,,ii  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #chde  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,febru>y #bi1 #bjbd,mr4
 ,m]kley 7= himself & ,mr4 ,:iteh\se7   
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on       
,environm5t & ,public ,works  ,a ,,bill 
,to am5d ! ,clean ,air ,act to create a 
national z]o-emission vehicle /&>d1 & = 
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,z]o-,emission         
,vehicles ,act ( #bjbd or ! ,z,e,vs ,act
 ( #bjbd4  #b4 ,f9d+s  7a7 ,def9itions  
,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,adm9i/rator ,! t]m
 ,adm9i/rator means ! ,adm9i/rator ( !  
,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy4  7#b7 
,z]o-emission vehicle ,! t]m            
z]o-emission vehicle has ! mean+ giv5 ! 
t]m 9 section #bbj ( ! ,clean ,air ,act4
  7b7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t-- 7#a7    
z]o-emission vehicles (f] a multitude ( 
b5efits = ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1        
includ+-- 7,a7 elim9at+ soot & smog     
emissions t1 z ( ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act1 cause ?\s&s ( premature dea?s &  

millions ( s]i\s illnesses e ye>2  7,b7 
r$uc+ climate-de/abiliz+ pollution f !  
transportation sector1 ! l>ge/ s\rces ( 
gre5h\se gas emissions 9 ! ,unit$       
,/ates2 &  7,c7 creat+ new economic     
opportunities ?r\gh\t ! economy ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 ! vehicle emissions
 /&>ds ( ! ,environm5tal ,protection    
,ag5cy1 adopt$ pursuant to section      
#bjb7;a7 ( ! ,clean ,air ,act 7#db      
,u4,s4,c4 #geba7;a771 are important     
means ( promot+ clean] motor vehicle    
te*nologies1 includ+ z]o-emission       
te*nologies1 b cont9u+ public heal? &   
climate haz>ds & ! increas+ availability
 ( z]o-emission vehicle te*nologies     
require a m rapid dissem9ation (        
z]o-emission vehicles beg9n+ 9 model ye>
 #bjbg2  7#c7 b9d+ /atutory requirem5ts 
) respect to sales ( z]o-emission       
vehicles w-- 7,a7 promote ! fur!r gr[? (
 clean vehicle te*nologies2  7,b7 create
 c]ta9ty = consum]s & indu/ry2 &  7,c7  
provide a s\nd basis = z]o-emission     
vehicle infra/ructure plann+ & inve/m5t2

 &  7#d7 because emissions /&>ds        
pursuant to section #bjb7;a7 ( ! ,clean 
,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #geba7;a77     
specify emissions /&>ds are to be bas$  
on ! consid]ation ( ! ,adm9i/rator (    
available te*nologies to prev5t or      
control emissions ( air pollutants )\t  
requir+ p>ticul> means ( compliance ) ^?
 /&>ds1 ! sub/antial support ( ,congress
 = z]o-emission vehicle te*nologies &   
infra/ructure1 includ+ 9 !              
,infra/ructure ,inve/m5t & ,jobs ,act   
7,public ,law #aag-eh2 #ace ,/at4 #dbi7 
& ,public ,law #aag-afi 7#acf ,/at4     
#ahah7 7commonly ref]r$ to z !          
,inflation ,r$uction ,act ( #bjbb71     
makes x appropriate = ,congress to      
require t manufactur]s meet specific    
t>gets ( z]o-emission vehicles z requir$
 "u ?is ,act & ! am5dm5ts made by ?is   
,act4  #c4 ,national z]o-emission       
vehicle /&>d ,"p ,a ( title ,,ii ( !    
,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #geba et
 seq47 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !      
foll[+3  #bbj4 ,national z]o-emission   

vehicle /&>d  7a7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is    
section3 7#a7 ,base quantity ( new      
pass5g] vehicles ,! t]m base quantity ( 
new pass5g] vehicles means ! total      
quantity ( new pass5g] vehicles deliv]$ 
= sale by a vehicle manufactur] dur+ !  
mo/ rec5t model ye>4  7#b7 ,pass5g]     
vehicle ,! t]m pass5g] vehicle has !    
mean+ giv5 ! t]m pass5g] motor vehicle 9
 section #cbaja ( title #di1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code4  7#c7 ,qualifi$ electric  
vehicle ,! t]m qualifi$ electric vehicle
 means a pass5g] vehicle t is-- 7,a7 a  
new clean vehicle 7z def9$ 9 section    
#cj;,d7d7 ( ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code (  
#aihf72 or  7,b7 a new qualifi$ fuel    
cell motor vehicle 7z def9$ 9 section   
#cj;,b7b77#c7 ( ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code
 ( #aihf74  7#d7 ,retire ,! t]m retire1 
) respect to a z]o-emission vehicle     
cr$it1 means to disqualify !            
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it = any        
subsequ5t use "u ?is section1 includ+   
sale1 transf]1 ex*ange1 or submission 9 
satisfaction ( a compliance obligation4 

7#e7 ,vehicle manufactur]  7,a7 ,9 g5]al
 ,! t]m vehicle manufactur] means an    
entity t-- 7i7 engag$ 9 ! manufactur+ ( 
new pass5g] vehicles2 &  7ii7 sold n    
few] ?an #ajj new pass5g] vehicles to   
ultimate pur*as]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates )9 !
 curr5t or previ\s cal5d> ye>1 ei!r     
directly or ?r\gh an affiliate1 su* z a 
deal]4  7,b7 ,exclusions ,! t]m vehicle 
manufactur] does n include-- 7i7 a motor
 vehicle p>ts suppli]2 or  7ii7 a deal]4
  7#f7 ,z]o-emission vehicle ,! t]m     
z]o-emission vehicle means a pass5g]    
vehicle t produces z]o exhau/ emissions 
( any crit]ia pollutant1 precursor      
pollutant1 or gre5h\se gas1 o!r ?an wat]
 vapor1 9 any mode ( op]ation or        
condition1 z det]m9$ by ! ,adm9i/rator4 
7b7 ,compliance ,= model ye> #bjbg & ea*
 model ye> !reaft]1 ea* vehicle         
manufactur] %all meet ! requirem5ts (   
subsections 7c7 & 7d7 by submitt+ to !  
,adm9i/rator1 n lat] ?an ,april #a ( !  
foll[+ cal5d> ye>1 z applicable-- 7#a7 =
 a vehicle manufactur] t fails to meet !

 m9imum requir$ p]c5tage ( z]o-emission 
vehicle sales = ! applicable model ye>1 
z det]m9$ "u subsection 7c71 a quantity 
( z]o-emission vehicle cr$its suffici5t 
to (fset t excess1 z det]m9$ by !       
,adm9i/rator2 or  7#b7 = a vehicle      
manufactur] t meets or exce$s ! m9imum  
requir$ p]c5tage ( z]o-emission vehicle 
sales = ! applicable model ye>1 z       
det]m9$ "u subsection 7c71 a            
c]tification ( t compliance1 z !        
,adm9i/rator det]m9es to be appropriate4
  7c7 ,m9imum requir$ annual p]c5tage ( 
z]o-,emission vehicle cr$its ,= model   
ye>s #bjbg ?r\gh #bjce1 9 annual        
increm5ts1 ! m9imum annual p]c5tage ( ! 
base quantity ( new pass5g] vehicles ( a
 vehicle manufactur] deliv]$ = sale t   
are equival5t to z]o-emission vehicles1 
bas$ on ! issuance ( z]o-emission       
vehicle cr$its1 %all be ! applicable    
p]c5tage specifi$ 9 ! foll[+ table3     
,m9imum ,requir$ ,annual ,p]c5tage (    
,z]o-,emission ,vehicle ,credits,model  
,year,percentage#bjbgdc4jbjbhea4jbjbiei4

jbjcjfh4jbjcagf4jbjcbhb4jbjcchh4jbjcdid4
jbjceajj4j4  7d7 ,requirem5t = #bjce &  
!reaft] ,= model ye> #bjce & ea* model  
ye> !reaft]1 a vehicle manufactur] %all 
sell only z]o-emission vehicles4  7e7   
,z]o-,emission vehicle cr$its  7#a7 ,9  
g5]al ,a vehicle manufactur] may satisfy
 ! requirem5ts ( subsection 7b7 ?r\gh ! 
submission ( z]o-emission vehicle       
cr$its-- 7,a7 issu$ to ! vehicle        
manufactur] "u subsection 7f72 or  7,b7 
obta9$ by pur*ase1 transf]1 or ex*ange  
"u subsection 7g74  7#b7 ,limitation ,a 
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it may be c\nt$ 
t[>d compliance ) subsection 7b7 only   
once4  7f7 ,issuance ( z]o-,emission    
vehicle cr$its  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]   
?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is
 section1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all e/abli% by
 rule a program-- 7,a7 to v]ify & issue 
z]o-emission vehicle cr$its to vehicle  
manufactur]s2  7,b7 to track ! sale1    
transf]1 ex*ange1 c>ry ov]1 & retirem5t 
( z]o-emission vehicle cr$its2 &  7,c7  
to en=ce ! requirem5ts ( ?is section4   

7#b7 ,application  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a     
vehicle manufactur] t deliv]$ = sale1   
ei!r directly or ?r\gh an affiliate1 su*
 z a deal]1 a new z]o-emission vehicle  
or a qualifi$ electric vehicle 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates may apply to !            
,adm9i/rator = ! issuance ( a           
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it4  7,b7       
,eligibility ,to be eligible = !        
issuance ( a z]o-emission vehicle cr$it1
 a vehicle manufactur] %all demon/rate  
to ! ,adm9i/rator t ! vehicle           
manufactur] deliv]$ = sale #a or m      
z]o-emission vehicles or qualifi$       
electric vehicles 9 ! previ\s model ye>4
  7,c7 ,cont5ts ,! application %all     
indicate-- 7i7 ! type ( z]o-emission    
vehicle or qualifi$ electric vehicle t 0
 deliv]$ = sale2  7ii7 ! ,/ate 9 :i* !  
z]o-emission vehicle or qualifi$        
electric vehicle 0 deliv]$ = sale2 &    
7iii7 any o!r in=mation det]m9$ to be   
appropriate by ! ,adm9i/rator4  7,d7    
,aggregation ,an application = a        
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it "u           

subp>agraph 7,a7 may aggregate in=mation
 on all z]o-emission vehicles & qualifi$
 electric vehicles deliv]$ = sale by !  
vehicle manufactur] 9 ! applicable model
 ye>4  7#c7 ,quantity ( z]o-emission    
vehicle cr$its  7,a7 ,z]o-emission      
vehicles ,! ,adm9i/rator %all issue to a
 vehicle manufactur] ! application "u   
p>agraph 7#b7 ( :i* is approv$ #a       
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it = ea*        
z]o-emission vehicle deliv]$ = sale 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4  7,b7 ,qualifi$ electric 
vehicles ,= a qualifi$ electric vehicle 
deliv]$ = sale by a vehicle manufactur] 
! application "u p>agraph 7#b7 ( :i* is 
approv$1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all issue a    
p>tial z]o-emission vehicle cr$it bas$  
on ! e/imat$ proportion ( ! mileage     
driv5-- 7i7 ) respect to a qualifi$     
electric vehicle describ$ 9 subsection  
7a77#c77;,a71 on ! batt]y ( ! qualifi$  
electric vehicle1 z det]m9$ by !        
,adm9i/rator2 &  7ii7 ) respect to a    
qualifi$ electric vehicle describ$ 9    
subsection 7a77#c77;,b71 on hydrog5 t is

 produc$ ?r\gh a process t results 9 a  
lifecycle gre5h\se gas emissions 7z     
def9$ 9 section #de,v7c7 ( ! ,int]nal   
,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf7 rate ( less ?an  
#j4de kilograms ( c>bon                 
dioxide-equival5t p] kilogram ( hydrog51
 z det]m9$ by ! ,adm9i/rator4  7,c7     
,cr$it bank+ ,a z]o-emission vehicle    
cr$it issu$ = any model ye> t is n      
submitt$ to comply ) ! m9imum annual    
p]c5tage ( z]o-emission vehicles "u     
subsection 7c7 dur+ t model ye> may be  
c>ri$ =w>d = use pursuant to subsection 
7b77#a7 )9 ! next #e ye>s1 b n lat] ?an 
model ye> #bjce4  7g7 ,z]o-,emission    
vehicle cr$it trad+  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,a   
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it = any model  
ye> be=e #bjce t is n submitt$ to !     
,adm9i/rator to comply ) ! m9imum annual
 p]c5tage ( z]o-emission vehicles "u    
subsection 7c7 = t model ye> may be     
sold1 transf]r$1 or ex*ang$ by ! vehicle
 manufactur] to :i* ! cr$it is issu$ or 
by any o!r entity t acquires !          
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it4  7#b7       

,delegation  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,!           
,adm9i/rator may delegate to an         
appropriate m>ket-mak+ entity !         
adm9i/ration ( a national tradeable     
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it m>ket =      
purposes ( creat+ a transp>5t national  
m>ket = ! sale or trade ( z]o-emission  
vehicle cr$its4  7,b7 ,public report ,if
 ! ,adm9i/rator makes a delegation "u   
subp>agraph 7,a71 ! entity to :i* !     
,adm9i/rator made ! delegation %all     
annually submit to ,congress & make     
available to ! public a report describ+ 
! /atus ( ! z]o-emission vehicle cr$it  
m>ket4  7h7 ,z]o-,emission vehicle cr$it
 retirem5t  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any entity t 
obta9s legal rights to a z]o-emission   
vehicle cr$it may retire ! z]o-emission 
vehicle cr$it 9 any model ye>4  7#b7    
,use ( retir$ z]o-emission vehicle cr$it
 ,a z]o-emission vehicle cr$it retir$ "u
 p>agraph 7#a7 may n be us$ = compliance
 ) subsection 7b7 9-- 7,a7 ! model ye> 9
 :i* ! z]o-emission vehicle cr$it is    
retir$2 or  7,b7 any subsequ5t model    

ye>4  7i7 ,in=mation collection ,!      
,adm9i/rator may collect ! in=mation    
necess>y to v]ify & audit-- 7#a7 ! model
 ye> sales ( pass5g] vehicles ( any     
vehicle manufactur]2  7#b7 a            
z]o-emission vehicle cr$it submitt$ by a
 vehicle manufactur] pursuant to        
subsection 7b77#a72  7#c7 ! validity ( a
 z]o-emission vehicle cr$it submitt$ =  
compliance by a vehicle manufactur] to !
 ,adm9i/rator2 &  7#d7 ! quantity (     
pass5g] vehicles deliv]$ = sale 9 !     
,unit$ ,/ates ( all vehicle             
manufactur]s4  7j7 ,/ate programs  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,no?+ 9 ?is section %all       
preempt ! au?ority ( a ,/ate or         
political subdivision ( a ,/ate to adopt
 or en=ce any law 7includ+ regulations7 
relat+ to motor vehicles1 includ+ !     
au?ority to set /&>ds = motor vehicle   
emissions & z]o-emission vehicle        
requirem5ts "u section #agg & section   
#bji4  7#b7 ,compliance ) section ,no   
law or regulation ( a ,/ate or political
 subdivision ( a ,/ate %all relieve any 

vehicle manufactur] f compliance ) any  
requirem5t o!rwise applicable "u ?is    
section4  7k7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! 
s5se ( ,congress t vehicle manufactur]s 
%\ld div]sify vehicle te*nologies &     
models to ensure consum] *oice & access4
  7l7 ,regulations ,n lat] ?an #edj days
 aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section1 !
 ,adm9i/rator %all promulgate           
regulations to implem5t ?is section4    
7m7 ,en=cem5t  7#a7 ,civil p5alty  7,a7 
,9 g5]al ,a vehicle manufactur] t fails 
to comply ) subsection 7b7 %all be      
liable = a civil p5alty1 assess$ by !   
,adm9i/rator1 9 an am\nt t is equal to  
twice ! av]age value ( ! aggregate      
quantity ( z]o-emission vehicle cr$its t
 ! vehicle manufactur] fail$ to submit 9
 violation ( t subsection1 z det]m9$ by 
! ,adm9i/rator4  7,b7 ,en=cem5t ,!      
,adm9i/rator %all assess any civil      
p5alty "u subp>agraph 7,a74  7,c7       
,deposit ,) respect to any civil p5alty 
paid to ! ,adm9i/rator pursuant to      
subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,adm9i/rator %all   

deposit ! am\nt into ! ,highway ,tru/   
,fund e/abli%$ by section #iejc7;a7 ( ! 
,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf4  7#b7   
,injunction ,aft] model ye> #bjce1 !    
,adm9i/rator %all issue an injunction on
 ! manufacture ( any pass5g] vehicles   
o!r ?an z]o-emission vehicles by a      
vehicle manufactur]4  4  #d4            
,congressional int5t ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act or
 an am5dm5t made by ?is ,act-- 7#a7 is  
int5d$ z a /atem5t ( congressional int5t
 ) respect to ! au?ority ( ! ,presid5t  
or any ,f$]al ag5cy "u ! ,clean ,air    
,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdja et seq472     
7#b7 preempts ! ability ( ! ,adm9i/rator
 ( ! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy "u
 "p ,a ( title ,,ii ( ! ,clean ,air ,act
 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #geba et seq47 to       
promulgate /&>ds applicable to !        
emission ( any air pollutant f any class
 or classes ( new motor vehicles or new 
motor vehicle eng9es :i*1 9 ! judgm5t ( 
! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,environm5tal        
,protection ,ag5cy1 causes1 or          
contributes to1 air pollution2 or  7#c7 

precludes ! ,adm9i/rator ( !            
,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy f      
consid]+1 or r$uces ! obligations ( !   
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,environm5tal          
,protection ,ag5cy to consid]1 all      
available te*nologies1 includ+          
z]o-emission te*nologies1 9 prescrib+ ! 
/&>ds requir$ pursuant to section       
#bjb7;a7 ( ! ,clean ,air ,act 7#db      
,u4,s4,c4 #geba7;a774