,,ii #aahth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #bcih ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,july #ai1 #bjbc,mr4 ,markey introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,health1 ,education1 ,labor1 and ,pensions ,a ,,bill ,to require research into the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,health ,impacts of ,nuclear ,war ,act of #bjbc4 #b4 ,findings ,congress finds that-- 7#a7 nuclear weapons explosions would have devastating health impacts1 including immediate radiation exposure1 thermal burns1 and blast injuries2 7#b7 a large body of scientific literature suggests that the impacts of wide-spread nuclear weapons explosions are likely to extend well beyond the immediate effect of the explosions and may include long-lasting and catastrophic environmental effects1 including-- 7,a7 the generation of vast quantities of soot as a result of firestorms generated by nuclear explosions2 7,b7 the injection of such soot into the stratosphere2 7,c7 a significant reduction in sunlight reaching the ,earth's surface as a result of such soot1 causing a significant reduction in ,earth's surface temperatures1 substantial changes to precipitation and ocean circulation patterns1 and a dramatic decrease in crop and fisheries yields2 and 7,d7 damage to the ozone layer as a result of such soot1 causing increased ultraviolet radiation at the ,earth's surface2 7#c7 such an environmental catastrophe could impact the ,united ,states even if the nuclear weapons explosions were outside the ,united ,states2 7#d7 the health consequences of such an environmental catastrophe would be severe and long-lasting and may include-- 7,a7 increased cancer rates as a result of higher ultra-violet radiation levels or radioactive fallout2 7,b7 malnutrition as a result of decreases in agricultural and fisheries productivity after an abrupt reduction in sunlight2 7,c7 infectious disease spread due to deteriorated public health concerns and compromised immunity2 7,d7 hypothermia1 frostbite1 and other consequences of exposure to extreme cold2 and 7,e7 other1 cascading effects1 such as consequences of widespread damage to critical infrastructure2 7#e7 such health consequences may be even more damaging and long-lasting than the initial impact of nuclear explosions1 and the prospects for recovery from such consequences are currently unclear2 7#f7 such health consequences should be considered when preparing all-hazards emergency plans as a component of chemical1 biological1 radiological1 and nuclear threats2 7#g7 the focus of existing ,federal ,government preparedness and planning for nuclear threats has primarily been on individual nuclear detonation incidents1 and not on responding to the long-term environmental and health impacts2 and 7#h7 research into1 and preparedness for1 the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war is of critical importance to the national security of the ,united ,states4 #c4 ,health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war ,subtitle ,c of title ,,xxviii of the ,public ,health ,service ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #cjj;hh-#ca et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #bhbg4 ,health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,environmental impacts of nuclear war ,the term environmental impacts of nuclear war means changes to the environment resulting1 either directly or indirectly1 from the explosion of nuclear weapons1 including-- 7,a7 the generation of vast quantities of soot as a result of firestorms generated by nuclear explosions2 7,b7 the injection of such soot into the stratosphere2 7,c7 a significant reduction in sunlight reaching the ,earth's surface as a result of such soot1 causing a significant reduction in ,earth's surface temperatures1 substantial changes to precipitation and ocean circulation patterns1 and a dramatic decrease in crop and fisheries yields2 7,d7 damage to the ozone layer as a result of such soot1 causing increased ultraviolet radiation at the ,earth's surface2 and 7,e7 other impacts1 as determined by the ,secretary4 7#b7 ,health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war ,the term health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war means adverse effects on the physical or mental well-being of individuals resulting1 either directly or indirectly1 from environmental impacts of nuclear war1 including-- 7,a7 increased cancer rates as a result of higher ultra-violet radiation levels or radioactive fallout2 7,b7 malnutrition as a result of decreases in agricultural and fisheries productivity after an abrupt reduction in sunlight2 7,c7 infectious disease spread due to deteriorated public health conditions and compromised immunity1 including due to malnutrition2 7,d7 hypothermia1 frostbite1 and other consequences of exposure to extreme cold2 and 7,e7 other consequences1 as determined by the ,secretary4 7#c7 ,nuclear war ,the term nuclear war means military conflict involving the detonation of multiple nuclear weapons4 7b7 ,research grants ,to study the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war 7#a7 ,research and preparedness program ,the ,secretary1 in collaboration with the ,director of the ,national ,institutes of ,health1 the ,director of the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 and the ,assistant ,secretary for ,preparedness and ,response1 shall develop and implement a #e-year research and preparedness program1 which may include activities carried out by the ,secretary1 as well as grants1 contracts1 and cooperative agreements awarded to eligible entities1 to address the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war4 7#b7 ,components of research and preparedness program ,the program may include-- 7,a7 scientific study of the potential health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 including the longevity of such effects and the prospects for recovery2 7,b7 exercises and drills to understand possible health system response to the environmental impacts of nuclear war2 7,c7 identifying and addressing capability and capacity gaps for health system response to the environmental impacts of nuclear war2 and 7,d7 developing countermeasures to combat the health effects of the environmental impacts of nuclear war4 7#c7 ,eligible entities ,to be eligible to receive a grant1 contract1 or cooperative agreement described in paragraph 7#a71 an entity shall-- 7,a7 be-- 7i7 a nonprofit entity2 7ii7 a nonprofit research institution2 or 7iii7 an institution of higher education 7as defined in section #ajb of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife72 and 7,b7 submit an application to the ,secretary1 at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,secretary may require4 7#d7 ,authorization of appropriations ,to carry out this subsection1 there are authorized to be appropriated #aj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh4 7c7 ,assessment and recommendations by the ,secretary 7#a7 ,assessment ,the ,secretary shall conduct an assessment of the ability of the health systems of the ,united ,states to respond to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 including-- 7,a7 an assessment of the possible health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war2 7,b7 an assessment of existing ,state and ,federal governmental preparedness and response authorities1 capabilities1 protocols1 and plans to respond to the likely health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war2 7,c7 an assessment of current countermeasures to address the range of likely health impacts in the event of environmental impacts of nuclear war2 7,d7 an assessment of the current scientific uncertainties relating to the environmental consequences of nuclear war1 their health consequences1 and their implications for preparedness2 7,e7 recommendations for further scientific research to address any uncertainties identified under subparagraph 7,d72 and 7,f7 identification and prioritization of the most critical preparedness and response gaps of the ,united ,states to address the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war4 7#b7 ,assessment report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,health ,impacts of ,nuclear ,war ,act of #bjbc1 the ,secretary shall prepare and submit to the ,committee on ,health1 ,education1 ,labor1 and ,pensions of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives a report that contains the findings of the study conducted under paragraph 7#a74 7#c7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the assessment under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall coordinate with the following3 7,a7 ,each of the following heads of agencies or departments 7or the designees of such heads73 7i7 ,the ,director of the ,national ,institutes of ,health4 7ii7 ,the ,assistant ,secretary for ,preparedness and ,response4 7iii7 ,the ,director of the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention4 7iv7 ,the ,assistant to the ,president for ,national ,security ,affairs4 7v7 ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy4 7vi7 ,the ,secretary of ,energy4 7vii7 ,the ,under ,secretary of ,energy for ,nuclear ,security4 7viii7 ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,nuclear ,security ,administration4 7ix7 ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science of the ,department of ,energy4 7x7 ,the ,secretary of ,commerce4 7xi7 ,the ,under ,secretary of ,commerce for ,oceans and ,atmosphere4 7xii7 ,the ,director of the ,national ,center for ,atmospheric ,research4 7xiii7 ,the ,secretary of the ,interior4 7xiv7 ,the ,director of the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey4 7xv7 ,the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7xvi7 ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation4 7xvii7 ,the ,secretary of ,defense4 7xviii7 ,the ,director of the ,defense ,threat ,reduction ,agency4 7xix7 ,the ,chairman of the ,joint ,chiefs of ,staff4 7xx7 ,the ,secretary of ,state4 7xxi7 ,the ,under ,secretary of ,state for ,arms ,control and ,international ,security4 7xxii7 ,the ,administrator of the ,federal ,emergency ,management ,authority4 7xxiii7 ,the ,secretary of ,agriculture4 7xxiv7 ,the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security4 7,b7 ,other stakeholders1 as the ,secretary determines appropriate4 4 #d4 ,scope of nuclear threats ,the ,public ,health ,service ,act is amended-- 7#a7 in section #cai;,c-#a 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#c;a7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7b77#b77;,a77i71 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after nuclear threats2 and 7,b7 in subsection 7g77#a77;,a71 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after nuclear threats2 7#b7 in section #cai;,c-#b7;c7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#c;b71 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after nuclear threats2 7#c7 in section #cai;,c-#c7;c77#a7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#c;c7c77#a771 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after infectious diseases2 7#d7 in section #cai;,f7d77#c77;,a7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#f7;d77#c77;,a771 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after infectious diseases2 7#e7 in section #cai,l7c77#d77;,f77i7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bdg;d-#g;e7c77#d77;,f77i771 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after infectious diseases2 7#f7 in section #bhja7;d77#c7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #cjj;hh7d77#c771 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg before the semicolon2 7#g7 in section #bhaa 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #cjj;hh-#aj7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7b77#d77;,j77i71 in the matter preceding subclause 7,i71 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after infectious diseases2 7,b7 in subsection 7d77#a71 by inserting 1 including the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after nuclear threats2 and 7,c7 in subsection 7d77#b77;,a71 by inserting 1 including with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg1 after ,nation2 and 7#h7 in section #bhaa-a7;c77#a77;,a7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #cjj;hh-#aj;a7c77#a77;,a771 by inserting and with respect to the health consequences of the environmental impacts of nuclear war1 as defined in section #bhbg after infectious diseases4