,,iv #aah? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,h4 ,,res4 #gg ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives ,janu>y #ca1 #bjbc,mr4 ,mc,govern 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,blum5au]1 ,ms4 ,lee ( ,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,norton1 & ,ms4 ,jayapal7 submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$ ,,resolution ,embrac+ ! goals & provisions ( ! ,treaty on ! ,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons4 ,:]eas s9ce ! height ( ! ,cold ,w>1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,russia h dismantl$ m ?an #ej1jjj nucle> w>heads1 b #ad1ejj ( ^! weapons /ill exi/ & pose an intol]able risk to human survival2 ,:]eas #ie p]c5t ( ^! weapons are 9 ! h&s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,russia & ! re/ are held by sev5 o!r c\ntries3 ,*9a1 ,france1 ,israel1 ,india1 ,nor? ,korea1 ,paki/an1 & ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2 ,:]eas ! use ( ev5 a t9y fraction ( ^! weapons c\ld cause worldwide climate disruption & global fam9e--= example1 a limit$ nucle> w> 9 s\? ,asia involv+ j #bej ,hiro%ima-siz$ #ae kiloton w>heads c\ld result 9 #eb1jjj1jjj direct fatalities1 l(t #cg1jjj1jjj tons ( soot into ! upp] atmosph]e1 & cause climate disruption across ! planet1 cutt+ food production & putt+ an e/imat$ #icj1jjj1jjj p worldwide at risk ( dea? due to fam9e ov] two ye>s2 ,:]eas accord+ to sci5tific /udies & models1 a l>ge-scale nucle> w> c\ld kill hundr$s ( millions ( p directly & cause unimag9able environm5tal damage & cata/rophic climate disruption by dropp+ temp]atures across ! planet to levels n se5 s9ce ! la/ ice age2 "u ^! conditions mu* ( humanity might face />vation & humans might ev5 be at grave risk z a species2 ,:]eas despite assurances t ^! ars5als exi/ solely to gu>antee t !y are nev] us$1 !re h be5 _m occasions :5 nucle> arm$ /ates h prep>$ to use ^! weapons1 & w> has be5 av]t$ only at ! la/ m9ute2 ,:]eas ! curr5t nucle> weapons policies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates d n inh]5tly prev5t _! use2 ,:]eas 9 ! #bjjc docum5t>y1 ,! ,fog ( ,w>3 ,elev5 ,lessons f ! ,life ( ,rob]t ,s4 ,mc,namara1 =m] ,def5se ,secret>y ,rob]t ,mc,namara said1 :5 describ+ ! ,cuban ,missile ,crisis1 ,x 0 luck t prev5t$ nucle> w>--yet ! nucle> policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld n be bas$ on ! hope t luck w cont9ue2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,/ates intellig5ce community's ,janu>y #bi1 #bjai1 annual assessm5t ( worldwide ?reats w>n$ t ! effects ( climate *ange & environm5tal degradation increase /ress on communities ar\nd ! _w & int5sify global in/ability & ! likelihood ( conflict1 caus+ ! dang] ( us+ nucle> weapons or nucle> w> to gr[2 ,:]eas1 9 ,octob] #bjag1 ! ,congressional ,budget ,(fice e/imat$ t ! ,nucle> ,mod]nization ,plan to upgrade & enhance ne>ly e elem5t ( ! nucle> ars5al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld result 9 co/s ( m ?an #a1bjj1jjj1jjj1jjj ov] #cj ye>s1 n adju/+ = inflation2 ,:]eas1 9 ,may #bjba1 ! ,congressional ,budget ,(fice 7,,cbo7 project$ t ! plans = nucle> =ces del9eat$ 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se's & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy's fiscal ye> #bjba budget reque/s1 submitt$ 9 ,febru>y #bjbj1 w\ld co/ a total ( #fcd1jjj1jjj1jjj ov] ! #bjba to #bjcj p]iod1 = an av]age ( j ov] #fj1jjj1jjj1jjj a ye>1 a #aj-ye> total t is #bh p]c5t high] ?an ,,cbo's mo/ rec5t previ\s e/imate2 ,:]eas a ,febru>y #f1 #bjah1 report by ! ,gov]nm5t ,acc\ntability ,(fice report w>n$ t ! ,national ,nucle> ,security ,adm9i/ration's 7,,nnsa7 plans to mod]nize its nucle> weapons d n align ) its budget1 rais+ af=dability conc]ns1 !reby increas+ ! pressure on ! def5se budget & ! implicit trade-(fs )9 t budget1 div]t+ crucial res\rces ne$$ to assure ! well-be+ ( ! ,am]ican p & ! ability to respond to global crises & priorities1 increas+ ! pot5tial risk ( nucle> accid5ts1 & help+ fuel a global arms race2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #b1 #bjai1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,russian ,f$]ation )drew f ! ,int]m$iate-,range ,nucle> ,=ces ,treaty1 sign$ 9 #aihg by ,presid5t ,ronald ,reagan & ,soviet ,union lead] ,mikhail ,gorba*ev1 :i* has prohibit$ ! developm5t & deploym5t ( gr\nd-laun*$ nucle> missiles ) ranges ( #caj miles to #c1dbj miles1 & has result$ 9 ea* c\ntry dismantl+ m ?an #b1ejj missiles & has kept nucle>-tipp$ cruise missiles (f ! ,european cont95t = ?ree decades1 ?us sp>k+ increas$ conc]n 9 a r5ew$ nucle> arms race betwe5 ! two c\ntries & o!r nucle>-arm$ nations2 ,:]eas1 on ,july #g1 #bjag1 an alt]native global nucle> policy 0 adopt$ by #abb nations by sign+ ! ,treaty on ! ,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons1 :i* calls = ! elim9ation ( all nucle> weapons2 ,:]eas ! ,treaty on ! ,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons ent]$ into =ce on ,janu>y #bb1 #bjba2 ,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #bd1 #bjbc1 ! ,sci5ce & ,security ,bo>d at ! ,bullet9 ( ! ,atomic ,sci5ti/s set _! iconic ,doomsday ,clock to #ij seconds to midnight1 ! close/ x has ev] signal$ h[ close humanity is to self-de/ruction1 & urg$ gov]nm5ts to take action to make ! _w saf]2 & ,:]eas ! invasion ( ,ukra9e by ! ,russian ,f$]ation has increas$ ! dang] & pot5tial ( ! use ( nucle> weapons & nucle> w>3 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t x is ! s5se ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7#a7 calls on ! ,presid5t to embrace ! goals & provisions ( ! ,treaty on ! ,prohibition ( ,nucle> ,weapons & make nucle> dis>mam5t ! c5t]piece ( ! national security policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7#b7 calls on ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 all o!r ,f$]al & congressional lead]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,am]ican p to lead a global ef=t to move ! _w back f ! nucle> br9k & to prev5t nucle> w> by-- 7,a7 actively pursu+ & conclud+ negotiations on a new1 bilat]al nucle> arms control & dis>mam5t framework agreem5t ) ! ,russian ,f$]ation be=e #bjbf & pursu+ negotiations ) ,*9a & o!r nucle>-arm$ /ates on an agreem5t or agreem5ts = ! v]ifiable1 en=ceable1 & timeb\nd elim9ation ( global nucle> ars5als2 7,b7 r5\nc+ ! option ( us+ nucle> weapons fir/2 7,c7 end+ ! ,presid5t's sole au?ority to laun* a nucle> attack2 7,d7 tak+ ! nucle> weapons ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates (f hair-trigg] al]t2 & 7,e7 cancel+ ! plan to replace ! nucle> ars5al ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ) mod]niz$1 enhanc$ weapons4