,,ii  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #acid  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,may #a1 #bjbc,mr4     
,m>key 7= himself1 ,ms4 ,w>r51 ,mr4     
,m]kley1 & ,mr4 ,s&]s7 introduc$ !      
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices  ,a   
,,bill  ,to prohibit ! use ( ,f$]al     
funds to laun* a nucle> weapon us+ an   
autonom\s weapons sy/em t is n subject  
to mean+ful human control1 & = o!r      
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,block ,nucle> ,laun* by   
,autonom\s ,artificial ,intellig5ce ,act
 ( #bjbc4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !  
foll[+3 7#a7 ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se        
,directive #cjjj4ji 7relat+ to ,autonomy
 9 ,weapons ,sy/ems71 dat$ ,novemb] #ba1
 #bjab1 def9es autonom\s weapons sy/em z
 a weapons sy/em t1 once activat$1 c    
select & engage t>gets )\t fur!r        
int]v5tion by an op]ator4  7#b7 ,article
 #c1 clause #h ( ! ,conv5tion on        
,prohibitions or ,re/rictions on ! ,use 
( ,c]ta9 ,conv5tional ,weapons ,:i* may 

be ,deem$ to be ,excessively ,injuri\s  
or to ,h ,indiscrim9ate ,effects1 sign$ 
at ,g5eva ,octob] #aj1 #aihj 7commonly  
kn[n z ! ,conv5tion on ,c]ta9           
,conv5tional ,weapons7 prohibits !      
indiscrim9ate use ( weapons1 :i* is     
def9$ 9 ! ,conv5tion on ,c]ta9          
,conv5tional ,weapons z any placem5t (  
su* weapons''':i* may be expect$ to     
cause incid5tal loss ( civilian life1   
injury to civilians1 damage to civilian 
objects1 or a comb9ation !re(1 :i* w\ld 
be excessive 9 relation to ! concrete & 
direct milit>y advantage anticipat$4    
7#c7 ,section #e4aj ( ! ,dep>tm5t (     
,def5se ,law ( ,w> ,manual /ates t      
comm&]s1 at all levels1 h a great       
responsibility to ex]cise ! lead]%ip    
necess>y to r$uce ! risk ( h>m to       
civilians & civilian objects4  7#d7 ,9 a
 report on autonom\s weapons sy/ems     
publi%$ on ,decemb] #a1 #bjba1 ,human   
,rights ,wat* & ! ,int]national ,human  
,rights ,cl9ic ( ,h>v>d ,law ,s*ool     
argue t robots lack ! compassion1       

empa?y1 m]cy1 & judgm5t necess>y to     
treat humans humanely1 & !y _c und]/& ! 
inh]5t wor? ( human life4  7#e7 ,! #bjbb
 ,nucle> ,po/ure ,review /ates in all   
cases1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates w ma9ta9 a human 
9 ! loop = all actions critical to in=m+
 & execut+ decisions by ! ,presid5t to  
initiate & t]m9ate nucle> weapon        
employm5t4  7#f7 ,! ,national ,security 
,commission on ,artificial ,intellig5ce 
recomm5ds t ! ,unit$ ,/ates cle>ly &    
publicly affirm exi/+ ,u4,s4 policy t   
only human be+s c au?orize employm5t (  
nucle> weapons & seek simil> commitm5ts 
f ,russia & ,*9a4  7#g7 ,on ,febru>y    
#af1 #bjbc1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate issu$ a 
,political ,decl>ation on ,responsible  
,milit>y ,use ( ,artificial ,intellig5ce
 & ,autonomy1 :i* /ates t ,/ates %\ld   
ma9ta9 human control & involvem5t = all 
actions critical to in=m+ & execut+     
sov]eign decisions conc]n+ nucle>       
weapons4  7#h7 ,l>ge-scale nucle> w>    
w\ld lead to ! dea?s ( millions ( p1    
fire/orms1 radioactive fall\t           

contam9ation1 agricultural failure1 &   
cata/rophic climate results4  7#i7      
,compliance ) int]national humanit>ian  
law1 human control & human legal judgm5t
 is ess5tial 9 ! nucle> comm& & control 
process4  #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! 
s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 ! use ( le?al1
 autonom\s nucle> weapons sy/ems t are n
 subject to mean+ful human control _c   
prop]ly adh]e to int]national           
humanit>ian law2 &  7#b7 any decision to
 laun* a nucle> weapon %\ld n be made by
 artificial intellig5ce4  #d4           
,prohibition on use ( ,f$]al funds to   
deploy nucle> weapons ) autonom\s       
weapons sy/ems n subject to mean+ful    
human control  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,none ( !   
funds au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ or     
o!rwise made available = any fiscal ye> 
may be obligat$ or exp5d$ to use an     
autonom\s weapons sy/em t is n subject  
to mean+ful human control-- 7#a7 to     
laun* a nucle> weapon2 or  7#b7 to      
select or engage t>gets = ! purposes (  
laun*+ a nucle> weapon4  7b7 ,def9itions

 ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,autonom\s weapons
 sy/em ,! t]m autonom\s weapons sy/em   
has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 ,dep>tm5t (  
,def5se ,directive #cjjj4ji 7relat+ to  
,autonomy 9 ,weapons ,sy/ems71 z 9      
effect on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act4  7#b7 ,mean+ful human control ,!  
t]m mean+ful human control means1 )     
respect to an autonom\s weapons sy/em1  
human control (-- 7,a7 ! selection &    
engagem5t ( t>gets2 &  7,b7 ! "t1       
location1 & mann] ( use4