,,ii #aahth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #agjb ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,may #ah1 #bjbc,ms4 ,hirono 7for herself1 ,mr4 ,booker1 ,ms4 ,cortez ,masto1 ,mrs4 ,feinstein1 ,mrs4 ,gillibrand1 ,ms4 ,klobuchar1 ,mr4 ,padilla1 ,ms4 ,rosen1 ,ms4 ,smith1 ,ms4 ,warren1 and ,mr4 ,lujn7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,health1 ,education1 ,labor1 and ,pensions ,a ,,bill ,to authorize the ,secretary of ,education to award grants to eligible entities to carry out educational programs that include the history of peoples of ,asian1 ,native ,hawaiian1 and ,pacific ,islander descent in the settling and founding of ,america1 the social1 economic1 and political environments that led to the development of discriminatory laws targeting ,asians1 ,native ,hawaiians1 and ,pacific ,islanders and their relation to current events1 and the impact and contributions of ,asian ,americans1 ,native ,hawaiians1 and ,pacific ,islanders to the development and enhancement of ,american life1 ,united ,states history1 literature1 the economy1 politics1 body of laws1 and culture1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,teaching ,asian ,american1 ,native ,hawaiian1 and ,pacific ,islander ,history ,act4 #b4 ,findings ,congress finds the following3 7#a7 ,the ,united ,states has benefitted from the integral role ,asian ,americans and ,pacific ,islanders have played in our ,nation's history and contributions to the world4 7#b7 ,the ,pacific ,island ,territories of ,guam1 ,american ,samoa1 and the ,commonwealth of the ,northern ,mariana ,islands1 and all of the ,pacific ,islands1 including ,melanesia1 ,micronesia1 and ,polynesia1 have unique histories that are often overlooked in ,american history despite their immense contributions to our ,nation4 7#c7 ,the traditional ,american history curriculum for kindergarten through grade #ab continues to be taught from a ,eurocentric point of view and excludes histories of racist immigration laws relevant to policies today4 7#d7 ,social studies textbooks for kindergarten through grade #ab poorly represent ,asian ,americans and ,pacific ,islanders1 overlook the diversity within those communities1 and print images of ,asian ,americans and ,pacific ,islanders in stereotypical roles4 7#e7 ,the ,federal ,government1 through support for educational activities of national museums established under ,federal law1 can assist teachers in efforts to incorporate historically accurate instruction on the comprehensive history of ,asian ,americans and ,pacific ,islanders and assist students in their exploration of ,asian ,pacific ,american history as an integral part of ,american history4 7#f7 ,the history of ,america's system of immigration is rife with racism1 embedded with goals of hiring workers to work for cheaper wages and labor in heinous working conditions4 7#g7 ,congress has continuously passed anti-,asian laws as the result of the scapegoating of ,asian immigrant laborers for economic downturns in the ,united ,states4 7#h7 ,the history of ,south ,asian ,americans in the ,united ,states dates back to the late #agjjs4 7#i7 ,the history of ,native ,hawaiians and ,pacific ,islanders in what is now considered to be the ,united ,states predates the founding of our ,nation4 7#aj7 ,in #aiic1 ,congress passed a joint resolution that was signed into law formally apologizing for the role of the ,united ,states in the illegal overthrow of the ,kingdom of ,hawaii1 which resulted in the suppression of the inherent sovereignty of the ,native ,hawaiian people4 7#aa7 ,twelve thousand ,chinese laborers worked in atrocious conditions to build the ,transcontinental ,railroad1 many dying from harsh weather conditions and the dangers of handling explosives4 7#ab7 ,the ,page ,act of #ahge1 the first restrictive immigration law in the ,united ,states1 sought to prevent the entry of ,asian women perceived as immoral or suspected of prostitution4 7#ac7 ,after the ,chinese ,exclusion ,act of #ahhb banned ,chinese immigrants from immigrating to the ,united ,states1 ,japanese immigrants were hired4 ,after the ,japanese were banned from immigrating due to the ,gentleman's ,agreement of #aijg1 which halted immigration from ,japan1 ,filipino immigrants were hired under #c-year contracts4 7#ad7 ,filipino farm workers helped found the farm worker labor movement in the ,united ,states4 7#ae7 ,the ,immigration ,act of #aiag restricted immigration to the ,united ,states by barring immigration from the ,asia-,pacific zone4 7#af7 ,the ,immigration ,act of #aibd set a national origin quota to deter immigration4 7#ag7 ,president ,franklin ,d4 ,roosevelt's ,executive ,order #ijff authorized the incarceration of more than #abj1jjj persons of ,japanese ancestry1 two-thirds of whom were ,american citizens1 based solely on race4 7#ah7 ,beginning in #aied1 the ,united ,states displaced more than #c1jjj1jjj refugees from ,cambodia1 ,laos1 and ,vietnam due to covert and overt ,united ,states military operations in ,southeast ,asia4 7#ai7 ,the ,immigration ,act of #aife made family unification and skills-based migration the bedrock principle of immigration to the ,united ,states4 7#bj7 ,the nuclear testing conducted by the ,united ,states on the ,bikini and ,enewetak ,atoll of the ,marshall ,islands has made parts of the island nation uninhabitable and caused forced migration and health complications that still impact the community today4 7#ba7 ,the ,united ,states ratified a ,compact of ,free ,association with the ,federated ,states of ,micronesia1 ,republic of the ,marshall ,islands1 and the ,republic of ,palau enabling citizens of these ,pacific ,island nations to legally migrate to the ,united ,states visa-free while the ,united ,states retains certain strategic military rights over their territorial waters4 7#bb7 ,in the aftermath of the ,vietnam ,war1 the ,refugee ,act of #aihj helped more than #ejj1jjj ,southeast ,asians gain permanent resident status in the ,united ,states within the first decade of its passage4 7#bc7 ,the ,pacific ,islander community represents the largest concentration of any ethnic group enlisted in the ,united ,states military1 as well as representing the highest numbers of casualties in recent wars4 7#bd7 ,the model minority myth perpetuates the stigma of ,asian ,americans as perpetual foreigners1 and such stereotypes are used to pit minority groups against one another4 7#be7 ,the pattern of hate crimes and hate incidents directed at ,asians and ,asian ,americans has repeated itself throughout history4 7#bf7 ,asian ,american and ,african ,american histories of fighting against oppression and racism are intertwined1 from the ,black ,power ,movement of the #aifjs that birthed the ,asian ,american ,movement to civil rights protests in present day4 7#bg7 ,asian ,americans and ,pacific ,islanders and their allies continue to fight discrimination1 racial prejudice1 hate crimes1 scapegoating1 structural racism1 economic inequities1 and benign and overt omission of the integral role they played in the development of this ,nation4 #c4 ,american history and civics education 7a7 ,program authorized ,section #bbca7;a7 of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fffa7;a77 is amended-- 7#a7 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history2 and 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 by inserting which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history12 and 7,b7 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history after traditional ,american history4 7b7 ,presidential and congressional academies for american history and civics ,section #bbcb of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fffb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7c77#a71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history2 7#b7 in subsection 7e7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after teachers of ,american history2 and 7,,ii7 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after subjects of ,american history2 and 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history2 and 7,c7 in paragraph 7#d71 by inserting 1 and with the ,smithsonian ,institution's ,asian ,pacific ,american ,center to provide programs and resources for educators and students after ,national ,parks2 and 7#c7 in paragraph 7#a7 of subsection 7f7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting including ,asian ,pacific ,american history after ,american history2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history2 and 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting 1 which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history4 7c7 ,national activities ,section #bbcc of the ,elementary and ,secondary ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #fffc7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a71 by inserting which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history12 and 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by inserting which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history12 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#a77;,a71 by inserting which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history1 after ,american history14 7d7 ,national assessment of educational progress ,section #cjc7;b77#b77;,d7 of the ,national ,assessment of ,educational ,progress ,authorization ,act 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ifbb7;b77#b77;,d77 is amended by inserting 7which shall include ,asian ,pacific ,american history7 after history4 #d4 ,effective date ,this ,act1 and the amendments made by this ,act1 shall take effect on the day after the date of enactment4