,,ii  #aahth ,,congress  #ast ,session  
,s4 #bice  ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of     
,,the ,,united ,,states  ,september #bg 
7legislative day1 ,september #bb71      
#bjbc,mr4 ,risch 7for himself and ,mr4  
,rubio7 introduced the following bill2  
which was read twice and referred to the
 ,committee on ,foreign ,relations  ,a  
,,bill  ,to prohibit any official action
 to recognize or normalize relations    
with any ,government of ,syria that is  
led by ,bashar al-,assad4  #a4 ,short   
title ,this ,act may be cited as the    
,assad ,regime ,anti-,normalization ,act
 of #bjbc4  #b4 ,modifications to the   
,caesar ,syria ,civilian ,protection    
,act  7a7 ,caesar ,syria ,civilian      
,protection ,act ,section #gdab of the  
,caesar ,syria ,civilian ,protection    
,act of #bjai 7title ,,lxxiv of the     
,national ,defense ,authorization ,act  
for ,fiscal ,year #bjbj2 #bb ,u4,s4,c4  
#hgia note7 is amended-- 7#a7 in        
subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71
 by striking the ,president shall impose

 and all that follows through the end of
 the paragraph and inserting the        
,president-- 7,a7 shall impose the      
sanctions described in subsection 7b7   
with respect to a foreign person that   
the ,president determines-- 7i7         
knowingly engages1 on or after such date
 of enactment1 in an activity described 
in paragraph 7#b72  7ii7 is an adult    
family member of a foreign person       
described in clause 7i71 unless the     
,president determines there is clear and
 convincing evidence that such adult    
family member has disassociated         
themselves from the foreign person      
described in such clause and has no     
history of helping such foreign person  
conceal assets2 or  7iii7 is owned or   
controlled by a foreign person described
 in clause 7i7 or 7ii72 and  7,b7 may   
impose the sanctions described in       
subsection 7b7 with respect to a foreign
 person that the ,president determines  
knowingly provides1 on or after such    
date of enactment1 significant          

financial1 material1 or technological   
support to a foreign person engaging in 
an activity described in any of         
subparagraphs 7,b7 through 7,h7 of      
paragraph 7#b72  4  7,b7 in paragraph   
7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7  
by amending clause 7i7 to read as       
follows3  7i7 the ,government of ,syria 
7including any entity owned or          
controlled by the ,government of        
,syria71 a senior political figure of   
the ,government of ,syria1 a member of  
the ,people's ,assembly of ,syria1 or a 
senior foreign political figure 7as such
 term is defined in section #aja4fje of 
title #ca1 ,code of ,federal            
,regulations7 of the ,arab ,socialist   
,ba'ath ,party of ,syria1 including any 
such senior foreign political figure who
 is-- 7,i7 a member of the ,central     
,command1 ,central ,committee1 or       
,auditing and ,inspection ,committee of 
such ,party2 or  7,,ii7 a leader of a   
local branch of such ,party2  2  7,,ii7 
in clause 7ii71 by striking or at the   

end2  7,,iii7 in clause 7iii71 by adding
 or after the semicolon2 and  7,,iv7 by 
adding at the end the following3  7iv7  
,syria ,arab ,airlines1 ,cham ,wings1 or
 any foreign person owned or controlled 
by ,syria ,arab ,airlines or ,cham      
,wings2  2  7ii7 by amending            
subparagraph 7,c7 to read as follows3   
7,c7 knowingly sells or provides        
aircraft or spare aircraft parts-- 7i7  
to the ,government of ,syria2 or  7ii7  
for or on behalf of the ,government of  
,syria to any foreign person operating  
in an area directly or indirectly       
controlled by the ,government of ,syria 
or foreign forces associated with the   
,government of ,syria2  2  7iii7 in     
subparagraph 7,d71 by striking or at the
 end2  7iv7 in subparagraph 7,e7-- 7,i7 
by striking construction or engineering 
services and inserting construction1    
engineering1 or commercial financial    
services2 and  7,,ii7 by striking the   
period at the end and inserting a       
semicolon2 and  7v7 by adding at the end

 the following3  7,f7 purposefully      
engages in or directs-- 7i7 the         
diversion of goods 7including           
agricultural commodities1 food1         
medicine1 and medical devices71 or any  
international humanitarian assistance1  
intended for the people of ,syria2 or   
7ii7 the dealing in proceeds from the   
sale or resale of such diverted goods or
 international humanitarian assistance1 
as the case may be2  7,g7 knowingly     
7directly or indirectly7 engages in or  
attempts to engage in1 the seizure1     
confiscation1 theft1 or expropriation   
for personal gain or political purposes 
of property1 including real property1 in
 ,syria or owned by a citizen of ,syria2
  7,h7 knowingly 7directly or           
indirectly7 engages in or attempts to   
engage in a transaction or transactions 
for or with such seized1 confiscated1   
stolen1 or expropriated property        
described in subparagraph 7,g72 or  7,i7
 knowingly provides significant         
financial1 material1 or technological   

support to a foreign person engaging in 
any activity described in subparagraph  
7,a74  2 and  7,c7 by adding at the end 
the following3  7#d7 ,definitions ,in   
this section3 7,a7 ,appropriate         
congressional committees ,the term      
appropriate congressional committees    
means-- 7i7 the ,committee on ,foreign  
,relations of the ,senate2  7ii7 the    
,committee on ,banking1 ,housing1 and   
,urban ,affairs of the ,senate2  7iii7  
the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs of  
the ,house of ,representatives2 and     
7iv7 the ,committee on ,financial       
,services of the ,house of              
,representatives4  7,b7 ,commercial     
financial services ,the term commercial 
financial services means any transaction
 between the ,government of ,syria and a
 foreign bank or foreign financial      
institution operating in an area under  
the control of the ,government of ,syria
 that has a valuation of more than      
#e1jjj1jjj4  7,c7 ,financial institution
 ,the term financial institution means a

 financial institution specified in any 
of subparagraphs 7,a7 through 7,k71     
7,m71 7,n71 7,p71 7,r71 7,t71 7,y71 or  
7,z7 of section #ecab7;a77#b7 of title  
#ca1 ,united ,states ,code4  7,d7       
,significant transaction ,the term      
#8significant transaction' includes any 
natural gas1 electricity1 or other      
energy-related transaction4  7,e7       
,transaction ,in making a determination 
under subparagraph 7a77#b77;,a71 the    
term transaction includes in-kind       
transactions4  2 and  7#b7 by adding at 
the end the following3  7c7             
,congressional requests ,not later than 
#abj days after receiving a request from
 the chairman and ranking member of #a  
of the appropriate congressional        
committees with respect to whether a    
foreign person knowingly engages in an  
activity described in subsection 7a77#b7
 the ,president shall-- 7#a7 make the   
determination specified in subsection   
7a77#a7 with respect to such foreign    
person2 and  7#b7 submit1 to the        

chairman and ranking member who         
submitted the request1 a report with    
respect to such determination that      
includes a statement explaining whether 
the ,president has imposed or intends to
 impose the sanctions described in      
subsection 7b7 with respect to such     
foreign person4  4  7b7 ,extension of   
sunset ,section #gdch of the ,caesar    
,syria ,civilian ,protection ,act of    
#bjai 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #hgia note71 is    
amended by striking the date that is #e 
years after the date of the enactment of
 this ,act and inserting ,december #ca1 
#bjcb4  7c7 ,determinations with respect
 to ,syria ,trust for ,development  7#a7
 ,defined term ,in this subsection1 the 
term appropriate congressional          
committees means-- 7,a7 the ,committee  
on ,armed ,services of the ,senate2     
7,b7 the ,committee on ,foreign         
,relations of the ,senate2  7,c7 the    
,committee on ,banking1 ,housing1 and   
,urban ,affairs of the ,senate2  7,d7   
the ,committee on ,armed ,services of   

the ,house of ,representatives2  7,e7   
the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs of  
the ,house of ,representatives2 and     
7,f7 the ,committee on ,financial       
,services of the ,house of              
,representatives4  7#b7 ,determinations 
,not later than #abj days after the     
enactment of this ,act1 the ,president  
shall-- 7,a7 determine whether the      
nonprofit organization chaired by ,asma 
,al-,assad1 the ,first ,lady of ,syria1 
known as the ,syria ,trust for          
,development meets the criteria for the 
imposition of sanctions-- 7i7 under     
section #gdab7;a7 of the ,caesar ,syria 
,civilian ,protection ,act of #bjai1 as 
amended by subsection 7a72  7ii7 under  
,executive ,order #achid 7#hd ,fed4     
,reg4 #eehea2 relating to blocking      
property and suspending entry of certain
 persons contributing to the situation  
in ,syria72 or  7iii7 by nature of being
 owned or controlled by a person        
designated under any executive order or 
regulation administered by the ,office  

of ,foreign ,assets ,control2 and  7,b7 
submit to the appropriate congressional 
committees each such determination1     
including a justification for the       
determination4  7#c7 ,form ,the         
determination made pursuant to paragraph
 7#b77;,b7 shall be submitted in        
unclassified form1 but the justification
 specified in such paragraph may be     
included in a classified annex4 ,the    
unclassified determination shall be made
 available on a publicly available      
website of the ,federal government4  7d7
 ,findings regarding applicability with 
respect to ,syrian ,arab ,airlines1     
,cham ,wings ,airlines1 and related     
entities ,congress finds the following3 
7#a7 ,in #bjac1 the ,president          
identified ,syrian ,arab ,airlines as a 
blocked instrumentality or controlled   
entity of the ,government of ,syria and 
concurrently sanctioned ,syrian ,arab   
,airlines pursuant to ,executive ,order 
#acbbd for acting for or on behalf of   
the ,islamic ,revolutionary ,guard      

,corps-,qods ,force of ,iran4  7#b7 ,in 
#bjaf1 the ,president sanctioned        
,syria-based ,cham ,wings ,airlines     
pursuant to ,executive ,order #acehb for
 having materially assisted1 sponsored1 
or provided financial1 material1 or     
technological support for1 or goods or  
services in support of1 the ,government 
of ,syria and ,syrian ,arab ,airlines4  
7#c7 ,section #gdab7;a77#b77;,a77iii7 of
 the ,caesar ,syria ,civilian           
,protection ,act of #bjai 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4
 #hgia note7 mandates the application of
 sanctions against any foreign person   
that knowingly provides significant     
financial1 material1 or technological   
support to1 or knowingly engages in a   
significant transaction with ''' a      
foreign person subject to sanctions     
pursuant to the ,international          
,emergency ,economic ,powers ,act 7#ej  
,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq47 with respect to
 ,syria or any other provision of law   
that imposes sanctions with respect to  
,syria11 which applies to airport       

service providers outside of ,syria4    
7e7 ,severability ,if any provision of  
this ,act1 or the application of such   
provision to any person or circumstance1
 is found to be unconstitutional1 the   
remainder of this ,act1 or the          
application of that provision to other  
persons or circumstances1 shall not be  
affected4  #c4 ,prohibition of          
recognition of ,assad regime  7a7       
,statement of policy ,it is the policy  
of the ,united ,states-- 7#a7 not to    
recognize or normalize relations with   
any ,government of ,syria that is led by
 ,bashar al-,assad due to the ,assad    
regime's ongoing crimes against the     
,syrian people1 including failure to    
meet the criteria outlined in section   
#gdca7;a7 of the ,caesar ,syria         
,civilian ,protection ,act of #bjai 7#bb
 ,u4,s4,c4 #hgia note72  7#b7 to        
actively oppose recognition or          
normalization of relations by other     
governments with any ,government of     
,syria that is led by ,bashar           

,al-,assad1 including by fully          
implementing the mandatory primary and  
secondary sanctions in the ,caesar      
,syria ,civilian ,protection ,act of    
#bjai 7title ,,lxxiv of ,public ,law    
#aaf-ib7 and ,executive ,order #achid2  
and  7#c7 to use the full range of      
authorities1 including those provided   
under the ,caesar ,syria ,civilian      
,protection ,act of #bjai and ,executive
 ,order #achid1 to deter reconstruction 
activities in areas under the control of
 ,bashar al-,assad4  7b7 ,prohibition   
,in accordance with subsection 7a71 no  
,federal official or employee may take  
any action1 and no ,federal funds may be
 made available1 to recognize or        
otherwise imply1 in any manner1 ,united 
,states recognition of ,bashar al-,assad
 or any ,government in ,syria that is   
led by ,bashar al-,assad4  #d4          
,interagency strategy to counter        
normalization with ,assad regime  7a7   
,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7     
,appropriate congressional committees   

,the term appropriate congressional     
committees means-- 7,a7 the ,committee  
on ,foreign ,relations of the ,senate2  
7,b7 the ,committee on the ,judiciary of
 the ,senate2  7,c7 the ,committee on   
,banking1 ,housing1 and ,urban ,affairs 
of the ,senate2  7,d7 the ,committee on 
,appropriations of the ,senate2  7,e7   
the ,select ,committee on ,intelligence 
of the ,senate2  7,f7 the ,committee on 
,foreign ,affairs of the ,house of      
,representatives2  7,g7 the ,committee  
on the ,judiciary of the ,house of      
,representatives2  7,h7 the ,committee  
on ,financial ,services of the ,house of
 ,representatives2  7,i7 the ,committee 
on ,appropriations of the ,house of     
,representatives2 and  7,j7 the         
,permanent ,select ,committee on        
,intelligence of the ,house of          
,representatives4  7#b7 ,covered        
transaction ,the term covered           
transaction means a transaction1        
including an investment1 grant1         
contract1 or donation 7including a loan 

or other extension of credit7 that--    
7,a7 is provided by a foreign person    
located in ,turkey1 the ,united ,arab   
,emirates1 ,egypt1 ,jordan1 ,iraq1      
,oman1 ,bahrain1 ,kuwait1 the ,kingdom  
of ,saudi ,arabia1 ,tunisia1 ,algeria1  
,morocco1 ,libya1 or ,lebanon2 and  7,b7
 is received by a person or entity in   
any area of ,syria held by the ,assad   
regime4  7b7 ,report and strategy       
required  7#a7 ,submission ,not later   
than #ahj days after the date of the    
enactment of this ,act1 and annually    
thereafter for #e years1 the ,secretary 
of ,state1 in consultation with the     
,secretary of the ,treasury1 the        
,administrator of the ,drug ,enforcement
 ,administration1 and the heads of other
 appropriate ,federal departments and   
agencies1 shall submit to the           
appropriate congressional committees a  
report and strategy to describe and     
counter actions taken or planned by     
foreign governments to normalize1 engage
 with1 or upgrade political1 diplomatic1

 or economic ties with the regime led by
 ,bashar al-,assad in ,syria 7referred  
to in this section as the ,assad        
regime74  7#b7 ,elements ,the elements  
of the report under paragraph 7#a7 shall
 include-- 7,a7 a description of        
violations of international law and     
human rights abuses committed by ,bashar
 al-,assad1 the ,government of the      
,russian ,federation1 or the ,government
 of ,iran and progress towards justice  
and accountability for the ,syrian      
people2  7,b7 a full list of diplomatic 
meetings at the ,ambassador level or    
above1 between the ,syrian regime and   
any representative of the ,governments  
of ,turkey1 the ,united ,arab ,emirates1
 ,egypt1 ,jordan1 ,iraq1 ,oman1         
,bahrain1 ,kuwait1 the ,kingdom of      
,saudi ,arabia1 ,tunisia1 ,algeria1     
,morocco1 ,libya1 or ,lebanon1          
respectively2  7,c7 a list including an 
identification of-- 7i7 any single      
covered transaction exceeding #ejj1jjj2 
and  7ii7 any combination of covered    

transactions by the same source that1 in
 aggregate1 exceed #ejj1jjj and occur   
within a single year2  7,d7 for each    
identified single transaction or        
aggregate transactions1 as the case may 
be1 included in the list described in   
subparagraph 7,c71 a determination of   
whether such transaction subjects any of
 the parties to the transaction to      
sanctions under the ,caesar ,syria      
,civilian ,protection ,act of #bjai1 as 
amended by section #b2  7,e7 a          
description of the steps the ,united    
,states is taking to actively deter     
recognition or normalization of         
relations by other governments with the 
,assad regime1 including specific       
diplomatic engagements and use of       
economic sanctions authorized by        
statutes or implemented through         
,executive orders1 including-- 7i7 the  
,caesar ,syria ,civilian ,protection    
,act of #bjai 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #hgia      
note72  7ii7 the ,syria ,accountability 
and ,lebanese ,sovereignty ,restoration 

,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #baea note72  7iii7 
the ,comprehensive ,iran ,sanctions1    
,accountability1 and ,divestment ,act of
 #bjaj 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #heja et seq472   
7iv7 ,executive ,order #achid 7#hd ,fed4
 ,reg4 #eehea2 relating to blocking     
property and suspending entry of certain
 persons contributing to the situation  
in ,syria72  7v7 the ,global ,magnitsky 
,human ,rights ,accountability ,act 7#bb
 ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaja et seq472  7vi7 the   
,countering ,america's ,adversaries     
,through ,sanctions ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 
#idja et seq472 and  7vii7 the ,foreign 
,narcotics ,kingpin ,designation ,act   
7#ba ,u4,s4,c4 #aija et seq472 and  7,f7
 an assessment of how recognition or    
normalization of relations by other     
governments with the ,assad regime      
impacts the national security of the    
,united ,states1 prospects for          
implementation of the ,united ,nations  
,security ,council ,resolution #bbed1   
prospects for justice and accountability
 for war crimes in ,syria1 and the      

benefits derived by the ,government of  
the ,russian ,federation or the         
,government of ,iran4  7c7 ,scope ,the  
initial report required under subsection
 7b7 shall address the period beginning 
on ,january #a1 #bjba1 and ending on the
 date of the enactment of this ,act1 and
 each subsequent report shall address   
the #a-year period following the        
conclusion of the scope of the prior    
report4  7d7 ,form ,each report required
 under subsection 7b7 shall be submitted
 in an unclassified form1 but may       
contain a classified annex4 ,the        
unclassified section of such a report   
shall be made publicly available on a   
website of the ,united ,states ,federal 
,government4  #e4 ,reports on           
manipulation of ,united ,nations by     
,assad regime in ,syria ,not later than 
#ahj days after the date of the         
enactment of this ,act1 and annually    
thereafter for the following #e years1  
the ,secretary of ,state shall submit a 
report to the ,committee on ,foreign    

,relations of the ,senate and the       
,committee on ,foreign ,affairs of the  
,house of ,representatives describing   
the manipulation of the ,united ,nations
 by the regime led by ,bashar al-,assad 
in ,syria 7referred to in this section  
as the ,assad regime71 including-- 7#a7 
a description of conditions1 both       
explicit and implicit1 set by the ,assad
 regime with respect to ,united ,nations
 operations in ,syria including with    
respect to implementing partners1 hiring
 practices1 allocation of grants and    
contracts1 and procurement of goods and 
services2  7#b7 a description of the    
extent to which the ,united ,nations has
 rejected or otherwise opposed any of   
the conditions described in paragraph   
7#a72  7#c7 an identification of        
officials or employees of the ,united   
,nations 7including funds1 programs and 
specialized agencies of the ,united     
,nations7 with ties to the ,assad       
regime1 including family ties1 or       
persons designated for sanctions by     

,united ,nations donor countries2  7#d7 
a full account of access restrictions   
imposed by the ,assad regime and the    
overall impact on the ability of the    
,united ,nations to deliver             
international assistance to target      
beneficiaries in areas outside regime   
control2  7#e7 a description of ways in 
which ,united ,nations aid improperly   
benefits the ,assad regime and its      
associates in defiance of basic         
humanitarian principles2  7#f7 a        
description of the due diligence        
mechanisms and vetting procedures in    
place to ensure entities contracted by  
the ,united ,nations to ensure goods1   
supplies1 or services provided to ,syria
 do not have links to the ,assad regime1
 known human rights abusers1 or persons 
designated for sanctions by ,united     
,nations donor countries2  7#g7 an      
identification of entities affiliated   
with the ,assad regime1 including the   
,syria ,trust for ,development and the  
,syrian ,arab ,red ,crescent1 foreign   

government ministries1 and private      
corporations owned or controlled        
directly or indirectly by the ,assad    
regime1 that have received ,united      
,nations funding1 contracts1 or grants  
or have otherwise entered into a        
formalized partnership with the ,united 
,nations2  7#h7 an assessment of how the
 ,assad regime sets arbitrary or        
punitive exchange rates to extract      
funding from the ,united ,nations1 as   
well as the total amount extracted by   
such means2  7#i7 an assessment of the  
degree to which the various forms of    
manipulation described in this section  
has resulted in compromises of the      
humanitarian principles of humanity1    
neutrality1 impartiality1 and           
independence of the ,united ,nations2   
and  7#aj7 a strategy to reduce the     
ability of the ,assad regime to         
manipulate or otherwise influence the   
,united ,nations and other aid          
operations in ,syria and ensure ,united 
,states and international aid is        

delivered in a neutral and impartial    
manner consistent with basic            
humanitarian principles4