,,ii  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dadd  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,april #ag1 #bjbd,mr4  
,he9ri* 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,wyd51 & ,mr4  
,padilla7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0
 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on 
,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces  ,a ,,bill  
,to improve ! reliability & adequacy ( !
 bulk-p[] sy/em by ensur+ t key         
unc]ta9ties 9 g5]ation1 transmission1   
en]gy /orage sy/ems1 & loads are        
consid]$ 9 res\rce adequacy model+ &    
integrat$ res\rce plann+1 & = o!r       
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,grid ,model+ ( ,dynamic   
,en]gy ,loads & ,res\rces ,act ( #bjbd  
or ! ,grid ,,model ,act ( #bjbd4  #b4   
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,bulk-p[] 
sy/em ,! t]m bulk-p[] sy/em has ! mean+ 
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #bae7;a7 ( ! ,f$]al
 ,p[] ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a774    
7#b7 ,commission ,! t]m ,commission     
means ! ,f$]al ,en]gy ,regulatory       
,commission4  7#c7 ,effective load c>ry+
 capability2 ,,elcc  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   

t]m effective load c>ry+ capability or  
,,elcc means ! ability ( a g5]at+       
res\rce to produce electricity :5 ! grid
 ne$s x1 measur$ z ! additional load 7or
 p]fect replacem5t capacity7 t ! sy/em c
 supply ) a p>ticul> g5]ator ( int]e/ ) 
no net *ange 9 reliability4  7,b7       
,cl>ification ,! additional load 7or    
p]fect replacem5t capacity7 ref]r$ to 9 
subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7i7 may be measur$   
us+ ,,lole1 ,,eue1 or o!r metrics2 &    
7ii7 may be divid$ by ! nameplate       
capacity ( ! g5]at+ res\rce to yield a  
p]c5tage4  7#d7 ,electric ,reliability  
,organization ,! t]m ,electric          
,reliability ,organization has ! mean+  
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #bae7;a7 ( ! ,f$]al
 ,p[] ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a774    
7#e7 ,electric utility ,! t]m electric  
utility has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section
 #c ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 
#gif74  7#f7 ,expect$ uns]v$ en]gy2     
,,eue ,! t]m expect$ uns]v$ en]gy or    
,,eue means ! cumulative am\nt ( en]gy  
79 megawatt-h\rs7 p] ye> t is n provid$ 

to cu/om]s due to outages4  7#g7        
,indep5d5t ,sy/em ,op]ator ,! t]m       
,indep5d5t ,sy/em ,op]ator has ! mean+  
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #c ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] 
,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74  7#h7        
,integrat$ res\rce plann+ ,! t]m        
integrat$ res\rce plann+ means model+ & 
evaluat+ h[ project$ long-t]m           
electricity dem&s 7su* z electricity    
dem&s ov] p]iods ( #e1 #aj1 #bj1 or m   
ye>s7 )9 a s]vice area c be met ) a     
comb9ation ( electric g5]ation res\rces 
t be/ a*ieve desir$ metrics1 su* z      
metrics relat+ to reliability1          
resili5ce1 & co/4  7#i7 ,loss ( load    
expectation2 ,,lole  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   
t]m loss ( load expectation or ,,lole   
means ! expect$ numb] ( days p] ye> t ! 
available g5]ation capacity is less ?an 
! sy/em load = ! applicable p[] grid    
region or s]vice area4  7,b7            
,cl>ification ,z ( ,novemb] #bjbc1 a    
commonly acceptable value = loss ( load 
expectation is #j4a days p] ye>1 z      
describ$ 9 ! /&>d ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican    

,electric ,reliability ,corporation     
entitl$ ,plann+ ,res\rce ,adequacy      
,analysis1 ,assessm5t & ,docum5tation & 
numb]$ ,,bal-#ejb-,,rf-#jc4  7#aj7      
,plann+ res]ve m>g9  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   
t]m plann+ res]ve m>g9 means ! quoti5t1 
express$ z a p]c5tage1 obta9$ by        
divid+-- 7i7 ! diff]5ce betwe5-- 7,i7   
deliv]able electric sy/em supply        
capacity = a p[] grid region or s]vice  
area2 &  7,,ii7 net dem& 9 t p[] grid   
region or s]vice area2 by  7ii7 net dem&
 9 t p[] grid region or s]vice area4    
7,b7 ,cl>ification ,z ( ,novemb] #bjbc1 
a res]ve m>g9 fall+ )9 ! range f #ae    
p]c5t to #be p]c5t is typical = a p[]   
grid region or s]vice area4  7#aa7 ,p[] 
grid ,! t]m p[] grid means t portion (  
an ,int]connection 7z def9$ 9 section   
#bae7;a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] ,act 7#af      
,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a777 t is locat$ )9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! relevant       
portion ( ea* ( ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! ,ea/]n
 ,int]connection4  7,b7 ,! ,we/]n       
,int]connection4  7,c7 ,! ,texas        

,int]connection4  7#ab7 ,p[] grid region
 ,! t]m p[] grid region means a         
geographic area-- 7,a7 locat$ )9 a p[]  
grid2 &  7,b7 = :i* a regional entity 7z
 def9$ 9 subsection 7a7 ( section #bae (
 ! ,f$]al ,p[] ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4      
#hbdo77 has en=cem5t au?ority "u t      
section4  7#ac7 ,probabili/ic model+    
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! t]m probabili/ic model+
 means a model+ approa* t uses /ati/ics 
to simulate & quantify ! likelihood (   
a*iev+ desir$ metrics1 tak+ into        
consid]ation all model$ unc]ta9ties1 =  
det]m9ation ( ! optimal res\rce         
portfolio1 su* z a model+ approa*       
consi/5t ) ! docum5t ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican 
,electric ,reliability ,corporation     
entitl$ ,probabili/ic ,assessm5t        
,te*nical ,guidel9e ,docum5t & dat$     
,augu/ #bjaf1 includ+ ! recomm5dations  
describ$ 9 t docum5t4  7,b7 ,inclusion  
,! t]m probabili/ic model+ includes     
model+ t c id5tify ! mo/ important      
p>amet]s t impact a simulat$ metric =   
fur!r *>act]ization or optimization4    

7#ad7 ,regional ,transmission           
,organization ,! t]m ,regional          
,transmission ,organization has ! mean+ 
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #c ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] 
,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74  7#ae7       
,reliability /&>d ,! t]m reliability    
/&>d has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section   
#bae7;a7 ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] ,act 7#af      
,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a774  7#af7 ,res\rce    
adequacy ,! t]m res\rce adequacy means !
 adequate supply & provision (          
electricity f v>i\s electric g5]ation   
res\rces to meet project$ electricity   
dem&s 9 a p>ticul> p[] grid region or   
s]vice area4  7#ag7 ,s]vice area ,! t]m 
s]vice area means ! area or region s]v$ 
by-- 7,a7 an electric utility2  7,b7 a  
,regional ,transmission ,organization2  
or  7,c7 an ,indep5d5t ,sy/em ,op]ator4 
7#ah7 ,/ate regulatory au?ority ,! t]m  
,/ate regulatory au?ority has ! mean+   
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #c ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] 
,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74  #c4         
,probabili/ic model+ = bulk-p[] sy/em   
res\rce adequacy model+ & integrat$     

res\rce plann+  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!         
,commission1 pursuant to section        
#bae7;d7 ( ! ,f$]al ,p[] ,act 7#af      
,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7d771 %all-- 7#a7 z soon 
z practicable aft] ! date ( enactm5t (  
?is ,act1 ord] ! ,electric ,reliability 
,organization to submit to !            
,commission1 n lat] ?an #ah mon?s aft] !
 date ( t ord]1 or z soon z practicable 
!reaft]1 #a or m propos$ reliability    
/&>ds or modifications to reliability   
/&>ds to require1 & ensure consi/5t     
me?ods 7bas$ on be/-practices7 =1 ! use 
( probabili/ic model+ t includes        
consid]ation ( key unc]ta9ties 9        
g5]ation1 transmission1 en]gy /orage    
sy/ems1 & loads = res\rce adequacy      
model+ & integrat$ res\rce plann+ relat+
 to ! bulk-p[] sy/em1 reflect+ !        
specific ne$s1 res\rces1 & attributes ( 
a giv5 p[] grid region or s]vice area2 &
  7#b7 z soon z practicable aft] !      
submission ( a propos$ reliability /&>d 
or modification ( a reliability /&>d "u 
p>agraph 7#a71 approve ! propos$        

reliability /&>d or modification 9      
accordance ) t section1 if appropriate4 
7b7 ,requirem5ts  7#a7 ,g5]ation ,)     
respect to g5]ation1 ! reliability /&>ds
 approv$ "u subsection 7a7 %all require 
t probabili/ic model+ = res\rce adequacy
 model+ & integrat$ res\rce plann+ %all 
include1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1
 consid]ation ( unc]ta9ties relat+ to1 z
 applicable = a giv5 p[] grid region or 
s]vice area-- 7,a7 ! impact ( di/ribut$ 
g5]ation res\rces2  7,b7 degradation f  
ag+ 7su* z soil+ & degradation (        
photovoltaic modules & batt]ies72  7,c7 
plann$ & unplann$ outages2  7,d7 !      
impact ( wea!r 7su* z sol> irradiance1  
w9d1 precipitation1 sn[pack1 & extreme  
temp]atures7 on conv5tional & di/ribut$ 
g5]ation res\rces2  7,e7 correlat$      
outages 7su* z correlat$ outages due to 
w9t] /orms1 extreme heat1 wildfires1 &  
o!r extreme wea!r ev5ts72  7,f7 co/s (  
g5]ation res\rces1 includ+ co/s (       
acquir$ en]gy effici5cy z a res\rce2 &  
7,g7 o!r relevant g5]ation unc]ta9ties1 

z det]m9$ by ! relevant electric        
utility1 ,regional ,transmission        
,organization1 ,indep5d5t ,sy/em        
,op]ator1 or ,/ate regulatory au?ority4 
7#b7 ,transmission ,) respect to        
transmission1 ! reliability /&>ds       
approv$ "u subsection 7a7 %all require t
 probabili/ic model+ = res\rce adequacy 
model+ & integrat$ res\rce plann+ %all  
include1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1
 consid]ation ( unc]ta9ties relat+ to1 z
 applicable = a giv5 p[] grid region or 
s]vice area-- 7,a7 ! impact ( wea!r 7su*
 z ! impact ( temp]ature on transmission
 facilities1 includ+ l9e rat+s72  7,b7  
conge/ion & !rmal ov]load2  7,c7 co/s ( 
new or modifi$ transmission             
infra/ructure2 &  7,d7 o!r relevant     
transmission unc]ta9ties1 z det]m9$ by !
 relevant electric utility1 ,regional   
,transmission ,organization1 ,indep5d5t 
,sy/em ,op]ator1 or ,/ate regulatory    
au?ority4  7#c7 ,en]gy /orage ,) respect
 to en]gy /orage1 ! reliability /&>ds   
approv$ "u subsection 7a7 %all require t

 probabili/ic model+ = res\rce adequacy 
model+ & integrat$ res\rce plann+ %all  
include1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1
 consid]ation ( unc]ta9ties relat+ to1 z
 applicable = a giv5 p[] grid region or 
s]vice area-- 7,a7 r\nd-trip effici5cy2 
7,b7 batt]y capacity fade2  7,c7 !      
impact ( wea!r 7su* z ! impact ( dr\ght 
on pump$ hydrologic /orage72  7,d7 !    
impact ( di/ribut$ en]gy /orage2  7,e7  
co/s ( en]gy /orage2 &  7,f7 o!r        
relevant en]gy /orage unc]ta9ties1 z    
det]m9$ by ! relevant electric utility1 
,regional ,transmission ,organization1  
,indep5d5t ,sy/em ,op]ator1 or ,/ate    
regulatory au?ority4  7#d7 ,loads ,)    
respect to loads1 ! reliability /&>ds   
approv$ "u subsection 7a7 %all require t
 probabili/ic model+ = res\rce adequacy 
model+ & integrat$ res\rce plann+ %all  
include1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1
 consid]ation ( unc]ta9ties relat+ to1 z
 applicable = a giv5 p[] grid region or 
s]vice area-- 7,a7 ! impact ( temp]ature
 & wea!r1 includ+ extreme wea!r ev5ts1  

on loads2  7,b7 ! tim+ & *ang+ mix (    
loads1 includ+-- 7i7 increas$           
electrification ( transportation1       
includ+ bidirectional *>g+ & dis*>g+ (  
batt]ies us$ 9 electric vehicles2  7ii7 
increas$ electrification ( home         
appliances1 su* z hot-wat] heat]s &     
ov5s1 & space heat+ & cool+2 &  7iii7   
increas$ electrification ( indu/rial    
processes2 &  7,c7 o!r relevant         
electric-load unc]ta9ties1 z det]m9$ by 
! relevant electric utility1 ,regional  
,transmission ,organization1 ,indep5d5t 
,sy/em ,op]ator1 or ,/ate regulatory    
au?ority4  7c7 ,use ( model+ ,!         
reliability /&>ds approv$ "u subsection 
7a7 %all require probabili/ic model+ to 
be us$1 at a m9imum-- 7#a7 to simulate &
 quantify desir$ metrics 7su* z loss (  
load expectation1 expect$ uns]v$ en]gy1 
effective load c>ry+ capability 7also   
kn[n z capacity value71 plann+ res]ve   
m>g91 & co/71 tak+ into consid]ation !  
relevant unc]ta9ties describ$ 9         
subsection 7b71 to assi/ 9 ! det]m9ation

 ( ! optimal res\rce portfolio = !      
applicable p[] grid region or s]vice    
area2 &  7#b7 to id5tify ! p>amet]s &   
processes consid]$ "u subsection 7b7 t--
 7,a7 are ! mo/ important1 9 t !y h !   
mo/ impact on ! magnitude or unc]ta9ty (
 ! applicable simulat$ metrics2 &  7,b7 
c be fur!r *>act]iz$ or optimiz$ to     
improve ! model+ & det]m9ation ( !      
optimal res\rce portfolio = ! applicable
 p[] grid region or s]vice area4  7d7   
,exi/+ approa*es2 ,/ate requirem5ts     
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! reliability /&>ds      
approv$ "u subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 %all   
take into consid]ation1 & %all all[ = ! 
cont9u$ use (1 any probabili/ic model+ 9
 use by an electric utility1 a ,regional
 ,transmission ,organization1 or an     
,indep5d5t ,sy/em ,op]ator z ( ! date ( 
enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 &  7,b7 %all n     
preempt1 or exempt any electric utility1
 ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 
or ,indep5d5t ,sy/em ,op]ator f         
compliance )1 any probabili/ic model+   
requirem5t "u ,/ate law4  7#b7          

,requirem5ts ,to ! maximum ext5t        
practicable1 ! reliability /&>ds approv$
 "u subsection 7a7 %all all[ =          
compliance ) ^? reliability /&>ds to be 
a*iev$-- 7,a7 9 a mann] consi/5t )-- 7i7
 ! probabili/ic model+ describ$ 9       
subp>agraph 7,a7 ( p>agraph 7#a72 &     
7ii7 any requirem5ts describ$ 9         
subp>agraph 7,b7 ( t p>agraph2 &  7,b7  
by demon/rat+-- 7i7 ! use ( probabili/ic
 model+ 9 accordance ) subp>agraph 7,a7 
or 7,b7 ( t p>agraph2 &  7ii7 t !       
probabili/ic model+ adequately reflects1
 or has be5 modifi$ or us$ 9 a mann] to 
adequately reflect1 ! requirem5ts       
describ$ 9 subsections 7b7 & 7c74