,,iv  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #id  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(      
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #b1 #bjbc,mr4
 ,espaillat 7= himself1 ,mrs4 ,watson   
,coleman1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,ms4 ,velzquez1  
,mr4 ,davis ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,ivey1 &   
,mr4 ,b[man7 submitt$ ! foll[+          
resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee
 on ,ov]sight & ,acc\ntability          
,,resolution  ,honor+ ! legacy ( !      
,h>lem ,r5aissance1 a cultural1 social1 
& political movem5t 9 ,am]ican hi/ory4  
,:]eas ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance radically   
r$ef9$ ! ,black exp]i5ce & cont9ues to  
influ5ce future g5]ations ( arti/s1     
writ]s1 & intellectuals1 creat+         
indelible impacts on culture 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates & ! _w2 ,:]eas approximately     
#f1jjj1jjj ,black p mov$ f ! ,am]ican   
,s\? to ,nor!rn1 ,midwe/]n1 & ,we/]n    
,/ates betwe5 ! #aiajs until ! #aigjs1 a
 population %ift :i* we "k today z ,!   
,great ,migration1 "o ( ! l>ge/ movem5ts
 ( p 9 ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory seek+ to    
escape ! radically raci/ sy/em ( ,jim   

,cr[ segregation policies2 ,:]eas !     
,great ,migration ( ,blacks f ! ,s\!rn  
,/ates & ! arrival ( ,african diasporans
 notably f ! ,c>ibbean & ,lat9 ,am]ica  
seek+ economic opportunities1 bett] h\s+
 & education1 & social ju/ice & civil   
rights also s]v$ ! ,_w ,w> ,i ef=ts z   
patriotic ,am]icans despite segregation 
& sy/emic racial discrim9ation 9 !      
,army2 ,:]eas ! mo/ celebrat$           
,african-,am]ican regim5t 9 ,_w ,w> ,i1 
! #cfi? ,infantry ,regim5t1 ! ,h>lem    
,hellfight]s 7,black ,rattl]s71 mo/ly   
,new ,york]s 7,blacks & ,lat9os7 &      
resid5ts ( ,h>lem1 ent]$ ! battlefields 
on ,octob] #ae1 #aiah1 f\ght bravely 9 !
 ,meuse-,argonne ,(f5sive alongside !   
,fr5* troops1 & 7 aw>d$ ! highe/ honor  
by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t1 ! ,croix de       
,gu]re2 ,:]eas ! #cfi? ,infantry        
,regim5t1 ! ,h>lem ,hellfight]s1 f\ght )
 brav]y 9 battle1 "u ! lead]%ip (       
,lieut5ant ,james ,reese ,europe1 !     
#cfi? ,regim5t milit>y b& also became   
kn[n = its ragtime music & is cr$it$ =  

introduc+ ,am]ican jazz to ,europe2     
,:]eas its triumphant return to ! ,unit$
 ,/ates & p>ade :i* drew ?\s&s on       
,febru>y #ag1 #aiai1 is consid]$ ! />t (
 ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance era2 ,:]eas ,h>lem
 9 ,new ,york ,city 0 "o ( ! mo/ popul> 
de/9ations = ^! families1 a =m]ly       
all-,:ite neighborhood t by ! #aibjs    
became home to "s #bjj1jjj-ejj1jjj      
,african ,am]icans2 ,:]eas ?is          
consid]able population %ift fo/]$ ! bir?
 ( an ,african-,am]ican cultural        
movem5t2 ,:]eas lead+ organizations su* 
z ! ,national ,urban ,league & !        
,national ,association = ! ,advancem5t (
 ,color$ ,p 7,,naacp7 head$ by well-kn[n
 figures su* z ,w4,e4,b4 ,du ,bois1     
,james ,weldon ,johnson1 ,walt] ,:ite1 &
 ,jessie ,fauset :o provid$ ae/hetic    
guidance & f9ancial support bo? = ?is   
cultural awak5+ t spann$ f ! #aiajs to !
 mid-#aicjs1 & to )/& & ov]come         
segregat$ *ur*es1 s*ools1 h\s+1 /ores1  
!at]s1 hotels1 & re/aurants :i* p]si/$  
ev5 9 ,h>lem 9 "o =m or ano!r z late z !

 #aifjs2 ,:]eas 9 #aiad1 ,m>cus ,g>vey1 
( ,jamaican desc5t1 f\nd$ ! ,unit$      
,negro ,improvem5t ,association &       
advocat$ = /rong] connections betwe5    
,african ,am]icans & ! worldwide        
,african diaspora1 0 also a lead+       
intellectual dur+ ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance2 
,:]eas educator1 writ]1 & philosoph]    
,ala9 ,locke compil$ an an?ology        
reflect+ ! works ( ,african ,am]icans   
seek+ social1 political1 & arti/ic *ange
 call$ ! ,new ,negro ^: "n came to def9e
 a movem5t :i* today we "k z ! ,h>lem   
,r5aissance2 ,:]eas /atesman ,asa       
,philip ,r&olph help$ e/abli% our       
,nation's fir/ f$]ally recogniz$ labor  
union to protect ,black work]s1 !       
,bro!rhood ( ,sleep+ ,c> ,port]s1 9     
#aibe1 9 ,h>lem2 ,:]eas bold & excit+   
=ms ( ,black music evolv$1 along ) v5ues
 to li/5 & to dance to ! music su* z    
,h>lem's ,m9ton's ,playh\se1 ! ,cotton  
,club1 ,small's ,p>adise1 ,baby ,gr&1   
,l5ox ,l\nge1 ,savoy ,ballroom1         
,r5aissance ,ballroom1 & ,alhambra      

,ballroom2 ,:]eas blues1 ragtime1 & jazz
 became ! key =m ( =m ( cultural        
expression 9 ,h>lem1 :]e leg5d>y arti/s 
su* z ,scott ,jopl91 ,l\is ,arm/rong1   
,duke ,ell+ton1 ,cab ,call[ay1 ,l5a     
,horne1 ,bessie ,smi?1 ,c\nt ,basie1    
,e!l ,wat]s1 ,ella ,fitzg]ald1 ,billie  
,holiday1 ,ivie ,&]son1 ,mamie ,smi?1   
,noble ,sissle1 ,eubie ,blake1 ,jelly   
,roll ,morton1 & _m p]=m]s compos]s &   
arrang]s rose to prom95ce2 ,:]eas ,edw>d
 ,k5n$y ,duke ,ell+ton1 ) ,billy        
,/rayhorn1 a gay great affectionately   
kn[n z1 ,sweet ,pea1 0 a compos]1       
piani/1 & jazz or*e/ra lead] = five     
decades writ+ ov] #a1jjj songs1 & ,l\is 
,arm/rong1 ! ,jazz ,ambassador1 became  
?ree ( ! mo/ influ5tial musicians 9 !   
hi/ory ( jazz ) a di/9ctive voice & a   
unique /yle2 ,:]eas ! era also saw !    
burgeon+ ( lit]>y "w by & ab\t ,african 
,am]icans by writ]s l ,/]l+ ,a4 ,br[n1  
,alice ,dunb> ,nelson1 ,lang/on ,hughes1
 ,zora ,neale ,hur/on1 ,nella ,l>son1   
,wallace ,?urman1 & ,c\ntee ,cull51 to  

"n j a few2 ,:]eas two ( ! fir/ works t 
_h a significant impact on ! culture ( !
 ,h>lem ,r5aissance 7 ! poetry          
an?ologies kn[n z ,h>lem ,%ad[s by      
,claude ,mc,kay & ,cane by ,jean ,toom]2
 ,:]eas arti/ ,a>on ,d\glas1 a figure ( 
! ,h>lem ,r5aissance1 def9$ a mod]n     
visual language t repres5t$ ,black      
,am]icans 9 a new light & lat] became   
kn[n z ! fa!r ( ,african-,am]ican art1  
along ) not$ sculptor ,ri*>d ,b>! &     
sev]al lead+ wom5 arti/s1 includ+       
,augu/a ,savage & ,elizabe? ,catlett2   
,:]eas acclaim$ ,black ar*itects includ+
 ,v]tn] ,woodson ,t&y1 ,george ,wa%+ton 
,fo/]1 ,john ,lewis ,wilson1 & ,norma   
,m]rick ,skl>ek all help$ to trans=m !  
,h>lem l&scape2 ,:]eas acclaim$         
photograph]s ,james ,van ,d] ,zee1      
,morgan & ,m>v9 ,smi?1 ,au/5 ,hans51 &  
,gordon ,p>ks 7 kn[n z ! un(ficial      
*ronicl]s ( ,african-,am]ican life 9    
,h>lem & _! va/ portfolios ( =mal &     
in=mal photographs help to provide a    
res\nd+ visual legacy ( ?is mom5t 9     

hi/ory2 ,:]eas ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance is  
rememb]$ = ! lit]ature t came f !       
movem5t1 includ+ ,home to ,h>lem by     
,claude ,mc,kay1 ,n ,)\t ,laught] by    
,lang/on ,hughes1 ,! ,infants ( ! ,spr+ 
by ,wallace ,?urman1 ,smoke ,lillies &  
,jade by ,ri*>d ,bruce ,nug5t1 ,black   
,no ,m by ,george ,s*uyl]1 & ,_! ,eyes  
,7 ,wat*+ ,god by ,zora ,neale ,hur/on1 
& publi%] & writ] ,doro?y ,we/'s ,!     
,liv+ is ,easy2 ,:]eas ! developm5t (   
,h>lem z a ,black cultural mecca 9 !    
e>ly #bj? c5tury & ! subsequ5t social & 
arti/ic movem5ts t produc$ a gold5 era 9
 ,african-,am]ican culture manife/$ 9   
dance1 design1 ar*itecture1 poetry1     
lit]ature1 politics1 fa%ion1 s*ol>%ip1  
music & /age p]=mance1 & art2 ,:]eas    
,h>lem attract$ a rem>kable conc5tration
 ( intellect & tal5t & s]v$ z ! symbolic
 capital ( ?is cultural awak5+1 :ile o!r
 ,new ,york ,city neighborhoods1 z well 
z communities 9 ,*icago1 ,clevel&1 &    
,los ,angeles1 also nurtur$ social &    
creative movem5ts2 ,:]eas ! ,h>lem      

,r5aissance embrac$ lit]>y1 musical1    
!atrical1 & visual arts1 its p>ticipants
 also s\ght to fo/] a new image ( !     
,negro t *all5g$ ! raci/ & d]ogatory    
/]eotypes ) :i* ,:ites _h *>act]iz$     
,black p & in/ead s\ght to eng5d] pride 
9 ,black culture & h]itage2 ,:]eas      
crucial to ! movem5t 7 magaz9es su* z ,!
 ,crisis1 publi%$ by ! ,,naacp1         
,opportunity1 publi%$ by ! ,national    
,urban ,league1 & ,! ,mess5g]1 a        
sociali/ j\rnal ev5tually connect$ ) !  
,bro!rhood ( ,sleep+ ,c> ,port]s2 &     
,:]eas ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance 0 n dom9at$ 
by a p>ticul> s*ool ( ?\ght b r         
*>act]iz$ by int5se debate1 ! movem5t   
laid a f\ndation = lat]                 
,african-,am]ican lit]ature &           
consci\sness worldwide3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x
  ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives-- 7#a7   
recognizes t ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance       
repres5t$ a pivotal mom5t 9 ,am]ica     
hi/ory = ,african ,am]icans & ! ,african
 diaspora community ( intellectuals1    
arti/s1 p]=m]s1 writ]s1 poets1 &        

musicians ^: works ( political disc\rse 
& creative expression set a pa? =       
self-det]m9ation & self-emp[]m5t :i* is 
/ill evid5t today2  7#b7 recognizes t ! 
,h>lem ,r5aissance gave ,black p pride 9
 & control ov] h[ ! ,black exp]i5ce 0   
repres5t$ 9 ,am]ican culture & set !    
/age = ! civil rights movem5t & cont9ues
 to in=m ! activities ( today = social  
ju/ice & equal rights2  7#c7 supports   
ef=ts to recognize1 promote1 pres]ve1 & 
celebrate ! ri* hi/ory ( ! ,h>lem       
,r5aissance & its cont9uum ?r\gh        
contempor>y int]pretive programs2  7#d7 
protects ,h>lem's hi/oric assets1 its   
cultural legacy1 ! ri* hi/ory ( its p   
aga9/ encroa*m5ts result+ 9 !           
displacem5t & uproot+ ( l[- &           
mod]ate-income resid5ts1 & und]m9e its  
_w-r5[n$ cultural id5tity & unique      
neighborhood "*1 :i* are economic tools 
n only = ,h>lem1 b ,new ,york ,city1 9  
g5]al2 &  7#e7 celebrates ! la/+ impact 
( ! ,h>lem ,r5aissance on ! art1        
lit]ature1 music1 disc\rse1 & culture ( 

! ,unit$ ,/ates4