornado forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings in order to reduce the loss of life or property related to tornadoes1 with a focus on the following3 7#a7 ,improving the effectiveness and timeliness of tornado forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings4 7#b7 ,optimizing lead time and providing actionable information beyond one hour in advance4 7#c7 ,transitioning from warn-on-detection to warn-on-forecast4 7c7 ,innovative observations ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the program under subsection 7a7 periodically examines1 tests1 and evaluates the value of incorporating innovative observations1 such as novel sensor technologies1 observation tools or networks1 crewed or uncrewed systems1 and hosted instruments on commercial aircrafts1 vessels1 and satellites1 with respect to the improvement of tornado forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings4 7d7 ,activities ,the ,under ,secretary shall award grants for research1 including relating to the following3 7#a7 ,implementing key goals and achieving program milestones to the maximum extent practicable as outlined by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's #bjai report1 ,tornado ,warning ,improvement and ,extension ,program ,plan4 7#b7 ,in coordination with the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council's ,social and ,behavioral ,sciences ,subcommittee1 improving the social1 behavioral1 risk1 communication1 and economic sciences regarding vulnerabilities1 risk communication1 and delivery of information critical for reducing the loss of life or property related to tornadoes4 7#c7 ,improving the physical sciences1 computer modeling1 and tools related to tornado formation1 the impacts of tornadoes on the built and natural environment1 and the interaction of tornadoes and hurricanes4 7e7 ,priority institutions 7#a7 ,in general ,in awarding grants under subsection 7d71 the ,under ,secretary may prioritize awarding grants to minority-serving institutions4 7#b7 ,definition of minority-serving institution ,in this subsection1 the term minority-serving institution means-- 7,a7 a part ,b institution 7as defined in section #cbb of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajfa772 7,b7 a ,hispanic-serving institution 7as defined in section #ejb7;a7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja;a7a7772 7,c7 a ,tribal ,college or ,university 7as defined in section #caf7;b7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;c7b7772 7,d7 an ,alaska ,native-serving institution 7as defined in section #cag7;b7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;d7b7772 7,e7 a ,native ,hawaiian-serving institution 7as defined in section #cag7;b7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;d7b7772 7,f7 a ,predominantly ,black ,institution 7as defined in section #cah7;b7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;e7b7772 7,g7 an ,asian ,american and ,native ,american ,pacific ,islander-serving institution 7as defined in section #cbj7;b7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;g7b7772 or 7,h7 a ,native ,american-serving1 nontribal institution 7as defined in section #cai7;b7 of that ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;f7b7774 7f7 ,warnings ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the program established under section #djc7;a7 of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd1 shall-- 7#a7 conduct and transition to operations the research necessary to develop and deploy probabilistic weather forecast guidance technology for tornadoes and related weather phenomena2 7#b7 incorporate into tornado modeling and forecasting1 as appropriate1 social1 behavioral1 risk1 communication1 and economic sciences2 7#c7 enhance workforce training on radar interpretation and use of tornado warning systems2 and 7#d7 expand computational resources1 including cloud computing1 to support higher-resolution modeling to advance the capability for warn-on-forecast4 7g7 ,tornado rating system ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with local communities and emergency managers1 shall-- 7#a7 evaluate the system used as of the date of the enactment of this section to rate the severity of tornadoes2 7#b7 determine whether updates to such system are required to ensure such ratings accurately reflect the severity of tornados2 and 7#c7 if determined necessary1 update such system4 7h7 ,annual budget ,the ,under ,secretary shall1 not less frequently than annually1 submit to ,congress a proposed budget corresponding with carrying out this section4 7i7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,under ,secretary to carry out this section #aa1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjcj1 of which not less than #b1jjj1jjj each fiscal year shall be used for prioritized grants awarded under subsection 7e74 4 7b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by amending the item relating to section #ajc to read as follows3 ,sec4 #ajc4 ,verification of the ,origins of ,rotation in ,tornadoes ,experiment - ,united ,states of ,america 7,,vortex-,,usa74 4 #ajd4 ,hurricane forecast improvement program ,section #ajd of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #head7 is amended to read as follows3 #ajd4 ,hurricane forecast improvement program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states weather industry and academic partners1 shall maintain a program to improve hurricane forecasting1 predictions1 and warnings4 7b7 ,goal ,the goal of the program under subsection 7a7 shall be to develop and extend accurate hurricane forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings in order to reduce the loss of life or property related to hurricanes1 with a focus on the following3 7#a7 ,improving the understanding1 prediction1 and communication of rapid intensity change and projected path of hurricanes1 including probabilistic methods for hurricane hazard mapping4 7#b7 ,improving the forecast and impact-based communication of inland flooding1 compound flooding1 and storm surges from hurricanes1 in coordination with the program established under section #bje of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd4 7#c7 ,incorporating social1 behavioral1 risk1 communication1 and economic sciences to clearly inform response to prevent the loss of life or property4 7#d7 ,evaluating and incorporating1 as appropriate1 innovative observations1 including acoustic or infrasonic measurements1 novel sensor technologies1 observation tools or networks1 crewed or uncrewed systems1 and hosted instruments on commercial aircrafts1 vessels1 and satellites4 7c7 ,activities ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary shall award grants for research1 including relating to the following3 7#a7 ,implementing key strategies and following priorities and objectives outlined by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's #bjai report ,hurricane ,forecast ,improvement ,program4 7#b7 ,in coordination with the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council's ,social and ,behavioral ,sciences ,subcommittee and other relevant interagency committees1 improving the social1 behavioral1 risk1 communications1 and economic sciences related to vulnerabilities1 risk communication1 and delivery of information critical for reducing the loss of life or property related to hurricanes4 7#c7 ,improving the physical sciences1 operational modeling1 and tools related to hurricane formation1 the impacts of wind and water-based hurricane hazards on the built and natural environment1 and the interaction of hurricanes and tornadoes4 7d7 ,warnings ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the program established under section #djc7;a7 of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd1 shall-- 7#a7 conduct and transition to operations the research necessary to develop and deploy probabilistic weather forecast guidance technology relating to hurricanes and related weather phenomena2 7#b7 incorporate into hurricane modeling and forecasting1 as appropriate1 social1 behavioral1 risk1 communication1 and economic sciences research2 and 7#c7 expand computational resources1 including cloud computing1 to support and improve higher-resolution operational modeling of hurricanes and related weather phenomena4 7e7 ,annual report ,not later than ,june #a of each year until #bjbi1 the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that includes the following3 7#a7 ,the number and causes of missed mission requirements for the ,national ,hurricane ,operations ,plan and the ,national ,winter ,season ,operations ,plan1 including those related to equipment malfunction1 aircraft availability1 aircraft maintenance1 flight hour limits1 and availability of pilots or other air and maintenance crew members4 7#b7 ,requirements related to the plans described in paragraph 7#a7 that were requested by forecasters but not tasked1 and the reasons why those were not tasked4 7#c7 ,a workforce management plan addressing any shortfalls in human capital resources that are necessary for hurricane observational data collection aboard aircraft or uncrewed systems4 7#d7 ,a summary of-- 7,a7 hurricane technology that is under research and development to improve confidence in hurricane track and intensity predictions2 7,b7 hurricane technology that is at the prototype demonstration stage or beyond2 and 7,c7 plans for transitioning the hurricane technology described in subparagraph 7,b7 into operations4 4 #aje4 ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act reauthorization 7a7 ,title heading ,the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7enacted as title ,,viii of the ,magnuson-,stevens ,fishery ,conservation and ,management ,reauthorization ,act of #bjjf 7,public ,law #aji-dgi77 is amended in the title heading1 by inserting ,research1 after ,warning14 7b7 ,purposes ,section #hjc of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#b71 by inserting timeliness and before accuracy2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#g71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7#c7 in paragraph 7#h71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7#d7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#i7 to ensure data and metadata are managed1 archived1 and made available for operations1 research1 education1 and mitigation activities in accordance with section #cje of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag4 4 7c7 ,tsunami forecasting and warning program ,section #hjd of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjc7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#d71 by inserting 1 using industry and scientific best practices1 after operational condition2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking global seismic network and inserting ,global ,seismic ,network2 7ii7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,d71 7,e71 7,f71 and 7,g71 as subparagraphs 7,e71 7,f71 7,g71 and 7,h71 respectively2 and 7iii7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,c7 the following new subparagraph3 7,d7 the global navigation satellite system 7,,gnss7 network2 2 7,c7 by amending paragraph 7#f7 to read as follows3 7#f7 ensure data quality and management systems1 support data and metadata access and archiving1 and support the requirements of the program pursuant to the ,foundations for ,evidence-,based ,policymaking ,act of #bjah 7,public ,law #aae-dce7 and chapter #ca of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code2 2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#g7-- 7i7 by amending the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 include a cooperative effort among the ,administration1 the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey 7,,usgs71 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration 7,,nasa71 and the ,national ,science ,foundation 7,,nsf7 under which the ,director of ,,usgs1 the ,director of the ,,nsf1 and the ,administrator of ,,nasa shall--2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and at the end2 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs3 7,c7 provide reliable and real-time support for the ,,gnss network data streams from ,,nsf1 ,,nasa1 and ,,usgs maintained networks1 and supplement instrumentation coverage for rapid earthquake assessment2 7,d7 assess the data and information relating to warning systems of collaborating agencies for potential utilization in ,,noaa's warning system1 taking into consideration advancement in research and technology2 7,e7 incorporate1 as practicable1 tsunami notifications and warnings in the ,,usgs ,earthquake ,early ,warning ,system2 and 7,f7 incorporate1 as practicable1 preliminary analysis or data from the ,national ,earthquake ,information ,center regarding the source and magnitude of an offshore earthquake within five minutes of detection2 2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#h7-- 7i7 by inserting and decision support aides after graphical warning products12 and 7ii7 by inserting -prone after tsunami2 7,f7 in paragraph 7#i71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,g7 in paragraph 7#aj71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,h7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#aa7 update tsunami inundation maps1 models1 or other geographic products1 in order to best support1 as appropriate1 relevant agencies with tsunami mitigation and recovery activities4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 by striking paragraph 7#a7 and redesignating paragraphs 7#b7 and 7#c7 as paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b71 respectively2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#a71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 by striking the ,atlantic ,ocean1 including the ,caribbean ,sea and ,gulf of ,mexico1 that are determined-- and inserting the ,pacific1 ,arctic1 and ,atlantic ,oceans1 including the ,caribbean ,sea and ,gulf of ,mexico1 that are determined to pose significant risks of tsunami for ,states and ,united ,states territories along the coastal areas of such regions2 and2 and 7ii7 by striking subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b72 7#c7 by redesignating subsections 7d71 7e71 7f71 and 7g7 as subsections 7e71 7f71 7g71 and 7h71 respectively2 7#d7 by inserting after subsection 7c7 the following new subsection3 7d7 ,tsunami warning alert level evaluation ,the ,administrator1 in collaboration with social scientists1 emergency personnel1 and high-risk communities1 shall-- 7#a7 evaluate tsunami alert levels terminology1 timing1 and effectiveness2 7#b7 determine if such alerts produce the desired response and understanding from possible tsunami-prone communities2 and 7#c7 if necessary1 update the alert level system for increased effectiveness4 2 7#e7 in subsection 7e71 as so redesignated-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting responsible for ,alaska1 the continental ,united ,states1 ,hawaii1 ,united ,states territories1 and international entities the ,administrator determines appropriate before the period2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking which is primarily responsible for ,alaska and the continental ,united ,states2 and 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking 1 which is primarily responsible for ,hawaii1 the ,caribbean1 and other areas of the ,pacific not covered by the ,national ,center2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting current1 after sea level12 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking and volcanic eruptions and inserting volcanic eruptions1 or other sources2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking buoy data and tidal and inserting and coastal2 7iv7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking ,integrated ,ocean ,observing ,system of the ,administration and inserting ,united ,states and global ocean and coastal observing system2 7v7 in subparagraph 7,h71 by inserting monitoring needs1 after response12 and 7vi7 by amending subparagraph 7,i7 to read as follows3 7,i7 ,providing a ,tsunami ,warning ,coordinator to coordinate with partners and stakeholders products and services of the centers supported or maintained under paragraph 7#a74 2 7,c7 by amending paragraph 7#c7 to read as follows3 7#c7 ,fail-safe warning capability ,the ,administrator shall support and maintain fail-safe warning capability for the tsunami warning centers supported or maintained under paragraph 7#a71 and such centers shall conduct at least one service back up drill biannually4 2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7i7 by amending the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 ,the ,administrator shall coordinate with the weather forecast offices of the ,national ,weather ,service1 the centers supported or maintained under paragraph 7#a71 and such national and regional program offices of the ,administration as the ,administrator or the coordinating committee1 as established in section #hje7;b71 consider appropriate to ensure that regional and local weather forecast offices--2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7iv7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,d7 conduct education and outreach efforts to help prepare coastal communities for tsunami hazards4 2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7i7 in the section heading1 by striking ,uniform and inserting ,standardized2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking uniform and inserting standardized2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,c77ii71 by striking uniform and inserting standardized2 7iv7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7v7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7vi7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,f7 align the analytic techniques and methodologies of the existing tsunami warning centers supported or maintained under paragraph 7#a7 to ensure seamless continuity of operations and mitigate risk of operational failure by prioritizing investments that include-- 7i7 replacing end of life equipment2 7ii7 ensuring product consistency2 7iii7 enabling consistent operational process for backup capabilities2 7iv7 mitigating existing operational security risks2 and 7v7 meeting information security requirements specified in chapter #ce of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code4 2 and 7,f7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#g7 ,reporting ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this paragraph and annually thereafter until such time as all relevant requirements have been satisfied1 the ,administrator shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate an update briefing on the progress of the following3 7,a7 ,standardizing products and procedures under paragraph 7#e71 including tsunami assessments1 forecast guidance1 and related products4 7,b7 ,migrating the message generation systems of the centers supported or maintained under paragraph 7#a7 to the ,advanced ,weather ,information ,processing ,systems1 or successor systems4 7,c7 ,the structural reorganization effort1 if necessary1 to align such centers' organizational charts4 7,d7 ,the expected timeline for the full completion of standardizing such centers' products and procedures4 2 7#f7 in subsection 7f71 as so redesignated-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting detect1 measure1 and after used to2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking and the ,advanced ,national ,seismic ,system and inserting the ,advanced ,national ,seismic ,system1 and the global navigation satellite system 7,,gnss72 and2 and 7iv7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,d7 ensure research is coordinated with tsunami warning operations2 2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#c71 by inserting according to industry best practices before the period2 and 7#g7 in subsection 7h77#b77;,a71 as so redesignated1 by striking accuracy of the tsunami model used and inserting timeliness and accuracy of the forecast used to issue the warning4 7d7 ,national tsunami hazard mitigation program ,section #hje7;c7 of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjd7;c77 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7,a7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,b71 7,c71 7,d71 7,e71 7,f71 and 7,g7 as subparagraphs 7,c71 7,d71 7,e71 7,f71 7,g71 and 7,h71 respectively2 7,b7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,a7 the following new subparagraph3 7,b7 ,coastal digital elevation models 7,d,e,ms7 to support the development of inundation maps4 2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs3 7,i7 ,evaluation of the variation of inundation impact resulting from tsunami-driven sediment transport4 7,j7 ,evaluation of tsunami debris impact on critical infrastructure 7as such term is defined in section #ajaf7;e7 of ,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e777 and lifelines4 7,k7 ,high-resolution and high-quality digital elevation models needed for at-risk coastlines1 ports1 and harbors1 particularly for regions not covered by existing inundation maps4 2 and 7#b7 in paragraph 7#g77;,c71 by inserting and behavioral after social2 7e7 ,tsunami research program ,section #hjf of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbje7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by striking section #hje7;d7 and inserting section #hje7;b72 and 7,b7 by inserting and management after data collection2 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by inserting deployment and after may include2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking social science research and inserting social and behavioral science research1 including data collection12 7,c7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,d7 by redesignating paragraph 7#e7 as paragraph 7#g72 and 7,e7 by inserting after paragraph 7#d7 the following new paragraphs3 7#e7 develop decision support tools2 7#f7 leverage and prioritize research opportunities2 and 2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following new subsection3 7c7 ,research and development plan ,not later than #ab months after the date of the enactment of this subsection and not less frequently than every #cf months thereafter1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,interagency ,council for ,advancing ,meteorological ,services1 shall develop a research and development and research to operations plan to improve tsunami detection and forecasting capabilities that-- 7#a7 identifies and prioritizes research and development priorities to satisfy section #hjd2 7#b7 identifies key research needs for better detecting tsunamis that may occur in open ocean and along the coastlines of the ,united ,states and its territories1 improve forecasting of tsunamis that are not seismically driven1 and other opportunities determined appropriate2 7#c7 develops plans for transitioning research to operations2 and 7#d7 identifies collaboration opportunities that may further and align tsunami research1 development1 warnings1 and operations between the centers supported or maintained under section #hjd1 the ,national ,tsunami ,hazard ,mitigation ,program1 the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,center for ,tsunami ,research1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency1 institutions of higher education1 private entities1 stakeholders1 and others determined appropriate4 2 7f7 ,assessment of tsunami watches and warnings 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7enacted as title ,,viii of the ,magnuson-,stevens ,fishery ,conservation and ,management ,reauthorization ,act of #bjjf 7,public ,law #aji-dgi77 is amended by inserting after section #hjd 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjc7 the following3 #hjd;,a4 ,assessment of tsunami watches and warnings 7a7 ,assessment of tsunami watches and warnings 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 conduct an assessment of-- 7i7 the tsunami watches and warnings of the ,national ,weather ,service2 and 7ii7 the information delivery to support preparation and responses to tsunamis2 and 7,b7 submit to ,congress a report on the findings of the ,under ,secretary with respect to the assessment required by subparagraph 7,a74 7#b7 ,elements ,the assessment required by paragraph 7#a77;,a7 shall include the following3 7,a7 ,an evaluation of whether the watches1 warnings1 and information described in paragraph 7#a77;,a7 effectively-- 7i7 communicate risk to the general public2 7ii7 inform action to prevent loss of life and property2 7iii7 inform action to support tsunami preparation and response2 and 7iv7 deliver information in a manner designed to lead to appropriate action4 7,b7 ,subject to subsection 7b77#b71 such recommendations as the ,under ,secretary may have for-- 7i7 legislative and administrative action to improve the watches and warnings described in paragraph 7#a77;,a77i72 and 7ii7 such research as the ,under ,secretary considers necessary to address the focus areas described in paragraph 7#c74 7#c7 ,focus areas ,the assessment required by paragraph 7#a77;,a7 shall focus on the following areas3 7,a7 ,ways to communicate the risks posed by hazardous tsunami events to the public that are most likely to result in informed decision making regarding the mitigation of those risks4 7,b7 ,ways to provide actionable geographic information to the recipient of a watch or warning for tsunami1 including partnering with emergency response agencies1 as appropriate4 7,c7 ,evaluation of information delivery to support the preparation for and response to tsunamis 7#d7 ,consultation ,in conducting the assessment required by paragraph 7#a77;,a71 the ,under ,secretary shall consult with-- 7,a7 individuals in the academic sector1 including individuals in the field of social and behavioral sciences2 7,b7 other weather services2 7,c7 media outlets and other entities that distribute the watches and warnings described in paragraph 7#a77;,a77i72 7,d7 emergency planners and responders1 including ,state1 local1 and ,tribal emergency management agencies2 7,e7 other government users of the watches and warnings described in paragraph 7#a77;,a77i71 including the ,federal ,highway ,administration2 and 7,f7 such other ,federal agencies as the ,under ,secretary determines rely on watches and warnings regarding tsunamis for operational decisions4 7#e7 ,methodologies ,in conducting the assessment required by paragraph 7#a77;,a71 the ,under ,secretary shall use such methodologies as the ,under ,secretary considers are generally accepted by the weather enterprise1 including social and behavioral sciences4 7b7 ,improvements to tsunami watches and warnings 7#a7 ,in general ,based on the assessment required by subsection 7a77#a77;,a71 the ,under ,secretary shall make such improvements to the watches and warnings described in that subsection as the ,under ,secretary considers necessary-- 7,a7 to improve the communication of the risks posed by tsunami events2 and 7,b7 to provide actionable geographic information to the recipient of a watch or warning for a tsunami4 7#b7 ,requirements regarding recommendations ,in conducting the assessment required by subsection 7a77#a77;,a71 the ,under ,secretary shall ensure that any recommendation under subsection 7a77#b77;,b7 that the ,under ,secretary considers a major change-- 7,a7 is validated by social and behavioral science using a generalizable sample2 7,b7 accounts for the needs of various demographics1 vulnerable populations1 and geographic regions2 7,c7 responds to the needs of ,federal1 ,state1 local1 and ,tribal government partners and media partners2 and 7,d7 accounts for necessary changes to ,federally operated watch and warning propagation and dissemination infrastructure and protocols4 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents for the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7enacted as title ,,viii of the ,magnuson-,stevens ,fishery ,conservation and ,management ,reauthorization ,act of #bjjf 7,public ,law #aji-dgi77 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #hjd the following3 ,sec4 #hjd;,a4 ,assessment of tsunami watches and warnings4 4 7g7 ,global tsunami warning and mitigation network ,section #hjg7;d7 of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjf7;d77 is amended by inserting and management after data sharing2 7h7 ,tsunami ,science and ,technology ,advisory ,panel ,section #hjh of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjf;a7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b77#a71 by inserting and behavioral after social2 and 7#b7 by adding at the end the following3 7e7 ,sunset ,the ,panel shall terminate not later than six years after the date of the enactment of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd4 4 7i7 ,authorization of appropriations ,section #hji of the ,tsunami ,warning and ,education ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cbjg7 is amended to read as follows3 #hji4 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,administrator to carry out this title #cj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh1 of which-- 7#a7 not less than #bg percent of the amount appropriated for each fiscal year shall be for activities conducted at the ,state level under the national tsunami hazard mitigation program under section #hje2 and 7#b7 not less than #h percent of the amount appropriated shall be for the tsunami research program under section #hjf4 4 #ajf4 ,observing system planning ,section #ajf of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heaf7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7,a7 by inserting ,federal before observing capabilities2 and 7,b7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7,a7 by inserting 1 including private sector partnerships or commercial acquisition1 after options2 and 7,b7 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following new paragraphs3 7#e7 compare costs and schedule1 including cost-benefit analysis1 of ,federal and private sector supplemental options to fill the observation data requirements under paragraph 7#a7 and gaps identified pursuant to paragraph 7#c72 and 7#f7 not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd1 submit to ,congress a report that provides an analysis of the technical1 schedule1 cost1 and cost benefit analyses to place an operational polar-orbiting environmental satellite capability in the early morning orbit to support the weather enterprise and the ,administration's mission4 4 #ajg4 ,observing system simulation experiments ,section #ajg of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heag7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b77#c71 by striking providing data and inserting comparison to current or experimental commercial system capabilities that provide data2 7#b7 in subsection 7c77#a71 by striking 1 including polar-orbiting and geostationary satellite systems12 7#c7 by striking subsection 7d72 and 7#d7 by redesignating subsection 7e7 as subsection 7d74 #ajh4 ,computing resources prioritization 7a7 ,computing research initiative ,section #ajh of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heah7 is amended by striking subsection 7a77#c77;,c7 and all that follows through subsection 7b77#g7 and inserting the following3 7b7 ,artificial intelligence investments ,the ,under ,secretary shall leverage artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to facilitate1 optimize1 and further leverage advanced computing to accomplish critical missions of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7c7 ,centers of excellence ,the ,under ,secretary may expand1 and where applicable establish1 centers of excellence to aid the adoption of next-generation artificial intelligence and machine learning enabled advanced computing capabilities4 ,each such center may carry out activities that include the following3 7#a7 ,leveraging robust public-private partnership models to provide access to training1 experience1 and long-term development of workforce and infrastructure4 7#b7 ,developing and optimizing tools1 libraries1 algorithms1 data structures1 and other supporting software necessary for specific applications on high performance computing systems4 7#c7 ,applying modern artificial intelligence1 deep machine-learning1 and advanced data analysis technologies to address current and future mission challenges4 7#d7 ,to the maximum extent practicable1 exploring quantum computing and related application partnerships with public1 private1 and academic entities to improve the accuracy and resolution of weather predictions4 7d7 ,multi-,year contracts ,the ,under ,secretary may enter into multi-year contracts in accordance with section #cijc of title #da1 ,united ,states ,code1 and shall ensure compliance with all contract clauses provided in such section to support operations1 research1 and development related to high performance and cloud computing infrastructure or systems with an unfunded contingent liability in the event of cancellation4 7e7 ,report ,not later than two years after the date of the enactment of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd1 the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,secretary of ,energy shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a report evaluating the following3 7#a7 ,a best estimate of the overall value of high-resolution probabilistic forecast guidance for hazardous weather or water events 7as such term is defined in section #dja of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd7 using a next-generation weather forecast and warning framework4 7#b7 ,the needs for cloud computing1 quantum computing1 or high-performance computing1 visualization1 and dissemination collaboration between the ,department of ,energy and the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#c7 ,a timeline and guidance for implementation of the following3 7,a7 ,high-resolution numerical weather prediction models4 7,b7 ,methods for meeting the cloud computing1 quantum computing1 or high-performance computing1 visualization1 and dissemination needs identified under paragraph 7#b74 4 7b7 ,strategic plan on high-,performance computing and data management needs 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall make publicly available not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and update every #e years thereafter until #bjce1 a #aj-year strategic plan that outlines the high-performance computing and data management requirements and needs of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and actions and strategies to address those requirements and needs4 7#b7 ,plan elements ,at a minimum1 the strategic plan required by paragraph 7#a7 shall include the following3 7,a7 ,a #aj-year prospective outlook of computing resources and upgrades needed to meet the mission needs of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration for fisheries management1 oceanographic forecasting1 and ecological forecasting missions4 7,b7 ,a discussion of-- 7i7 computing and processing resources of the ,administration and a #aj-year projected need for such resources1 disaggregated by line office of the ,administration2 7ii7 facilities1 commercial contracts1 and partnerships 7with other ,federal agencies or other institutions or entities7 of the ,administration that are providing computing and data management support or capacity as of such date2 7iii7 the use by the ,administration of cloud computing and other emerging technologies1 such as artificial intelligence and machine learning2 7iv7 additional technologies that have the potential to increase effectiveness and efficiency for data storage and processing power1 including challenges to access and use of those technologies2 7v7 the distribution of computing resources among the operations and research functions of the ,administration2 7vi7 products and services of the ,administration that have not become available to the public because of a lack of computing resources2 7vii7 current and future workforce development needs1 such as information technology and software engineering1 of the ,administration2 and 7viii7 the high-performance computing requirements of the ,administration1 with a special focus on requirements that are common across line offices of the ,administration4 7,c7 ,timelines1 and performance measures for assessing progress toward attaining goals for-- 7i7 computing infrastructure and architecture of the ,administration 7including facilities1 hardware1 and software72 and 7ii7 use by the ,administration of technologies that will increase effectiveness and efficiency for data storage and processing power1 including challenges to access and use of such technologies4 7,d7 ,a #aj-year life cycle analysis of the management of facilities1 hardware1 and engineering involved in the strategic plan that includes-- 7i7 program formulation for project conception1 implementation1 and closure2 and 7ii7 technical infrastructure1 products1 processes1 data1 and personnel resources required to achieve defined cost1 schedule1 and performance objectives4 7,e7 ,if appropriate1 a description of actions taken to implement the previous plan4 7#c7 ,public involvement ,in developing the strategic plan required by paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary shall invite comments and other feedback from the public to inform the strategic plan4 7#d7 ,annual briefings 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and annually thereafter until #bjbi1 the ,under ,secretary shall brief ,congress on the progress made toward the objectives of the strategic plan required by paragraph 7#a74 7,b7 ,elements ,each briefing required by subparagraph 7,a7 shall include the following3 7i7 ,an evaluation of the progress made in implementing the strategic plan4 7ii7 ,such updates to the strategic plan as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate4 #aji4 ,earth prediction innovation center ,paragraph 7#e7 of section #ajb7;b7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heab7;b77 is amended-- 7#a7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 and 7#b7 by striking subparagraph 7,e7 and inserting the following new subparagraphs3 7,e7 developing community weather research modeling systems that-- 7i7 are accessible by the public in accordance with section #ajfja of the ,james ,m4 ,inhofe ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjbc 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heab;a7 and available for archive and long-term study2 7ii7 meet basic end-user requirements for running on public computers and networks located outside of secure ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration information and technology systems2 7iii7 use1 whenever appropriate and cost-effective1 innovative strategies and methods1 including cloud-based computing capabilities1 for hosting and management of part or all of the system described in this subparagraph2 7iv7 use modeling systems that allow for interoperability with new model components1 modules1 and next-generation software and coding languages2 7v7 allow for open testing and integration of promising operational model improvements from the broader community2 7vi7 access as close to a real-time basis as possible operational data and metadata1 including commercially purchased data for use in the model testing conducted by the ,earth ,prediction ,innovation ,center pursuant to redistribution restrictions1 licensing agreements1 and applicable existing laws and regulations2 and 7vii7 provide supported and portable versions of the unified forecast system1 including applications for fire weather1 subseasonal to seasonal forecasting1 hurricane1 space weather1 ocean1 cryosphere1 air quality1 and coastal models1 that can reproduce current operational global and regional model prediction2 and 7,f7 establishing a ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,data ,lake1 to be maintained by the ,administration1 a commercial partner1 or non-profit entity1 that consolidates and maintains a publicly available and continuously updated collection of data and metadata used in numerical weather prediction for use in the ,earth ,prediction ,innovation ,center's model testing1 pursuant to redistribution restrictions1 licensing agreements1 and applicable existing laws and regulations4 4 #aaj4 ,satellite architecture planning ,section #cja of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heca7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a71 by striking paragraph 7#a7 and redesignating paragraphs 7#b71 7#c71 and 7#d7 as paragraphs 7#a71 7#b71 and 7#c71 respectively2 7#b7 by amending subsection 7b7 to read as follows3 7b7 ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration satellite systems and data 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain a fleet of ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration space-based observation platforms that provide critical operations-focused data and information to support the mission of the ,administration to monitor the global environment in order to protect lives and property from extreme weather and other natural phenomena4 7#b7 ,collaboration ,the ,under ,secretary shall implement recommendations from the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,observing ,systems ,council to ensure an appropriate mix of government1 academic1 commercial sector1 and international partnerships in the provision of data and information1 including a broadened effort on data acquisition through the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb when cost effective and beneficial to the ,administration4 7#c7 ,priority ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure that platforms maintained under paragraph 7#a7 prioritize the development of products and services that are tailored to meet the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's mission4 7#d7 ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information to provide a long-term archive and access to the national and global data and metadata of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 2 and 7#c7 in subsection 7f77#a71 by striking #bjbc and inserting #bjcj4 #aaa4 ,improving uncrewed activities 7a7 ,research and development ,section #ajb7;b77#c7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heab7;b77#c77 is amended-- 7#a7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking aerial and inserting crewed and uncrewed aerial and surface2 and 7#b7 in subparagraph 7,g71 by striking 1 including commercial observing systems and inserting 1 including stationary and mobile commercial observing systems1 such as uncrewed aircraft and marine systems1 to provide observations of the atmosphere and ocean1 and other observations1 in cooperation with the ,office of ,marine and ,aviation ,operations4 7b7 ,use of uncrewed aerial systems ,section #ajb of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heab7 is further amended by-- 7#a7 redesignating subsections 7c7 and 7d7 as subsections 7d7 and 7e71 respectively2 and 7#b7 by inserting after subsection 7b7 the following3 7c7 ,use of uncrewed aerial systems 7#a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the program under this section1 the ,assistant ,administrator for ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research and the ,assistant ,administrator for the ,office of ,marine and ,aviation ,operations1 whenever practical1 shall use uncrewed aerial systems to assess damage and assist recovery after an extreme weather or water event4 7#b7 ,use of systems ,in carrying out the program under this section1 the ,assistant ,administrator for ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research and the ,assistant ,administrator for the ,office of ,marine and ,aviation ,operations1 may acquire uncrewed aerial systems and training resources for the regional offices and partners of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration for the use and deployment of those systems in storm assessments and response4 4 #aab4 ,interagency ,council for ,advancing ,meteorological ,services 7a7 ,in general ,section #djb of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hedb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by striking ,advancing ,weather ,services and inserting ,advancing ,meteorological ,services 7in this section referred to as the ,interagency ,council72 and 7,b7 by striking ,committee each place it appears and inserting ,council2 7#b7 by amending subsections 7b7 and 7c7 to read as follows3 7b7 ,co-,chairs ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy and the ,under ,secretary shall serve as co-chairs of the ,interagency ,council4 ,the ,under ,secretary shall serve as the ,federal ,coordinator for ,meteorology4 7c7 ,further coordination ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall take such steps as are necessary to coordinate the activities of the ,federal ,government with stakeholders in the ,united ,states weather industry1 academic partners1 ,state governments1 and emergency managers1 including by implementing mechanisms to encourage and enable the participation of non-,federal employees in the functions of the ,interagency ,council4 2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following new subsections3 7d7 ,functions ,the ,interagency ,council shall be the formal mechanism by which all relevant ,federal departments and agencies coordinate implementation of policy and practices to ensure ,united ,states global leadership in meteorological services4 ,in doing so1 the ,interagency ,council shall review programs and support relevant weather research and forecast innovation activities1 as well as other related implementation activities1 related to ,federal meteorological services1 including by carrying out the following3 7#a7 ,identifying and helping prioritize meteorological research and service delivery needs1 including relating to observations1 operational systems1 communications1 and infrastructure4 7#b7 ,providing recommendations to streamline or consolidate activities and develop greater efficiencies in cross-agency activities4 7#c7 ,leveraging ,earth system science research outcomes of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and other relevant ,federal departments and agencies1 including research outcomes related to the relevant recommended key science and applications questions and priorities in the ,national ,academies of ,sciences1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine's #bjah report ,thriving on ,our ,changing ,planet3 ,a ,decadal ,strategy for ,earth ,observation from ,space1 to understand and predict high-impact weather phenomena4 7#d7 ,facilitating the expansion and strengthening of partnerships with private sector entities to advance meteorological research1 communications1 and computing in collaboration with the ,earth system science1 service1 and stakeholder communities4 7#e7 ,sharing information regarding meteorological research improvement needs and science opportunities across relevant ,federal departments and agencies4 7#f7 ,providing advice to all relevant ,federal departments and agencies regarding potential collaborations and expected level of resources needed to maintain and operate the ,interagency ,council4 7#g7 ,enhancing communication and coordination and promoting sharing within relevant ,federal departments and agencies and across the ,interagency ,council4 7#h7 ,developing1 recruiting1 and sustaining a professional and diverse workforce for meteorological research and services4 7e7 ,data inventory ,the ,interagency ,council1 in coordination and avoidance of duplication with the ,united ,states ,group on ,earth ,observations1 shall promote data and metadata access and archive activities to increase accessibility1 interoperability1 and reusability by maintaining a data inventory of meteorological observations4 ,not less frequently than every two years for a period of #aj years beginning on the date of the enactment of this subsection1 the ,interagency ,council shall solicit updated information from private sector entities identifying current and near future sources of such data4 ,such data shall be made available to member departments and agencies under subsection 7a74 7f7 ,coordination office ,the ,interagency ,meteorological ,coordination ,office shall provide to the ,interagency ,council such administrative and logistical support as the ,interagency ,council may require1 as determined by the co-chairs4 7g7 ,cost share ,member departments and agencies of the ,interagency ,council specified under subsection 7a7 may provide reimbursable financial support to the ,interagency ,meteorological ,coordinating ,office to enhance cost-sharing and collaboration related to weather research and forecast innovation activities4 7h7 ,report ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection and annually thereafter until #bjbi1 the ,interagency ,council shall publish a report which identifies among member departments and agencies specified under subsection 7a7 the following3 7#a7 ,federal programs that use meteorological observations1 data sources1 and capabilities4 7#b7 ,federal programs that acquire such observations1 data1 and capabilities from private sector entities4 7#c7 ,advancements in meteorological data collection1 assimilation1 and forecasting that could improve ,federal programmatic operational capabilities4 7#d7 ,barriers to acquiring meteorological observations1 data sources1 and capabilities that could be used to better meet ,federal programmatic needs4 4 7b7 ,references ,any reference to the ,interagency ,committee for ,advancing ,weather ,services in any law1 rule1 regulation1 paper1 document1 map1 or other record of the ,united ,states shall be deemed to be a reference to the ,interagency ,council for ,advancing ,meteorological ,services4 #aac4 ,ocean observations ,subsection 7b7 of section #abcjd of the ,integrated ,coastal and ,ocean ,observation ,system ,act of #bjji 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cfjc7 is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#e7 ,ships of opportunity pilot program 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in coordination with the heads of relevant ,federal departments and agencies1 shall1 subject to relevant regulations and certifications1 maintain pilot programs or projects to contract with research or commercial ship operators for data collection and assess the potential costs1 benefits1 and viability of a network of ocean and atmospheric observing instruments operating on research or commercial ocean vessels1 including in the ,arctic1 in order to supplement the ,integrated ,coastal1 ,great ,lakes1 and ,ocean ,observation ,system in improving understanding of coastal and ocean systems and their relationships to human activities4 7,b7 ,standards and specifications ,the ,administrator shall ensure that data acquired through the pilot program established pursuant to subparagraph 7,a7 meets the most recent standards and specifications required for observation services and data as published pursuant to subsection 7c7 of section #cjb of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag4 7,c7 ,report ,not later than five years after the date of the enactment of this paragraph1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,transportation1 shall submit to ,congress a report on the requirements for a global network of ocean and atmospheric instruments operating on research or commercial ocean vessels for measurement and data transmission4 7,d7 ,sunset ,this paragraph shall terminate on the earlier of-- 7i7 ,september #cj1 #bjbi2 or 7ii7 one year after the date on which the report required under subparagraph 7,b7 is submitted by the ,administrator4 4 #aad4 ,consolidation of reports 7a7 ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended-- 7,a7 in section #ajb 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heab71 by striking subsection 7d72 7,b7 by amending section #aje 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heae7 to read as follows3 #aje4 ,weather research and development planning ,not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this section and not less frequently than every two years thereafter1 the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,assistant ,administrator for ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research1 and in coordination with the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service and the ,assistant ,administrator for ,satellite and ,information ,services1 shall issue a research and development and research to operations plan to maintain ,united ,states leadership in numerical weather prediction and forecasting that-- 7#a7 describes the forecasting skill and technology goals1 technology transfer plan1 and progress of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration in carrying out the program conducted under section #ajb2 7#b7 identifies and prioritizes specific research and development activities1 data collection and analysis1 predictive modeling1 demonstration of potential operational forecast application1 education1 training1 and performance metrics1 weighted to meet the operational weather and flood-event mission of the ,national ,weather ,service to achieve a weather-ready ,nation2 7#c7 describes how the program conducted under section #ajb will collaborate with ,federal agencies and departments1 international partners1 and stakeholders1 including the ,united ,states weather industry and academic partners1 and the role of each in advancing weather forecasting and communication2 7#d7 identifies1 through consultation with the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,united ,states weather industry1 and academic partners1 research necessary to advance the scientific understanding of weather processes and provide information to improve weather warning and forecast systems in the ,united ,states most effectively2 7#e7 describes the ongoing research projects of the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program1 the goals of those projects1 and those projects related to weather observations1 short-term weather1 or subseasonal forecasts within the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research that are closest to operationalization2 and 7#f7 describes how the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration is advancing community weather modeling4 2 7,c7 in section #djc 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hedc7-- 7i7 in subsection 7a71 by inserting the after ,director of2 and 7ii7 by amending subsection 7d7 to read as follows3 7d7 ,annual briefing ,not less frequently than once each year1 the ,under ,secretary shall brief the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives on participation in the program under subsection 7a7 and shall highlight any innovations that come from the interaction described in subsection 7b74 2 and 7,d7 by striking sections #djh through #daa and section #dad and redesignating sections #dab and #dac as sections #djh and #dji1 respectively4 7#b7 ,clerical amendments ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by striking the items relating to sections #djh through #dad and inserting the following new items3 ,sec4 #djh4 ,weather enterprise outreach4,sec4 #dji4 ,hurricane hunter aircraft4 4 7b7 ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,authorization ,act of #aiib ,the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,authorization ,act of #aiib 7,public ,law #ajb-efg7 is amended-- 7#a7 in section #ajf1 by striking subsection 7c7 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #aecg72 and 7#b7 in section #ajh 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hebj7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7i7 by striking paragraph 7#e72 and 7ii7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#f7 through 7#ab7 as paragraphs 7#e7 through 7#aa71 respectively2 7,b7 by striking subsection 7b72 and 7,c7 by redesignating subsection 7c7 as subsection 7b74 #aae4 ,precipitation forecast improvement program 7a7 ,in general ,title ,,vi of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heja et seq47 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating section #fjc as section #fjd2 and 7#b7 by inserting after section #fjb the following3 #fjc4 ,precipitation forecast improvement program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states weather industry1 other ,federal agencies1 and academic partners1 shall maintain a program to improve precipitation forecasting across timescales4 7b7 ,goal ,the goal of the program under subsection 7a7 shall be to provide more accurate1 reliable1 and timely precipitation forecasts across timescales through the development and application of a fully coupled ,earth system prediction model in order to reduce the loss of life or property related to precipitation extremes1 with a focus on the following3 7#a7 ,improving the understanding and prediction of precipitation extremes from a variety of weather systems1 including atmospheric rivers4 7#b7 ,evaluating and incorporating1 as appropriate1 innovative observations into operational monitoring and forecast systems to improve precipitation forecasts4 7#c7 ,improving earth system model predictions of precipitation extremes from atmospheric rivers1 tropical cyclones1 summer-time thunderstorms1 winter storms1 and other phenomena1 in coordination with relevant programs4 7#d7 ,enhancing research transition to operations through testbeds1 including the evaluation of physical and social science1 technology1 and other research to develop products and services for implementation and use by relevant stakeholders4 7#e7 ,incorporating social1 behavioral1 and economic sciences best practices into operations for more effective and actionable watch and warning products that help drive public safety and damage mitigation decisions in coordination with the programs established in accordance with this ,act4 7#f7 ,ensuring data and metadata management processes are in place to support data access and archive for long term research and operations among multiple partners4 7c7 ,activities ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary shall support research-to-operations work1 including relating to the following3 7#a7 ,implementing key strategies and following priorities and objectives outlined by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's ,precipitation ,prediction ,grand ,challenge ,strategy4 7#b7 ,improving the physical science1 operational modeling and tools1 and technology related to better forecasting precipitation extremes across timescales4 7#c7 ,improving the social1 behavioral1 risk1 communications1 and economic sciences related to vulnerabilities1 risk communication1 and delivery of information critical for reducing the loss of life or property related to extreme precipitation4 7#d7 ,conducting the research necessary to develop and deploy probabilistic weather forecast guidance technology relating to precipitation extremes in operational practice4 7#e7 ,enhancing the operational capacity of the ,national ,weather ,service to deliver decision support for increasing precipitation extremes4 7#f7 ,expanding computational resources to improve precipitation modeling4 7d7 ,annual budget ,the ,under ,secretary shall1 not less frequently than annually1 submit to ,congress a proposed budget corresponding with carrying out this section4 7e7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the ,sense of ,congress that improved precipitation forecasts should support improved water resource management and resilience to extreme water related events1 such as floods and drought1 which may include the use of enhanced streamflow prediction4 4 7b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by striking the item relating to section #fjc and inserting the following new items3 ,sec4 #fjc4 ,precipitation forecast improvement program4 ,sec4 #fjd4 ,definitions4 4 ,,ii ,enhancing ,federal ,weather ,forecasting and ,innovation #bja4 ,weather innovation for the next generation 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall establish a ,research1 ,development1 ,test1 and ,evaluation ,program 7in this section referred to as the ,program7 to ensure the continued performance of weather radar capabilities based on defined use needs and requirements1 including capabilities currently being developed4 7b7 ,requirements ,in carrying out the ,program1 the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,interagency ,council for ,advancing ,meteorological ,services1 shall-- 7#a7 partner with the private sector1 academia1 ,federal1 ,state1 and local government entities1 and any other entity the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate2 7#b7 identify1 evaluate1 and test existing or emerging technologies and solutions that improve radar coverage and performance1 including by mitigating the potential impact of interferences on weather radar2 7#c7 to the maximum extent practicable1 research additional solutions that could improve radar coverage and performance and mitigate the effects of interferences on weather radar1 such as-- 7,a7 signal processing algorithms1 including the capability to merge data from multiple radars1 including commercial radars1 and other supplemental data sources2 7,b7 short-term forecasting algorithms to improve weather and water-related forecasts and warnings2 7,c7 gap filling radars to improve radar coverage and provide supplemental or replacement observations in areas impacted by interferences on weather radar2 7,d7 solutions to replace or mitigate the effects of data contaminated by interferences on weather radar2 and 7,e7 solutions from electromagnetic sources2 and 7#d7 develop1 support1 or partner with developers to provide commercially viable technical mitigation solutions for interferences to weather radar capabilities that are compatible with the operational requirements of the weather radar system4 7c7 ,priority ,in carrying out subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize consideration of the following technology-based mitigation solutions3 7#a7 ,phased array weather radar systems4 7#b7 ,supplementing or replacing contaminated data with commercial radar data4 7#c7 ,the use of data from meteorological towers associated with the private sector1 or similar capabilities4 7#d7 ,the installation and provision of access to rain gauges4 7#e7 ,any other technology-based mitigation solution the ,under ,secretary determines could improve radar coverage by overcoming interferences1 beam blockage1 or ghost echoes4 7d7 ,report2 recommendation 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this section and annually thereafter until the ,program terminates pursuant to subsection 7e71 the ,under ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a report on the implementation of the ,program1 including an evaluation of each technology-based mitigation solution identified for priority consideration pursuant to subsection 7c71 and a recommendation regarding additional identification and testing of new technologies based on such consideration4 7#b7 ,final recommendation ,not later than five years after the date of the enactment of this section1 the ,under ,secretary shall provide to ,congress a recommendation on whether additional research1 testing1 and development through the ,program established under subsection 7a7 is needed1 and a determination of whether a cessation of field research1 testing1 development and evaluation under the ,program is appropriate4 7e7 ,termination ,the authority of the ,under ,secretary to carry out the ,program shall terminate on the earlier of-- 7#a7 ,september #cj1 #bjbi2 or 7#b7 one year after the date on which the final recommendation required under subsection 7d77#b7 is submitted by the ,under ,secretary4 7f7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,ghost echo ,the term ghost echo means radar signal reflectivity or velocity return errors in radar data due to the proximity of an interference4 7#b7 ,interference ,the term interference means any natural or human-built structure that affects a weather radar system1 including any wind turbine or building that could disrupt or limit the effectiveness of a weather radar system4 #bjb4 ,radar next program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service1 shall establish a program to be known as the ,radar ,next ,program 7in this section referred to as the program74 7b7 ,requirements ,in carrying out the program1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 develop performance and coverage requirements for the weather radar network of the ,united ,states1 including the territories of the ,united ,states2 7#b7 collaborate with the weather enterprise to determine potential solutions to update the weather radar network of the ,united ,states that meets the requirements developed under paragraph 7#a72 and 7#c7 develop a plan in accordance with subsection 7c74 7c7 ,plan 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall develop a plan to replace the ,next ,generation ,weather ,radar of the ,national ,weather ,service system in existence as of the data of the enactment of this ,act 7in this subsection referred to as the ,,nexrad system74 7#b7 ,elements ,the plan developed under this subsection shall seek to continue and improve weather radar coverage in the ,united ,states and its territories and include the following3 7,a7 ,estimates of quantifiable improvements in performance1 coverage1 and accuracy to be made from potential options for replacement of the ,,nexrad system4 7,b7 ,development of a proof-of-concept phased array radar to test and determine the specifications and requirements for such replacement4 7,c7 ,expected actions needed to implement the recommendations of the report published by the ,environmental ,information ,services ,working ,group of the ,science ,advisory ,board of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration in ,november #bjbc and entitled ,a ,,nesdis ,observing ,system ,backbone ,framework to assist in defining a radar backbone architecture that will best serve the ,united ,states4 7,d7 ,establishment of a weather surveillance radar testbed for the following3 7i7 ,evaluation of commercial radars with the potential to replace or supplement the ,,nexrad system4 7ii7 providing technical assistance for the use of small1 gap-filling radars with private and local partners in regions where geographical topography prevents the full use of large systems or in locations where such systems may not be commercially viable4 7,e7 ,consultation and input solicited from academia1 meteorologists1 emergency managers1 and public safety or utility officials regarding the specifications and requirements for replacement of the ,,nexrad system4 7,f7 ,prioritized locations for initial deployment of the system that will replace the ,,nexrad system4 7,g7 ,expected locations of the system that will replace the ,,nexrad system1 including sites located more than #ge miles away from an existing ,,nexrad system station and additional appropriate locations4 7,h7 ,expected or planned improvements to data available for weather and water-related forecasts and warnings from the system that will replace the ,,nexrad system4 7#c7 ,procurement deadline ,the ,under ,secretary shall take such actions as may be necessary to ensure the plan developed under this subsection is fully implemented and executed by not later than ,september #cj1 #bjdj4 7d7 ,radar-as-a-,service 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary may partner or contract with entities outside of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to fill data gaps in weather radar coverage using diverse weather radars and data assimilation technologies in order to-- 7,a7 supplement data gaps in weather radar coverage1 including at low levels and wide areas1 in existence as of the date of the enactment of this ,act2 7,b7 ensure the continued performance of the ,united ,states' weather radar network2 and 7,c7 better detect significant precipitation and severe weather over a greater area across a population4 7#b7 ,considerations ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary may consider-- 7,a7 partnering or contracting with entities that have participated in the testbed described in subsection 7c77#c71 the ,national ,mesonet ,program1 or ,cooperative ,research and ,development ,agreements2 and 7,b7 weather camera systems and services1 including in consultation with the ,federal ,aviation ,administration1 as viable technologies to supplement weather forecasting and prediction needs4 7e7 ,updates to ,congress ,the ,under ,secretary shall provide to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate periodic updates on the implementation of this section4 #bjc4 ,data voids in highly vulnerable areas of the ,united ,states 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service and the ,administrator of the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency1 in consultation with the ,united ,states weather industry1 academic partners1 and in accordance with activities implemented through existing regional atmospheric1 coastal1 ocean1 and ,great ,lakes observing systems1 shall carry out activities to ensure equitable and comprehensive weather observation coverage1 impact-based decision support services1 and emergency information sharing in the ,united ,states1 including the following 7#a7 ,identifying regions in the ,united ,states and the territories of the ,united ,states that are under-observed or highly vulnerable to weather impacts that threaten human life1 health1 and the economy4 7#b7 ,identifying any challenges that contribute to the lack of operations under paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,increasing weather observations and developing new weather observational capabilities1 such as urban heat island mapping campaigns1 with respect to the regions identified under paragraph 7#a74 7#d7 ,establishing or supporting testbeds and deployments of decision-support services to ,federal1 ,state1 and local emergency operations centers to develop and integrate new weather1 water1 and climate observation or emergency information sharing tools1 with respect to the regions identified under paragraph 7#a74 7#e7 ,to the maximum extent practicable1 advancing weather and water forecasting and climate modeling capabilities for the regions identified under paragraph 7#a74 7#f7 ,undertaking workforce development efforts for emergency management officials and meteorologists in the regions identified under paragraph 7#a74 7#g7 ,using data-void-filling observations to better resolve extreme rainfall in complex topography4 7#h7 ,contributing to a national integrated heat health information system4 7b7 ,interagency partnership ,to support pilot projects ,in carrying out this section1 the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service and in collaboration with the ,administrator of the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency1 shall establish an interagency partnership to support pilot projects that accelerate coordination and use of localized weather1 water1 and climate data and impact-based communications in infrastructure and emergency management decisions by ,federal1 ,state1 and local officials4 7c7 ,priority ,at least one pilot project under subsection 7b7 shall address key science challenges to using mesonet data in local decision making and development of new tools and training for owners and operators of critical infrastructure 7as such term is defined in section #ajaf7;e7 of ,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e7771 such as dams1 energy generation and distribution facilities1 nuclear power plants1 and transportation networks4 #bjd4 ,atmospheric rivers forecast improvement program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states weather industry and academic partners and in coordination with the precipitation forecast improvement program under section #fjc of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag1 as added by section #aae of this ,act1 shall establish an atmospheric river forecast improvement program 7in this section referred to as the program74 7b7 ,goal ,the goal of the program shall be to reduce the loss of life and property and economic losses from atmospheric rivers through the research1 development1 and extension of accurate1 effective1 and actionable forecasts and warnings including by-- 7#a7 establishing atmospheric river forecast skill metrics that include assessing the benefits of dynamical modeling1 data assimilation1 and machine learning improvements in the probabilistic forecasts of landfall location1 extreme wind and precipitation1 and cascading impacts2 7#b7 developing an atmospheric river forecast system within a unified forecast system1 and advancing next-generation coupled modeling systems1 with the capability of providing seasonal to short-range atmospheric river forecasts that include forecast of snow accumulation and other hydrologic components2 7#c7 advancing scientific understanding of the roles of atmospheric rivers in subseasonal to seasonal precipitation and probabilistic predictions at subseasonal and seasonal scales2 7#d7 developing tools and improved forecast products to predict periods of active or inactive atmospheric river landfalls and inland penetration over the ,united ,states with a focus on addressing stakeholder and public needs related to perceiving1 comprehending1 and responding to atmospheric river forecast improvements2 7#e7 enhancing the transition of research to operations through the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's testbeds1 including the evaluation of physical and social science1 technology1 and other research to develop products and services for implementation and use by relevant stakeholders2 and 7#f7 incorporating into atmospheric river modeling and forecasting1 as appropriate1 social1 behavioral1 risk1 communication1 and economic sciences4 7c7 ,innovative observations1 data assimilation1 and modeling ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the program periodically examines1 tests1 and evaluates the value of incorporating innovative observations1 data1 and measurements with respect to the improvement of atmospheric river analysis1 modeling1 forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings4 7d7 ,program plan ,not later than #bgj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of the ,air ,force or the ,commander of the #ecrd ,weather ,reconnaissance ,squadron of the ,air ,force ,reserve ,command1 shall develop a plan that details the specific research1 development1 data acquisition1 partnerships with the weather industry and academic partners1 and technology transfer activities1 as well as corresponding resources1 and timelines1 necessary to achieve the goal of the program under subsection 7b74 ,such plan shall be made available to the public on release4 7e7 ,annual budget for plan submittal ,after the development of the plan pursuant to subsection 7d71 the ,under ,secretary shall1 not less frequently than annually1 submit to ,congress a proposed budget corresponding with the activities identified in such plan4 7f7 ,improved modeling ,in carrying out the program1 the ,under ,secretary may-- 7#a7 develop1 test1 and operationalize prototype high-resolution ,atmospheric ,river ,analysis and ,forecasting ,system models through research and operations partnerships with institutions of higher education and other partners outside the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration2 7#b7 enhance data assimilation of current and new satellite and ocean observations that is useful for atmospheric river analysis and forecasting predictions2 7#c7 improve data processing techniques related to atmospheric river analysis and forecasting predictions2 7#d7 use artificial intelligence and machine learning methods as applicable to atmospheric river analysis and forecasting predictions2 7#e7 ensure the surface and subsurface observations of the ocean meet the needs of atmospheric river analysis and forecasting predictions on different time scales2 and 7#f7 to the maximum extent practicable1 improve or establish baseline weather monitoring services in areas that have historically experienced1 or are predicted to experience1 atmospheric rivers4 7g7 ,conduct of reconnaissance ,the ,under ,secretary shall acquire and sustain adequate aircraft1 scientific equipment1 and personnel to meet mission requirements of the ,national ,hurricane ,operations ,plan and the ,national ,winter ,seasons ,operation plan1 and to-- 7#a7 ensure atmospheric river air reconnaissance observations are available throughout the expected seasons of tropical cyclones and atmospheric rivers2 7#b7 to the maximum extent practicable and in accordance with paragraph 7#d71 ensure data and information collected are made available for research and operations purposes2 7#c7 participate in research and operations partnerships that guide flight planning and use research methods to improve and expand the capabilities and effectiveness of atmospheric river reconnaissance over time2 7#d7 develop data management strategies to ensure that data and metadata are adequately stewarded1 maintained1 and archived2 and 7#e7 undertake such other additional activities as the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of the ,air ,force1 considers appropriate to improve and grow the hurricane hunter and atmospheric river reconnaissance mission4 7h7 ,improved atmospheric river hazard communication ,the ,under ,secretary may conduct reach and development activities in coordination with the program established under section #djc7;a7 to-- 7#a7 as appropriate1 develop and refine methods to categorize the intensity of weather and oceans hazards1 including tropical cyclones and atmospheric rivers1 on a quantitative scale and the effectiveness of such scale in hazard communication2 7#b7 develop best practices for communication of atmospheric river events and hazards across regions of the ,united ,states2 7#c7 gather information from areas prone to hurricanes and atmospheric rivers regarding levels of knowledge and preparedness1 including responses to early forecasts and warnings by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration2 and 7#d7 explore strategies and effectiveness of communicating that hurricane and atmospheric river events are beneficial at lower intensities versus hazardous at higher intensity4 #bje4 ,coastal flooding and storm surge forecast improvement program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states weather industry and academic partners1 shall establish a coastal flooding and storm surge forecast improvement program 7in this section referred to as the program74 7b7 ,goal ,the goal of the program shall be to reduce the loss of life or property from coastal flooding1 including high tide flooding1 and storm surge events through the development and extension of accurate1 effective1 actionable1 and probable forecasts and warnings4 7c7 ,priority ,in implementing the program1 the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize activities that carry out the following3 7#a7 ,improving understanding and capacity for real-time operational prediction of the ocean's role in coastal flooding1 including high tide flooding1 and storm surge events4 7#b7 ,improving the capacity to mitigate1 adapt to1 or prevent the impacts of coastal flooding1 including high tide flooding1 and storm surge events1 including by improving the understanding and capacity of coastal communities to perceive1 comprehend1 and respond to forecast information4 7#c7 ,incorporating data from in situ distributed sensors into predictive models and re-analyses4 7#d7 ,developing probabilistic coastal flooding1 including high tide flooding1 and storm surge estimates to complement worst-case scenario estimates1 including for use in long-term planning and risk management by ,states1 ,tribal governments1 localities1 and emergency managers in coordination with the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency1 as appropriate4 7#e7 ,establishing skill metrics for coastal inundation forecasting that quantify the benefits of dynamical modeling1 data assimilation1 and machine learning improvements in the probabilistic forecast of coastal flooding1 including high tide flooding1 and storm surge risk and impacts4 7#f7 ,improving operational regional storm surge models and1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 wave prediction models to enhance probabilistic guidance and messaging4 7d7 ,innovative observations and modeling ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the program periodically examines1 tests1 and evaluates the value of incorporating enhanced model physics1 hybrid dynamical or machine learning based prediction systems1 and innovative observations1 such as novel sensor technologies1 observation networks1 crewed or uncrewed systems1 and hosted instruments on commercial aircrafts1 vessels1 and satellites1 with respect to the improvement of coastal flooding1 including high tide flooding1 and storm surge forecasts1 predictions1 and warnings4 7e7 ,program plan ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall develop a plan that details the specific research1 development1 data acquisition1 and technology transfer activities1 as well as corresponding resources and timelines1 necessary to achieve the goal of the program under subsection 7b74 7f7 ,annual budget for plan submittal ,after the development of the plan pursuant to subsection 7e71 the ,under ,secretary shall1 not less frequently than annually1 submit to ,congress a proposed budget corresponding with the activities identified in such plan4 #bjf4 ,aviation weather and data innovation 7a7 ,program ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain an airborne observation program 7in this section referred to as the program7 for the acquisition of atmospheric sensor data and the deployment of critical atmospheric sensors1 including in partnership with the weather enterprise4 7b7 ,activities ,the program shall include activities that carry out the following3 7#a7 ,procurement of weather data available from commercial aircraft1 as determined by the ,under ,secretary4 7#b7 ,acquisition of additional vertical profile observations that provide spatial and temporal density1 as determined by the ,under ,secretary4 7#c7 ,analysis of procured data when incorporated into the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's unified forecast system in order to provide improved forecast information for aircraft4 7c7 ,budget ,the ,under ,secretary shall1 not less frequently than annually1 submit to ,congress a proposed budget corresponding with the activities described in subsection 7b71 including and analysis of activities that can be complemented by ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration aircraft4 7d7 ,authorization of appropriations ,from amounts authorized to be appropriated for the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag1 there shall be available not more than #aj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi to carry out the program4 7e7 ,aviation weather and turbulence forecasting ,the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall include turbulence events1 icing conditions1 or other phenomena in the forecasting capabilities of the ,aviation ,weather ,center and the ,center ,weather ,service ,units1 and deliver operational forecasts with consistent1 timely1 and accurate weather and turbulence information for the airspace system and the protection of lives and property4 7f7 ,coordination ,in carrying out subsection 7e71 the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall give consideration to recommendations from the ,administrator of the ,federal ,aviation ,administration in furtherance of section #ddgbj of title #di1 ,united ,states ,code1 and improve weather and turbulence forecasting capabilities by-- 7#a7 designating or establishing within the ,federal ,government an interagency working group to determine weather and environmental data or observation requirements1 needs1 and potential solutions related to aviation weather and turbulence modeling or forecasting2 7#b7 identifying current and future potential data gaps related to turbulence events or phenomena that can-- 7,a7 identify or inform route specific flight planning2 and 7,b7 be supplemented or filled by commercial aviation tools2 7#c7 transitioning research initiatives and pilot programs1 including a pilot program of instrumentation for observing greenhouse gases and other atmospheric factors deployed on commercial aircraft and support for the evaluation of a sustained observing network using such instrumentation1 into operations that improve the forecasting capabilities of the ,aviation ,weather ,center2 7#d7 developing and deploying improved probabilistic aviation weather forecast guidance technology2 and 7#e7 updating interagency agreements as appropriate1 including to address reimbursable agreements4 7g7 ,next generation aviation research ,paragraph 7#c7 of section #ajb7;b7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heab7;b771 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,f7 and 7,g7 as subparagraphs 7,g7 and 7,h71 respectively2 and 7#b7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,e7 the following new subparagraph3 7,f7 aviation weather phenomena1 including atmospheric composition and turbulence1 to improve scientific understanding and forecast capabilities for the airspace system2 4 7h7 ,aviation information dissemination ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the ,aviation ,weather ,center is able1 to the maximum extent possible1 to disseminate in a timely manner full resolution aviation weather data1 forecasts1 and information to meet the needs of aviation users4 7i7 ,provision of weather services to the ,federal ,aviation ,administration 7#a7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the aviation weather services provided to the ,federal ,aviation ,administration by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration are critical to the functions of the ,federal ,aviation ,administration and the safety of the flying public4 7#b7 ,interagency agreement ,the ,under ,secretary and the ,administrator of the ,federal ,aviation ,administration shall enter into or otherwise participate in an interagency agreement for a period of not less than #e years under which the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration provides weather services to the ,federal ,aviation ,administration4 7#c7 ,briefings ,not less frequently than once per quarter through #bjcj1 the ,under ,secretary and the ,administrator of the ,federal ,aviation ,administration shall provide a briefing to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives on the status of the provision by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration of weather services to the ,federal ,aviation ,administration and the interagency agreement under paragraph 7#b7 #bjg4 ,,nesdis partnership program1 transition program1 and operational planning 7a7 ,partnership program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,assistant ,administrator of the ,national ,environmental ,satellite1 ,data1 and ,information ,service 7in this section referred to as the ,assistant ,administrator7 shall maintain a partnership program to enhance engagement with the private sector1 academia1 and other ,federal departments and agencies 7in this section referred to as the partnership program74 7#b7 ,administration ,the ,assistant ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 shall administer broad agency announcements and other transactional authority or contracting mechanisms1 on an annual or more frequent basis1 to support the partnership program4 7b7 ,transition program 7#a7 ,in general ,to support the development of next-generation technologies1 missions1 data systems1 spacecraft1 and instrument design1 the ,assistant ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 shall maintain a program to transition selected awards from research and study phases into demonstration 7in this section referred to as the transition program74 7#b7 ,considerations ,in selecting awardees for demonstrations under the transition program1 the ,assistant ,administrator shall consider technologies1 missions1 data systems1 spacecraft1 and instrument design that-- 7,a7 improve upon the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's satellite architecture2 7,b7 have a direct impact on implementing the recommendations of the ,administration's #bjah ,satellite ,observing ,system ,architecture ,study entitled1 ,building a ,plan for ,,noaa's #bast ,century ,satellite ,observing ,system2 and 7,c7 meet current or future mission requirements4 7c7 ,operational planning ,in carrying out the transition program 1 the ,assistant ,administrator shall monitor demonstration phase progress and plan for promising results that meet mission requirements to be transitioned into the operational satellite architecture of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7d7 ,annual plan ,not less frequently than annually until #bjbi1 the ,assistant ,administrator shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate an annual plan that outlines the progress made in the partnership program under subsection 7a71 the transition program under section 7b71 and operational planning under subsection 7c74 7e7 ,authorization of appropriations ,from amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,national ,environmental ,satellite1 ,data1 and ,information ,service1 there shall be available #bj1jjj1jjj for fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi to carry out to this section4 #bjh4 ,advanced weather interactive processing system 7a7 ,in general ,not later than ,september #cj1 #bjcj1 the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service1 shall develop a strategy to transition operations of the ,advanced ,weather ,interactive ,processing ,system to an operational cloud-based environment in order to enable a more nimble1 flexible1 and mobile workforce4 7b7 ,services ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure that the ,advanced ,weather ,interactive ,processing ,system in an operational cloud-based environment referred to in subsection 7a7 provides impact-based decision support services to emergency managers at the ,federal1 ,state1 local1 and ,tribal levels1 and continues to provide the following services3 7#a7 ,integrating and displaying forecast data1 including meteorological1 hydrological1 climate1 ocean1 satellite1 and radar data1 for ,national ,weather ,service field offices and national centers4 7#b7 ,acquiring and processing observational data from sensors and local sources4 7#c7 ,providing an interactive communications system1 including any relevant capabilities of the existing satellite broadcast network1 to connect relevant ,national ,weather ,service employees and sites4 7#d7 ,initiating the dissemination of weather1 water1 marine1 ecological1 climate1 aviation1 and space warnings and forecasts in a rapid and highly reliable manner4 7c7 ,elements ,the transition of operations required under subsection 7a7 may include the following3 7#a7 ,establishment or support of testbeds1 pilot projects1 and functional testing activities to facilitate remote evaluation and automated testing4 7#b7 ,coordinated training efforts needed for ,federal and non-,federal users and operators of the ,advanced ,weather ,interactive ,processing ,system in an operational cloud-based environment referred to in subsection 7a74 7#c7 ,evaluation of bandwidth requirements to achieve a quality user experience4 7#d7 ,installation of circuits to reduce lapses in network operations and support backup functions4 7#e7 ,establishment of a cloud-based1 remotely accessible repository for data referred to in subsection 7b77#b74 7#f7 ,development and deployment of virtualized systems to replace physical hardware at operational sites4 7#g7 ,evaluation of commercial cloud providers1 including hybrid approaches1 to meet mission needs4 7#h7 ,development1 testing1 demonstration1 evaluation1 and operationalization of forecast and warning products1 consistent with the mission and scientific expertise of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7d7 ,updates to ,congress ,the ,under ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate periodic updates on the implementation of this section4 7e7 ,continued innovation ,nothing in this section may be construed as prohibiting the development of new forecast capabilities1 sub-systems1 or implementing modeling advancements on the operational computing systems of the ,administration4 #bji4 ,reanalysis and reforecasting ,the ,under ,secretary may support reanalysis and reforecasting activities within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 including through weather testbeds of the ,administration1 for-- 7#a7 improving weather forecasts1 extreme weather predictions1 and weather and climate datasets2 and 7#b7 serving as training data for artificial intelligence and machine learning data-driven models4 #baj4 ,national ,weather ,service workforce 7a7 ,hiring ,the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall annually submit to the ,under ,secretary and ,congress an assessment of the milestones1 timelines1 and service level expectations required for the expeditious hiring and timely on-boarding of employees of the ,national ,weather ,service4 ,each such assessment may include the following3 7#a7 ,recommendations to outsource hiring to any entity other than the ,national ,weather ,service in order to meet such milestones1 timelines1 and service level expectations4 7#b7 ,determinations of the number of staff and designated positions required at each forecasting office to provide services to protect lives and property in the geographic region of responsibility4 7b7 ,health and morale assessment ,the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall contract or continue to partner with an entity other than the ,national ,weather ,service to conduct an assessment of medical impacts1 including stress and long-term health impacts1 on ,national ,weather ,service employees related to required rotating shift work4 ,such assessment may include options for mitigating such impacts on employees and recommendations for improving benefits related to required rotating shift work4 7c7 ,role of the ,director ,notwithstanding the results of the assessment under subsection 7a71 the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall establish service level standards based on staffing levels4 7d7 ,designation of service hydrologist 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service may designate at least one service hydrologist at each ,weather ,forecast ,office of the ,national ,weather ,service4 7#b7 ,limitation ,nothing in this section may be construed to authorize or require a change in the authorized number of full time equivalent employees of the ,national ,weather ,service or otherwise result in the employment of any additional employees4 7#c7 ,performance by other employees ,notwithstanding paragraphs 7#d7 and 7#e71 the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service may assign the performance of the responsibilities described in this subsection to such other staff of the ,national ,weather ,service as the ,director considers appropriate 7#d7 ,responsibilities ,in order to increase impact-based decision support services1 each service coordination hydrologist designated under paragraph 7#a7 shall1 with respect to hydrology1 carry out the following3 7,a7 ,be responsible for providing service to the geographic area of responsibility covered by the ,weather ,forecast ,office at which the service coordination hydrologist is employed to help ensure that users of products and services of the ,national ,weather ,service can respond effectively to improve outcomes from flood events4 7,b7 ,liaise with users of products and services of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 such as emergency managers1 the public1 academia1 media outlets1 users in the hydropower1 transportation1 recreation1 and agricultural communities1 and forestry1 land1 fisheries1 and water management interests1 to evaluate the adequacy and usefulness of the products and services referred to in subparagraph 7,a71 including extended range streamflow forecasts1 water supply forecasts1 drought outlooks1 flood inundation mapping1 coastal inundation1 and flood warnings4 7,c7 ,collaborate with the ,national ,water ,center1 ,river ,forecast ,centers1 other ,weather ,forecast ,offices1 the ,national ,integrate ,drought ,information ,system1 ,administration offices1 and ,federal1 ,state1 local1 and ,tribal government agencies1 as the ,director considers appropriate1 in developing1 proposing1 and implementing plans to develop1 modify1 or tailor such products and services to improve the usefulness of such products and services4 7,d7 ,engage in interagency partnerships with ,federal1 ,state1 local1 and ,tribal government agencies to explore the use of forecast-informed reservoir operations to reduce flood risk and inform decisions related to water resources management4 7,e7 ,ensure the maintenance and accuracy of flooding and water resource management partner call lists1 appropriate office hydrologic service policy or procedures1 and other hydrologic information or dissemination methodologies or strategies4 7,f7 ,work closely with ,federal1 ,state1 local1 and ,tribal emergency and floodplain management agencies1 and other agencies relating to disaster management1 to ensure a planned1 coordinated1 and effective preparedness and response effort4 7#e7 ,additional responsibilities ,a service coordination hydrologist designated under this subsection may1 with respect to hydrology-- 7,a7 work with a ,state agency to develop plans for promoting more effective use of products and services of the ,national ,weather ,service throughout the ,state concerned2 7,b7 identify priority community preparedness objectives2 7,c7 develop plans to carry out the responsibilities described in paragraph 7#d72 and 7,d7 conduct flooding event preparedness planning and citizen education efforts with and through various ,state1 local1 and ,tribal government agencies and other disaster management-related organizations4 7e7 ,pilot projects 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall-- 7,a7 perform pilot projects for transformational services related to decision support services and technology1 transitioning data and services to the cloud1 provision of on-site decision support for emergency management operations1 and transition to and communication of probabilistic models1 forecasts1 and hazard information2 and 7,b7 conduct a study to assess the capabilities needed to scale those pilot projects toward a new1 more efficient and effective operations model4 7#b7 ,sunset ,the authority under paragraph 7#a7 shall terminate two years after the date of the enactment of this ,act4 #baa4 ,artificial intelligence for weather forecasting 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,artificial intelligence ,the term artificial intelligence-- 7,a7 has the meaning given that term in section #ejjb of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idja72 and 7,b7 includes machine learning1 neural networks1 and natural language processing4 7#b7 ,artificial intelligence weather model ,the term artificial intelligence weather model means a weather model based primarily on artificial intelligence technology to project future ,earth system conditions based on machine learning using weather forecasting training datasets4 7#c7 ,curate ,the term curate1 with respect to a dataset1 means-- 7,a7 to collect and maintain the dataset-- 7i7 to ensure and document its quality2 and 7ii7 to provide metadata on its provenance2 and 7,b7 to update the dataset periodically1 as appropriate and practicable4 7#d7 ,numerical weather model ,the term numerical weather model means a weather model based primarily on coupled ,earth ,system processes that uses numerical computation to forecast future ,earth system conditions4 7#e7 ,observational data ,the term observational data means data and metadata from actual observations of environmental conditions1 including remote sensing and in situ platforms4 7#f7 ,synthetic data ,the term synthetic data means data produced from a model or statistical method in order to fill gaps in observational data4 7#g7 ,weather forecasting training dataset ,the term weather forecasting training dataset-- 7,a7 means a dataset that contains continuous global observational data and synthetic data for ,earth system variables relevant to weather forecasting1 aviation weather1 marine weather1 and hydrology and water management2 and 7,b7 may include model reanalysis and forecasts initialized through a data assimilation system4 7b7 ,purpose ,the purpose of this section is to-- 7#a7 improve accuracy and timeliness of weather1 water1 and space weather forecasts and effective dissemination of critical information2 7#b7 strengthen analytic capacity to inform resource deployments in response to and to mitigate harm from weather1 water1 and space weather hazards through the mandated exploration and use of artificial intelligence by ,federal agencies2 7#c7 strengthen public-private partnerships to accelerate adoption and outcomes of the use of artificial intelligence in response to and to mitigate such harm2 and 7#d7 strengthen public-private partnerships in highly technical1 high-risk1 and high-reward fields related to weather1 water1 and space weather forecasts4 7c7 ,earth system forecasting and information delivery 7#a7 ,training datasets ,not later than #d years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,director of the ,national ,center for ,atmospheric ,research1 the ,interagency ,council on ,advancing ,meteorological ,services1 other appropriate ,federal advisory committees as determined by the ,under ,secretary1 and such other technical experts as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate1 shall develop and curate comprehensive weather forecasting training datasets with relevant ,earth system data1 quality information1 and metadata necessary for weather forecasting4 7#b7 ,use of existing datasets ,in order to speed the development of the weather forecasting training datasets required under paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary shall assess1 and to the greatest extent practicable build on1 existing ,earth system reanalysis datasets of the ,federal ,government4 7#c7 ,artificial intelligence weather model 7,a7 ,global model ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with appropriate ,federal advisory committees as determined by the ,under ,secretary1 may develop and test a global weather model based on artificial intelligence technologies utilizing data of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to the extent possible4 7,b7 ,regional and local models ,in addition to a global weather model under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,under ,secretary may experiment with regional and local weather models based on artificial intelligence technologies4 7#d7 ,use of artificial intelligence to disseminate information ,in coordination with an artificial intelligence weather model or models developed under paragraph 7#c71 the ,under ,secretary may explore the use of artificial intelligence to enhance the dissemination of information with respect to weather and evaluate the effectiveness of communication for improved public understanding and preparedness4 7#e7 ,continued support for observations1 basic research1 and numerical weather models ,notwithstanding the requirements of this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall continue to support and advance the activities of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration-- 7,a7 to collect and acquire traditional and novel observational data relevant for artificial intelligence and numerical weather1 water1 and space weather forecasting2 7,b7 to advance research on the ,earth system and numerical weather model forecasting2 7,c7 to develop and advance numerical ,earth system modeling for predictions2 7,d7 to develop weather model data post-processing techniques2 and 7,e7 to improve data assimilation techniques4 7#f7 ,observing system coverage ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary may evaluate the use of cost functions in data-driven machine learning model training to balance inequities in observing system coverage and data poor areas4 7#g7 ,uncertainty quantification research ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary may develop uncertainty quantification research for the purpose of accurate environmental risk and hazard communications of probabilistic predictions and forecasts4 7#h7 ,report ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and not less frequently than every #b years thereafter through #bjce1 the ,under ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report on the activities conducted under this subsection4 7d7 ,advanced artificial intelligence applications for weather and information delivery ,the ,under ,secretary shall explore advanced applications of artificial intelligence to improve weather forecasts and information delivery1 such as by-- 7#a7 improving data assimilation2 7#b7 accounting for coupled ,earth system processes2 7#c7 using artificial intelligence weather models to generate ensemble forecasts to more accurately assess flow-dependent forecast uncertainties2 and 7#d7 improving impact-based decision support to diverse users and communities for greater societal benefits based on those forecasts4 7e7 ,technical assistance on use of artificial intelligence weather1 water1 and space weather models 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall provide-- 7,a7 technical assistance1 data access1 and support for forecasters1 scientists1 social scientists1 and engineers to test and evaluate the use and effectiveness of the artificial intelligence models of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 including within the testbeds of the ,administration2 7,b7 best practices on providing forecasts based on outputs from artificial intelligence weather models and numerical weather models1 or a combination thereof2 and 7,c7 support for emergency managers to make operational decisions based on outputs from artificial intelligence weather models and numerical weather models1 or a combination thereof4 7#b7 ,assessment of weather models 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall support the development of a common framework for the assessment of numerical weather models and artificial intelligence weather models by comparing model output and observational data over a period of time in the past through the use of such methodologies as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate4 7,b7 ,best practices ,in carrying out this paragraph1 the ,under ,secretary may develop and disseminate best practices in collaboration with-- 7i7 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and the ,department of ,energy2 7ii7 academic and research institutions2 and 7iii7 the private sector4 7#c7 ,technical assistance ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary may provide technical assistance1 best practices1 and support required under paragraph 7#a7 through the ,national ,weather ,service4 7#d7 ,independent study on the impacts of artificial intelligence weather1 water1 and space weather models ,the ,under ,secretary may enter into an agreement with the ,national ,academy of ,sciences or another entity as determined appropriate by the ,under ,secretary to assess the impacts of artificial intelligence weather models on the weather enterprise and make recommendations to improve the integration of such models in operational forecasting4 7f7 ,partnerships for transformational innovation 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary may explore novel structures for partnerships with private1 academic1 and international entities for research and development of transformative innovation in weather forecasting and other environmental forecasts-- 7,a7 to further the understanding of weather1 water1 and space weather1 and their societal impact2 7,b7 to advance the science of weather and water forecasting1 including seasonal and subseasonal forecasting2 and 7,c7 to develop1 evaluate1 and transition artificial intelligence weather1 water1 and hazard forecasting applications to operations4 7#b7 ,co-investment ,subject to applicable law1 the ,under ,secretary may consider and adopt novel co-investment strategies with the private academic and international sectors to carry out paragraph 7#a71 including-- 7,a7 non-,federal ,government contributions to resource and support high-risk1 high-return research and development in environmental forecasting1 data science1 artificial intelligence1 and related fields2 7,b7 shared rights to intellectual property from research and development activities under this subsection2 and 7,c7 other approaches to sharing resources and results under this subsection4 7g7 ,availability of dataset 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall develop and implement a plan to make available to the public1 at no cost and subject to applicable law and policy1 the following3 7,a7 ,operational artificial intelligence weather models developed by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7,b7 ,artificial intelligence weather models that are not operational models1 including experimental and developmental models1 as the ,under ,secretary determines appropriate4 7,c7 ,applicable information and documentation for artificial intelligence weather models described in subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b71 including a description of intended model outputs4 7,d7 ,subject to subsection 7i71 all data owned by the ,federal ,government and data that the ,under ,secretary has the legal right to redistribute that are associated with artificial intelligence weather models made available to the public pursuant to the plan and used in operational forecasting by the ,administration1 including-- 7i7 relevant metadata2 and 7ii7 data used for operational artificial intelligence weather models used by the ,administration4 7#b7 ,accommodations ,in developing and implementing the plan under paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary may make such accommodations as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate to ensure that the public release of any artificial intelligence weather model1 information1 documentation1 or data pursuant to the plan does not jeopardize-- 7,a7 national security2 7,b7 intellectual property or redistribution rights1 including under titles #ag and #ce1 ,united ,states ,code2 7,c7 any trade secret or commercial or financial information subject to section #eeb7;b77#d7 of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code2 7,d7 any models or data that are otherwise restricted by contract or other written agreement2 or 7,e7 the mission of the ,administration to protect lives and property4 7#c7 ,report 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a report1 in both unclassified and classified form1 regarding the risks to the economic and intellectual security of the ,united ,states from foreign countries of concern through access by those countries to weather data in the ,united ,states4 7,b7 ,elements ,the report required under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include-- 7i7 a full analysis of the national1 intellectual1 and economic security implications for the ,united ,states with respect to intellectual property theft or cyber or human espionage through access to weather data2 and 7ii7 conclusions of the ,under ,secretary and recommendations for legislative and administrative action1 if any4 7,c7 ,foreign country of concern defined ,in this paragraph1 the term foreign country of concern has the meaning given that term in section #iija of the ,william ,m4 7,mac7 ,thornberry ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjba 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #dfea74 7h7 ,retention of federal government expertise ,subject to applicable law1 the ,under ,secretary may consider novel methods to recruit1 retrain1 and retain expert personnel to support activities under this section1 including by-- 7#a7 using methods to be competitive with salaries outside the ,federal ,government2 7#b7 developing staff exchange programs and training programs2 and 7#c7 leveraging diverse hiring strategies4 7i7 ,protection of national security interests 7#a7 ,in general ,notwithstanding any other provision of this section1 the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 as appropriate1 may withhold models or data used under this section if the ,under ,secretary determines doing so to be necessary to protect the national security interests of the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to supersede any other provision of law governing the protection of the national security interests of the ,united ,states4 #bab4 ,composition of the atmosphere and atmospheric observations 7a7 ,assessments ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report that includes the following3 7#a7 ,an identification of ,federal observation capabilities and data gaps related to the composition of ,earth's atmosphere1 including the troposphere and stratosphere4 7#b7 ,an analysis of ,federal efforts that advance scientific understanding of the effects on the ,earth's radiation budget of direct or indirect actions that may change the composition of ,earth's atmosphere4 7#c7 ,the current and projected use of ground based1 space based1 and maritime based remote and in situ sensing capabilities1 autonomous and manned aerial platforms1 and other commercially available technologies and platforms of opportunity to accelerate research and increase observations and monitoring of ,earth's atmosphere4 7#d7 ,recommendations for the adaptation or expansion of technologies and platforms identified under paragraph 7#c74 7#e7 ,an identification and prioritization of additional observation and analysis capabilities needed to ensure comprehensive monitoring that detects future changes in atmospheric composition4 7b7 ,considerations ,in preparing an assessment required by subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary shall consider and use1 as appropriate1 reports and studies conducted by ,federal agencies1 the ,national ,research ,council1 or other entities4 7c7 ,pilot projects 7#a7 ,pilot projects ,the ,under ,secretary may conduct pilot projects of atmospheric composition observational systems and platforms including-- 7,a7 the use of atmospheric observing instruments on commercial and uncrewed aircraft2 7,b7 the use of atmospheric and oceanic observing instruments on uncrewed ocean surface platforms or deployed on commercial or other nondedicated ocean vessels2 and 7,c7 in-situ observation capability to conduct regular atmospheric observations of the troposphere and stratosphere4 7#b7 ,consultation and coordination ,the ,under ,secretary shall consult and coordinate with relevant ,federal agencies to develop processes for the appropriate deployment of systems and platforms pursuant to pilot projects required by paragraph 7#a74 7d7 ,authority ,to enter into agreements ,notwithstanding any other provision of law1 the ,under ,secretary may enter into agreements1 to the extent necessary to carry out this section1 with governmental and nongovernmental entities-- 7#a7 for the purchase of atmospheric composition data from commercial providers2 7#b7 for the hosting of observational instruments on government or private platforms2 and 7#c7 to leverage data from international platforms as appropriate4 7e7 ,definition of appropriate committees of ,congress ,in this section1 the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7#a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate2 and 7#b7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 #bac4 ,project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall conduct a project to improve forecasts of coastal marine fog4 7b7 ,goal ,the goal of the project required under subsection 7a7 is to enhance vessel safety and reduce the economic impact of coastal marine fog events1 with a focus on-- 7#a7 increasing the number of marine-based observations through additional ,federal platforms and commercially acquired observations in locations where impacts from marine fog and reduced visibility have major safety and economic impacts1 including through the use of-- 7,a7 buoys2 7,b7 meteorological stations measuring visibility1 temperature1 dewpoint1 and wind speed and direction as a stand-alone or co-located with water level sensors1 such as those that are part of the physical oceanographic observation system program of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration2 7,c7 stationary platforms or drifting instruments2 7,d7 vessels2 7,e7 unmanned systems2 7,f7 remote sensing technologies1 including rapid refresh hyperspectral satellite imagery2 and 7,g7 advanced algorithms that extract actionable information from observational data1 including early detection and regular monitoring of marine fog2 7#b7 advancing geographic coverage1 resolution1 skill1 and accuracy of marine fog modeling1 including1 when feasible1 additional locations and advancements in marine channel forecast capability2 7#c7 improving communication of marine fog advisories by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration2 7#d7 communicating risks posed by hazardous marine fog events in a way that maximizes informed decision making by the public2 and 7#e7 providing decision support services based on environmental information that is actionable to the recipient of a marine fog advisory4 7c7 ,stakeholder engagement ,in implementing the project required under subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary shall meet with public and private stakeholders regarding the planning1 development1 and implementation of the project4 7d7 ,tribal engagement ,the ,under ,secretary shall meet with ,indian tribes 7as defined in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd77 regarding the planning1 development1 and implementation of the project required under subsection 7a74 7e7 ,project plan ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall develop a plan for the project required under subsection 7a7 that details the specific research1 development1 and technology transfer activities1 as well as corresponding resources and timelines1 necessary to achieve the goal set forth under subsection 7b74 ,,iii ,commercial ,weather and ,environmental ,observations #cja4 ,commercial ,data ,program ,the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by striking section #cjb 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hecb7 and inserting the following3 #cjb4 ,commercial ,data ,program 7a7 ,program establishment ,the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the heads of appropriate offices of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 shall maintain a ,commercial ,data ,program to coordinate and execute acquisition of weather and environmental data and services from private sector entities for operational use4 7b7 ,program elements ,the ,under ,secretary may acquire satellite1 ground-based1 airborne1 or marine-based in situ1 remote sensing1 or crowd-sourced data and services for operational use relating to weather and environmental forecasting and modeling4 7c7 ,coordination and collaboration ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the ,commercial ,data ,program coordinates1 collaborates1 and ensures access to data across the ,administration1 including among the following3 7#a7 ,the ,national ,mesonet ,program4 7#b7 ,the ,aircraft ,based ,observation ,program4 7#c7 ,the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system1 including the ,national ,coordinated ,soil ,moisture ,monitoring ,network4 7#d7 ,the ,national ,integrated ,flood ,information ,system4 7#e7 ,the ,global ,ocean ,monitoring and ,observing ,program4 7#f7 ,the ,national ,data ,buoy ,center4 7#g7 ,the ,uncrewed ,systems ,operation ,center4 7#h7 ,the ,ocean ,exploration ,program4 7#i7 ,any other program or office the ,under ,secretary determines appropriate4 7d7 ,standards and specifications ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this section and on a continuous basis thereafter1 the ,under ,secretary shall publish data1 metadata1 and service standards and specifications required for acquired observation services and data for use1 licensing1 and attribution to ensure quality1 impact1 and compatibility of such services and data with ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration modeling capabilities1 meteorological situational awareness1 and forecasting4 7e7 ,prioritization ,in acquiring data and services from private sector entities1 the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize obtaining surface-based1 airborne-based1 space-based1 and coastal- and ocean-based data1 metadata1 and services for operational use from entities that participate in the ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program or other programs of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration that acquire commercial data or observations4 7f7 ,,noaa ,observing ,systems and ,fleet ,councils 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,observing ,systems ,council and the ,,noaa ,fleet ,council 7in this subsection referred to as the ,councils7 to provide strategic recommendations and guidance regarding the prioritization1 design1 development1 acquisition1 upgrading1 lifecycle1 performance monitoring1 and retiring of major components of observing systems and portfolios1 including related to the acquisition of commercial weather and environmental data and services4 7#b7 ,line office coordination ,the ,councils shall ensure coordination and adherence to uniform policies by providing guidance to all line offices of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration engaged in observing systems portfolio design1 technology1 development1 execution1 and operation4 7#c7 ,committee ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain a ,committee within the ,councils to develop and approve procedural directives1 guides1 or handbooks relevant to management of data and information1 including commercial data1 and coordinate data governance and management practices across the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to promote consistent processes4 7g7 ,authorization of appropriations 7#a7 ,in general ,there are authorized to be appropriated #ajj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi to carry out this section4 7#b7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,under ,secretary should seek to enter into contracts or other appropriate agreements that enable the expenditure1 to the maximum extent practicable1 of amounts authorized to be appropriated or otherwise made available in a fiscal year to carry out this section4 7h7 ,data and hosted payloads ,notwithstanding any other provision of law1 the ,secretary of ,commerce may enter into agreements relating to the following3 7#a7 ,the purchase of weather and environmental data and services through contracts with private sector commercial data and service providers4 7#b7 ,the placement of weather instruments on co-hosted ,federal1 international1 or private space1 airborne1 maritime1 or ground platforms4 7i7 ,ombudsman ,the ,under ,secretary shall establish or designate at least one ,ombudsman position within the ,commercial ,data ,program to implement the recommendations of the ,observing ,system ,council under subsection 7e7 related to commercial weather and environmental data and services acquisitions4 ,such an ,ombudsman shall act as the liaison between private sector data and service providers and the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration with respect to receiving recommendations and resolving issues related to engagement1 testing1 contracting1 or other areas related to the ,administration's efforts to acquire commercial weather and environmental data and services4 7j7 ,report ,not later than two years after the date of the enactment of this section1 the ,under ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report evaluating the activities and needed authorities related to data governance and management practices1 including acquisition1 collection1 documentation1 quality control1 validation1 reprocessing1 storage1 retrieval1 dissemination1 and long-term preservation activities across all ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration line1 staff1 and corporate offices4 4 #cjb4 ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program ,the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by striking section #cjc 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hecc7 and inserting the following new section3 #cjc4 ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program 7a7 ,program establishment ,within the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb1 there shall1 to the maximum extent practicable1 be a ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program to engage with external partners and providers to test and develop shared standards and methodologies for quality1 use1 licensing1 and attribution of observation services and data1 and to ensure quality1 impact1 and compatibility of such services and data with ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration modeling capabilities1 meteorological situational awareness1 and forecasting4 ,the ,program is authorized to test and evaluate all sources and types of observation services1 imagery1 products1 and data from private sector entities1 including new and innovative surface-based1 airborne-based1 space-based1 and coastal- and ocean-based data1 metadata1 and model components4 7b7 ,criteria ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure that data acquired through the ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program described in subsection 7a7 meets the most recent standards and specifications required for observation services and data as published pursuant to section #cjb7;c74 7c7 ,pilot contracts ,the ,under ,secretary shall1 through an open competition1 regularly enter into pilot contracts with private sector entities capable of providing observation services and data referred to in subsection 7a7 that meet the standards and specifications published pursuant to section #cjb7;c7 for so providing such services and data in a manner that allows the ,under ,secretary to calibrate and evaluate such services and data for use in ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration activities4 7d7 ,assessment of viability ,the ,under ,secretary shall annually assess and submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a summary of the pilot contracts entered into pursuant to subsection 7c71 an assessment of the extent to which such contracts meet the standards and specifications published pursuant to section #cjb7;c71 and any additional information determined necessary related to the following3 7#a7 ,the viability of integrating observation services and data from private sector entities into ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration forecasts and models4 7#b7 ,the expected value added or improvements from such services and data if integrated into ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration forecasts and models4 7#c7 ,the accuracy1 quality1 timeliness1 validity1 reliability1 usability1 information technology security1 and cost-effectiveness of obtaining observation services and data from private sector entities4 7#d7 ,if the ,under ,secretary determines it is viable to integrate such services and data into the forecasts and models of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the steps to integrate1 not later than one year after the date of the determination1 such services and data into operational use by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration or any associated challenges in doing so4 7e7 ,obtaining future data ,if an assessment under subsection 7d7 demonstrates the ability of services and data from private sector entities to meet the standards and specifications published pursuant to section #cjb7;c71 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 when cost-effective and feasible1 obtain observation services and data from private sector entities through the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb2 7#b7 as early as possible in the acquisition process for any future ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration satellite system1 determine whether there is a suitable1 cost-effective1 commercial capability available or that will be available to meet applicable instrument1 spacecraft1 or system requirements before completion of the critical design phase of such planned satellite system2 7#c7 if the ,under ,secretary determines under paragraph 7#b7 that a suitable1 cost-effective1 commercial capability is or will be available1 determine whether and how such capability is in the national interest if developed as a solely governmental system2 and 7#d7 submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report detailing any determinations made under paragraphs 7#b7 and 7#c74 7f7 ,authorization of appropriations ,from amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to section #cjb to carry out such section1 not less than #ae percent of such amounts each fiscal year are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section4 4 #cjc4 ,contracting authority and avoidance of duplication ,title ,,iii of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #cjd4 ,contracting authority and avoidance of duplication 7a7 ,in general ,consistent with the authorities of other ,federal agencies that contract and partner with private sector entities1 including under section #cijc of title #da1 ,united ,states ,code1 the ,under ,secretary is authorized to use contracting mechanisms and enter into agreements that use multiyear contract options4 ,in carrying out sections #cjb and #cjc1 the ,under ,secretary shall1 to the greatest extent possible-- 7#a7 enter into year-long or multiyear contracts using contracting mechanisms that foster resiliency of service and data purchased2 7#b7 partner and contract with multiple observation service and data providers simultaneously to reduce risks of data gaps and improve mission robustness2 and 7#c7 use authorities1 such as additional forms of transaction agreements under section #cja1 that allow for innovative partnerships with private sector entities4 7b7 ,savings clause ,nothing in this title may be construed as infringing on the acquisition authority or strategy of ,federal entities authorized under title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,unnecessary duplication ,in meeting the requirements under this title1 the ,under ,secretary shall avoid unnecessary duplication between the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 other ,federal departments and agencies1 and private sector entities1 including relating to corresponding expenditures of funds and employment of personnel by-- 7#a7 coordinating existing activities with other civilian ,federal departments and agencies which provide1 contract1 or partner with private sector entities to acquire1 weather and environmental observations and data2 and 7#b7 coordinating and soliciting weather and environmental observations and data requirements and needs from other civilian ,federal departments and agencies to be acquired by the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb4 7d7 ,fair compensation for interagency needs ,the ,under ,secretary1 to the maximum extent practicable1 shall ensure that ,federal departments and agencies utilizing services and data under sections #cjb and #cjc fairly compensate the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 or the non-,federal entities providing such services or data1 as appropriate1 for use4 4 #cjd4 ,data assimilation1 management1 and sharing practices ,title ,,iii of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag1 as amended by section #cjc of this ,act1 is further amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #cje4 ,data assimilation1 management1 and sharing practices 7a7 ,data standards ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the weather enterprise1 shall seek to establish consistent and open data and metadata standards to support open science1 including simple cloud-optimized data formats and application programming interfaces that support findability1 accessibility1 usability1 and preservability4 7b7 ,data infrastructure 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,chief ,information ,officer and appropriate program heads1 shall consolidate and arrange data infrastructure needs to ensure efficient and effective data transfer between ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration offices by considering the use of commercial cloud technologies1 or similar hybrid structures1 to host and transmit data and metadata4 7#b7 ,federal partnerships ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary may partner with the heads of other ,federal departments and agencies1 including the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,department of ,energy1 the ,united ,states ,space ,force1 the ,united ,states ,coast ,guard1 the ,united ,states ,navy1 the ,federal ,aviation ,administration1 the ,united ,states ,forest ,service1 the ,environmental ,protection ,agency1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 to collocate data with joint utility and support a transition to cloud architectures1 including commercial cloud networks4 7#c7 ,long term data archive ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the long-term management1 maintenance1 and stewardship of archival data and metadata acquired through the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb is conducted within the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information4 7c7 ,data sharing with the weather enterprise 7#a7 ,in general ,to the greatest extent practicable1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 continue to ensure the delivery of data through sound and robust infrastructure1 such as data sharing capabilities of the industry proving grounds2 and 7,b7 make accessible to members of the weather enterprise that are ,united ,states persons data that is-- 7i7 not subject to redistribution contract permissions2 or 7ii7 purchased through the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb or shared through international government partners4 7#b7 ,data assimilated into models or forecasts ,if data described in paragraph 7#a77;,b7 must be assimilated into numerical weather prediction models or automated forecast guidance to satisfy terms of a redistribution contract1 the ,under ,secretary shall make accessible without delay to members of the weather enterprise that are ,united ,states persons the numerical weather prediction model or automated forecast guidance output1 as the case may be4 7d7 ,data assimilation 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb1 the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,prediction1 the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information1 the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research1 and any other relevant offices within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 shall establish a program to test1 advance1 and implement data assimilation methods1 which may include artificial intelligence1 machine learning1 data pre- and post-processing1 efficient input and output1 and next-generation algorithms4 7#b7 ,data assimilation university consortium ,through the program established pursuant to paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary shall establish a consortium consisting of institutions of higher education 7as such term is defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja77 to address critical research challenges for data assimilation and foster a growing data assimilation workforce4 ,the consortium shall seek to-- 7,a7 solve critical research issues for data assimilation through innovative research2 7,b7 increase significantly the number of students1 including ,ph4,d4 candidates and other graduate level students1 in data assimilation2 7,c7 use modern software and frameworks1 such as the ,joint ,effort for ,data ,assimilation ,integration1 or emerging technologies1 such as artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques1 to conduct data assimilation research and development and facilitate research- to- operations efforts to improve weather modeling and prediction2 7,d7 identify and prioritize critical research areas in data assimilation and facilitate operations to research efforts2 7,e7 establish and enable an effective collaboration infrastructure between ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration facilities1 such as laboratories1 centers1 or joint agency institutes1 and the research community1 including a mechanism for external partners to host ,administration employees2 and 7,f7 establish mechanisms to enable all members of the consortium to archive and access data required to support the work under this subsection4 7#c7 ,coordination ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and its associated activities focus on research-to-operations and operations-to-research efforts1 including by coordinating and collaborating with the ,joint ,center for ,satellite ,data ,assimilation4 7#d7 ,data assimilation1 management1 and sharing practices security ,the activities authorized under this subsection shall be conducted in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7enacted as division ,b of ,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 7e7 ,study on data management 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of the enactment of this section1 the ,under ,secretary shall seek to enter into an agreement with a non-,federal entity to conduct a study on matters concerning data practices and management needs at the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 ,in conducting the study1 the outside entity shall-- 7,a7 assess the costs and benefits of current data management needs for observational and operational mission requirements2 7,b7 develop recommendations regarding how to make more robust and cost-effective the data portfolio of the ,administration2 7,c7 identify data infrastructure technologies and needs that are essential to the performance of modeling systems of the ,administration2 7,d7 assess the sharing needs and practices of the ,administration for both internal and external dissemination2 7,e7 develop recommendations for methods of data infrastructure sharing1 including data purchased from the commercial sector2 and 7,f7 develop recommendations for data standards1 formats1 and protocols to support artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques4 7#b7 ,authorization of appropriations ,of amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb1 #a1jjj1jjj shall be available to carry out the study under paragraph 7#a7 to remain available until expended4 4 #cje4 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag is amended by striking the items relating to sections #cjb and #cjc and inserting the following new items3 ,sec4 #cjb4 ,commercial ,data ,program4,sec4 #cjc4 ,commercial ,data ,pilot ,program4,sec4 #cjd4 ,contracting authority and avoidance of duplication4,sec4 #cje4 ,data assimilation1 management1 and sharing practices4 4 ,,iv ,communicating ,weather to the ,public #dja4 ,definitions ,in this title3 7#a7 ,hazardous weather or water events ,the term hazardous weather or water events means weather or water events that have a high risk of loss of life or property1 including the following3 7,a7 ,severe storms1 such as hurricanes and short-fused1 small-scale hazardous weather or hydrologic events produced by thunderstorms1 including large hail1 damaging winds1 tornadoes1 and flash floods4 7,b7 ,winter storms1 such as freezing or frozen precipitation 7including freezing rain1 sleet1 and snow71 or combined effects of freezing or frozen precipitation and strong winds4 7,c7 ,other weather hazards1 such as extreme heat or cold1 wildfire1 drought1 dense fog1 high winds1 and river1 coastal1 or lakeshore flooding4 7#b7 ,institution of higher education ,the term institution of higher education has the meaning given such term in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja74 7#c7 ,,noaa ,weather ,radio ,the term ,,noaa ,weather ,radio means the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration ,weather ,radio ,all ,hazards network4 7#d7 ,public cloud ,the term public cloud means an information technology model in which service providers make computing services1 including compute and storage and develop-and-deploy environments and applications1 available on-demand to organizations and individuals over the public internet or other means that allows for the widest dissemination of information4 7#e7 ,watch2 warning 7,a7 ,in general ,the terms watch and warning1 with respect to a hazardous weather or water event1 mean products issued by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 intended for consumption by the general public1 to alert the general public to the potential for or presence of such event and to inform action to prevent loss of life or property4 7,b7 ,exception ,the terms watch and warning do not include technical or specialized meteorological or hydrological forecasts1 outlooks1 or model guidance products4 #djb4 ,hazardous weather or water event risk communication 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain and improve the system of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration by which the risks of hazardous weather and water events are communicated to the general public1 with the goal of informing action and encouraging response to prevent loss of life and property4 7b7 ,hazard risk communication improvement and simplification 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain a hazard risk communication program 7in this subsection referred to as the ,program71 for the purposes of simplifying and improving the communication of hazardous weather and water event risks4 7#b7 ,terminology ,the ,program shall identify1 eliminate1 or modify unnecessary1 redundant1 or confusing terms for hazardous weather and water event communications and add new terminology1 as appropriate4 7#c7 ,communications improvement ,the ,program shall improve the form1 content1 and methods of hazardous weather and water event communications to more clearly inform action and increase the likelihood that the public takes such action to prevent the loss of life or property4 7#d7 ,evaluations ,the ,program shall1 in coordination with the performance branch of the ,national ,weather ,service1 develop metrics for that branch to track and evaluate the degree to which hazardous weather and water event communications inform action and encourage response4 7#e7 ,support plan ,the ,program shall develop a plan for the purpose of supporting the activities described in paragraph 7#c74 ,the plan shall be periodically updated and informed by internal and extramural research and the results of the evaluation of hazardous weather and water event communications conducted under paragraph 7#d74 7#f7 ,methods ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,program shall develop and implement recommendations that-- 7,a7 are based on the best and most recent understanding from social1 behavioral1 risk1 and communication science research2 7,b7 are validated by social1 behavioral1 risk1 and communication science1 taking into account the importance of methods that support reproduction and replication of scientific studies1 use of rigorous statistical analyses1 and1 as applicable1 data analysis supported by artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies2 7,c7 account for the needs of various demographics1 vulnerable populations1 and geographic regions2 7,d7 account for the differences between various types of weather and water hazards2 7,e7 respond to the needs of ,federal1 ,state1 and local government partners and media partners2 and 7,f7 account for necessary changes in the infrastructure1 technology1 and protocols for creating and disseminating ,federally operated watches and warnings4 7#g7 ,coordination ,the ,program shall coordinate with-- 7,a7 ,federal partners1 including ,national ,laboratories1 cooperative institutes1 and regional integrated sciences and assessments programs2 7,b7 ,state and local government partners2 7,c7 ,indian ,tribes2 7,d7 institutions of higher education2 and 7,e7 media partners4 7#h7 ,timeliness and consistency ,the ,program shall develop best practices and guidance for ensuring timely and consistent communication across public facing platforms that disseminate hazardous weather and water event information4 #djc4 ,hazard communication research and engagement 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary may maintain1 as appropriate1 a program to-- 7#a7 modernize the development and communication of risk-based1 statistically reliable1 probabilistic hazard information1 with the goal of informing appropriate responses to hazardous weather or water events2 and 7#b7 improve the fundamental social1 behavioral1 economic1 risk1 and communication science relating to communications1 including by means of collecting voluntary data1 regarding hazardous weather or water events4 7b7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary shall coordinate and communicate with ,states1 ,tribal governments1 localities1 and emergency managers regarding research priorities and results4 7c7 ,pilot program for tornado hazard communications 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,,vortex-,,usa program under section #ajc of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heac71 as amended by section #ajc of this ,act1 and in collaboration with one or more eligible institutions 7or consortia thereof71 shall establish a pilot program for tornado hazard communications to test incorporation of research into operations with respect to tornadoes4 7#b7 ,eligible institution defined ,in this subsection1 the term eligible institution means any of the following3 7,a7 ,a historically ,black college or university located in an area of persistent poverty that is subjected to frequent severe weather1 such as tornadoes1 hurricanes1 and floods4 7,b7 ,an institution of higher education in close proximity to a ,weather ,forecast ,office of the ,national ,weather ,service4 7d7 ,pilot study for hurricane hazard communication 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in coordination with the hurricane forecast improvement program under section #ajd of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #head71 as amended by section #ajd of this ,act1 and in collaboration with one or more eligible institutions 7or consortia thereof71 shall enter into an agreement with an appropriate entity1 as determined by the ,under ,secretary1 to conduct a pilot study using a mixed methods approach1 including surveys1 focus groups1 and interviews1 to gather information from hurricane prone population areas regarding the levels of preparedness of such areas for hurricanes or in response to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration's early forecasts and warnings4 7#b7 ,elements ,the pilot study required under paragraph 7#a7 shall evaluate the following3 7,a7 ,possession of disaster supplies4 7,b7 ,evacuation decisions4 7,c7 ,levels of trust of tropical cyclone information and hurricane path prediction from various sources4 7,d7 ,access to tropical cyclone and hurricane forecasts and warnings in such study participant's first language4 7,e7 ,any reasoning or deliberation by the individuals interviewed as part of the study that may hinder the ability or willingness of the individuals to evacuate4 7#c7 ,additional criteria ,the ,under ,secretary shall publish the methodology of the pilot study described in paragraph 7#a7 on a publicly accessible website of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#d7 ,eligible institution defined ,in this subsection1 the term eligible institution means any of the following3 7,a7 ,an institution of higher education1 nonprofit organization1 or other institution located in a jurisdiction eligible to participate in the program under section #aac of the ,national ,science ,foundation ,authorization ,act of #aihh 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfb;g74 7,b7 ,an institution of higher education1 nonprofit organization1 or other institution located in proximity to a ,weather ,forecast ,office of the ,national ,weather ,service4 7e7 ,hurricane social1 behavioral1 and economic sciences 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall carry out research and development activities to improve how the public receives1 interprets1 responds to1 and values hurricane forecasts and warnings4 7#b7 ,elements ,in conducting activities under paragraph 7#a71 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 conduct a comprehensive review of the manner by which the public receives1 interprets1 responds to1 and makes decisions regarding hurricane forecasts and warnings1 including-- 7i7 how weather observations1 downstream models1 and processes affect the decision tools or products derived from hurricane forecasts and warnings2 7ii7 how hurricane forecasts and warnings generated by decision tools and products are used by emergency managers1 governments1 and other users to benefit the public and stakeholder groups2 7iii7 how past experiences with hurricanes impact the decision making of the general public2 7iv7 how the source of such hurricane forecasts and warnings affects interpretation2 7v7 how tropical cyclone forecasts and warnings are received and interpreted by the general public2 7vi7 how understanding of and response to hurricane forecasts and warnings varies across demographic groups1 including the elderly1 people with disabilities1 and other vulnerable populations2 7vii7 the effect of language barriers on the accessibility of hurricane forecasts and warnings2 and 7viii7 how understanding of and response to such hurricane forecasts and warnings varies across geographic areas1 including rural1 urban1 and suburban areas2 7,b7 identify communication data gaps based on the review conducted pursuant to subparagraph 7,a72 7,c7 carry out research1 including data collection and baseline assessments1 in coordination with the hurricane forecast improvement program under section #ajd of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #head71 as amended by section #ajd of this ,act1 to evaluate and quantify the economic value of extending lead times of tropical cyclone and hurricane forecasts and warnings1 including identifying the most affected or vulnerable populations and potential impacts to those populations of extending leads times2 7,d7 using the post-storm surveys and assessments conducted under section #djf of this ,act to conduct retrospective or ex ante assessments of previous hurricane forecasts and warnings to better understand the key components of such forecasts and warnings that affected actions or initiated behavior changes2 7,e7 conduct cost- benefit analyses of forecasts and warnings improvement alternatives developed through the hurricane forecast improvement program under section #ajd of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #head71 as amended by section #ajd of this ,act2 and 7,f7 conduct assessments of the risk to the elderly for pre-1 during1 and post-storm periods in regions and communities with significant elderly populations1 including retirement communities4 #djd4 ,national ,weather ,service communications improvement 7a7 ,improvement of ,,nws instant messaging service ,the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall improve the instant messaging service used by personnel of the ,national ,weather ,service by implementing1 not later than ,october #a1 #bjbg1 a commercial off-the-shelf communications solution that replaces the instant messaging service commonly referred to as ,n,w,s,chat4 7b7 ,requirements ,the communications solution implemented under this section shall-- 7#a7 be hosted on the public cloud2 and 7#b7 satisfy requirements set forth by the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service to ensure such solution-- 7,a7 best accommodates future growth2 7,b7 performs successfully with increased numbers of users2 7,c7 is easy to use for the majority of users2 and 7,d7 is similar to systems already in commercial use4 7c7 ,funding ,from amounts made available for ,operations1 ,research1 and ,facilities1 the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service shall allocate not more than #c1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbg to carry out this section4 #dje4 ,,noaa ,weather ,radio modernization 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall1 to the maximum extent practicable1 expand coverage of the ,,noaa ,weather ,radio and ensure its reliability4 ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 maintain support for existing systems serving areas not covered by or having poor quality cellular service2 7#b7 ensure consistent maintenance and operations monitoring1 with timely repairs to broadcast transmitter site equipment and antennas2 7#c7 enhance the ability to amplify ,non-,weather ,emergency ,messages via ,,noaa ,weather ,radio as necessary2 and 7#d7 acquire additional transmitters as required to expand coverage to rural and underserved communities1 units of the ,national ,park ,system1 and ,national ,recreation ,areas4 7b7 ,modernization initiative ,to the maximum extent practicable1 the ,under ,secretary shall modernize ,,noaa ,weather ,radio to ensure its capabilities and coverage remain valuable to the public4 ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 upgrade telecommunications infrastructure of ,,noaa ,weather ,radio to accelerate the transition of broadcasts to internet protocol-based communications over non-copper media2 7#b7 accelerate software upgrades to the ,advanced ,weather ,interactive ,processing ,system1 or any relevant system successors1 in order to implement partial county notifications and alerts2 7#c7 enhance accessibility and usability of ,,noaa ,weather ,radio data and feeds with feedback from relevant stakeholders1 including the private sector2 7#d7 develop options1 including satellite backup capability and commercial provider partnerships1 for ,,noaa ,weather ,radio continuity of service in the event of ,weather ,forecast ,office outages2 7#e7 research and develop alternative options1 including microwave capabilities1 to transmit ,,noaa ,weather ,radio signals to transmitters that are remote or do not have internet protocol capability2 and 7#f7 transition critical applications to the ,integrated ,dissemination ,program1 or any relevant program successors4 7c7 ,priority ,in carrying out subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize practices1 capabilities1 and technologies recommended in accordance with the assessment under subsection 7d7 to maximize the accessibility of ,,noaa ,weather ,radio1 particularly in remote and underserved areas of the ,united ,states4 7d7 ,assessment for management and distribution ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall complete an assessment of access to ,,noaa ,weather ,radio4 ,in conducting such assessment1 the ,under ,secretary shall take into consideration and provide recommendations regarding the following3 7#a7 ,the need for continuous1 adequate1 and operational real-time broadcasts of the ,,noaa ,weather ,radio in both urban and rural areas4 7#b7 ,input from relevant stakeholders on the compatibility of ,,noaa ,weather ,radio data with third party platforms that provide online services1 such as websites and mobile device applications1 or provide ,,noaa ,weather ,radio access4 7#c7 ,the manner by which existing or new management systems may promote consistent1 efficient1 and compatible access to ,,noaa ,weather ,radio4 7#d7 ,the ability of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to aggregate real-time broadcast feeds at one or more central locations4 7#e7 ,effective coordination between agencies with responsibilities relating to emergencies and natural disasters4 7#f7 ,the potential effects of an electromagnetic pulse or geomagnetic disturbance on ,,noaa ,weather ,radio4 7#g7 ,any other function or element the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate4 #djf4 ,post-storm surveys and assessments 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall perform one or more post-storm surveys and assessments following every hazardous weather or water event determined by the ,under ,secretary to be of sufficient societal importance to warrant a post-storm survey and assessment4 7b7 ,coordination ,the ,under ,secretary shall coordinate with ,federal1 ,state1 and local governments1 private entities1 and relevant institutions of higher education 7or a consortia thereof7 when conducting post-storm surveys and assessments under this section to optimize data collection1 sharing1 integration1 archiving1 and access1 as appropriate for research needs4 7c7 ,data availability ,the ,under ,secretary shall make the appropriate data obtained from each post-storm survey or assessment conducted under this section available to the public as soon as practicable after conducting each such survey or assessment4 7d7 ,improvement ,in carrying out this section1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 examine the role of uncrewed aerial and marine systems in data collection during post-storm surveys and assessments conducted under this section2 7#b7 identify gaps in tactics and procedures and update such tactics and procedures to enhance the efficiency and reliability of data obtained from post-storm surveys and assessments2 7#c7 to the maximum extent practicable1 increase the number of post-storm community impact studies1 particularly among under-observed1 underserved1 or highly vulnerable populations1 including-- 7,a7 surveying-individual responses2 7,b7 conducting reviews of the accuracy of prior risk evaluations2 7,c7 evaluating the efficacy of prior mitigation activity2 and 7,d7 gathering survivability statistics2 and 7#d7 as appropriate1 integrate community-based1 social1 behavioral1 risk1 communication1 and economic sciences elements into existing post-storm surveys and assessments1 including elements related to the efficacy of forecast and warning information that was shared with the public1 barriers that affected the ability of the public to take action1 and any challenges with respect to messaging about the hazardous weather or water event4 7e7 ,support for employees ,the ,under ,secretary shall provide training1 resources1 and access to professional counseling to support the emotional and mental health and well-being of employees conducting post-storm surveys and assessments under this section4 7f7 ,exemption ,subchapter ,i of chapter #ce of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 shall not apply to the collection of information during a survey or assessment conducted under subsection 7a74 #djg4 ,government ,accountability ,office report on alert dissemination for hazardous weather or water events 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report that examines the information technology infrastructure of the ,national ,weather ,service1 specifically regarding the system for timely public notification via alerts and updates regarding hazardous weather or water events4 7b7 ,elements ,the report required by subsection 7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,an analysis of the information technology infrastructure of the ,national ,weather ,service1 including software and hardware capabilities and limitations1 including an examination of server and data storage methods1 broadband1 data management1 and data sharing4 7#b7 ,an identification of secondary and tertiary fail-safes for the timely distribution to the public of notifications via alerts and updates regarding hazardous weather or water events4 7#c7 ,a determination of the extent to which public notifications via alerts and updates regarding hazardous weather or water events have been delayed and an identification of possible improvements or corrective measures to address latency in the notification process4 7#d7 ,an assessment of whether collaboration with other ,federal departments and agencies1 ,states1 or private entities could reduce delays in notifications to the public4 7#e7 ,a description of actions being undertaken to better identify critical steps in public notification via alerts and updates for hazardous weather or water events that may be vulnerable to disruption or failure in the event of communication1 technologic1 or computational failure4 7#f7 ,the geographical differences in availability and effectiveness of rural systems1 including an estimated number of rural areas affected by unreliable or unavailable systems and barriers to obtain or upgrade such systems4 #djh4 ,data collection management and protection 7a7 ,data collection ,the ,under ,secretary may collect social1 behavioral1 and economic data1 including data relating to ,federal communication of hazardous weather or water events and the public response to such communications4 ,where appropriate1 the ,under ,secretary shall encourage the collection of secondary data1 purchase data1 or partner with the private sector to obtain data4 7b7 ,data management ,the ,under ,secretary shall establish and maintain a central repository system for the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration for data related to the communication of and related public response to hazardous weather or water events1 including data developed or received pursuant to this title4 7c7 ,protection of data ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure that data is collected1 managed1 and used by the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration in accordance with legal1 regulatory1 and contractual obligations1 including chapter #ca of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 and the ,foundations for ,evidence-,based ,policymaking ,act of #bjah 7,public ,law #aae-dce74 7d7 ,digital watermarking ,the ,under ,secretary shall develop methods to reduce the likelihood of unauthorized tampering with online public notifications of hazardous weather or water events1 such as developing digital watermarks4 7e7 ,policies and procedures ,the ,under ,secretary shall establish policies and procedures for the collection1 archiving1 and managing of data related to community response1 including the response of effected or vulnerable populations1 to hazardous weather or water events4 ,v ,improving ,weather ,information for ,agriculture and ,water ,management #eja4 ,weather and climate information in agriculture and water management ,section #agfb of the ,food ,security ,act of #aihe 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heba7 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7c7 to read as follows3 7c7 ,functions 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 conduct and support research to improve understanding of subseasonal to seasonal predictability for temperature1 precipitation1 and other ,earth system variables and applications2 7,b7 collect and use data to make usable1 reliable1 and timely foundational forecasts of subseasonal-to-seasonal temperature and precipitation2 7,c7 support the advancement of multi-model ensemble forecast systems and forecast verification and evaluation capacity1 including by-- 7i7 developing advanced coupled data assimilation methods using robust ,earth system observational data2 7ii7 developing improved coupled subseasonal-to-seasonal ensemble prediction systems2 7iii7 improving exchanges and interactions between datasets across different models and ,earth system observations to increase model accuracy of local relationships between and drivers of ocean1 land1 snow1 and ice observations2 and 7iv7 developing data management strategies to support operations and research activities2 7,d7 leverage existing research and models from the weather and ,earth system enterprises to improve the forecasts under subparagraph 7,b72 7,e7 accelerate the operationalization of emerging modeling technologies developed to support and assist the cross development of fully coupled subseasonal-to-seasonal forecast systems1 including during collaborations with other agencies and entities2 7,f7 determine and provide information on how subseasonal-to-seasonal temperature and precipitation may relate to-- 7i7 droughts2 7ii7 fires2 7iii7 tornadoes2 7iv7 hurricanes2 7v7 floods1 storm surges1 and coastal inundation2 7vi7 heat waves and marine heat waves2 7vii7 winter storms1 snowpack1 and permafrost thaw2 7viii7 sea ice conditions2 and 7ix7 other high impact weather or relevant weather disasters4 2 7#b7 by amending subsection 7h7 to read as follows3 7h7 ,subseasonal to seasonal forecasting pilot projects 7#a7 ,establishment ,the ,under ,secretary shall establish not fewer than #b pilot projects1 in accordance with paragraph 7#b71 within the ,united ,states ,weather ,research ,program of the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to support improved subseasonal to seasonal precipitation forecasts for-- 7,a7 water management in areas of the ,united ,states in which there is-- 7i7 a high level of drought2 and 7ii7 a reliance on reservoirs for water storage2 and 7,b7 agriculture in the central ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,objectives ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the following3 7,a7 ,a pilot project under subparagraph 7,a7 of paragraph 7#a7 addresses key science challenges to improving forecasts and developing related products for water management1 including the following3 7i7 ,improving operational model resolution1 both horizontal and vertical1 to resolve issues associated with mountainous terrain1 such as intensity of precipitation and relative fraction of rain versus snow precipitation4 7ii7 ,improving modeling of interstate or cross-boundary water movement and storage through rivers1 tributaries1 and aquifers with relation to water availability4 7iii7 ,improving fidelity in the operational modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer in mountainous regions4 7iv7 ,resolving challenges in predicting winter atmospheric circulation and storm tracks1 including periods of blocked versus unblocked flow over the eastern ,north ,pacific ,ocean and western ,united ,states4 7v7 ,utilizing outcomes from the atmospheric rivers forecast improvement program under section #bjd of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd and the precipitation forecast improvement program under section #fjc of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag to produce operational tools and services4 7vi7 ,improving the quality and temporal and spatial resolution of observations and accurate operational modeling of air-sea interactions1 and the influence of oceans on subseasonal and seasonal forecasting4 7,b7 ,a pilot project under subparagraph 7,b7 of paragraph 7#a7 addresses key science challenges to improving forecasts and developing related products for agriculture in the central ,united ,states1 including the following3 7i7 ,improving the quality and temporal and spatial resolution of observations and accurate operational modeling of the land surface and hydrologic cycle1 including soil moisture and flash drought processes4 7ii7 ,improving fidelity in the operational modeling of warm season precipitation processes4 7iii7 ,understanding and predicting large-scale upper-level dynamical flow anomalies that occur in spring and summer4 7iv7 ,improving modeling of interstate or cross-boundary water movement and storage through rivers1 tributaries1 and aquifers with relation to water availability for agriculture4 7#c7 ,activities ,a pilot project under this subsection shall include activities that carry out the following3 7,a7 ,best implement recommendations of the #bjbj ,report of the ,national ,weather ,service1 entitled ,subseasonal and ,seasonal ,forecasting ,innovation3 ,plans for the ,twenty-,first ,century4 7,b7 ,achieve measurable objectives for operational forecast improvement4 7,c7 ,engage with1 and leverage the resources of-- 7i7 institutions of higher education 7as such term is defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja772 7ii7 a consortia of institutions as described under clause 7i72 7iii7 entities within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration in existence as of the date of the enactment of this subsection1 including ,regional ,climate ,centers and the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information2 and 7iv7 other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate4 7,d7 ,are carried out in coordination with the ,assistant ,administrator for the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research and the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service4 7#d7 ,sunset ,the authority under this subsection shall terminate on the date that is #e years after the date of the enactment of this subsection4 2 and 7#c7 by amending subsection 7j7 to read as follows3 7j7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated #ej1cjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi to carry out the activities under this section4 4 #ejb4 ,national integrated drought information system 7a7 ,in general ,section #c of the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system ,act of #bjjf 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cac;d7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a71 by striking 1 through the ,national ,weather ,service and other appropriate weather and climate programs in the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration12 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting and after the semicolon2 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,c7 incorporates flash drought research and tools to enhance timely response2 2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking improvements in seasonal precipitation and temperature1 subseasonal precipitation and temperature1 and low flow water prediction2 and and inserting support improvements in subseasonal to seasonal precipitation and temperature1 and low flow water prediction22 7,c7 in paragraph 7#f71 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following new paragraphs3 7#g7 advance and deploy next generation technologies related to drought1 such as monitoring1 preparedness1 and forecasting capabilities utilizing artificial intelligence1 machine learning1 and cloud technologies2 7#h7 use observational networks1 including the ,national ,weather ,service cooperative observer program and ,state or regional hydrological monitoring projects2 7#i7 refine drought indicators across multiple spatial and temporal scales2 7#aj7 improve decision-support products2 7#aa7 optimize data and resources from across the ,federal ,government2 7#ab7 investigate and address data gaps1 including snowpack monitoring1 space-based or in-situ soil moisture monitoring1 groundwater data1 and data related to rapid intensification events2 and 7#ac7 engage with1 and leverage the resources of1 entities within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration in existence as of the date of the enactment of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd to improve coordination of water monitoring1 forecasting1 and management4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#d7 in partnership with the ,national ,mesonet ,program1 establish memoranda of understanding to provide coordinated1 high-quality data4 2 and 7#d7 by adding at the end the following3 7g7 ,modeling update ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd1 the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system and the ,climate ,prediction ,center of the ,national ,weather ,service1 shall develop a plan to incorporate existing drought products of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and improved dynamical and statistical forecast modeling tools into probabilistic forecasts4 4 7b7 ,authorization of appropriations ,section #d of the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system ,act of #bjjf 7,public ,law #aji-dcj2 #ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cac;d note7 is amended to read as follows3 #d4 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this ,act-- 7#a7 #ae1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 7#b7 #ae1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#c7 #af1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbg4 7#d7 #af1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbh4 7#e7 #ag1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbi4 4 #ejc4 ,national ,mesonet ,program 7a7 ,program ,the ,under ,secretary shall maintain the ,national ,mesonet ,program 7referred to in this section as the ,program71 which shall-- 7#a7 obtain observations to improve understanding of and forecast capabilities for atmospheric1 drought1 fire1 and water events1 with a prioritization on leveraging available commercial1 academic1 and other non-,federal ,government environmental data to enhance coordination across the private1 public1 and academic sectors of the weather enterprise in the ,united ,states2 7#b7 establish means to integrate greater density and more types of environmental observations into the ,program on an annual basis1 including by encouraging local and regional networks of environmental monitoring stations and in situ sensor networks1 including soil moisture and ground-based profilers1 to participate in the ,program2 7#c7 establish memoranda of understanding with networks outside of the scope of the ,program in furtherance of this section2 and 7#d7 coordinate with satellite data and services acquired through the ,commercial ,data ,program under section #cjb of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hecb71 as amended by section #dja of this ,act4 7b7 ,program elements ,in carrying out the ,program1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 increase data density by-- 7,a7 improving and increasing the quantity and density of environmental observations used by the ,administration and the ,national ,weather ,service to support baseline forecasts1 including nowcasts1 warnings1 and hyper local forecasts that protect individuals1 businesses1 agricultural production1 food security1 military1 and government agencies in the ,united ,states1 and enabling such individuals and entities to operate in a safe1 efficient1 and orderly manner2 7,b7 yielding increased quantities of boundary-layer data to improve numerical weather prediction performance1 including in subseasonal to seasonal timescales2 7,c7 identifying available terrestrial or marine environmental data1 or quantifiable gaps in such data1 to improve the understanding of air-sea interactions2 and 7,d7 supporting the ,national ,weather ,service in reaching its target of a #cj-minute warning time for severe weather through better predictive model algorithms driven by increasingly effective observations2 7#b7 monitor local meteorological conditions by-- 7,a7 acquiring soil and moisture data to monitor soil moisture1 vegetation water content1 and moisture loss from evaporation1 in support of operational forecasting1 the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system1 and local commercial1 agricultural1 and emergency management needs2 7,b7 supporting the ,national ,coordinated ,soil ,moisture ,monitoring ,network in acquiring soil moisture and related data to support the development of decision-support products and other information services2 and 7,c7 expanding and enhancing environmental observational networks in the roadway environment to provide real-time road weather and surface conditions for surface transportation and related economic sectors2 and 7#c7 administer the ,program by-- 7,a7 obtaining data in furtherance of this section only when demonstrably cost effective and meeting or exceeding data quality standards available to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration 7referred to in this section as the ,administration72 7,b7 subject to the requirement in subparagraph 7,a71 leveraging existing networks of environmental monitoring stations1 including supplemental radar systems1 to increase the quantity and density of environmental observations and data available to the ,administration2 7,c7 providing the critical technical and administrative infrastructure needed to facilitate rapid integration and sustained use of new and emerging networks of environmental monitoring stations anticipated in coming years from non-,federal ,government sources2 7,d7 coordinating with existing data developed by the ,administration and used for forecasts1 including data from the ,national ,environmental ,satellite1 ,data1 and ,information ,service1 the ,integrated ,ocean ,observing ,system1 the ,global ,ocean ,monitoring and ,observing ,program1 the ,national ,data ,buoy ,center1 and the ,national ,ocean ,service2 and 7,e7 identifying and communicating to the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research and other partners priorities of research and development needed to advance observations in the ,program4 7c7 ,financial and technical assistance 7#a7 ,in general ,in furtherance of the ,program1 in a fiscal year1 the ,under ,secretary may award not less than #ae percent of the amount appropriated for the ,program for that fiscal year for financial assistance to ,state1 ,tribal1 private1 and academic entities seeking to build1 expand1 or upgrade equipment and capacity of mesonet systems4 7#b7 ,other ,federal awards ,financial assistance under this subsection may be made in coordination with and in addition to awards from other ,federal agencies4 7#c7 ,agreements ,before receiving financial assistance under paragraph 7#a71 the ,state1 ,tribal1 private1 or academic entity seeking financial assistance under this subsection shall enter into an agreement with the ,under ,secretary to provide data to the ,program1 subject to verification by the ,program of the relative operational value and evaluation of the cost of such data1 for use in weather prediction1 severe weather warnings1 and emergency response4 7#d7 ,assistance and other support ,the ,under ,secretary may provide-- 7,a7 technical assistance1 project implementation support1 and guidance to ,state1 ,tribal1 private1 and academic entities seeking financial assistance under this subsection2 and 7,b7 technical and financial assistance for maintenance of monitoring stations in underrepresented or remote areas of the country where it is financially unfeasible for #a entity to operate such stations without such assistance4 7#e7 ,terms ,in providing financial assistance under this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall establish terms to ensure that each ,state1 ,tribal1 private1 or academic entity that receives financial assistance under this subsection receives a level of support commensurate with the quality and other characteristics of the data to be provided4 7#f7 ,determination ,a ,state1 ,tribal1 private1 or academic entity may only receive financial assistance under this subsection if the ,under ,secretary determines such entity will provide sufficient financial support from non-,federal ,government sources and fully maintain the quality of the mesonet system and associated data standards required by the ,program for a period of not less than #e years4 7#g7 ,priority ,the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize providing assistance under paragraph 7#a7 to not fewer than #a entity in a remote area or an area that has a lack of environmental monitoring stations described in subsection 7a77#b74 7d7 ,advisory committee 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the ,program has an active advisory committee of subject matter experts to make recommendations to the ,administration on the identification1 implementation1 procurement1 and tracking of data needed to supplement the ,program1 and recommend improvements1 expansions1 and acquisitions of available data4 7#b7 ,designation of existing committee ,the ,under ,secretary may designate an existing advisory committee1 subcommittee1 or working group of the ,federal ,government1 including the ,science ,advisory ,board of the ,administration1 to carry out the requirement under paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,academic expertise ,the advisory committee under paragraph 7#a71 in consultation with the ,program1 shall include expertise from #a or more institutions of higher education 7as defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja77 to assist the advisory committee to identify1 evaluate1 and recommend potential partnerships1 regional or subregional consortia1 and collaborative methods that would expand the number of participants and volume of data in the ,program4 7e7 ,regular briefings 7#a7 ,in general ,not less frequently than annually through #bjce1 the ,under ,secretary shall provide regular briefings to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives on all activities under the ,program4 7#b7 ,briefing content ,each briefing required under paragraph 7#a7 shall include information relating to the following3 7,a7 ,efforts to implement the activities described in subsection 7b74 7,b7 ,any financial or technical assistance provided pursuant to subsection 7c74 7,c7 ,efforts to address recommendations received from the advisory committee under subsection 7d71 if any4 7,d7 ,the potential need and associated benefits of a coastal and ocean mesonet1 or other emerging areas of weather data needs4 7,e7 ,progress toward eliminating gaps in weather observation data in ,states and regions of the ,united ,states4 7,f7 ,any other topic the ,under ,secretary determines relevant4 7f7 ,authorization of appropriations ,from amounts authorized to be appropriated to the ,national ,weather ,service1 there shall be available not more than the following amounts to carry out this section3 7#a7 #ej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 7#b7 #ee1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#c7 #fa1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbg4 7#d7 #fh1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbh4 7#e7 #gj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbi4 #ejd4 ,national ,coordinated ,soil ,moisture ,monitoring ,network 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,secretary of ,agriculture1 the ,director of the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies and departments1 shall support the development1 deployment1 and maintenance of soil moisture monitoring networks by managing the ,national ,coordinated ,soil ,moisture ,monitoring ,network 7in this section referred to as the ,network7 within the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system4 7b7 ,activities ,the ,under ,secretary shall ensure the ,network includes activities that carry out the following3 7#a7 ,establishing a visible1 user-friendly website4 7#b7 ,developing a set of criteria for high-quality data sources4 7#c7 ,supporting research necessary to develop or improve soil moisture monitoring products at a national scale4 7#d7 ,increasing the number of long-term1 high-quality1 in situ and remote sensing soil moisture monitoring stations across the ,united ,states4 7#e7 ,sharing methodologies and validation protocols with the private sector4 7#f7 ,engaging with the citizen science community4 7#g7 ,developing1 releasing1 and promoting new1 nationwide point-based and gridded soil moisture data products that meet the needs of diverse end-user groups4 7#h7 ,supporting community building and outreach to the network of individuals engaged with soil moisture information delivery1 from data provision to end-user decision making4 #eje4 ,national ,water ,center ,section #cja of the ,coordinated ,ocean ,observations and ,research ,act of #bjbj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajcga7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a77;,a7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding clause 7i71 by inserting 1 within the ,office of ,water ,prediction of the ,national ,weather ,service1 after shall establish2 7ii7 in clause 7i71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7iii7 in clause 7ii71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7iv7 by adding at the end the following new clause3 7iii7 to lead the transition of water research by the ,federal ,government1 including model development1 into operations of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and the ,national ,weather ,service4 2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs3 7,f7 ,serving as the primary ,center within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration for research1 development1 collaboration1 and coordination of the water research and forecast activities of the ,administration and other centers and networks of the ,federal ,government1 including those of the ,department of ,agriculture1 the ,army ,corps of ,engineers1 the ,bureau of ,reclamation1 the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 and the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency4 7,g7 ,integrating and promoting consistency among national and regional hydrological forecast operations and service delivery4 2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following3 7#c7 ,incorporation into unified forecast system ,the ,under ,secretary shall use the ,weather and ,climate ,operational ,supercomputing ,system1 or any other successor system1 to support the development and implementation of advanced water resources modeling capabilities under paragraph 7#b77;,b7 and shall incorporate those modeling capabilities into the unified forecast system4 2 7#b7 by striking subsection 7b72 7#c7 by redesignating subsection 7c7 as subsection 7b72 7#d7 by inserting after subsection 7b71 as redesignated by paragraph 7#c71 the following3 7c7 ,organization ,the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,director of the ,office of ,water ,prediction of the ,national ,weather ,service1 shall-- 7#a7 supervise and oversee the administration1 management1 and operations of each ,river ,forecast ,center of the ,national ,weather ,service and coordinate those operations with the ,national ,water ,center2 and 7#b7 administer the duties and activities of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration related to the ,cooperative ,institute for ,research to ,operations in ,hydrology1 or any successor entity1 and coordinate the activities of the ,institute with the ,national ,water ,center4 2 and 7#e7 in subsection 7d77#d71 by striking fiscal year #bjbd and inserting each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbi4 #ejf4 ,satellite transfers briefing ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary of ,commerce shall brief the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives on the ,department of ,commerce's authorities and policies and ,federal ,government-wide policies related to transferring any portion of the weather satellite systems operated by the ,department of ,commerce to any other ,federal department or agency1 including-- 7#a7 a description of the process for decommissioning a ,department of ,commerce operational weather satellite1 any existing agreements related to transfers of weather satellites1 whether decommissioned or not1 and any reimbursable agreements related to the transfer of physical property or the operation of ,department of ,commerce weather satellites on behalf of any other ,federal department or agency2 and 7#b7 a summary of any ,department of ,commerce plans for potential transfer of existing or future weather satellite systems to any other ,federal department or agency4 ,,vi ,harmful ,algal ,bloom and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,amendments ,act of #bjbd #fja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,harmful ,algal ,bloom and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,amendments ,act of #bjbd4 #fjb4 ,amendments to the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7a7 ,assessments 7#a7 ,in general ,section #fjc of the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djja7 is amended-- 7,a7 in the section heading1 by striking ,assessments and inserting ,task ,force1 assessments1 and ,action ,strategy2 7,b7 in subsection 7a7-- 7i7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#ac7 and 7#ad7 as paragraphs 7#ad7 and 7#ae71 respectively2 and 7ii7 by inserting after paragraph 7#ab7 the following3 7#ac7 the ,department of ,energy2 2 7,c7 by striking subsections 7b71 7c71 7d71 7e71 7g71 7h71 and 7i7 and redesignating subsection 7f7 as subsection 7b72 7,d7 in subsection 7b71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 in paragraph 7#a71 in the first sentence1 by striking coastal waters including the ,great ,lakes and inserting marine1 estuarine1 and freshwater systems2 and 7ii7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7,i7 by amending subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 7,a7 examine-- 7i7 the causes and ecological consequences of hypoxia on marine and aquatic species in their environments2 and 7ii7 the costs of hypoxia1 including impacts on food safety and security2 2 7,,ii7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,b71 7,c71 and 7,d7 as subparagraphs 7,d71 7,e71 and 7,f71 respectively2 7,,iii7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,a7 the following3 7,b7 examine the effect of other environmental stressors on hypoxia2 7,c7 evaluate alternatives for reducing1 mitigating1 and controlling hypoxia and its environmental impacts2 2 7,,iv7 in subparagraph 7,d71 as redesignated by subclause 7,,ii71 by inserting 1 social1 after ecological2 and 7,v7 in subparagraph 7,e71 as redesignated by subclause 7,,ii71 by striking hypoxia modeling and monitoring data and inserting hypoxia modeling1 forecasting1 and monitoring and observation data2 and 7,e7 by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,action ,strategy and scientific assessment for marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms 7#a7 ,in general ,not less frequently than once every #e years1 the ,task ,force shall complete and submit to ,congress an action strategy for harmful algal blooms in the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,elements ,each ,action ,strategy shall-- 7,a7 examine1 and include a scientific assessment of1 marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms1 including such blooms-- 7i7 in the ,great ,lakes2 7ii7 in the upper reaches of estuaries2 7iii7 in freshwater lakes and rivers2 7iv7 in coastal and marine waters2 and 7v7 that originate in freshwater lakes or rivers and migrate to coastal waters2 7,b7 examine the causes1 ecological consequences or physiological consequences on fish function1 and economic or socio-cultural impacts1 including food safety and security1 of harmful algal blooms2 7,c7 examine the effect of other environmental stressors on harmful algal blooms2 7,d7 examine potential methods to prevent1 control1 and mitigate harmful algal blooms and the potential ecological1 social1 cultural1 and economic costs and benefits of such methods2 7,e7 identify priorities for research needed to advance techniques and technologies to detect1 predict1 monitor1 respond to1 and minimize the occurrence1 duration1 and severity of harmful algal blooms1 including recommendations to eliminate significant gaps in harmful algal bloom forecasting1 monitoring1 and observation data2 7,f7 evaluate progress made by1 and the needs of1 activities and actions of the ,task ,force to prevent1 control1 and mitigate harmful algal blooms2 7,g7 identify ways to improve coordination and prevent unnecessary duplication of effort among ,federal agencies with respect to research on harmful algal blooms2 and 7,h7 include regional chapters relating to the requirements described in this paragraph in order to highlight geographically and ecologically diverse locations with significant ecological1 social1 cultural1 and economic impacts from harmful algal blooms4 7d7 ,consultation ,in carrying out subsections 7b7 and 7c71 the ,task ,force shall consult with-- 7#a7 ,states1 ,indian tribes1 and local governments2 and 7#b7 appropriate industries 7including fisheries1 agriculture1 and fertilizer71 academic institutions1 and nongovernmental organizations with relevant expertise4 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #b of the ,coast ,guard ,authorization ,act of #aiih 7,public ,law #aje-chc2 #aab ,stat4 #cdab2 #acf ,stat4 #abfh7 is amended by striking the item relating to section #fjc and inserting the following3 ,sec4 #fjc4 ,task ,force1 assessments1 and ,action ,strategy4 4 7#c7 ,conforming amendment ,section #ajb of the ,harmful ,algal ,bloom and ,hypoxia ,amendments ,act of #bjjd 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djja;a7 is amended by striking ,in developing and all that follows through management44 7b7 ,national ,harmful ,algal ,bloom and ,hypoxia ,program ,section #fjc;,a of the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djjb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking predicting1 and inserting monitoring1 observing1 forecasting12 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 and 7,b7 by striking paragraph 7#b7 and inserting the following3 7#b7 the scientific assessment submitted under section #fjc7;b72 and 7#c7 the ,action ,strategy4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking ocean and ,great ,lakes science and management programs and centers and inserting programs and centers relating to the science and management of marine1 estuarine1 and freshwater systems2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e71 by inserting while recognizing each agency is acting under its own independent mission and authority before the semicolon2 7#c7 in subsection 7d71 by striking ,except as provided in subsection 7h71 the and inserting ,the2 7#d7 in subsection 7e7-- 7,a7 by striking paragraph 7#b7 and inserting the following3 7#b7 examine the causes1 ecological consequences1 and costs of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia2 2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting 1 including the annual ,gulf of ,mexico hypoxia zone mapping cruise after ,program2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking and after the semicolon2 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following3 7,e7 to identify opportunities to improve monitoring of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia1 with a particular focus on waters that may affect fisheries1 public health1 or subsistence harvest2 7,f7 to evaluate adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the impacts of harmful algal blooms and hypoxia2 7,g7 to support the resilience of the seafood industry to harmful algal blooms and to expand access to testing for harmful algal bloom toxins1 including for subsistence and recreational harvesters1 through innovative methods that increase the efficiency and effectiveness of such testing in rural and remote areas2 7,h7 to support sustained observations to provide ,state and local entities1 ,indian tribes1 and other entities access to real-time or near real-time observations data for decision-making to protect human and ecological health and local economies2 and 7,i7 to assess the combined effects of harmful algal blooms1 hypoxia1 and stressors such as runoff and infrastructure changes on marine1 freshwater1 or estuarine ecosystems and living resources2 2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking agencies and inserting entities1 regional coastal observing systems 7as defined in section #abcjc of the ,integrated ,coastal and ,ocean ,observation ,system ,act of #bjji 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cfjb7712 7,d7 in paragraph 7#f71 by inserting and communities after ecosystems2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#h71 by inserting and ,indian tribes after managers2 7,f7 in paragraph 7#i77;,a71 by striking 1 tribal1 and local stakeholders and inserting and local stakeholders and ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations2 7,g7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#c71 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 7#h71 7#i71 7#aj71 and 7#aa7 as paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 7#h71 7#i71 7#aj71 7#ab71 and 7#ac71 respectively2 7,h7 by inserting after paragraph 7#b7 the following3 7#c7 consult with entities that are most dependent on coastal and water resources that may be impacted by marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms and hypoxia1 including-- 7,a7 ,state and local entities2 7,b7 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiians organizations2 7,c7 island communities2 7,d7 low-population rural communities2 7,e7 subsistence communities2 and 7,f7 fisheries and recreation industries2 2 and 7,i7 by inserting after paragraph 7#aj71 as redesignated by subparagraph 7,g71 the following3 7#aa7 expand access to testing for harmful algal bloom toxins1 including for subsistence and recreational harvesters1 through innovative methods that increase the efficiency and effectiveness of such testing in rural and remote areas2 2 7#e7 by amending subsections 7f7 to read as follows3 7f7 ,cooperation2 duplication of effort ,the ,under ,secretary shall work cooperatively with and avoid duplication of effort of other agencies on the ,task ,force and ,states1 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 and nongovernmental organizations concerned with marine and freshwater issues4 2 and 7#f7 by striking subsection 7g71 7h71 and 7i74 7c7 ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration activities 7#a7 ,in general ,section #fjc;,b of the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djjc7 is amended to read as follows3 #fjc;,b4 ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration activities 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 carry out response activities for marine1 coastal1 and ,great ,lakes harmful algal bloom and hypoxia events2 7#b7 develop and enhance operational harmful algal bloom observing and forecasting programs1 including operational observations and forecasting1 monitoring1 modeling1 data management1 and information dissemination2 7#c7 develop forecast modeling that includes the effect of hurricanes and other weather events on the resuspension of bioavailable nutrients in sediments and related interactions with harmful algal blooms2 7#d7 enhance communication and coordination among ,federal agencies carrying out activities and research relating to marine and freshwater harmful algal bloom and hypoxia2 7#e7 leverage existing resources and expertise available from local research universities and institutions2 and 7#f7 use cost effective methods in carrying out this section4 7b7 ,integrated ,coastal and ,ocean ,observation ,system ,the collection of monitoring and observing data under this section shall comply with all data standards and protocols developed pursuant to the ,integrated ,coastal and ,ocean ,observation ,system ,act of #bjji 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cfja et seq474 ,such data shall be made available through the ,national ,integrated ,coastal and ,ocean ,observation ,system established under section #abcjd of that ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #cfjc74 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #b of the ,coast ,guard ,authorization ,act of #aiih 7,public ,law #aje-chc2 #aab ,stat4 #cdab2 #acf ,stat4 #abfh7 is amended by striking the item relating to section #fjc;,b and inserting the following3 ,sec4 #fjc;,b4 ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration activities4 4 7d7 ,environmental ,protection ,agency activities 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,harmful ,algal ,bloom and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih is amended by inserting after section #fjc;,b 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djjc7 the following3 #fjc;,c4 ,environmental ,protection ,agency activities 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 carry out research on the ecology and human health impacts of freshwater harmful algal blooms and hypoxia events2 7#b7 develop and enhance operational freshwater harmful algal bloom monitoring1 observing1 and forecasting programs in lakes1 rivers1 and reservoirs1 and coordinate with the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration on such programs in the ,great ,lakes and estuaries 7including tributaries thereof71 including operational observations and forecasting1 monitoring1 modeling1 data management1 and information dissemination1 to support event response1 prioritization1 prevention1 adaptation1 and mitigation activities2 7#c7 enhance communication and coordination among ,federal agencies carrying out freshwater harmful algal bloom and hypoxia activities and research2 7#d7 to the greatest extent practicable1 leverage existing resources and expertise available from ,federal and ,state partners and local research universities and institutions2 and 7#e7 use cost-effective methods in carrying out this section4 7b7 ,nonduplication ,the ,administrator shall ensure that activities carried out under subsection 7a7 focus on new approaches to addressing freshwater harmful algal blooms and are not duplicative of existing research and development programs authorized by this title or any other law4 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #b of the ,coast ,guard ,authorization ,act of #aiih 7,public ,law #aje-chc2 #aab ,stat4 #cdab2 #acf ,stat4 #abfh7 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #fjc;,b the following3 ,sec4 #fjc;,c4 ,environmental ,protection ,agency activities4 4 7e7 ,national harmful algal bloom and hypoxia observing network 7#a7 ,in general ,section #fjf of the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djje7 is amended to read as follows3 #fjf4 ,national harmful algal bloom observing network 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,national ,centers for ,coastal ,ocean ,science and the ,integrated ,ocean ,observing ,system of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 shall integrate ,federal1 ,state1 regional1 and local observing capabilities to establish a national network of observing systems for the monitoring1 detection1 and forecasting of harmful algal blooms by leveraging the capacity of regional associations of the ,integrated ,ocean ,observing ,system1 including through the incorporation of emerging technologies and new data integration methods4 7b7 ,coordination and data assembly ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,program ,office of the ,integrated ,ocean ,observing ,system shall-- 7#a7 coordinate with the ,national ,centers for ,coastal ,ocean ,science regarding observations1 data integration1 and information dissemination2 7#b7 organize1 integrate1 disseminate1 and provide a central architecture to support ecological forecasting of harmful algal blooms2 and 7#c7 coordinate with the ,water ,quality ,portal to store and serve discrete data related to the monitoring of freshwater1 estuarine1 and coastal harmful algal blooms4 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #b of the ,coast ,guard ,authorization ,act of #aiih 7,public ,law #aje-chc2 #aab ,stat4 #cdab2 #acf ,stat4 #abfh7 is amended by striking the item relating to section #fjf and inserting the following3 ,sec4 #fjf4 ,national harmful algal bloom observing network4 4 7f7 ,national-,level incubator program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih is amended by inserting after section #fjf 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djje7 the following3 #fjf;,a4 ,national-level incubator program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,administrator and research universities and institutions1 shall establish a national-level incubator program 7in this section referred to as the program7 to increase the number of strategies1 technologies1 and measures available to prevent1 mitigate1 and control harmful algal blooms4 7b7 ,framework ,the program shall establish a framework for preliminary assessments of novel strategies1 technologies1 and measures to prevent1 mitigate1 and control harmful algal blooms in order to determine the potential effectiveness and scalability of such technologies4 7c7 ,funding ,the program shall provide merit-based funding1 using amounts otherwise available to the ,under ,secretary for the award of grants1 for strategies1 technologies1 and measures that eliminate or reduce1 through biological1 chemical1 or physical means1 the levels of harmful algae and associated toxins resulting from harmful algal blooms4 7d7 ,database ,the program shall include a database for cataloging the licensing and permitting requirements1 economic costs1 feasibility1 effectiveness1 and scalability of novel and established strategies1 technologies1 and measures to prevent1 mitigate1 and control harmful algal blooms4 7e7 ,prioritization ,in carrying out the program1 the ,under ,secretary shall prioritize proposed strategies1 technologies1 and measures that would1 to the maximum extent practicable-- 7#a7 protect key habitats for fish and wildlife2 7#b7 maintain biodiversity2 7#c7 protect public health2 7#d7 protect coastal resources of national1 historical1 and cultural significance2 or 7#e7 benefit low-income communities1 ,indian tribes1 and rural communities4 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #b of the ,coast ,guard ,authorization ,act of #aiih 7,public ,law #aje-chc2 #aab ,stat4 #cdab2 #acf ,stat4 #abfh7 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #fjf the following3 ,sec4 #fjf;,a4 ,national-level incubator program4 4 7g7 ,definitions ,section #fji of the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djjh7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking means the comprehensive research plan and action strategy established under section #fjc;,b and inserting means the action strategy for harmful algal blooms in the ,united ,states most recently submitted under section #fjc7;c72 7#b7 by amending paragraph 7#c7 to read as follows3 7#c7 ,harmful algal bloom ,the term harmful algal bloom means a high concentration of marine or freshwater algae 7including diatoms71 macroalgae 7including ,sargassum71 or cyanobacteria resulting in nuisance conditions or harmful impacts on marine and freshwater ecosystems1 subsistence resources1 communities1 or human health through the production of toxic compounds or other biological1 chemical1 or physical impacts of the bloom4 2 7#c7 by striking paragraph 7#i72 7#d7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 and 7#h7 as paragraphs 7#e71 7#h71 7#i71 7#aa71 and 7#ac71 respectively2 7#e7 by inserting after paragraph 7#c7 the following3 7#d7 ,harmful algal bloom and hypoxia event ,the term harmful algal bloom and hypoxia event means the occurrence of a harmful algal bloom or hypoxia as a result of a natural1 anthropogenic1 or undetermined cause4 2 7#f7 in paragraph 7#e71 as redesignated by paragraph 7#d7-- 7,a7 by striking aquatic and inserting marine or freshwater2 and 7,b7 by striking resident and inserting marine or freshwater2 7#g7 by inserting after paragraph 7#e71 as redesignated by paragraph 7#d71 the following3 7#f7 ,indian tribe ,the term ,indian tribe has the meaning given that term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 7#g7 ,native ,hawaiian organization ,the term ,native ,hawaiian organization has the meaning given that term in section #fbjg of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #geag7 and includes the ,department of ,hawaiian ,home ,lands and the ,office of ,hawaiian ,affairs4 2 7#h7 by inserting after paragraph 7#i71 as redesignated by paragraph 7#d71 the following3 7#aj7 ,subsistence use ,the term subsistence use means the customary and traditional use of fish1 wildlife1 or other freshwater1 coastal1 or marine resources by any individual or community to meet personal or family needs1 including essential economic1 nutritional1 or cultural applications4 2 and 7#i7 by inserting after paragraph 7#aa71 as redesignated by paragraph 7#d71 the following3 7#ab7 ,tribal organization ,the term ,tribal organization has the meaning given that term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 4 7h7 ,authorization of appropriations ,section #faj of the ,harmful ,algal ,blooms and ,hypoxia ,research and ,control ,act of #aiih 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djji7 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7a7 to read as follows3 7a7 ,in general ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title1 for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi-- 7#a7 #ai1ejj1jjj to the ,under ,secretary2 and 7#b7 #h1jjj1jjj to the ,administrator4 2 and 7#b7 by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,transfer authority ,as specifically provided in advance in appropriations ,acts1 the ,under ,secretary or the ,administrator may transfer funds made available to carry out this title to the head of any ,federal department or agency1 with the concurrence of such head1 to carry out1 as appropriate1 relevant provisions of this title and section #i7;g7 of the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system ,reauthorization ,act of #bjah 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djaj74 4 #fjc4 ,other harmful algal bloom matters 7a7 ,in general ,section #i7;g7 of the ,national ,integrated ,drought ,information ,system ,reauthorization ,act of #bjah 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #djaj7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by adding at the end the following new sentence3 ,the appropriate ,federal official may waive the non-,federal share requirements of the preceding sentence if such official determines no reasonable means are available through which the recipient of the ,federal share can meet the non-,federal share requirement42 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following3 7,d7 ,contract1 cooperative agreement1 and grant authority ,the appropriate ,federal official may enter into contracts1 cooperative agreements1 and grants with ,states1 ,indian ,tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 local governments1 or other entities to pay for or reimburse costs incurred by such entities for the purposes of supporting the determination of1 and assessing the environmental1 economic1 social1 subsistence use1 and public health effects of1 a harmful algal bloom or hypoxia event of national significance4 2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting a leadership official of an affected ,indian ,tribe1 the executive official of the ,district of ,columbia1 or the executive official of an affected territory or possession of the ,united ,states1 after ,state12 and 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking consider and all that follows through boundary4 and inserting 8consider factors such as-- 7i7 the risk to public health and the potential severity of the detrimental environmental effects of the harmful algal bloom or hypoxia event1 as indicated by-- 7,i7 data on shellfish or water quality obtained through sampling programs1 including baseline data1 and regulatory or advisory thresholds established to explain management actions related to the event2 7,,ii7 toxin levels in fish1 marine mammals1 seabirds1 shellfish1 or water during the event2 7,,iii7 toxic aerosols produced during the event1 including potential human exposures to toxic aerosols2 7,,iv7 reports of human or animal illnesses or mortalities during the event2 7,v7 any closures of fishing or shellfish harvesting locations or recreational public waters1 including beaches1 during the event2 7,,vi7 the duration and spatial extent of the event2 or 7,,vii7 impacts to habitats or ecosystems associated with the event2 7ii7 the potential economic1 social1 and subsistence impacts associated with the harmful algal bloom or hypoxia event1 including to fisheries and aquaculture1 recreation and tourism1 monitoring and management1 social or cultural resource use1 and event response activities1 assessed in comparison with historical data from when a ,state or region did not experience such an event1 as possible1 as indicated by-- 7,i7 increases in public health expenditures2 7,,ii7 losses to commercial fisheries and aquaculture industries1 recreation and tourism1 real estate1 and other impacted industries or businesses2 7,,iii7 increases in monitoring and management expenditures1 including costs incurred for event response and clean-up 7such as for beach clean-up following an influx of biomass or a fish-kill7 by public or private sectors2 or 7,,iv7 impacts to subsistence resources1 including nutritional1 cultural1 and economic effects on subsistence communities2 7iii7 the relative magnitude of those impacts in relation to past occurrences of harmful algal bloom or hypoxia events that occur on a recurrent or annual basis2 and 7iv7 the geographic scope of the harmful algal bloom or hypoxia event1 including the potential of the event to affect several municipalities1 to affect more than #a ,state1 or to cross an international boundary4 2 7#c7 in paragraph 7#c71 by adding at the end the following3 7,d7 ,indian ,tribe ,the term ,indian ,tribe has the meaning given that term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 7,e7 ,native ,hawaiian organization ,the term ,native ,hawaiian organization has the meaning given that term in section #fbjg of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #geag7 and includes the ,department of ,hawaiian ,home ,lands and the ,office of ,hawaiian ,affairs4 7,f7 ,tribal organization ,the term ,tribal organization has the meaning given that term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 2 and 7#d7 by adding at the end the following3 7#d7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection #b1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi1 to remain available until expended4 4 7b7 ,protect families from toxic algal blooms ,section #abh of the ,water ,resources ,development ,act of #bjbj 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #faj note7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating subsection 7e7 as subsection 7f72 and 7#b7 by inserting after subsection 7d7 the following new subsection3 7e7 ,harmful algal bloom technologies ,in carrying out the demonstration program under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary may enter into agreements with water and irrigation districts located in the focus areas described in subsections 7c7 and 7d7 for the use or sale of any new technologies developed under the program to expedite the removal of harmful algal blooms in such areas4 4 ,,vii ,preventing ,health ,emergencies ,and ,temperature-related ,illness and ,deaths ,act of #bjbd #gja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,preventing ,health ,emergencies ,and ,temperature-related ,illness and ,deaths ,act of #bjbd or the ,preventing ,,heat ,illness and ,deaths ,act of #bjbd4 #gjb4 ,definitions ,in this title3 7#a7 ,extreme heat ,the term extreme heat means heat that substantially exceeds local temperature norms in terms of any combination of the following3 7,a7 ,duration4 7,b7 ,intensity4 7,c7 ,season length4 7,d7 ,frequency4 7#b7 ,heat ,the term heat means any combination of the atmospheric parameters associated with modulating human thermoregulation1 such as air temperature1 humidity1 solar exposure1 and wind speed4 7#c7 ,heat event ,the term heat event means an occurrence of extreme heat of #b days or more that may have heat-health implications4 7#d7 ,heat-health ,the term heat-health means health effects to humans from heat1 during or outside of heat events1 including from vulnerability and exposure1 or the risk of such effects4 7#e7 ,planning ,the term planning means activities performed across timescales 7including days1 weeks1 months1 years1 and decades7 with scenario-based1 probabilistic or deterministic information to identify and take actions to proactively mitigate heat-health risks4 7#f7 ,preparedness ,the term preparedness means activities performed across timescales with decision support tools to manage risk in advance of a heat event and increased ambient temperature4 7#g7 ,tribal government ,the term ,tribal government means the recognized governing body of any ,indian or ,alaska ,native tribe1 band1 nation1 pueblo1 village1 community1 component band1 or component reservation1 individually identified 7including parenthetically7 in the list published most recently as of the date of enactment of this ,act pursuant to section #ajd of the ,federally ,recognized ,indian ,tribe ,list ,act of #aiid 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #eaca74 #gjc4 ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system ,interagency ,committee 7a7 ,establishment of committee ,there is established within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration an interagency committee1 to be known as the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system ,interagency ,committee 7in this section referred to as the ,committee74 7b7 ,purpose ,the ,committee shall coordinate agencies represented on the ,committee to execute1 as appropriate1 activities across such agencies to ensure a united ,federal approach to reducing health risks from heat4 7c7 ,membership 7#a7 ,in general ,in order to carry out and achieve the purpose described in subsection 7b71 the ,committee shall include the following3 7,a7 ,the ,director of the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system4 7,b7 ,not fewer than #a representative from each of the following3 7i7 ,from the ,department of ,commerce1 the following3 7,i7 ,from the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the following3 7aa7 ,the ,national ,weather ,service4 7bb7 ,the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research4 7cc7 ,the ,national ,environmental ,satellite1 ,data1 and ,information ,service4 7,,ii7 ,the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology4 7,,iii7 ,the ,bureau of the ,census4 7ii7 ,from the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services1 the following3 7,i7 ,the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 including the ,national ,institute for ,occupational ,safety and ,health4 7,,ii7 ,the ,office of the ,assistant ,secretary of ,health and ,human ,services for ,preparedness and ,response4 7,,iii7 ,the ,substance ,abuse and ,mental ,health ,services ,administration4 7,,iv7 ,the ,national ,institutes of ,health4 7,v7 ,the ,indian ,health ,service4 7iii7 ,from the ,department of the ,interior1 the following3 7,i7 ,the ,bureau of ,indian ,affairs4 7,,ii7 ,the ,bureau of ,land ,management4 7,,iii7 ,the ,national ,park ,service4 7,,iv7 ,the ,office of ,hawaiian ,relations4 7iv7 ,from the ,environmental ,protection ,agency1 the following3 7,i7 ,the ,office of ,air and ,radiation1 if the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency determines appropriate4 7,,ii7 ,the ,office of ,research and ,development1 if the ,administrator determines appropriate4 7,,iii7 ,the ,office of ,international and ,tribal ,affairs4 7v7 ,the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency4 7vi7 ,the ,department of ,defense4 7vii7 ,the ,department of ,agriculture4 7viii7 ,the ,department of ,housing and ,urban ,development4 7ix7 ,the ,department of ,transportation4 7x7 ,the ,department of ,energy4 7xi7 ,the ,department of ,labor1 including the ,occupational ,safety and ,health ,administration4 7xii7 ,the ,department of ,veteran ,affairs4 7xiii7 ,the ,department of ,education4 7xiv7 ,the ,department of ,state4 7xv7 ,the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development4 7xvi7 ,such other ,federal agencies as the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere considers appropriate4 7#b7 ,selection of representatives ,the head of an agency specified in paragraph 7#a77;,b7 shall1 in appointing representatives of the agency to the ,committee1 select representatives who have expertise in areas relevant to the responsibilities of the ,committee1 such as weather prediction1 health impacts1 behavioral science1 public health hazard preparedness and response1 or mental health services4 7#c7 ,co-chairs 7,a7 ,in general ,the members of the ,committee shall select #c individuals from among such members to serve as co-chairs of the ,committee1 subject to the approval of the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere4 7,b7 ,selection 7i7 ,initial selection ,of the co-chairs first selected1 one shall be from the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 one shall be from the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services1 and one shall be from the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,agency4 7ii7 ,subsequent selection ,subsequent co-chairs shall be selected from among the members of the ,committee1 except the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration shall have the opportunity to maintain a co-chair position4 7,c7 ,terms ,each co-chair shall serve for a term of not more than #e years4 7,d7 ,responsibilities of co-chairs ,the co-chairs of the ,committee shall1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system-- 7i7 determine the agenda of the ,committee1 in consultation with other members of the ,committee2 7ii7 direct the work of the ,committee2 and 7iii7 convene meetings of the ,committee not less frequently than once each fiscal quarter4 7d7 ,responsibilities of ,committee ,the ,committee shall coordinate an integrated1 ,federal ,government-wide approach to reducing health risks and impacts of heat1 including by-- 7#a7 developing the strategic plan required by subsection 7e72 7#b7 coordinating across ,federal agencies on heat-health communication1 engagement1 research1 service delivery1 and workforce development2 and 7#c7 building capacity and partnerships with ,federal and non-,federal entities4 7e7 ,strategic plan 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,committee shall submit to ,congress and make available on a public website a #e-year strategic plan that outlines the goals and projects of the ,committee1 including how the ,committee will improve coordination and integration of interagency ,federal capacity and capabilities to address health risks of heat1 including-- 7,a7 a strategy for improving and coordinating existing ,federal data collection and data management to include sharing of data and statistics on heat-related illnesses and mortalities and other impacts to inform heat-related activities2 7,b7 a strategy for improving and coordinating ,federal activities to understand user gaps and needs1 conduct research1 foster innovative solutions1 and provide actionable information and services2 and 7,c7 mechanisms for financing heat planning and preparedness within such agencies as the ,committee considers appropriate4 7#b7 ,implementation ,the head of an agency represented on the ,committee may implement the portions of the strategic plan required by paragraph 7#a7 that are relevant to that agency4 7#c7 ,updates ,not later than #e years after the submission of the strategic plan required by paragraph 7#a71 and every #e years thereafter1 the ,committee shall brief ,congress on an update of the plan1 which shall include progress made toward goals outlined in the previous plan and new priorities that emerge4 7f7 ,consultation ,in carrying out the responsibilities of the ,committee1 the ,committee shall consult with relevant-- 7#a7 regional1 ,state1 ,tribal1 and local governments2 7#b7 international organizations and partners2 7#c7 research institutions2 7#d7 nongovernmental organizations and associations2 7#e7 medical experts with expertise in emergency response2 and 7#f7 environmental health1 economic or business development1 or other stakeholders4 #gjd4 ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system 7a7 ,establishment ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere shall establish within the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration a system1 to be known as the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system 7,,nihhis7 7in this section referred to as the ,system74 7b7 ,purpose ,the purpose of the ,system is to reduce heat-related impacts by-- 7#a7 improving the delivery of data1 information1 forecasts1 warnings1 predictions1 and projections related to temperature and extreme heat and related impacts2 7#b7 through the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research1 developing science-based solutions and tools to improve impact-based decision support services for heat impacts to human life1 property1 and the ,united ,states economy2 and 7#c7 supporting a research program on heat health1 in coordination with the agencies represented on the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system ,interagency ,committee4 7c7 ,data management 7#a7 ,availability ,the data and metadata associated with the ,system shall be fully and openly available1 within the legal right to redistribute1 in accordance with chapter #ca of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,federal ,records ,act of #aiej71 and the ,federal ,evidence-,based ,policymaking ,act of #bjah 7,public ,law #aae-dce2acb ,stat4 #eebi7 and the amendments made by that ,act1 to maximize use of such data to support the goals of the ,system4 7#b7 ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere shall manage1 maintain1 and steward archival data and metadata associated with the ,system within the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information4 7,b7 ,warning coordination meteorologist ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere shall designate at least one warning coordination meteorologist1 as described in section #dje of the ,weather ,research and ,forecasting ,innovation ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hede71 at the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,information4 #gje4 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to carry out sections #gjc and #gjd1 including for any administrative costs for the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system ,interagency ,committee and the ,national ,integrated ,heat ,health ,information ,system1 #e1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbe through #bjbi4 ,,viii ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd #hja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd4 #hjb4 ,certain definitions under ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act 7a7 ,definitions ,section #ab7;a7 of the ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #igjg7;a77 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b7 as paragraphs 7#d7 and 7#e71 respectively2 and 7#b7 by inserting before paragraph 7#d7 7as so redesignated7 the following3 7#a7 ,atmospheric river ,the term atmospheric river means a transient corridor of strong water vapor in the atmosphere that-- 7,a7 produces significant quantities of rain or snow2 and 7,b7 may be primarily beneficial to the water supply or hazardous due to flooding4 7#b7 ,atmospheric river flooding event ,the term atmospheric river flooding event means an atmospheric river that-- 7,a7 results in flooding of rivers and streams or other hazards to human life1 property1 or the economy2 and 7,b7 is of particular concern to human health1 property1 and the economy1 as determined by the ,secretary of ,commerce4 7#c7 ,extreme precipitation event ,the term extreme precipitation event means precipitation quantities exceeding the #e-year annual recurrence interval for a specific location4 4 7b7 ,requirements ,section #ab7;d77#a7 of the ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #igjg7;d77#a77 is amended by inserting 1 such as precipitation resulting from hurricanes1 atmospheric river flooding events1 and extreme precipitation events before the period at the end4 #hjc4 ,reauthorization of ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7a7 ,definitions ,section #b of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #caja7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#d7 through 7#aa7 as paragraphs 7#g71 7#h71 7#aj71 7#aa71 7#ac71 7#ad71 7#ae71 and 7#af71 respectively2 7#b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#c7 the following3 7#d7 ,atmospheric river ,the term atmospheric river has the meaning given the term in section #ab7;a7 of the ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #igjg7;a774 7#e7 ,atmospheric river flooding event ,the term atmospheric river flooding event has the meaning given the term in section #ab7;a7 of the ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #igjg7;a774 7#f7 ,extreme precipitation event ,the term extreme precipitation event has the meaning given the term in section #ab7;a7 of the ,flood ,level ,observation1 ,operations1 and ,decision ,support ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #igjg7;a774 2 7#c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#h7 7as so redesignated7 the following3 7#i7 ,institution of higher education ,the term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term in section #aja7;a7 of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja7;a774 2 7#d7 by inserting after paragraph 7#aa7 7as so redesignated7 the following3 7#ab7 ,native ,hawaiian organization ,the term ,native ,hawaiian organization has the meaning given the term in section #fbjg of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #geag71 except that the term includes the ,department of ,hawaiian ,home ,lands and the ,office of ,hawaiian ,affairs4 2 and 7#e7 by adding at the end the following3 7#ag7 ,tribal organization ,the term ,tribal organization has the meaning given the term in section #d of the ,indian ,self-,determination and ,education ,assistance ,act 7#be ,u4,s4,c4 #ecjd74 4 7b7 ,national landslide hazards reduction program 7#a7 ,establishment ,section #c7;a77#c7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;a77#c77 is amended by striking protect and inserting contribute to protecting4 7#b7 ,program activities ,section #c7;b77#a77;,c77ii7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;b77#a77;,c77ii77 is amended by striking implement and inserting disseminate4 7#c7 ,national strategy ,section #c7;b77#b7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;b77#b77 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,c7 as clauses 7i7 through 7iii71 respectively1 and indenting appropriately2 7,b7 in the matter preceding clause 7i7 7as so redesignated71 by striking ,not later than and inserting the following3 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than 2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following3 7,b7 ,assessment ,for purposes of the first national strategy published after the date of enactment of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,commerce1 shall include an assessment of the risks that atmospheric river flooding events and extreme precipitation events pose to the safety of life and property in the ,united ,states with respect to landslide hazards4 4 7#d7 ,national landslide hazards database ,section #c7;b77#c7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;b77#c77 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,c7 and 7,d7 as subparagraphs 7,d7 and 7,e71 respectively2 and 7,b7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,b7 the following3 7,c7 the identification of areas in need of additional hazard risk assessment1 including areas that may be at risk due to-- 7i7 hydrology or changes in hydrology that may include erosion1 drought1 or other characteristics that could impact landslide risk2 7ii7 atmospheric river flooding events and extreme precipitation events1 as identified by the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary2 7iii7 geologic activity1 such as volcanic eruptions1 earthquakes1 or tsunamis2 or 7iv7 data-poor areas or hazards with poor monitoring that could contribute to increased landslide risk2 4 7#e7 ,landslide hazard and risk preparedness for communities ,section #c7;b77#d7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;b77#d77 is amended-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting ,native ,hawaiian organizations and other stakeholders1 as appropriate1 before and ,indian tribes2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding clause 7i71 by striking local1 and ,tribal governments and decisionmakers and inserting and local governments1 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 and other decisionmakers2 7ii7 by striking clause 7iii7 and inserting the following3 7iii7 health and safety with respect to landslides2 2 7iii7 by redesignating clause 7iv7 as clause 7v72 and 7iv7 by inserting after clause 7iii7 the following3 7iv7 reducing losses from landslides1 including the threats caused by atmospheric rivers and other extreme precipitation events2 and 2 and 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,b7-- 7i7 in clause 7i71 by striking local1 and ,tribal officials and inserting and local officials1 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations2 and 7ii7 in clause 7ii71 by striking local1 and ,tribal emergency managers and inserting and local emergency managers and emergency managers of ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations4 7#f7 ,debris flow early warning system ,section #c7;b77#e7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;b77#e77 is amended-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking ,state1 territorial1 local1 and ,tribal governments and inserting ,state1 territorial1 and local governments1 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations2 7,b7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,c7 as clauses 7i7 through 7iii71 respectively1 and indenting appropriately2 7,c7 in the matter preceding clause 7i7 7as so redesignated71 by striking ,in carrying out and inserting the following3 7,a7 ,in general ,in carrying out 2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7,b7 ,consultation ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary may consult with an institution of higher education described in subsection 7d77#b77;,b77iv7 and other stakeholders to establish and support emergency response procedures1 as appropriate4 4 7#g7 ,emergency response activities ,section #c7;b77#f7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;b77#f77 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,c7 as clauses 7i7 through 7iii71 respectively1 and indenting appropriately2 7,b7 in the matter preceding clause 7i7 7as so redesignated71 by striking ,in carrying and inserting the following3 7,a7 ,in general ,in carrying 2 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,a7 7as so designated7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding clause 7i7 7as so redesignated71 by inserting ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 before and ,indian tribes2 7ii7 in clause 7ii7 7as so redesignated71 by striking and at the end2 7iii7 in clause 7iii7 7as so redesignated71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7iv7 by adding at the end the following3 7iv7 to improve real-time risk management during landslide events1 including with respect to landslide events caused by-- 7,i7 hydrology or changes in hydrology that may include erosion1 drought1 or other characteristics that could impact landslide risk2 7,,ii7 atmospheric river flooding events and extreme precipitation events1 as identified by the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary2 7,,iii7 geologic activity1 such as volcanic eruptions1 earthquakes1 or tsunamis2 7,,iv7 data-poor areas or hazards with poor monitoring that could contribute to increased landslide risk2 or 7,v7 thawing permafrost and glacial retreat causing destabilization of slopes4 2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7,b7 ,consultation ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary may consult with an institution of higher education described in subsection 7d77#b77;,b77iv7 and the private sector4 4 7#h7 ,interagency ,coordinating ,committee on ,landslide ,hazards ,section #c7;c77#b7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;c77#b77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7,j7 ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 4 7#i7 ,advisory committee ,section #c7;d77#b77;,b7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7;d77#b77;,b77 is amended-- 7,a7 in clause 7iii71 by striking geological2 and 7,b7 in clause 7vi71 by striking local1 and ,tribal emergency management agencies and inserting and local emergency management agencies and emergency management agencies of ,indian tribes and ,native ,hawaiian organizations4 7#aj7 ,regional partnerships ,section #c of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating subsections 7e7 through 7i7 as subsections 7f7 through 7j71 respectively2 and 7,b7 by inserting after subsection 7d7 the following3 7e7 ,regional partnerships 7#a7 ,in general ,as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd1 the ,secretary shall establish in the ,state of ,alaska and other regions1 as the ,secretary determines to be appropriate1 a regional partnership with an eligible partner described in paragraph 7#b74 7#b7 ,eligible partners ,an organization or institution of higher education with expertise in landslide mapping1 research1 and monitoring shall be eligible for a regional partnership under paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,purposes and duties ,a regional partnership established under paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7,a7 allow the ,secretary to leverage applicable expertise in regional organizations2 7,b7 coordinate long-term landslide research specific to the applicable region2 and 7,c7 align interagency landslide monitoring efforts4 4 7#aa7 ,grant programs ,section #c of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7 is amended1 in paragraph 7#a7 of subsection 7f7 7as so redesignated7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a77i71 by striking local1 and ,tribal governments to research1 map1 assess and inserting and local governments1 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations to research1 map1 assess1 monitor2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,b7-- 7i7 in clause 7i71 by inserting institutions of higher education described in subsection 7d77#b77;,b77iv71 before and ,indian tribes2 and 7ii7 in clause 7ii7-- 7,i7 by redesignating subclauses 7,,ii7 through 7,,iv7 as subclauses 7,,iii7 through 7,v71 respectively2 and 7,,ii7 by inserting after subclause 7,i7 the following3 7,,ii7 in regions that have recently experienced loss of life due to landslides2 2 and 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,c7-- 7i7 in clause 7i71 by inserting awarded after grants2 and 7ii7 in clause 7ii71 by striking made and inserting or other accomplishments resulting4 7#ab7 ,significant events ,section #c of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7 is amended1 in subsection 7h77#c7 7as so redesignated71 by striking local1 and ,tribal partners and inserting and local partners1 ,indian tribes1 ,tribal organizations1 and ,native ,hawaiian organizations4 7#ac7 ,funding ,section #c of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajb7 is amended1 in subsection 7i7 7as so redesignated7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by striking #bjbd and inserting #bjbi2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 #be1jjj1jjj to carry out this section and inserting from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey1 #ce1jjj1jjj shall be used to carry out this section1 of which not less than #aj1jjj1jjj shall be used for the purchase1 deployment1 and repair of landslide early warning systems in high risk areas4 7c7 #c;,d elevation program 7#a7 ,establishment ,section #e7;a7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajd7;a77 is amended-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a77;,a71 by inserting and derivative after #c;,d elevation2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b77;,b77i71 by inserting 1 process1 and integrate after acquire4 7#b7 #c;,d ,elevation ,federal ,interagency ,coordinating ,committee ,section #e7;b77#c7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajd7;b77#c77 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,d7 and 7,e7 as subparagraphs 7,e7 and 7,f71 respectively2 and 7,b7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,c7 the following3 7,d7 the #c;,d ,hydrography ,program ,working ,group2 4 7#c7 ,grants and cooperative agreements ,section #e7;d77#c7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajd7;d77#c77 is amended by striking publically and inserting publicly4 7#d7 ,funding ,section #e7;e7 of the ,national ,landslide ,preparedness ,act 7#dc ,u4,s4,c4 #cajd7;e77 is amended by striking #bjbd and inserting #bjbi4 ,,ix ,illegal ,red ,snapper ,enforcement ,act #ija4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,illegal ,red ,snapper ,enforcement ,act4 #ijb4 ,methodology for identifying the country of origin of red snapper imported into the ,united ,states 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#b7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#c7 ,under ,secretary ,the term ,under ,secretary means the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology and the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology4 7b7 ,standard methodology for identification ,the ,under ,secretary and the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,commissioner of ,u4,s4 ,customs and ,border ,protection and the ,commandant of the ,coast ,guard1 shall jointly develop a standard methodology based on chemical analysis for identifying the country of origin of red snapper imported into the ,united ,states that-- 7#a7 is consistent with the needs of ,federal and ,state law enforcement agencies in combating illegal1 unreported1 and unregulated fishing2 7#b7 minimizes processing time2 and 7#c7 involves the use of a field kit that can be easily carried by one individual4 7c7 ,report ,not later #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report that includes the following3 7#a7 ,a summary of the methodology developed under subsection 7b74 7#b7 ,a plan for operationalizing the methodology developed under subsection 7b74 7#c7 ,recommendations for further research on identification methods1 including other potential applications of the methodology4 ,x ,accelerating ,networking1 ,cyberinfrastructure1 and ,hardware for ,oceanic ,research ,act #ajja4 ,short title ,this title may be cited as the ,accelerating ,networking1 ,cyberinfrastructure1 and ,hardware for ,oceanic ,research ,act or the ,,anchor ,act4 #ajjb4 ,definitions ,in this title3 7#a7 ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet ,the term ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet means the ,united ,states-flagged vessels that-- 7,a7 have been accepted into1 and are active participants administered within1 the ,university-,national ,oceanographic ,laboratory ,system2 7,b7 are operated as oceanographic research vessels by research universities and laboratories2 7,c7 receive funding from the ,national ,science ,foundation2 and 7,d7 have achieved designation as a member vessel through a standard evaluation process4 7#b7 ,director ,the term ,director means the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7#c7 ,oceanographic research vessel ,the term oceanographic research vessel has the meaning given the term in section #baja of title #df1 ,united ,states ,code4 #ajjc4 ,plan to improve cybersecurity and telecommunications of ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,director shall1 in consultation with the head of any ,federal agency1 university1 or laboratory that owns or operates a vessel of the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet1 submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,space1 ,science1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a plan to improve the cybersecurity and telecommunications of the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet4 7b7 ,elements ,the plan required by subsection 7a7 shall include-- 7#a7 an assessment of the telecommunications and networking needs of the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet1 consistent with the typical scientific mission of that vessel2 7#b7 in accordance with guidance issued by the ,cybersecurity and ,infrastructure ,security ,agency and the ,national ,institute for ,standards and ,technology1 an assessment of cybersecurity needs appropriate for-- 7,a7 the ownership of vessels within the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet2 and 7,b7 the typical research functions and topics of such vessels2 7#c7 an assessment of the costs necessary to meet the needs described in paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b71 including-- 7,a7 any necessary equipment1 such as satellite communications equipment1 software1 high-performance computing clusters shipboard and shoreside1 or enterprise hardware2 and 7,b7 estimated personnel costs in excess of current expenditures1 including any necessary training1 support1 or logistics2 7#d7 an assessment of the time required to implement any upgrades required to meet the needs described in paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b7 under varying budgets and funding scenarios2 7#e7 the adoption of common solutions or consortial licensing agreements1 or by centralizing elements of fleet cybersecurity1 telecommunications or data management at a single facility2 and 7#f7 in consultation with any non-,federal owners of a vessel of the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet1 a spending plan for the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,office of ,naval ,research1 non-,federal owners of vessels of the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet1 users of the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet1 or any combination thereof1 to provide funding to cover the costs described in paragraph 7#c74 7c7 ,considerations ,the ,director shall1 in preparing the plan required by subsection 7a71 consider-- 7#a7 the network capabilities1 including speed and bandwidth targets1 necessary to meet the scientific mission needs of each class of vessel within the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet for such purposes as-- 7,a7 executing the critical functions and communications of the vessel2 7,b7 providing network access for the health and well-being of deployed personnel1 including communications to conduct telemedicine 7including mental health care71 counseling1 interviews with crisis response providers1 and other remote individual care and services2 7,c7 as necessary to meet operations1 uploading any scientific data to a shoreside server1 including the copying of data off ship for disaster recovery or risk mitigation purposes2 7,d7 as appropriate1 conducting real-time streaming to enable shore-based observers to participate in ship-based maintenance or research activities2 7,e7 real-time coordinated viewing of-- 7i7 scientific instrumentation so that it is possible to conduct scientific surveys and seafloor mapping with fully remote subject-matter experts2 and 7ii7 critical operational technology by manufacturers and vendors so that it is possible to carry out maintenance and repairs to systems with limited expertise on the vessel1 with fully remote subject-matter experts advising2 and 7,f7 as appropriate1 enabling video communications to allow improved outreach to1 and other educational services for1 ,k-#ab students1 including occasional remote classroom teaching for instructors at sea to improve oceanographic access for students2 and 7#b7 in consultation with the ,director of the ,cybersecurity and ,infrastructure ,security ,agency1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute for ,standards and ,technology1 and the heads of other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate-- 7,a7 the cybersecurity recommendations in the report of the private scientific advisory group known as ,,jason entitled ,cybersecurity at ,,nsf ,major ,facilities 7,,jsr-#ba-aj;,e7 and dated ,october #bjba as applied to the ,u4,s4 ,academic ,research ,fleet2 7,b7 aligning with international standards and guidance for information security1 including the use of encryption for sensitive information1 the detection and handling of security incidents1 and other areas determined relevant by the ,director2 7,c7 facilitating access to cybersecurity personnel and training of research and support personnel2 and 7,d7 the requirements for controlled unclassified or classified information4 ,,xi ,other authorities #aaja4 ,meteorological observations in the ,arctic region 7a7 ,establishment of meteorological observation stations in the ,arctic region ,the ,under ,secretary may take such action as may be necessary in the development of an international basic meteorological observation network in the ,arctic region of the ,western ,hemisphere1 including the establishment1 operation1 and maintenance of observation stations in cooperation with-- 7#a7 the ,department of ,state and other ,federal agencies2 7#b7 the meteorological services and space-based assets of the ,united ,states and foreign countries2 7#c7 the commercial sector2 7#d7 local communities and ,indian ,tribes in the ,arctic region2 and 7#e7 persons engaged in air and marine commerce4 7b7 ,appointment and compensation of employees for conduct of meteorological investigations in ,arctic region ,the ,secretary of ,commerce1 acting through the ,under ,secretary1 may-- 7#a7 appoint employees for the conduct of meteorological investigations in the ,arctic region without regard to the civil service laws and fix their compensation without regard to chapter #ea and subchapter ,,iii of chapter #ec of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code1 and sections #eedb1 #eedc1 #eede1 and #eedf of that title1 at base rates not to exceed the maximum scheduled rate for ,,gs-#ab of the ,general ,schedule under section #eccb of that title2 and 7#b7 grant extra compensation to employees of other ,federal agencies for taking and transmitting meteorological observations without regard to section #eecc of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7c7 ,transfer from other government departments of surplus equipment and supplies for ,arctic stations ,subject to approval of the ,president1 and without charge to the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the ,secretary of the ,army1 the ,secretary of the ,air ,force1 and the ,secretary of the ,navy may transfer to the ,national ,weather ,service equipment and supplies that are surplus to the needs of their respective ,departments and necessary for the establishment1 maintenance1 and operation of ,arctic observation stations in the ,united ,states4 7d7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that observations in polar regions and remote areas are important for weather and environmental monitoring4 7e7 ,repeal ,the first section of the ,act of ,february #ab1 #aidf 7#fj ,stat4 #d1 chapter #d2 #ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cac;a7 is hereby repealed4 #aajb4 ,unfunded priorities list1 reports1 and plans 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,administration ,the term ,administration means the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#b7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#c7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate2 7,b7 the ,committee on ,appropriations of the ,senate2 7,c7 the ,committee on ,natural ,resources of the ,house of ,representatives2 7,d7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives2 and 7,e7 the ,committee on ,appropriations of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#d7 ,capital budgetary line item ,the term capital budgetary line item means a line item in the budget justification materials submitted to ,congress in support of the budget of the ,president for a fiscal year pursuant to section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code1 for any aircraft or vessel for the ,administration valued at more than #c1jjj1jjj4 7#e7 ,infrastructure and assets ,the term infrastructure and assets means-- 7,a7 repair and construction of infrastructure1 facilities1 and laboratories2 7,b7 instrumentation2 7,c7 resources for data storage and analysis1 including options for cloud-based and supercomputing services2 and 7,d7 with respect to the ,office of ,marine and ,aviation ,operations1 aircraft1 vessels1 and uncrewed systems1 associated facility construction and repair needs1 instrumentation1 and requirements to operate new and existing assets to reliably meet the mission needs of the ,administration4 7#f7 ,unfunded priority ,the term unfunded priority means a program or mission requirement that-- 7,a7 has not been selected for funding in the applicable proposed budget2 7,b7 is necessary to fulfill a statutory or mission requirement2 and 7,c7 the ,administrator would have recommended for inclusion in the applicable proposed budget had additional resources been available or had the requirement emerged before the budget was submitted4 7b7 ,unfunded priorities list 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ae days after the date on which the ,president submits to ,congress the budget of the ,president for a fiscal year pursuant to section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,assistant ,administrator for each line office of the ,administration1 shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a report that includes a list of unfunded priorities of the ,administration4 7#b7 ,inclusions ,the list required by paragraph 7#a7 shall include unfunded priorities related to the needs of the ,administration-- 7,a7 to meet statutory and mission requirements to-- 7i7 protect human life1 property1 and the economy from the impacts of weather1 water1 and space weather2 7ii7 manage the ,nation's fisheries and ocean1 coastal1 and ,great ,lakes resources2 and 7iii7 manage1 steward1 and make improvements to data storage1 accessibility1 interoperability1 and utilization2 7,b7 with respect to infrastructure and assets to meet statutory and mission requirements1 including-- 7i7 needs with respect to-- 7,i7 repair and construction of infrastructure1 facilities1 and laboratories2 7,,ii7 scientific support equipment and instrumentation2 and 7,,iii7 resources for data storage and analysis1 including options for cloud-based and supercomputing services2 and 7ii7 with respect to the ,office of ,marine and ,aviation ,operations1 in coordination with the ,assistant ,administrator for ,marine and ,aviation ,operations1 needs with respect to aircraft and vessels1 associated facility construction and repair needs1 and resources required to operate new and existing assets2 7,c7 with respect to operational shortfalls that compromise the ability of the ,administration to meet the statutory and mission requirements described in subparagraph 7,a71 including by compromising the ability of the ,administration to meet those requirements in a timely manner2 7,d7 with respect to mitigating fishery disasters1 including in accordance with the requirements under the heading ,fisheries disaster assistance in title ,,ii of the ,disaster ,relief ,supplemental ,appropriations ,act1 #bjbc 7division ,n of ,public ,law #aag-cbh72 and 7,e7 with respect to transitioning successful experimental programs under the ,office of ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,research as of the date of the enactment of this ,act into an operational capacity under another office of the ,administration4 7#c7 ,prioritization ,the list required by paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7,a7 present the unfunded priorities of the ,administration in order from highest to lowest priority1 as determined by the ,administrator2 and 7,b7 with respect to each unfunded priority1 include-- 7i7 a brief description of the unfunded priority and its relationship to the statutory and mission requirements of the ,administration2 7ii7 an estimate of the funding level required2 and 7iii7 an assessment of the status of the design or acquisition program1 if applicable4 7c7 ,stock assessments and surveys 7#a7 ,planned stock assessments and surveys ,not later than ,february #a of each year1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,assistant ,administrator for ,marine and ,aviation ,operations and the ,assistant ,administrator for the ,national ,marine ,fisheries ,service1 shall make available on a publicly accessible website a list of planned stock assessments and surveys for the upcoming fiscal year4 7#b7 ,priority stock assessments in unfunded priorities list ,the list required by subsection 7b77#a7 shall include such priority stock assessments described in subparagraph 7,b77ii7 of section #cjd7;e77#a7 of the ,magnuson-,stevens ,fishery ,conservation and ,management ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #ahed7;e77#a771 as added by paragraph 7#c71 that are unfunded priorities4 7#c7 ,data poor stocks ,section #cjd7;e77#a7 of the ,magnuson-,stevens ,fishery ,conservation and ,management ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #ahed7;e77#a77 is amended-- 7,a7 by inserting 7,a7 after 7#a72 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following3 7,b7 ,the report required by subparagraph 7,a7 shall include-- 7i7 an assessment of whether stock survey data is adequately available1 not available1 or not sufficiently available2 7ii7 priority stock assessments and surveys conducted for the purpose of-- 7,i7 significantly decreasing uncertainty in stock assessments2 7,,ii7 maintaining continuity of data for species management2 or 7,,iii7 increasing the ability of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration to meet the statutory and mission requirements described in section #aajb7;b77#b77;,a7 of the ,weather ,act ,reauthorization ,act of #bjbd2 and 7iii7 for the priority stock assessments under clause 7ii71 a description of the type1 resource needs1 and estimated cost of increased survey efforts to meet the goals under that clause4 4 7d7 ,capital investment plan 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #fj days after the date on which the ,president submits to ,congress the budget of the ,president for a fiscal year pursuant to section #aaje of title #ca1 ,united ,states ,code1 the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,assistant ,administrator for ,marine and ,aviation ,operations and the ,assistant ,administrators for the line offices of the ,administration1 as appropriate1 shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a future-years capital investment plan4 7#b7 ,inclusions ,the plan required by paragraph 7#a7 shall include-- 7,a7 the fleet replacement and modernization plan required by section #fjd of the ,,noaa ,fleet ,modernization ,act 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #hia;b72 7,b7 the ,,noaa ,aircraft ,recapitalization ,plan and any plan developed to carry out section #aagjh of the ,don ,young ,coast ,guard ,authorization ,act of #bjbb 7#cc ,u4,s4,c4 #hea note prec472 and 7,c7 any other plan the ,administrator considers appropriate4 7#c7 ,elements ,the plan required by paragraph 7#a7 shall identify1 for each capital budgetary line item-- 7,a7 the proposed funding level included in the applicable proposed budget2 7,b7 the total estimated cost of completion2 7,c7 projected funding levels for each fiscal year for the next #e fiscal years or until completion1 whichever is earlier2 7,d7 an estimated completion date at the projected funding levels2 and 7,e7 changes1 if any1 in the total estimated cost of completion or estimated completion date from previous future-years capital investment plans submitted under this subsection4 #aajc4 ,miscellaneous authorities 7a7 ,technical assistance in the ,pacific 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 and at the discretion of the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,under ,secretary may provide to ,pacific ,island parties technical assistance and services in line with the mission of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4 7#b7 ,regional capacity 7,a7 ,use of existing programs1 offices1 and sites ,to implement this subsection1 the ,under ,secretary shall primarily use existing programs1 offices1 and sites of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration in the ,pacific ,islands region4 7,b7 ,cooperative institute ,in order to further augment existing regional capacity in the ,pacific ,islands region1 the ,under ,secretary may consider the formation of a cooperative institute to focus and advise on the unique needs of that region4 7#c7 ,pacific ,island parties defined ,in this subsection1 the term ,pacific ,island parties means-- 7,a7 the ,trust ,territories of the ,pacific ,islands2 7,b7 the ,republic of ,palau1 the ,republic of the ,marshall ,islands1 and the ,federated ,states of ,micronesia1 which have each entered into a ,compact of ,free ,association with the ,united ,states2 and 7,c7 such other parties as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate4 7b7 ,state assistance ,the ,under ,secretary may provide technical assistance1 data1 and operational products or services in support of ,state governments1 or entities and institutions partnering or collaborating with ,state governments1 in the voluntary production of ,state climate or weather assessments4 7c7 ,international collaboration 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,director of the ,national ,weather ,service1 may establish and maintain partnerships and other relationships with national and regional weather services around the world to support the co-development and deployment of weather and climate information and instrumentation4 7#b7 ,existing agreements and partnerships ,partnerships and other relationships established and maintained under paragraph 7#a71 including those provided by the international desks of the ,national ,centers for ,environmental ,prediction1 shall build upon existing agreements and partnerships with the ,department of ,state1 the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 and the ,world ,meteorological ,organization4 7d7 ,app- or web-,based tools ,the ,under ,secretary may1 in alignment with the #bast ,century ,integrated ,digital ,experience ,act 7,public ,law #aae-ccf2 #dd ,u4,s4,c4 #ceja note7 and the memorandum of the ,director of the ,office of ,management and ,budget dated ,september #bb1 #bjbc1 and entitled ,delivering a ,digital-,first ,public ,experience 7,m-#bc-bb71 develop and implement mobile applications1 modern application programming interfaces1 or web-based tools to increase the utility of and access to data1 services1 and products of the ,administration4 7e7 ,briefing ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary1 shall provide the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a briefing on the number and time commitment of intra-agency and interagency meetings1 councils1 boards1 and summits attended by each line office ,assistant ,administrator and ,deputy ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration4