,,ii  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dijg  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,july #ca1 #bjbd,mr4   
,m>key 7= himself & ,mr4 ,padilla7      
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on       
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to improve wea!r rese>* &     
=eca/+ by ! ,national ,oceanic &        
,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 & = o!r      
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,=eca/+ ,optimization =    
,robu/ ,e>? ,climate ,analysis &        
,subseasonal-to-,seasonal ,track+ ,act (
 #bjbd or ! ,,=eca/s ,track+ ,act (     
#bjbd4  #b4 ,improvem5ts to wea!r rese>*
 & =eca/+  7a7 ,improvem5ts to          
subseasonal-to-,seasonal =eca/+ ,section
 #agfb ( ! ,food ,security ,act ( #aihe 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heba7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by
 am5d+ subsection 7c7 to read z foll[s3 
7c7 ,functions  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,"u    
,secret>y & ! heads ( su* o!r programs (
 ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic     
,adm9i/ration z ! ,"u ,secret>y consid]s

 appropriate1 %all-- 7,a7 conduct &     
support fundam5tal rese>* to improve    
und]/&+ ( ! s\rces & limitations (      
season-to-season pr$ictability =        
temp]ature1 precipitation1 & o!r ,e>?   
sy/em v>iables & applications2  7,b7    
collect & utilize obs]vational data     
across ! ,e>? sy/em & o!r in=mation 9   
ord] to make usable1 reliable1 & timely 
f\ndational =eca/s (                    
subseasonal-to-seasonal temp]ature &    
precipitation2  7,c7 prioritize !       
advancem5t ( multi-model ensemble =eca/ 
sy/ems & =eca/ v]ification & evaluation 
capacity1 includ+-- 7i7 ! developm5t (  
advanc$ c\pl$ data assimilation me?ods  
us+ robu/ ,e>? sy/em obs]vational data2 
7ii7 ! developm5t ( improv$ c\pl$       
subseasonal-to-seasonal ensemble        
pr$iction sy/ems2  7iii7 ! improvem5t ( 
ex*anges & int]actions betwe5 datasets  
across diff]5t models & ,e>? sy/em      
obs]vations to bett] und]/& local       
relation%ips betwe5 & driv]s ( ocean1   
l&1 sn[1 & ice obs]vations2  7iv7 !     

provision ( additional res\rces = !     
rese>* & developm5t ( multi-model       
ensemble =eca/s = purposes ( advanc$    
=eca/ model+2 &  7v7 ! developm5t ( data
 managem5t /rategies to support         
op]ations & rese>* activities2  7,d7    
lev]age exi/+ rese>* & models f ! wea!r 
& ,e>? sy/em ent]prises to improve !    
=eca/s "u subp>agraph 7,b72  7,e7       
accel]ate ! op]ationalization ( em]g+   
model+ te*nologies develop$ )9 ! rese>* 
community1 includ+ pursuant to          
collaborations ) o!r ag5cies & entities1
 z det]m9$ appropriate ?r\gh increas$   
fund+ = activities "u section           
#ajb7;b77#e7 ( ! ,wea!r ,rese>* &       
,=eca/+ ,innovation ,act ( #bjag 7#ae   
,u4,s4,c4 #heab7;b77#e771 to support &  
assi/ ! cross developm5t ( fully c\pl$  
subseasonal-to- seasonal =eca/ sy/ems2  
7,f7 det]m9e & provide in=mation on h[ !
 subseasonal-to-seasonal temp]ature &   
precipitation1 z =eca/$ "u subp>agraph  
7,b7 may relate to-- 7i7 ! numb] &      
sev]ity ( dr\ghts1 fires1 tornadoes1    

hurricanes1 floods1 heat waves1 m>9e    
heat waves1 coa/al inundation1 w9t]     
/orms1 high-impact wea!r1 or o!r        
relevant natural disa/]s2  7ii7 sn[pack2
  7iii7 sea ice conditions2 &  7iv7     
p]mafro/ ?aw & increas$ microbial       
decomposition2 &  7,g7 develop an       
,int]net cle>+h\se to provide ! =eca/s  
"u subp>agraph 7,b7 & ! in=mation "u    
subp>agraphs 7,b7 & 7,f7 on bo? national
 & regional levels4  7#b7 ,e>? sy/em    
def9$ ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m ,e>?     
sy/em includes atmosph]e1 ocean1        
t]re/rial1 ice1 & relat$ processes1 &   
data t influ5ce or drive                
subseasonal-to-seasonal wea!r & climate4
  2 &  7#b7 by am5d+ subsection 7j7 to  
read z foll[s3  7j7 ,au?orization (     
appropriations  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re are  
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,"u     
,secret>y1 = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe &  
#bjbf-- 7,a7 #ej1cjj1jjj to c>ry out ?is
 section2 &  7,b7 = activities "u       
section #ajb7;b77#e7 ( ! ,wea!r ,rese>* 
& ,=eca/+ ,innovation ,act ( #bjag 7#ae 

,u4,s4,c4 #heab7;b77#e77 pursuant to    
subsection 7c77#e71 su* sums z may be   
necess>y to c>ry out su* subsection4    
7#b7 ,use ( funds ,am\nts appropriat$   
pursuant to an au?orization "u p>agraph 
7#a77;,b7 %all be us$ = ! designat$     
responsibilities ( ! model+ team ( !    
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration )9 ! ,e>? ,pr$iction      
,innovation ,c5t]1 includ+ activities t 
fall "u ! foll[+ focus areas3 7,a7      
,high-p]=mance comput+4  7,b7 ,sci5tific
 innovation4  7,c7 ,managem5t & plann+4 
7,d7 ,ext]nal engagem5t & community4  4 
7b7 ,wea!r & ,e>? ,sy/em ,model+ ,&     
,data ,assimilation ,work=ce ,innovation
 ,program  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,title ,,iv ( !
 ,wea!r ,rese>* & ,=eca/+ ,innovation   
,act ( #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heda et    
seq47 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !       
foll[+3  #dae4 ,wea!r & ,e>? ,sy/em     
,model+ & ,data ,assimilation ,work=ce  
,innovation ,program  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   
,"u ,secret>y %all e/abli% a program1 to
 be kn[n z ! ,wea!r & ,e>? ,sy/em       

,model+ & ,data ,assimilation ,work=ce  
,innovation ,program 79 ?is section     
ref]r$ to z ! program74  7b7 ,education 
& recruitm5t ,9 c>ry+ out ! program1 !  
,"u ,secret>y %all support ! education &
 recruitm5t ( p]sonnel & e/abli% a set (
 new work=ce developm5t programs to     
develop pa?ways = next-g5]ation         
rese>*]s1 eng9e]s1 & practition]s :o are
 skill$ 9 & c op]ate or develop wea!r & 
,e>? sy/em te*nologies t exploit &      
advance em]g+ comput+ ar*itectures1     
artificial intellig5ce & ma*9e le>n+1 & 
next-g5]ation data assimilation & obs]v+
 sy/ems1 includ+ ?r\gh f9ancial         
assi/ance = s*ol>%ips1 fell[%ips1 &     
rese>* at in/itutions ( high] education 
9 areas relevant to improvem5t ( data   
assimilation sy/ems & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em
 data model+ capabilities4  7c7 ,human  
capital plann+  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 c>ry+  
out ! program1 ! ,"u ,secret>y %all     
develop &1 on an annual basis1 revise a 
data assimilation & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em  
model+ work=ce human capital plan t     

id5tifies work=ce ne$s to facilitate    
innovation 9 em]g+ wea!r te*nologies &  
data assimilation sy/ems1 includ+ by    
id5tify+ gaps 9 fund+ & exp]tise1 hir+  
*all5ges1 & policies to mitigate turnov]
 t w help avoid mid-project /aff+       
*anges4  7#b7 ,submission ( plan ,! ,"u 
,secret>y %all submit ! data            
assimilation & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em model+
 work=ce human capital plan requir$ "u  
p>agraph 7#a71 & any revision to t plan1
 to ! ,secret>y ( ,comm]ce & ! ,director
 ( ! ,(fice ( ,managem5t & ,budget4     
7#c7 ,use ( plans  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,"u 
,secret>y %all use ! data assimilation &
 wea!r & ,e>? sy/em model+ work=ce human
 capital plans requir$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 
to c>ry out ! education & recruitm5t    
requir$ "u subsection 7b74  7,b7        
,pa?ways to hir+ ,9 c>ry+ out ! data    
assimilation & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em model+
 work=ce human capital plan requir$ "u  
p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,"u ,secret>y may use !
 pa?ways programs e/abli%$ "u "p #cfb ( 
title #e1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations   

7or a successor program71 to facilitate 
! recruitm5t & hir+ ( p]sonnel = data   
assimilation & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em model+
 activities4  7#d7 ,au?ority to provide 
funds ,if ! ,"u ,secret>y1 9 prep>+ !   
data assimilation & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em  
model+ work=ce human capital plan       
pursuant to p>agraph 7#a71 id5tifies    
work=ce gaps = ! data assimilation &    
wea!r & ,e>? sy/em model+ processes ( ! 
,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic        
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,"u ,secret>y may--    
7,a7 use funds made available to !      
,adm9i/ration to c>ry out su* plan2 &   
7,b7 e/abli% agreem5ts & aw>ds )        
in/itutions ( high] education or        
nonpr(it entities to facilitate !       
integration ( innovative data           
assimilation & wea!r & ,e>? sy/em model+
 te*nologies & sy/ems into ! l>g] wea!r 
ent]prise4  7d7 ,updates to direct hir+ 
au?ority ,! ,"u ,secret>y1 act+ ?r\gh ! 
,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,human ,capital  
,s]vices1 %all make necess>y updates to 
! eligibility requirem5ts = ! direct    

hir+ au?ority program ( ! ,national     
,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration to 
include ! program1 ! ,wea!r ,program    
,(fice ,innovation = ,next ,g5]ation    
,sci5ti/s ,diss]tation ,fell[%ip1 !     
,consortium = ,advanc$ ,data            
,assimilation ,rese>* & ,education1 &   
any o!r fell[%ip or int]n%ip programs   
det]m9$ by ! ,"u ,secret>y to be        
relevant to ! wea!r ent]prise4  7e7     
,report ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] !      
initial date on :i* ! ,"u ,secret>y     
provides funds "u subsection 7c77#d7 to 
an in/itution ( high] education or a    
nonpr(it entity1 ! ,"u ,secret>y %all1  
us+ in=mation ab\t ! program collect$ f 
any su* in/itution or entity 9 receipt (
 ^? funds1 submit to ! ,committee on    
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( !
 ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,sci5ce1      
,space1 & ,te*nology ( ! ,h\se (        
,repres5tatives a report on !           
effectiv5ess & impact ( ^? funds 9      
improv+ ! quality & prep>$ness ( ! wea!r
 & ,e>? sy/em model+ & data assimilation

 work=ce4  7f7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is       
section3 7#a7 ,e>? sy/em ,! t]m ,e>?    
sy/em includes atmosph]e1 ocean1        
t]re/rial1 ice1 & relat$ processes1 &   
data t influ5ce or drive                
subseasonal-to-seasonal wea!r & climate4
  7#b7 ,in/itution ( high] education ,! 
t]m in/itution ( high] education has !  
mean+ giv5 t t]m 9 section #aja ( !     
,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajja74  7#c7 ,nonpr(it entity
 ,! t]m nonpr(it entity has ! mean+ giv5
 t t]m 9 section #iija ( ! ,william ,m4 
7,mac7 ,?ornb]ry ,national ,def5se      
,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjba 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #dfea74  7g7             
,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are 
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to c>ry out !
 program #dj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s
 #bjbe ?r\gh #bjcj4  4  7#b7 ,cl]ical   
am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts 9 section    
#a7;b7 ( ! ,wea!r ,rese>* & ,=eca/+     
,innovation ,act ( #bjag 7,public ,law  
#aae-be2 #aca ,/at4 #ia7 is am5d$ by    
ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section    

#dad ! foll[+3  ,sec4 #dae4 ,wea!r &    
,e>? ,sy/em ,model+ & ,data             
,assimilation ,work=ce ,innovation      
,program4  4  7c7 ,au?orization (       
appropriations ,section #aaj7;a7 ( !    
,wea!r ,rese>* ,=eca/+ & ,innovation    
,act ( #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #heai7;a77  
is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#d77;,c71 by
 /rik+ 2 & & ins]t+ a semicolon2  7#b7 9
 p>agraph 7#e77;,c71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at
 ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 &  7#c7 by add+ at 
! end ! foll[+3  7#f7 #bfc1jcb1jjj = ea*
 ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe & #bjbf1 ( :i*--   
7,a7 #aga1eaf1jjj is au?oriz$ = wea!r   
laboratories & coop]ative in/itutes2    
7,b7 #ea1eaf1jjj is au?oriz$ = wea!r &  
air *emi/ry rese>* programs2 &  7,c7    
#dj1jjj1jjj is au?oriz$ = ! jo9t        
te*nology transf] initiative describ$ 9 
section #ajb7;b77#d74  4