,,ii #aahth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #dagh ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,april #ah1 #bjbd,ms4 ,cantwell 7for herself1 ,mr4 ,young1 ,mr4 ,hickenlooper1 and ,mrs4 ,blackburn7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation ,a ,,bill ,to establish artificial intelligence standards1 metrics1 and evaluation tools1 to support artificial intelligence research1 development1 and capacity building activities1 to promote innovation in the artificial intelligence industry by ensuring companies of all sizes can succeed and thrive1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents 7a7 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,future of ,artificial ,intelligence ,innovation ,act of #bjbd4 7b7 ,table of contents ,the table of contents for this ,act is as follows3 ,sec4 #a4 ,short title2 table of contents4,sec4 #b4 ,sense of ,congress4,sec4 #c4 ,definitions4,,title ,i--,voluntary artificial intelligence standards1 metrics1 evaluation tools1 testbeds1 and international cooperation ,subtitle ,a--,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute and testbeds,sec4 #aja4 ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute4,sec4 #ajb4 ,program on artificial intelligence testbeds4,sec4 #ajc4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology and ,department of ,energy testbed to identify1 test1 and synthesize new materials4,sec4 #ajd4 ,national ,science ,foundation and ,department of ,energy collaboration to make scientific discoveries through the use of artificial intelligence4,sec4 #aje4 ,progress report4,subtitle ,b--,international cooperation ,sec4 #aaa4 ,international coalition on innovation1 development1 and harmonization of standards with respect to artificial intelligence4,sec4 #aab4 ,requirement to support bilateral and multilateral artificial intelligence research collaborations4,subtitle ,c--,identifying regulatory barriers to innovation,sec4 #aba4 ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states identification of risks and obstacles relating to artificial intelligence and ,federal agencies4,,title ,,ii--,artificial intelligence research1 development1 capacity building activities,sec4 #bja4 ,public data for artificial intelligence systems4,sec4 #bjb4 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence4 #b4 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that policies governing artificial intelligence should maximize the potential and development of artificial intelligence to benefit all private and public stakeholders4 #c4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,agency ,the term agency has the meaning given such term in section #cejb of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 except such term shall include an independent regulatory agency1 as defined in such section4 7#b7 ,artificial intelligence ,the term artificial intelligence has the meaning given such term in section #ejjb of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idja74 7#c7 ,artificial intelligence blue-teaming ,the term artificial intelligence blue-teaming means an effort to conduct operational network vulnerability evaluations and provide mitigation techniques to entities who have a need for an independent technical review of the network security posture of an artificial intelligence system4 7#d7 ,artificial intelligence model ,the term artificial intelligence model means a component of an artificial intelligence system that is a model-- 7,a7 derived using mathematical1 computational1 statistical1 or machine-learning techniques2 and 7,b7 used as part of an artificial intelligence system to produce outputs from a given set of inputs4 7#e7 ,artificial intelligence red-teaming ,the term artificial intelligence red-teaming means structured adversarial testing efforts of an artificial intelligence system to identify risks1 flaws1 and vulnerabilities of the artificial intelligence system1 such as harmful outputs from the system1 unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors1 limitations1 or potential risks associated with the misuse of the system4 7#f7 ,artificial ,intelligence ,risk ,management ,framework ,the term ,artificial ,intelligence ,risk ,management ,framework means the most recently updated version of the framework developed and updated pursuant to section #bb;,a7c7 of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bgh;h-#a7;c774 7#g7 ,artificial intelligence system ,the term artificial intelligence system has the meaning given such term in section #gbbc of the ,advancing ,american ,,ai ,act 7#dj ,u4,s4,c4 #aacja note74 7#h7 ,critical infrastructure ,the term critical infrastructure has the meaning given such term in section #ajaf7;e7 of the ,uniting and ,strengthening ,america by ,providing ,appropriate ,tools ,required to ,intercept and ,obstruct ,terrorism 7,,usa ,,patriot ,,act7 ,act of #bjja 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e774 7#i7 ,federal laboratory ,the term ,federal laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #d of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgjc74 7#aj7 ,foundation model ,the term foundation model means an artificial intelligence model trained on broad data at scale and is adaptable to a wide range of downstream tasks4 7#aa7 ,generative artificial intelligence ,the term generative artificial intelligence means the class of artificial intelligence models that utilize the structure and characteristics of input data in order to generate outputs in the form of derived synthetic content4 ,such derived synthetic content can include images1 videos1 audio1 text1 software1 code1 and other digital content4 7#ab7 ,national ,laboratory ,the term ,national ,laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74 7#ac7 ,synthetic content ,the term synthetic content means information1 such as images1 videos1 audio clips1 and text1 that has been significantly modified or generated by algorithms1 including by artificial intelligence4 7#ad7 ,testbed ,the term testbed means a facility or mechanism equipped for conducting rigorous1 transparent1 and replicable testing of tools and technologies1 including artificial intelligence systems1 to help evaluate the functionality1 trustworthiness1 usability1 and performance of those tools or technologies4 7#ae7 ,,tevv ,the term ,,tevv means methodologies1 metrics1 techniques1 and tasks for testing1 evaluating1 verifying1 and validating artificial intelligence systems or components4 7#af7 ,watermarking ,the term watermarking means the act of embedding information that is intended to be difficult to remove1 into outputs generated by artificial intelligence1 including outputs such as text1 images1 audio1 videos1 software code1 or any other digital content or data1 for the purposes of verifying the authenticity of the output or the identity or characteristics of its provenance1 modifications1 or conveyance4 ,i ,voluntary artificial intelligence standards1 metrics1 evaluation tools1 testbeds1 and international cooperation ,a ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute and testbeds #aja4 ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute 7a7 ,establishment of ,institute 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology 7in this section referred to as the ,under ,secretary7 shall establish an institute on artificial intelligence4 7#b7 ,designation ,the institute established pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 shall be known as the ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute 7in this section referred to as the ,institute74 7#c7 ,mission ,the mission of the ,institute is as follows3 7,a7 ,to assist the private sector and agencies in developing voluntary best practices for the robust assessment of artificial intelligence systems4 7,b7 ,to provide technical assistance for the adoption and use of artificial intelligence across the ,federal ,government to improve the quality of government services4 7,c7 ,to develop guidelines1 methodologies1 and best practices to promote-- 7i7 development and adoption of voluntary1 consensus-based technical standards or industry standards2 7ii7 long-term advancements in artificial intelligence technologies2 and 7iii7 innovation in the artificial intelligence industry by ensuring that companies of all sizes can succeed and thrive4 7b7 ,director ,the ,under ,secretary shall appoint a director of the ,institute1 who shall be known as the ,director of the ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute 7in this section referred to as the ,director7 and report directly to the ,under ,secretary4 7c7 ,staff and authorities 7#a7 ,staff ,the ,director may hire such full-time employees as the ,director considers appropriate to assist the ,director in carrying out the functions of the ,institute4 7#b7 ,use of authority to hire critical technical experts ,in addition to making appointments under paragraph 7#a7 of this subsection1 the ,director1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,commerce1 may make appointments of scientific1 engineering1 and professional personnel1 and fix their basic pay1 under subsection 7b7 of section #f of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bge7 to hire critical technical experts4 7#c7 ,expansion of authority to hire critical technical experts ,such subsection is amended1 in the second sentence1 by striking #ae and inserting #cj4 7#d7 ,modification of sunset ,subsection 7c7 of such section is amended by striking the date that is #e years after the date of the enactment of this section and inserting ,december #cj1 #bjce4 7#e7 ,agreements ,the ,director may enter into such agreements1 including contracts1 grants1 cooperative agreements1 and other transactions1 as the ,director considers necessary to carry out the functions of the ,institute and on such terms as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate4 7d7 ,consultation and coordination ,in establishing the ,institute1 the ,under ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 coordinate with-- 7,a7 the ,secretary of ,energy2 7,b7 the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security2 7,c7 the ,secretary of ,defense2 7,d7 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation2 and 7,e7 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy2 and 7#b7 consult with the heads of such other ,federal agencies as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate4 7e7 ,functions ,the functions of the ,institute1 which the ,institute shall carry out in coordination with the laboratories of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 are as follows3 7#a7 ,research1 evaluation1 testing1 and standards ,the following functions relating to research1 evaluation1 testing1 and standards3 7,a7 ,conducting measurement research into system and model safety1 validity and reliability1 security1 capabilities and limitations1 explainability1 interpretability1 and privacy4 7,b7 ,working with the ,department of ,energy1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 public-private partnerships1 including the ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute ,consortium established under subsection 7f71 and other private sector organizations to develop testing environments and perform regular benchmarking and capability evaluations1 including artificial intelligence red-teaming as the ,director considers appropriate4 7,c7 ,working with consensus-based1 open1 and transparent standards development organizations 7,s,d,os7 and relevant industry1 ,federal laboratories1 civil society1 and academic institutions to advance development and adoption of clear1 implementable1 technically sound1 and technology-neutral voluntary standards and guidelines that incorporate appropriate variations in approach depending on the size of the entity1 the potential risks and potential benefits of the artificial intelligence system1 and the role of the entity 7such as developer1 deployer1 or user7 relating to artificial intelligence systems4 7,d7 ,building upon the ,artificial ,intelligence ,risk ,management ,framework to incorporate guidelines on generative artificial intelligence systems4 7,e7 ,developing a companion resource to the ,secure ,software ,development ,framework to incorporate secure development practices for generative artificial intelligence and for foundation models4 7,f7 ,developing and publishing cybersecurity tools1 methodologies1 best practices1 voluntary guidelines1 and other supporting information to assist persons who maintain systems used to create or train artificial intelligence models to discover and mitigate vulnerabilities and attacks4 7,g7 ,coordinating or developing guidelines1 metrics1 benchmarks1 and methodologies for evaluating artificial intelligence systems1 including the following3 7i7 ,cataloging existing artificial intelligence metrics1 benchmarks1 and evaluation methodologies used in industry and academia4 7ii7 ,testing and validating the efficacy of existing metrics1 benchmarks1 and evaluations1 as well as ,,tevv tools and products4 7iii7 ,funding and facilitating research and other activities in a transparent manner1 including at institutions of higher education and other nonprofit and private sector partners1 to evaluate1 develop1 or improve ,,tevv capabilities1 with rigorous scientific merit1 for artificial intelligence systems4 7iv7 ,evaluating foundation models for their potential effect in downstream systems1 such as when retrained or fine-tuned4 7,h7 ,coordinating with counterpart institutions of international partners and allies to promote global interoperability in the development of research1 evaluation1 testing1 and standards relating to artificial intelligence4 7,i7 ,developing tools1 methodologies1 best practices1 and voluntary guidelines for identifying vulnerabilities in foundation models4 7,j7 ,developing tools1 methodologies1 best practices1 and voluntary guidelines for relevant agencies to track incidents resulting in harm caused by artificial intelligence systems4 7#b7 ,implementation ,the following functions relating to implementation3 7,a7 ,using publicly available and voluntarily provided information1 conducting evaluations to assess the impacts of artificial intelligence systems1 and developing guidelines and practices for safe development1 deployment1 and use of artificial intelligence technology4 7,b7 ,aligning capability evaluation and red-teaming guidelines and benchmarks1 sharing best practices1 and coordinating on building testbeds and test environments with allies of the ,united ,states and international partners and allies4 7,c7 ,coordinating vulnerability and incident data sharing with international partners and allies4 7,d7 ,integrating appropriate testing capabilities and infrastructure for testing of models and systems4 7,e7 ,establishing blue-teaming capabilities to develop mitigation approaches and partner with industry to address risks and negative impacts4 7,f7 ,developing voluntary guidelines on-- 7i7 detecting synthetic content1 authenticating content and tracking of the provenance of content1 labeling original and synthetic content1 such as by watermarking1 and evaluating software and systems relating to detection and labeling of synthetic content2 7ii7 ensuring artificial intelligence systems do not violate privacy rights or other rights2 and 7iii7 transparency documentation of artificial intelligence datasets and artificial intelligence models4 7,g7 ,coordinating with relevant agencies to develop or support1 as the heads of the agencies determine appropriate1 sector- and application-specific profiles of the ,artificial ,intelligence ,risk ,management ,framework for different use cases1 integrating end-user experience and on-going development work into a continuously evolving toolkit4 7#c7 ,operations and engagement ,the following functions relating to operations and engagement3 7,a7 ,managing the work of the ,institute1 developing internal processes1 and ensuring that the ,institute meets applicable goals and targets4 7,b7 ,engaging with the private sector to promote innovation and competitiveness4 7,c7 ,engaging with international standards organizations1 multilateral organizations1 and similar institutes among allies and partners4 7f7 ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute ,consortium 7#a7 ,establishment 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall establish a consortium of stakeholders from academic or research communities1 ,federal laboratories1 private industry1 including companies of all sizes with different roles in the use of artificial intelligence systems1 including developers1 deployers1 and users1 and civil society with expertise in matters relating to artificial intelligence to support the ,institute in carrying out the functions set forth under subsection 7e74 7,b7 ,designation ,the consortium established pursuant to subparagraph 7,a7 shall be known as the ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute ,consortium4 7#b7 ,consultation ,the ,under ,secretary1 acting through the ,director1 shall consult with the consortium established under this subsection not less frequently than quarterly4 7#c7 ,report to ,congress ,not later than #b years after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report summarizing the contributions of the members of the consortium established under this subsection in support the efforts of the ,institute4 7g7 ,artificial intelligence system testing ,in carrying out the ,institute functions required by subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary shall support and contribute to the development of voluntary1 consensus-based technical standards for testing artificial intelligence system components1 including1 as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate1 the following3 7#a7 ,physical infrastructure for training or developing artificial intelligence models and systems1 including cloud infrastructure4 7#b7 ,physical infrastructure for operating artificial intelligence systems1 including cloud infrastructure4 7#c7 ,data for training artificial intelligence models4 7#d7 ,data for evaluating the functionality and trustworthiness of trained artificial intelligence models and systems4 7#e7 ,trained or partially trained artificial intelligence models and any resulting software systems or products4 7h7 ,gifts 7#a7 ,authority ,the ,director may seek1 accept1 hold1 administer1 and use gifts from public and private sources whenever the ,director determines it would be in the interest of the ,united ,states to do so4 7#b7 ,regulations ,the ,director1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,office of ,government ,ethics1 shall ensure that authority under this subsection is exercised consistent with all relevant ethical constraints and principles1 including-- 7,a7 the avoidance of any prohibited conflict of interest or appearance of impropriety2 and 7,b7 a prohibition against the acceptance of a gift from a foreign government or an agent of a foreign government4 7i7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to provide the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology any enforcement authority that was not in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this ,act4 #ajb4 ,program on artificial intelligence testbeds 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,appropriate committees of ,congress ,the term appropriate committees of ,congress means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate2 and 7,b7 the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#b7 ,director ,the term ,director means the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7#c7 ,institute ,the term ,institute means the ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute established by section #aja4 7#d7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,energy4 7#e7 ,under ,secretary ,the term ,under ,secretary means the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,standards and ,technology4 7b7 ,program required ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,under ,secretary shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary and the ,director1 establish and commence carrying out a testbed program to encourage collaboration and support partnerships between the ,national ,laboratories1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,resource pilot program established by the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 or any successor program1 and public and private sector entities1 including companies of all sizes1 to conduct research and development1 tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments of artificial intelligence systems1 including measurement methodologies developed by the ,institute4 7c7 ,activities ,in carrying out this program1 the ,under ,secretary shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary-- 7#a7 use the advanced computing resources1 testbeds1 and expertise of the ,national ,laboratories1 the ,institute1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and private sector entities to run tests and evaluations on the capabilities and limitations of artificial intelligence systems2 7#b7 use existing solutions to the maximum extent practicable2 7#c7 develop automated and reproducible tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments for artificial intelligence systems to the extent that is practicable2 7#d7 assess the computational resources necessary to run tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments of artificial intelligence systems2 7#e7 research methods to effectively minimize the computational resources needed to run tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments of artificial intelligence systems2 7#f7 consider developing tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments for artificial intelligence systems that are designed for high-1 medium-1 and low-computational intensity2 and 7#g7 prioritize identifying and evaluating scenarios in which the artificial intelligence systems tested or evaluated by a testbed could be deployed in a way that poses security risks1 and either establishing classified testbeds1 or utilizing existing classified testbeds1 at the ,national ,laboratories if necessary1 including with respect to-- 7,a7 autonomous offensive cyber capabilities2 7,b7 cybersecurity vulnerabilities in the artificial intelligence software ecosystem and beyond2 7,c7 chemical1 biological1 radiological1 nuclear1 critical infrastructure1 and energy-security threats or hazards2 and 7,d7 such other capabilities as the ,under ,secretary determines necessary4 7d7 ,consideration given ,in carrying out the activities required by subsection 7c71 the ,under ,secretary shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary1 take under consideration the applicability of any tests1 evaluations1 and risk assessments to artificial intelligence systems trained using primarily biological sequence data1 including those systems used for gene synthesis4 7e7 ,metrics ,the ,under ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,secretary1 shall develop metrics-- 7#a7 to assess the effectiveness of the program in encouraging collaboration and supporting partnerships as described in subsection 7b72 and 7#b7 to assess the impact of the program on public and private sector integration and use of artificial intelligence systems4 7f7 ,use of existing program ,in carrying out the program required by subsection 7a71 the ,under ,secretary may1 in collaboration with the ,secretary and the ,director1 use a program that was in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7g7 ,evaluation and findings ,not later than #c years after the start of this program1 the ,under ,secretary shall1 in collaboration with the ,secretary-- 7#a7 evaluate the success of the program in encouraging collaboration and supporting partnerships as described in subsection 7b71 using the metrics developed pursuant to subsection 7e72 7#b7 evaluate the success of the program in encouraging public and private sector integration and use of artificial intelligence systems by using the metrics developed pursuant to subsection 7e72 and 7#c7 submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress the evaluation supported pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 and the findings of the ,under ,secretary1 the ,secretary1 and the ,director with respect to the testbed program4 7h7 ,consultation ,in carrying out subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary shall consult1 as the ,under ,secretary considers appropriate1 with the following3 7#a7 ,industry1 including private artificial intelligence laboratories1 companies of all sizes1 and representatives from the ,united ,states financial sector4 7#b7 ,academia and institutions of higher education4 7#c7 ,civil society4 7#d7 ,third-party evaluators4 7i7 ,establishment of foundation models test program ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7b71 the ,under ,secretary shall1 acting through the ,director of the ,institute and in coordination with the ,secretary of ,energy1 carry out a test program to provide vendors of foundation models the opportunity to voluntarily test foundation models across a range of modalities1 such as models that ingest and output text1 images1 audio1 video1 software code1 and mixed modalities1 relative to the ,artificial ,intelligence ,risk ,management ,framework1 by-- 7#a7 conducting research and regular testing to improve and benchmark the accuracy1 efficacy1 and bias of foundation models2 7#b7 conducting research to identify key capabilities1 limitations1 and unexpected behaviors of foundation models2 7#c7 identifying and evaluating scenarios in which these models could pose risks2 7#d7 establishing reference use cases for foundation models and performance criteria for assessing each use case1 including accuracy1 efficacy1 and bias metrics2 7#e7 enabling developers and deployers of foundation models to evaluate such systems for risks1 incidents1 and vulnerabilities if deployed in such use cases2 7#f7 coordinating public evaluations1 which may include prizes and challenges1 to evaluate foundation models2 and 7#g7 as the ,under ,secretary and the ,secretary consider appropriate1 producing public-facing reports of the findings from such testing for a general audience4 7j7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to require a person to disclose any information1 including information-- 7#a7 relating to a trade secret or other protected intellectual property right2 7#b7 that is confidential business information2 or 7#c7 that is privileged4 #ajc4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology and ,department of ,energy testbed to identify1 test1 and synthesize new materials 7a7 ,testbed authorized ,the ,secretary of ,commerce1 acting through the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 and the ,secretary of ,energy shall jointly establish a testbed to identify1 test1 and synthesize new materials to advance materials science and to support advanced manufacturing for the benefit of the ,united ,states economy through the use of artificial intelligence1 autonomous laboratories1 and artificial intelligence integrated with emerging technologies1 such as quantum hybrid computing and robotics4 7b7 ,support for accelerated technologies ,the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy shall ensure that technologies accelerated using the testbed established pursuant to subsection 7a7 are supported by advanced algorithms and models1 uncertainty quantification1 and software and workforce development tools to produce benchmark data1 model comparison tools1 and best practices guides4 7c7 ,public-,private partnerships ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy shall1 in consultation with industry1 civil society1 and academia1 enter into such public-private partnerships as the ,secretaries jointly determine appropriate4 7d7 ,resources ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,secretaries may use resources from ,national ,laboratories and the private sector4 #ajd4 ,national ,science ,foundation and ,department of ,energy collaboration to make scientific discoveries through the use of artificial intelligence 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation 7referred to in this section as the ,director7 and the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this section as the ,secretary7 shall collaborate to support new translational scientific discoveries and advancements for the benefit of the economy of the ,united ,states through the use of artificial intelligence1 including artificial intelligence integrated with emerging technologies1 such as quantum hybrid computing and robotics4 7b7 ,public-,private partnerships ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,director and the ,secretary shall enter into such public-private partnerships as the ,director and the ,secretary jointly determine appropriate4 7c7 ,resources ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,director and the ,secretary may accept and use resources from the ,national ,laboratories1 resources from the private sector1 and academic resources4 #aje4 ,progress report ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,artificial ,intelligence ,safety ,institute shall1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,commerce and the ,secretary of ,energy1 submit to ,congress a report on the implementation of this subtitle4 ,b ,international cooperation #aaa4 ,international coalition on innovation1 development1 and harmonization of standards with respect to artificial intelligence 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy 7in this section referred to as the 8,director071 in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies1 shall jointly seek to form an alliance or coalition with like-minded governments of foreign countries-- 7#a7 to cooperate on approaches to innovation and advancements in artificial intelligence and ecosystems for artificial intelligence2 7#b7 to coordinate on development and use of interoperable international standards or harmonization of standards with respect to artificial intelligence2 7#c7 to promote adoption of common artificial intelligence standards2 7#d7 to develop the government-to-government infrastructure needed to facilitate coordination of coherent global application of artificial intelligence safety standards1 including1 where appropriate1 putting in place agreements for information sharing between governments2 and 7#e7 to involve private-sector stakeholders from partner countries to help inform coalition partners on recent developments in artificial intelligence and associated standards development4 7b7 ,criteria for participation ,in forming an alliance or coalition of like-minded governments of foreign countries under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,director1 in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies1 shall jointly establish technology trust criteria-- 7#a7 to ensure all participating countries that have a high level of scientific and technological advancement2 7#b7 to ensure all participating countries commit to using open international standards2 and 7#c7 to support the governance principles for international standards as detailed in the ,world ,trade ,organization ,agreement on ,technical ,barriers to ,trade1 done at ,geneva ,april #ab1 #aigi1 on international standards1 such as transparency1 openness1 and consensus-based decision-making4 7c7 ,consultation on innovation and advancements in artificial intelligence ,in forming an alliance or coalition under subsection 7a71 the ,director1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 and the ,secretary of ,state shall consult with the ,secretary of ,energy and the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation on approaches to innovation and advancements in artificial intelligence4 7d7 ,security and protection of intellectual property ,the ,director1 the ,secretary of ,commerce1 and the ,secretary of ,state shall jointly ensure that an alliance or coalition formed under subsection 7a7 is only formed with countries that-- 7#a7 have in place sufficient intellectual property protections1 safety standards1 and risk management approaches relevant to innovation and artificial intelligence2 and 7#b7 develop and coordinate research security measures1 export controls1 and intellectual property protections relevant to innovation1 development1 and standard-setting relating to artificial intelligence4 7e7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit anyone from participating in other international standards bodies4 #aab4 ,requirement to support bilateral and multilateral artificial intelligence research collaborations 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall support bilateral and multilateral collaborations to facilitate innovation in research and development of artificial intelligence4 7b7 ,alignment with priorities ,the ,director shall ensure that collaborations supported under subsection 7a7 align with the priorities of the ,foundation and ,united ,states research community and have the potential to benefit ,united ,states prosperity1 security1 health1 and well-being4 7c7 ,requirements ,the ,director shall ensure that collaborations supported under subsection 7a7-- 7#a7 support innovation and advancement in research on the development and use of artificial intelligence2 7#b7 facilitate international collaboration on innovation and advancement in artificial intelligence research and development1 including data sharing1 expertise1 and resources2 and 7#c7 leverage existing ,national ,science ,foundation programs1 such as the ,national ,science ,foundation-supported ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,institutes and ,global ,centers programs4 7d7 ,coordination of security measures and export controls ,when entering into agreements in order to support collaborations pursuant to subsection 7a71 the ,director shall ensure that participating countries have developed and coordinated security measures and export controls to protect intellectual property and research and development4 ,c ,identifying regulatory barriers to innovation #aba4 ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states identification of risks and obstacles relating to artificial intelligence and ,federal agencies 7a7 ,report required ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,comptroller ,general of the ,united ,states shall submit to ,congress a report on regulatory impediments to innovation in artificial intelligence systems4 7b7 ,contents ,the report submitted pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall include the following3 7#a7 ,significant examples of ,federal statutes and regulations that directly affect the innovation of artificial intelligence systems1 including the ability of companies of all sizes to compete in artificial intelligence1 which should also account for the effect of voluntary standards and best practices developed by the ,federal ,government4 7#b7 ,an assessment of challenges that ,federal agencies face in the enforcement of provisions of law identified pursuant to paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,an evaluation of the progress in government adoption of artificial intelligence and use of artificial intelligence to improve the quality of government services4 7#d7 ,based on the findings of the ,comptroller ,general with respect to paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#d71 such recommendations as the ,comptroller ,general may have for legislative or administrative action to increase the rate of innovation in artificial intelligence systems4 ,,ii ,artificial intelligence research1 development1 capacity building activities #bja4 ,public data for artificial intelligence systems 7a7 ,list of priorities 7#a7 ,in general ,to expedite the development of artificial intelligence systems in the ,united ,states1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall1 acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council and the ,interagency ,committee established or designated pursuant to section #eajc of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idac71 develop a list of priorities for ,federal investment in creating or improving curated1 publicly available ,federal ,government data for training and evaluating artificial intelligence systems4 7#b7 ,requirements 7,a7 ,in general ,the list developed pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 shall-- 7i7 prioritize data that will advance novel artificial intelligence systems in the public interest2 and 7ii7 prioritize datasets unlikely to independently receive sufficient private sector support to enable their creation1 absent ,federal funding4 7,b7 ,datasets identified ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,a77ii71 the ,director shall identify #bj datasets to be prioritized4 7#c7 ,considerations ,in developing the list under paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall consider the following3 7,a7 ,applicability to the initial list of societal1 national1 and geostrategic challenges set forth by subsection 7b7 of section #ajchg of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aiajg71 or any successor list4 7,b7 ,applicability to the initial list of key technology focus areas set forth by subsection 7c7 of such section1 or any successor list4 7,c7 ,applicability to other major ,united ,states economic sectors1 such as agriculture1 health care1 transportation1 manufacturing1 communications1 weather services1 and positive utility to small and medium ,united ,states businesses4 7,d7 ,opportunities to improve datasets in effect before the date of the enactment of this ,act4 7,e7 ,inclusion of data representative of the entire population of the ,united ,states4 7,f7 ,potential national security threats to releasing datasets1 consistent with the ,united ,states ,government approach to data flows4 7,g7 ,requirements of laws in effect4 7,h7 ,applicability to the priorities listed in the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research and ,development ,strategic ,plan of the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council1 dated ,october #bjaf4 7,i7 ,ability to use data already made available to the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,resource ,pilot program or any successor program4 7#d7 ,public input ,before finalizing the list required by paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall implement public comment procedures for receiving input and comment from private industry1 academia1 civil society1 and other relevant stakeholders4 7b7 ,national ,science and ,technology ,council agencies ,the head of each agency with a representative included in the ,interagency ,committee pursuant to section #eajc7;c7 of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idac7;c77 or the heads of multiple agencies with a representative included in the ,interagency ,committee working cooperatively1 consistent with the missions or responsibilities of each ,executive agency-- 7#a7 subject to the availability of appropriations1 shall award grants or otherwise establish incentives1 through new or existing programs1 for the creation or improvement of curated datasets identified in the list developed pursuant to subsection 7a77#a71 including methods for addressing data scarcity2 7#b7 may establish or leverage existing initiatives1 including public-private partnerships1 to encourage private sector cost-sharing in the creation or improvement of such datasets2 7#c7 may apply the priorities set forth in the list developed pursuant to subsection 7a77#a7 to the enactment of ,federal public access and open government data policies2 7#d7 in carrying out this subsection1 shall ensure consistency with ,federal provisions of law relating to privacy1 including the technology and privacy standards applied to the ,national ,secure ,data ,service under section #ajcge7;f7 of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aijhe7;f772 and 7#e7 in carrying out this subsection1 shall ensure data sharing is limited with any country that the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states4 7c7 ,availability of datasets ,datasets that are created or improved by ,federal agencies may be made available to the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,research ,resource pilot program established by the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation in accordance with ,executive ,order #adaaj 7#hh ,fed4 ,reg4 #geaia2 relating to safe1 secure1 and trustworthy development and use of artificial intelligence71 or any successor program4 7d7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require the ,federal ,government or other contributors to disclose any information-- 7#a7 relating to a trade secret or other protected intellectual property right2 7#b7 that is confidential business information2 or 7#c7 that is privileged4 #bjb4 ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence 7a7 ,list of priorities for ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence 7#a7 ,list required ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall1 acting through the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council and the ,interagency ,committee established or designated pursuant to section #eajc of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idac71 in consultation with industry1 civil society1 and academia1 establish a list of priorities for ,federal grand challenges in artificial intelligence that seek-- 7,a7 to expedite the development of artificial intelligence systems in the ,united ,states2 and 7,b7 to stimulate artificial intelligence research1 development1 and commercialization that solves or advances specific1 well-defined1 and measurable challenges4 7#b7 ,contents ,the list established pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 may include the following priorities3 7,a7 ,to overcome challenges with engineering of and applied research on microelectronics1 including through integration of artificial intelligence with emerging technologies1 such as machine learning and quantum computing1 or with respect to the physical limits on transistors1 electrical interconnects1 and memory elements4 7,b7 ,to promote transformational or long-term advancements in computing and artificial intelligence technologies through-- 7i7 next-generation algorithm design2 7ii7 next-generation compute capability2 7iii7 generative and adaptive artificial intelligence for design applications2 7iv7 photonics-based microprocessors and optical communication networks1 including electrophotonics2 7v7 the chemistry and physics of new materials2 7vi7 energy use or energy efficiency2 7vii7 techniques to establish cryptographically secure content provenance information2 or 7viii7 safety and controls for artificial intelligence applications4 7,c7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions1 including through integration among emerging technologies such as quantum computing and machine learning1 to overcome barriers relating to innovations in advanced manufacturing in the ,united ,states1 including areas such as-- 7i7 materials1 nanomaterials1 and composites2 7ii7 rapid1 complex design2 7iii7 sustainability and environmental impact of manufacturing operations2 7iv7 predictive maintenance of machinery2 7v7 improved part quality2 7vi7 process inspections2 7vii7 worker safety2 and 7viii7 robotics4 7,d7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions in sectors of the economy1 such as expanding the use of artificial intelligence in maritime vessels1 including in navigation and in the design of propulsion systems and fuels4 7,e7 ,to develop artificial intelligence solutions to improve border security1 including solutions relevant to the detection of fentanyl1 illicit contraband1 and other illegal activities4 7#c7 ,periodic updates ,the ,director shall update the list established pursuant to paragraph 7#a7 periodically as the ,director determines necessary4 7b7 ,federal investment initiatives required ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the head of each agency with a representative on the ,interagency ,committee pursuant to section #eajc7;c7 of the ,national ,artificial ,intelligence ,initiative ,act of #bjbj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #idac7;c77 or the heads of multiple agencies with a representative on the ,interagency ,committee working cooperatively1 shall1 consistent with the missions or responsibilities of each agency1 establish #a or more prize competitions under section #bd of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgai71 challenge-based acquisitions1 or other research and development investments that each agency head deems appropriate consistent with the list of priorities established pursuant to subsection 7a77#a74 7c7 ,timing and announcements of ,federal investment initiatives ,the ,president1 acting through the ,director1 shall ensure that1 not later than #a year after the date on which the ,director establishes the list required by subsection 7a77#a71 at least #c prize competitions1 challenge-based acquisitions1 or other research and development investments are announced by heads of ,federal agencies under subsection 7b74 7d7 ,requirements ,each head of an agency carrying out an investment initiative under subsection 7b7 shall ensure that-- 7#a7 for each prize competition or investment initiative carried out by the agency under such subsection1 there is-- 7,a7 a positive impact on the economic competitiveness of the ,united ,states2 7,b7 a benefit to ,united ,states industry2 7,c7 to the extent possible1 leveraging of the resources and expertise of industry and philanthropic partners in shaping the investments2 and 7,d7 in a case involving development and manufacturing1 use of advanced manufacturing in the ,united ,states2 and 7#b7 all research conducted for purposes of the investment initiative is conducted in the ,united ,states4