,,ii #aahth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #dadd ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,april #ag1 #bjbd,mr4 ,heinrich 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,wyden1 and ,mr4 ,padilla7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources ,a ,,bill ,to improve the reliability and adequacy of the bulk-power system by ensuring that key uncertainties in generation1 transmission1 energy storage systems1 and loads are considered in resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,grid ,modeling of ,dynamic ,energy ,loads and ,resources ,act of #bjbd or the ,grid ,,model ,act of #bjbd4 #b4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,bulk-power system ,the term bulk-power system has the meaning given the term in section #bae7;a7 of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a774 7#b7 ,commission ,the term ,commission means the ,federal ,energy ,regulatory ,commission4 7#c7 ,effective load carrying capability2 ,,elcc 7,a7 ,in general ,the term effective load carrying capability or ,,elcc means the ability of a generating resource to produce electricity when the grid needs it1 measured as the additional load 7or perfect replacement capacity7 that the system can supply with a particular generator of interest with no net change in reliability4 7,b7 ,clarification ,the additional load 7or perfect replacement capacity7 referred to in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 may be measured using ,,lole1 ,,eue1 or other metrics2 and 7ii7 may be divided by the nameplate capacity of the generating resource to yield a percentage4 7#d7 ,electric ,reliability ,organization ,the term ,electric ,reliability ,organization has the meaning given the term in section #bae7;a7 of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a774 7#e7 ,electric utility ,the term electric utility has the meaning given the term in section #c of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74 7#f7 ,expected unserved energy2 ,,eue ,the term expected unserved energy or ,,eue means the cumulative amount of energy 7in megawatt-hours7 per year that is not provided to customers due to outages4 7#g7 ,independent ,system ,operator ,the term ,independent ,system ,operator has the meaning given the term in section #c of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74 7#h7 ,integrated resource planning ,the term integrated resource planning means modeling and evaluating how projected long-term electricity demands 7such as electricity demands over periods of #e1 #aj1 #bj1 or more years7 within a service area can be met with a combination of electric generation resources that best achieve desired metrics1 such as metrics relating to reliability1 resilience1 and cost4 7#i7 ,loss of load expectation2 ,,lole 7,a7 ,in general ,the term loss of load expectation or ,,lole means the expected number of days per year that the available generation capacity is less than the system load for the applicable power grid region or service area4 7,b7 ,clarification ,as of ,november #bjbc1 a commonly acceptable value for loss of load expectation is #j4a days per year1 as described in the standard of the ,north ,american ,electric ,reliability ,corporation entitled ,planning ,resource ,adequacy ,analysis1 ,assessment and ,documentation and numbered ,,bal-#ejb-,,rf-#jc4 7#aj7 ,planning reserve margin 7,a7 ,in general ,the term planning reserve margin means the quotient1 expressed as a percentage1 obtained by dividing-- 7i7 the difference between-- 7,i7 deliverable electric system supply capacity for a power grid region or service area2 and 7,,ii7 net demand in that power grid region or service area2 by 7ii7 net demand in that power grid region or service area4 7,b7 ,clarification ,as of ,november #bjbc1 a reserve margin falling within the range from #ae percent to #be percent is typical for a power grid region or service area4 7#aa7 ,power grid ,the term power grid means that portion of an ,interconnection 7as defined in section #bae7;a7 of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a777 that is located within the ,united ,states1 including the relevant portion of each of the following3 7,a7 ,the ,eastern ,interconnection4 7,b7 ,the ,western ,interconnection4 7,c7 ,the ,texas ,interconnection4 7#ab7 ,power grid region ,the term power grid region means a geographic area-- 7,a7 located within a power grid2 and 7,b7 for which a regional entity 7as defined in subsection 7a7 of section #bae of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo77 has enforcement authority under that section4 7#ac7 ,probabilistic modeling 7,a7 ,in general ,the term probabilistic modeling means a modeling approach that uses statistics to simulate and quantify the likelihood of achieving desired metrics1 taking into consideration all modeled uncertainties1 for determination of the optimal resource portfolio1 such as a modeling approach consistent with the document of the ,north ,american ,electric ,reliability ,corporation entitled ,probabilistic ,assessment ,technical ,guideline ,document and dated ,august #bjaf1 including the recommendations described in that document4 7,b7 ,inclusion ,the term probabilistic modeling includes modeling that can identify the most important parameters that impact a simulated metric for further characterization or optimization4 7#ad7 ,regional ,transmission ,organization ,the term ,regional ,transmission ,organization has the meaning given the term in section #c of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74 7#ae7 ,reliability standard ,the term reliability standard has the meaning given the term in section #bae7;a7 of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7a774 7#af7 ,resource adequacy ,the term resource adequacy means the adequate supply and provision of electricity from various electric generation resources to meet projected electricity demands in a particular power grid region or service area4 7#ag7 ,service area ,the term service area means the area or region served by-- 7,a7 an electric utility2 7,b7 a ,regional ,transmission ,organization2 or 7,c7 an ,independent ,system ,operator4 7#ah7 ,state regulatory authority ,the term ,state regulatory authority has the meaning given the term in section #c of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gif74 #c4 ,probabilistic modeling for bulk-power system resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning 7a7 ,in general ,the ,commission1 pursuant to section #bae7;d7 of the ,federal ,power ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #hbdo7d771 shall-- 7#a7 as soon as practicable after the date of enactment of this ,act1 order the ,electric ,reliability ,organization to submit to the ,commission1 not later than #ah months after the date of that order1 or as soon as practicable thereafter1 #a or more proposed reliability standards or modifications to reliability standards to require1 and ensure consistent methods 7based on best-practices7 for1 the use of probabilistic modeling that includes consideration of key uncertainties in generation1 transmission1 energy storage systems1 and loads for resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning relating to the bulk-power system1 reflecting the specific needs1 resources1 and attributes of a given power grid region or service area2 and 7#b7 as soon as practicable after the submission of a proposed reliability standard or modification of a reliability standard under paragraph 7#a71 approve the proposed reliability standard or modification in accordance with that section1 if appropriate4 7b7 ,requirements 7#a7 ,generation ,with respect to generation1 the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7 shall require that probabilistic modeling for resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning shall include1 to the maximum extent practicable1 consideration of uncertainties relating to1 as applicable for a given power grid region or service area-- 7,a7 the impact of distributed generation resources2 7,b7 degradation from aging 7such as soiling and degradation of photovoltaic modules and batteries72 7,c7 planned and unplanned outages2 7,d7 the impact of weather 7such as solar irradiance1 wind1 precipitation1 snowpack1 and extreme temperatures7 on conventional and distributed generation resources2 7,e7 correlated outages 7such as correlated outages due to winter storms1 extreme heat1 wildfires1 and other extreme weather events72 7,f7 costs of generation resources1 including costs of acquired energy efficiency as a resource2 and 7,g7 other relevant generation uncertainties1 as determined by the relevant electric utility1 ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 ,independent ,system ,operator1 or ,state regulatory authority4 7#b7 ,transmission ,with respect to transmission1 the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7 shall require that probabilistic modeling for resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning shall include1 to the maximum extent practicable1 consideration of uncertainties relating to1 as applicable for a given power grid region or service area-- 7,a7 the impact of weather 7such as the impact of temperature on transmission facilities1 including line ratings72 7,b7 congestion and thermal overload2 7,c7 costs of new or modified transmission infrastructure2 and 7,d7 other relevant transmission uncertainties1 as determined by the relevant electric utility1 ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 ,independent ,system ,operator1 or ,state regulatory authority4 7#c7 ,energy storage ,with respect to energy storage1 the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7 shall require that probabilistic modeling for resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning shall include1 to the maximum extent practicable1 consideration of uncertainties relating to1 as applicable for a given power grid region or service area-- 7,a7 round-trip efficiency2 7,b7 battery capacity fade2 7,c7 the impact of weather 7such as the impact of drought on pumped hydrologic storage72 7,d7 the impact of distributed energy storage2 7,e7 costs of energy storage2 and 7,f7 other relevant energy storage uncertainties1 as determined by the relevant electric utility1 ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 ,independent ,system ,operator1 or ,state regulatory authority4 7#d7 ,loads ,with respect to loads1 the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7 shall require that probabilistic modeling for resource adequacy modeling and integrated resource planning shall include1 to the maximum extent practicable1 consideration of uncertainties relating to1 as applicable for a given power grid region or service area-- 7,a7 the impact of temperature and weather1 including extreme weather events1 on loads2 7,b7 the timing and changing mix of loads1 including-- 7i7 increased electrification of transportation1 including bidirectional charging and discharging of batteries used in electric vehicles2 7ii7 increased electrification of home appliances1 such as hot-water heaters and ovens1 and space heating and cooling2 and 7iii7 increased electrification of industrial processes2 and 7,c7 other relevant electric-load uncertainties1 as determined by the relevant electric utility1 ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 ,independent ,system ,operator1 or ,state regulatory authority4 7c7 ,use of modeling ,the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7 shall require probabilistic modeling to be used1 at a minimum-- 7#a7 to simulate and quantify desired metrics 7such as loss of load expectation1 expected unserved energy1 effective load carrying capability 7also known as capacity value71 planning reserve margin1 and cost71 taking into consideration the relevant uncertainties described in subsection 7b71 to assist in the determination of the optimal resource portfolio for the applicable power grid region or service area2 and 7#b7 to identify the parameters and processes considered under subsection 7b7 that-- 7,a7 are the most important1 in that they have the most impact on the magnitude or uncertainty of the applicable simulated metrics2 and 7,b7 can be further characterized or optimized to improve the modeling and determination of the optimal resource portfolio for the applicable power grid region or service area4 7d7 ,existing approaches2 ,state requirements 7#a7 ,in general ,the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 shall take into consideration1 and shall allow for the continued use of1 any probabilistic modeling in use by an electric utility1 a ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 or an ,independent ,system ,operator as of the date of enactment of this ,act2 and 7,b7 shall not preempt1 or exempt any electric utility1 ,regional ,transmission ,organization1 or ,independent ,system ,operator from compliance with1 any probabilistic modeling requirement under ,state law4 7#b7 ,requirements ,to the maximum extent practicable1 the reliability standards approved under subsection 7a7 shall allow for compliance with those reliability standards to be achieved-- 7,a7 in a manner consistent with-- 7i7 the probabilistic modeling described in subparagraph 7,a7 of paragraph 7#a72 and 7ii7 any requirements described in subparagraph 7,b7 of that paragraph2 and 7,b7 by demonstrating-- 7i7 the use of probabilistic modeling in accordance with subparagraph 7,a7 or 7,b7 of that paragraph2 and 7ii7 that the probabilistic modeling adequately reflects1 or has been modified or used in a manner to adequately reflect1 the requirements described in subsections 7b7 and 7c74