,,ii  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #bjjf  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,june #ae1 #bjbc,mr4   
,ris* 7= himself & ,mr4 ,m55dez7        
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign
 ,relations  ,a ,,bill  ,to fo/]        
,tunisia's democratic in/itutions1 to   
limit funds until ,tunisia re/ores *ecks
 & balances1 & to au?orize ! creation ( 
a fund to support democratic re=ms4  #a4
 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  
,safegu>d+ ,tunisian ,democracy ,act (  
#bjbc4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress makes !    
foll[+ f9d+s3 7#a7 ,9 #bjaj & #bjaa1    
waves ( anti-gov]nm5t prote/s & viol5ce 
re%ap$ gov]nm5ts across ! ,middle ,ea/ &
 ,nor? ,africa4  7#b7 ,:ile o!r c\ntries
 9 ! ,middle ,ea/ & ,nor? ,africa       
exp]i5c$ viol5t crackd[n1 rapid *anges 9
 gov]nm5t1 or desc5t into civil w>1     
,tunisia's ,jasm9e ,revolution saw !    
ou/] ( autocratic ,presid5t ,z9e ,el    
,abid9e ,b5 ,ali & ! em]g5ce ( a nasc5t1
 gr[+ democracy4  7#c7 ,on ,octob] #ad1 

#bjai1 ,tunisians ov]:elm+ly elect$     
,kais ,sai$1 a con/itutional law        
pr(essor1 z ,presid5t bas$ on 8 pl$ges  
to combat corruption & improve          
,tunisia's economic outlook4  7#d7 ,on  
,july #be1 #bjba1 ,presid5t ,sai$       
unilat]ally susp5d$ p>liam5t & dismiss$ 
! ,prime ,m9i/]1 cit+ exceptional       
circum/ances & ,article #hj ( ! #bjad   
con/itution4  7#e7 ,on ,septemb] #bb1   
#bjba1 ,presid5t ,sai$ issu$            
,presid5tial ,decree #aag1 consolidat+  
full executive & legislative p[]s )9 !  
presid5cy & au?oriz+ fur!r decrees      
regulat+ ! judici>y1 m$ia1 political    
p>ties1 electoral law1 fre$oms & human  
rights4  7#f7 ,on ,febru>y #f1 #bjbb1   
,presid5t ,sai$ dissolv$ ! ,supreme     
,judicial ,c\ncil1 elim9at+ an indep5d5t
 judici>y4  7#g7 ,on ,m>* #cj1 #bjbb1   
,presid5t ,sai$ (ficially dissolv$      
p>liam5t1 fur!r consolidat+ p[] &       
elim9at+ *ecks & balances on !          
presid5cy4  7#h7 ,on ,june #cj1 #bjbb1  
,presid5t ,sai$ unilat]ally introduc$ a 

new draft con/itution1 subject to a     
ref]5dum1 consolidat+ broad p[]s "u     
executive rule4  7#i7 ,on ,july #be1    
#bjbb1 ,sai$ claim$ victory 9 a         
con/itutional ref]5dum widely criticiz$ 
= its lack ( cr$ibility & p>ticipation4 
7#aj7 ,on ,septemb] #ac1 #bjbb1         
,presid5t ,sai$ ann\nc$ ,presid5tial    
,decree #bjbb-ed on ,cyb]crime1 impos+  
prison t]ms = false in=mation or rumors 
onl9e & crippl+ free spee*4  7#aa7 ,on  
,septemb] #ae1 #bjbb1 ,presid5t ,sai$   
ann\nc$ ,presid5tial ,decree #bjbb-ee   
:i* weak5$ ! role ( political p>ties &  
impos$ burd5some requirem5ts to run =   
p>liam5t4  7#ab7 ,on ,octob] #ae1 #bjbb1
 ! ,int]national ,monet>y ,fund rea*$ a 
/aff-level agreem5t to support          
,tunisia's economic policies ) a        
#dh-mon? arrangem5t "u ! ,ext5d$ ,fund  
,facility ( #a1ijj1jjj1jjj & ! pot5tial 
= m f int]national donors4  7#ac7 ,on   
,decemb] #ag1 #bjbb1 only #aa p]c5t (   
,tunisians p>ticipat$ 9 p>liam5t>y      
elections1 reflect+ dissatisfaction ) ! 

ref]5dum1 b>ri]s to political p>ties1 & 
l[ public tru/ = democratic in/itutions 
9 ,tunisia4  7#ad7 ,on ,janu>y #bj1     
#bjbc1 #d political oppon5ts ( ,presid5t
 ,sai$ 7 s5t5c$ ?r\gh milit>y c\rts =   
insult+ a public (ficial & di/urb+      
public ord]4  7#ae7 ,on ,janu>y #bi1    
#bjbc1 only #aa p]c5t ( ,tunisians      
p>ticipat$ 9 p>liam5t>y run-(f          
elections1 reaffirm+ l[ public tru/ =   
democratic in/itutions 9 ,tunisia4      
7#af7 ,on ,febru>y #a1 #bjbc1 ,presid5t 
,sai$ ext5d$ ! /ate ( em]g5cy until !   
end ( #bjbc4  7#ag7 ,on ,febru>y #aj1   
#bjbc1 ,presid5t ,sai$ ann\nc$ /r5g!n$  
diplomatic ties ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,syria1 
a ,unit$ ,/ates-designat$ ,/ate ,sponsor
 ( ,t]rorism4  7#ah7 ,on ,febru>y #aa1  
#bjbc1 & 9 ! foll[+ weeks1 ,presid5t    
,sai$ laun*$ a political crackd[n by    
arre/+ political activi/s1 j\rnali/s1 & 
bus9ess lead]s = alleg$ly plott+ aga9/ !
 /ate1 includ+ by op5+ a crim9al        
inve/igation aga9/ a =m] ,nidaa ,t\nes  
p>liam5t>ian4  7#ai7 ,on ,febru>y #ba1  

#bjbc1 ,presid5t ,sai$ ju/ifi$          
widespread arre/s & h>assm5t ( ,african 
migrants & ,black ,tunisians by accus+  
hordes ( irregul> migrants ( crim9ality 
& viol5ce1 claim+ a crim9al ent]prise   
hat*$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury to *ange 
! demographic composition ( ,tunisia    
?reat5$ national security4  7#bj7 ,on   
,febru>y #bb1 #bjbc1 ,tunisian          
au?orities arre/$ ,republican ,p>ty     
lead] ,issam ,*ebbi & ,national         
,salvation ,front memb] ,*aima ,issa4   
7#ba7 ,on ,febru>y #bd1 #bjbc1 ,tunisian
 au?orities arre/$ ,national ,salvation 
,front memb] ,ja:] ,b5 ,mb>ek4  7#bb7   
,on ,april #ag1 #bjbc1 ,presid5t ,kais  
,sai$ v[$ rel5tless w> aga9/ opposition 
figures1 jail$ ,ennahdha p>ty lead]     
,ra*$ ,ghann\*i1 deta9$ presid5t ( !    
,national ,salvation ,front coalition   
,nejib ,*ebbi1 & %utt]$ ,ennahdha (fices
 & ^? ( an ideologically broad          
opposition coalition4  7#bc7 ,z ( ,april
 #bj1 #bjbc1 an ,int]national ,monet>y  
,fund loan = ,tunisia rema9s /all$ z    

,presid5t ,sai$'s *>act]iz$ necess>y    
re=ms z =eign diktats & decri$ propos$  
cuts 9 subsidies z socially de/abiliz+4 
#c4 ,/atem5t ( policy ,x %all be !      
policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7#a7 to =ge a
 /rong & la/+ p>tn]%ip ) ! ,gov]nm5t (  
,tunisia to support %>$ national        
security int]e/s to include c\nt]+ !    
endur+ ?reat ( transnational t]rorism & 
promot+ regional /ability2  7#b7 to     
develop & implem5t a security /rategy t 
builds p>tn] capacity to address %>$    
?reats & cem5ts ! role ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 z ! p>tn] ( *oice2  7#c7 to enc\rage   
/&>ds & tra9+ = ! ,tunisian ,arm$ ,=ces 
t en%r9es milit>y pr(essionalism &      
respect = civil-milit>y relations2  7#d7
 to support ! ,tunisian p's aspirations 
= a democratic future & support         
democratic pr9ciples 9 ,tunisia1 to     
include a robu/ civil society1 respect =
 fre$oms ( expression & association1    
press fre$om1 sep>ation ( p[]s1 & ! rule
 ( law2  7#e7 to support ! ,tunisian p's
 livelihoods & aspirations = economic   

dignity2  7#f7 to "w 9 t&em ) our ,g#g &
 o!r p>tn]s to promote ,tunisia's return
 to democratic pr9ciples 9 a mann] t    
halts democratic backslid+1 /abilizes ! 
economic crisis1 spurs economic         
developm5t1 & mitigates de/abiliz+      
migration fl[s2 &  7#g7 to readju/      
bilat]al ,unit$ ,/ates =eign assi/ance1 
includ+ security assi/ance1 bas$ on !   
progress ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tunisia t[>d  
meet+ ! democratic aspirations &        
economic ne$s ( ! ,tunisian p4  #d4     
,limitation on funds2 creation (        
,tunisia ,democracy ,support ,fund2     
report  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,effective ^u !    
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !         
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 9 conjunction ) !    
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 
,int]national ,developm5t-- 7#a7 %all   
limit fund+ to ,tunisia1 z provid$ = 9  
subsection 7b72 &  7#b7 is au?oriz$ to  
e/abli% a ,tunisia ,democracy ,support  
,fund1 z provid$ = 9 subsection 7c71 to 
enc\rage re=ms t re/ore ,tunisian       
democracy & rule ( law4  7b7 ,limitation

 on funds ,( ! funds au?oriz$ to be     
appropriat$ or o!rwise made available 9 
fiscal ye>s #bjbd & #bjbe to c>ry out   
*apt]s #a & #h ( "p ,i ( ! ,=eign       
,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4  
#baea et seq471 *apt]s #a ?r\gh #f1 #h1 
& #i ( "p ,,ii ( su* ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4
 #bcja et seq471 & section #bc ( ! ,arms
 ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4   
#bgfc7 = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tunisia1 an     
aggregate am\nt ( #be p]c5t = ea* su*   
fiscal ye> %all be )held f obligation1 )
 ! exception ( fund+ = ,tunisian civil  
society1 until ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate      
det]m9es & c]tifies to ! appropriate    
congressional committees t ! /ate (     
em]g5cy decl>$ on ,july #be1 #bjba1 has 
be5 t]m9at$4  7c7 ,tunisia ,democracy   
,support ,fund au?oriz$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al  
,!re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate #ajj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( !
 fiscal ye>s #bjbd & #bjbe1 :i* %all be 
us$ to e/abli% ! ,tunisia ,democracy    
,support ,fund = ! purpose ( enc\rag+   
re=ms t re/ore ,tunisia's democratic    

in/itutions & rule ( law4  7#b7         
,limitation ,funds au?oriz$ to be       
appropriat$ pursuant to p>agraph 7#a7   
%all n be available = obligation until !
 ,secret>y ( ,/ate c]tifies 9 writ+ to !
 appropriate congressional committees t 
! ,gov]nm5t ( ,tunisia has demon/rat$   
measurable progress t[>ds ! democratic  
b5*m>ks outl9$ 9 subsection 7d74  7d7   
,democratic b5*m>ks ,pursuant to        
subsection 7c77#b71 ! democratic b5*m>ks
 to be address$ 9 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate's 
c]tification are :e!r ! ,gov]nm5t (     
,tunisia-- 7#a7 appropriately emp[]s    
,p>liam5t to s]ve ! ,tunisian p & s]ve z
 an indep5d5t1 co-equal bran* ( gov]nm5t
 ess5tial to a heal?y democracy2  7#b7  
re/ores judicial indep5d5ce & e/abli%es 
! ,con/itutional ,c\rt 9 a mann] t fo/]s
 an indep5d5t judici>y & s]ves z a *eck 
on ! presid5cy2  7#c7 is tak+ cr$ible   
/eps to respect fre$oms ( expression1   
association1 & ! press2  7#d7 creates an
 enabl+ op]at+ environm5t 9 :i*         
,tunisian civil society organizations c 

op]ate )\t undue int]f]5ce1 includ+     
p]mitt+ int]national fund+2  7#e7 ceases
 use ( milit>y c\rts to try civilians2 &
  7#f7 ceases ef=ts to intimidate       
,tunisian indep5d5t m$ia ?r\gh arbitr>y 
arre/s & crim9al prosecutions (         
j\rnali/s on illegitimate *>ges4  7e7   
,initial ,report1 ,annual ,report &     
,brief+  7#a7 ,initial report ,n lat]   
?an #abj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t (
 ?is ,act & annually !reaft] ?r\gh      
#bjbh1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all provide 
a report & accompany+ brief+ on ! /ate (
 ,tunisia's democracy & associat$       
progress on ! democratic b5*m>ks outl9$ 
9 subsection 7d7 to ! appropriate       
congressional committees4  7#b7 ,=m (   
report ,! report requir$ by p>agraph    
7#a7 %all be submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 
b may include a classifi$ annex4  7f7   
,waiv] ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate may waive ! 
limitation on fund+ "u subsection 7b7 if
 ! ,secret>y1 n lat] ?an #ae days be=e !
 waiv] is to take effect1 c]tifies to ! 
appropriate congressional committees t  

su* waiv] is 9 ! national int]e/ ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,secret>y %all submit 
) ! c]tification a detail$ ju/ification 
expla9+ ! reasons = ! waiv]4  7g7 ,def9$
 t]m ,9 ?is section1 ! t]m appropriate  
congressional committees means-- 7#a7 ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,relations ( !     
,s5ate2  7#b7 ! ,committee on           
,appropriations ( ! ,s5ate2  7#c7 !     
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives2 &  7#d7 ! ,committee 
on ,appropriations ( ! ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives4  #e4 ,t]m9ation ,?is   
,act %all t]m9ate on ! date t is #e ye>s
 aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act4