,,iv  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #ehe  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,july #ac1 #bjbc ,mrs4
 ,kim ( ,cali=nia 7= h]self1 ,mr4       
,kildee1 ,ms4 ,jacobs1 ,mr4 ,bilirakis1 
,mr4 ,james1 ,ms4 ,kamlag]-,dove1 ,mr4  
,ca/ro ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,lawl]1 ,ms4 ,om>1
 ,mr4 ,b]a1 ,mr4 ,baird1 ,mr4 ,kean (   
,new ,j]sey1 & ,mr4 ,allr$7 submitt$ !  
foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9      
addition to ! ,committees on !          
,judici>y1 & ,arm$ ,s]vices1 = a p]iod  
to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 
9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su*         
provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! 
committee conc]n$  ,,resolution         
,condemn+ ! conflict 9 ,sudan & support+
 ! p ( ,sudan1 & = o!r purposes4        
,:]eas1 on ,novemb] #ag1 #aieh1         
,lieut5ant ,g5]al ,ibrahim ,abb\d (     
,sudan l$ ! c\ntry's fir/ c\p aft]      
indep5d5ce1 & ! fir/ successful c\p 9   
po/-indep5d5ce ,africa2 ,:]eas !re h be5
 m ?an #bjj c\p attempts across ,africa 

s9ce ! #aieh c\p 9 ,sudan1 includ+      
successful c\ps 9 ,sudan 9 #aifi1 #aihe1
 #aihi1 #bjai1 & #bjba2 ,:]eas1 9 #aihi1
 !n ,brigadi] ,g5]al ,om> al ,ba%ir (   
,sudan came to p[] 9 a milit>y c\p2     
,:]eas1 9 #bjai1 ! ,sudanese p bravely  
/ood up = democracy & ! "r to *oose _!  
own future1 & aft] mon?s ( /ag+ prote/s1
 ,presid5t ,om> al ,ba%ir 0 ov]?r[n by 8
 own security *iefs1 :o e/abli%$ a      
,transitional ,milit>y ,c\ncil l$ by    
,lieut5ant ,g5]al ,abdel ,fattah        
al-,burhan ( ! ,sudanese ,arm$ ,=ces    
7,,saf7 & ,moham$ ,hamdan ,dagalo 7also 
kn[n z ,hem$ti7 ( ! ,rapid ,support     
,=ces 7,,rsf72 ,:]eas1 on ,june #c1     
#bjai1 aft] civilians =m$ a sit-9 9     
front ( ! milit>y headqu>t]s to dem& t  
^! g5]als1 :o _h seiz$ p[] f ,ba%ir "u !
 guise ( protect+ ! revolution1 h& p[]  
to a civilian gov]nm5t1 ! ,transitional 
,milit>y ,c\ncil ord]$ security =ces to 
disp]se ! prote/]s by =ce1 result+ 9 !  
dea?s ( ov] #ajj civilians2 ,:]eas1 on  
,augu/ #ag1 #bjai--  7#a7 !             

,transitional ,milit>y ,c\ncil1 "u      
dome/ic & int]national pressure1 sign$ a
 con/itutional docum5t ) ! prodemocracy 
,=ces = ,fre$om & ,*ange 7,,ffc71 a     
broad coalition ( political p>ties &    
civic gr\ps repres5t+ ! prote/ movem5t t
 _h pu%$ = ! end ( ! ,ba%ir regime & a  
transition to democracy "u civilian     
rule2 &  7#b7 a transitional gov]nm5t 0 
=m$ t all[$ ! milit>y junta lead]s to   
rema9 9 gov]nm5t 9 a p>tn]%ip ) new     
civilian au?orities nom9at$ by ! ,,ffc1 
includ+ ,prime ,m9i/] ,abdallah ,hamdok 
act+ z head ( gov]nm5t1 = a civilian-l$ 
transitional p]iod to a democracy "u    
civilian rule2  ,:]eas1 on ,octob] #be1 
#bjba1 ,lieut5ant ,g5]al ,burhan1 ) !   
support ( ,hem$ti seiz$ control ( !     
civilian-l$ transitional ,gov]nm5t (    
,sudan ?r\gh a c\p1 deploy$ ! milit>y to
 ! /reets ( ,kh>t\m & ,omdurman1 %ut d[n
 ! int]net 9 ,sudan1 & deta9$ ,prime    
,m9i/] ,hamdok & civilian (ficials2     
,:]eas ! ,sudanese p condemn$ ! c\p &   
laun*$ a campaign ( peaceful civil      

disob$i5ce1 cont9u+ ! prote/s =         
democracy t began 9 late #bjah1 &       
reflect+ a hi/oric tradition (          
non-viol5t prote/s l$ by previ\s        
g5]ations 9 ,sudan aga9/ previ\s milit>y
 regime2 ,:]eas1 9 response to public   
calls = a transition to democracy "u    
civilian rule aft] ,octob] #be1 #bjba1  
,sudanese security =ces arbitr>ily      
deta9$ civilians & us$ excessive & le?al
 =ce aga9/ peaceful prote/]s t result$ 9
 civilian dea?s across ! c\ntry2 ,:]eas 
! ,african ,union ,peace & ,security    
,c\ncil condemn$ ! c\p1 reject$ !       
uncon/itutional *ange ( gov]nm5t1 & on  
,octob] #bg1 #bjba1 susp5d$ ,sudan f !  
,c\ncil until ! civilian-l$ transitional
 gov]nm5t is re/or$2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$    
,/ates condemn$ ! c\p & call$ = ! full &
 imm$iate re/oration ( ! transition to a
 democratic gov]nm5t "u civilian rule2  
,:]eas1 on ,novemb] #ba1 #bjba1 milit>y 
lead]s ann\nc$ an agreem5t to re9/ate   
,abdalla ,hamdok z ,prime ,m9i/] (      
,sudan1 b ,hamdok resign$ 9 ,janu>y aft]

 he 0 unable to con/itute a civilian-l$ 
transition gov]nm5t2 ,:]eas1 on ,decemb]
 #e1 #bjbb1 ! ,sudanese milit>y ann\nc$ 
a transition framework ) a gr\p ( ,,ffc 
lead]s & "s o!r ,sudanese civilian      
lead]s1 & 9 su* agreem5t promis$ to     
rel9qui% control ( ! gov]nm5t to        
civilian lead]s2 ,:]eas1 9 ,m>* #bjbc1 !
 signatories ( ! ,framework ,political  
,agreem5t ann\nc$ t !y w\ld sign a f9al 
agreem5t to return ! ,sudanese ,gov]nm5t
 to civilian rule on ,april #a1 #bjbc1 &
 =m a new transitional gov]nm5t1 b !    
,april #a deadl9e pass$ )\t agreem5t z  
security sector re=m negotiations /all$ 
z ! timel9e & mann] = integrat+ ! ,,rsf 
into ! ,,saf rais$ t5sions betwe5 !     
security =ces2 ,:]eas1 on ,saturday1    
,april #ae1 #bjbc1 fight+ broke out 9   
,sudan betwe5 ! ,,saf "u ! lead]%ip (   
,g5]al ,abdel ,fattah al-,burhan & !    
p>amilit>y ,,rsf "u ! lead]%ip ( ,g5]al 
,moham$ ,hamdan ,dagalo & has escalat$  
into a deadly nationwide conflict2      
,:]eas ?is conflict has spread f !      

,sudanese capital ( ,kh>t\m to ! ,d>fur 
region & o!r p>ts ( ,sudan1 lead+ to    
?\s&s ( civilians kill$ & injur$1 & a   
massive displacem5t & humanit>ian crisis
 9 ,ea/ ,africa2 ,:]eas ?is conflict has
 sev]ely disrupt$ ! deliv]y (           
humanit>ian assi/ance to ! p ( ,sudan1  
:]e "o-?ird ( all p1 ne>ly #af1jjj1jjj1 
requir$ humanit>ian assi/ance prior to !
 conflict & #bd1gjj1jjj1 half ( !       
population1 are n[ 9 ne$ ( humanit>ian  
assi/ance2 ,:]eas m ?an #b1gjj1jjj p h  
be5 displac$ s9ce ! conflict began1     
includ+ ov] #b1ajj1jjj p displac$       
int]nally & ov] #djj1jjj :o h cross$    
into neighbor+ c\ntries includ+ ,*ad1   
,egypt1 ,s\? ,sudan1 ,e?iopia1 & !      
,c5tral ,african ,republic2 ,:]eas1 dur+
 ?is conflict1 combatants h us$         
explosive weapons 9 populat$ areas1     
includ+ tanks1 artill]y1 rockets1 &     
air-deliv]$ munitions1 t frequ5tly      
result 9 indiscrim9ate attacks 9        
violation ( int]national humanit>ian    
law2 ,:]eas !re h be5 horrify+ docum5t$ 

acc\nts ( sexual viol5ce p]petrat$ by   
arm$ m5 dur+ ! conflict1 mo/ ( :i* h be5
 attribut$ to memb]s ( ! p>amilit>y     
,,rsf2 ,:]eas combatants h attack$      
humanit>ian premises & heal? facilities1
 & loot$ humanit>ian supplies1 includ+  
at lea/ #ag1jjj metric tons ( food aid2 
,:]eas1 accord+ to ! ,_w ,food          
,programme1 ! numb] ( individuals       
acutely food insecure is expect$ to rise
 to #ai1jjj1jjj2 ,:]eas t5s ( ?\s&s ( ^?
 displac$ by ! conflict are wom5 & girls
 fac+ di/9ct risks1 & ( ! m ?an         
#a1ajj1jjj ,sudanese wom5 e/imat$ to be 
pregnant1 #bi1jjj are expect$ to give   
bir? 9 ! next mon? & w ne$ mat]nal &    
newborn heal? s]vices1 & at lea/ #d1cjj 
are believ$ to be 9 ne$ ( em]g5cy       
ob/etric c>e & at risk ( dea?1 accord+  
to ! ,unit$ ,nations ,population ,fund2 
,:]eas !re h be5 docum5t$ reports (     
grave violations aga9/ *ildr51 includ+  
kill+ & maim+1 recruitm5t ( *ildr5 into 
arm$ gr\ps & arm$ =ces1 & sexual viol5ce
 & exploitation p]petrat$ aga9/ *ildr52 

,:]eas1 on ,april #ah1 #bjbc1 ,secret>y 
( ,/ate ,antony ,bl9k5 ann\nc$ t an     
,am]ican diplomatic convoy 0 attack$1 b 
no "o 0 h>m$2 ,:]eas1 on ,april #bc1    
#bjbc1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates susp5d$ op]ations
 at its embassy 9 ,sudan & evacuat$     
embassy p]sonnel f ! c\ntry2 ,:]eas1 on 
,april #bc1 #bjbc1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,ag5cy = ,int]national ,developm5t      
activat$ a ,disa/] ,assi/ance ,response 
,team 9 a direct ef=t to support !      
deliv]y ( humanit>ian assi/ance to !    
,sudanese p2 ,:]eas ! fight+ has cont9u$
 despite ! multiple cease-fire          
ann\ncem5ts1 & ! w>r+ p>ties h fail$ to 
adh]e to a ,decl>ation ( ,commitm5t to  
,protect ! ,civilians ( ,sudan sign$ by 
! w>r+ p>ties on ,may #aa1 #bjbc1 t 0   
m$iat$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,saudi      
,arabia2 ,:]eas prodemocracy            
neighborhood ,resi/ance ,committees1    
m$ical & pr(essional organizations1 &   
o!r civic volunte]s 9 ,sudan are help+  
to facilitate ! humanit>ian response to 
! crisis & provid+ vital assi/ance to   

civilians caught 9 ! fight+2 ,:]eas1 #bj
 ye>s aft] ! />t ( ! g5ocide 9 ,d>fur1  
!re has n be5 mean+ful acc\ntability =  
atrocities committ$1 & !re are di/urb+  
reports ( agitators 9 ! conflict try+ to
 mobilize communities 9 ,d>fur & else:]e
 9 ,sudan along e?nic l9es2 ,:]eas1 on  
,june #ad1 #bjbc1 ,khamis ,abdallah     
,abbak>1 ! ,gov]nor ( ,we/ ,d>fur1 0    
f\nd tortur$ & kill$ aft] he publicly   
describ$ ! ,,rsf's actions 9 ,d>fur z   
g5ocide2 ,:]eas ! ,unit$ ,nations has   
said t compell+ eyewitness acc\nts      
attribute ,khamis ,abdallah ,abbak>'s   
kill+ to ,arab militias & ! ,,rsf2      
,:]eas ! ,sudanese p h cont9u$ to call =
 an end to ?is conflict & dem&          
transition to a democratic gov]nm5t "u  
civilian rule2 ,:]eas1 on ,may #d1      
#bjbc1 ,presid5t ,bid5 ann\nc$ t x is   
policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to support a   
transition to democracy & civilian      
transitional gov]nm5t 9 ,sudan1 to def5d
 su* a transitional gov]nm5t f ^? :o    
w\ld prev5t its initial =mation ?r\gh   

viol5ce & o!r me?ods1 &1 once =m$1 to   
protect x f ^? :o w\ld und]m9e x2 &     
,:]eas1 on ,june #a1 #bjbc1 ! ,bid5     
adm9i/ration ann\nc$ new economic       
sanctions & visa re/rictions aga9/      
actors p]petuat+ ! viol5ce 9 ,sudan to  
hold acc\ntable ^? responsible = und]m9+
 ! peace1 security1 & /ability ( ,sudan1
 reit]at+ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates w cont9ue to
 support ! ,sudanese p's rightful dem& =
 a transition to democracy3 ,n[1 !re=e1 
be x ,t ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives--     
7#a7 calls on all combatants 9 !        
conflict to agree to an imm$iate        
cease-fire2  7#b7 calls on all          
combatants to imm$iately adh]e to new & 
previ\sly sign$ cease-fire agreem5ts2   
7#c7 condemns ! outbreak ( arm$ conflict
 & dep>ture f ! transition to a         
democratic gov]nm5t "u civilian rule2   
7#d7 urges ! ,,saf & ,,rsf to adh]e to !
 ,decl>ation ( ,commitm5t to ,protect ! 
,civilians ( ,sudan2  7#e7 condemns     
attacks aga9/ civilians & diplomatic    
p]sonnel1 attacks on civilian objects1  

includ+ s*ools & hospitals1 sexual      
viol5ce1 & o!r grave human rights       
abuses2  7#f7 recognizes ef=ts by !     
,unit$ ,/ates1 ,saudi ,arabia1 & o!r    
int]national actors to facilitate a     
cease-fire1 & calls = great]            
p>ticipation by ,sudanese civil society 
actors 9 curr5t & future negotiations2  
7#g7 recognizes ef=ts by ! ,african     
,union to seek a resolution ( ! conflict
 9 ,sudan2  7#h7 calls on ! conc]n$     
regional & int]national p>ties to unify 
_! ef=ts to secure a cease-fire1 e/abli%
 a monitor+ me*anism ) civilian         
p>ticipation1 improve humanit>ian access
 & scale up assi/ance1 & secure         
m-inclusive negotiations aim$ at =m+ a  
democratic gov]nm5t "u civilian rule 9  
,sudan2  7#i7 calls on ! ,presid5t1 !   
,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = ,int]national    
,developm5t1 & o!r ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t     
ag5cies to urg5tly res\rce & scale up ! 
deliv]y ( humanit>ian assi/ance to      
,sudan & ! region comm5surate ) ! gr[+  

level ( ne$ & take /eps to coord9ate )  
local & int]national humanit>ian actors1
 nonpr(its1 & m$ical pr(essionals to    
respond to ! crisis2  7#aj7 calls on !  
,secret>y ( ,/ate & ! ,adm9i/rator ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = ,int]national    
,developm5t to ensure t humanit>ian     
response & recov]y ef=ts directly       
support local actors 9 ,sudan to ensure 
maximum impact & su/a9ability ( ^!      
ef=ts1 & ensure t humanit>ian aid does n
 fall into ! h&s ( combatants2  7#aa7   
calls ^u ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !        
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 
,int]national ,developm5t to prioritize 
! ne$s ( *ildr5 affect$ by ! conflict1  
includ+ ^? )9 ,sudan & ^? :o h fl$      
across bord]s1 by provid+ protection    
s]vices1 education 9 em]g5cies & cont9u$
 le>n+ opportunities1 & critical m5tal  
heal? & psy*osocial support s]vices =   
*ildr5 & _! family memb]s2  7#ab7 calls 
on neighbor+ c\ntries to ,sudan to      
provide refuge to ^? seek+ safety f !   
conflict1 to facilitate ! deliv]y (     

humanit>ian aid across bord]s1 & to     
refra9 f ref\lem5t ( displac$ ,sudanese 
back to ,sudan2  7#ac7 affirms its      
commitm5t to support+ a transition to   
civilian rule & a democratically elect$ 
gov]nm5t 9 ,sudan2  7#ad7 calls on !    
,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & !     
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury to use _!       
au?ority "u ,executive ,ord] #adjih (   
,may #d1 #bjbc1 to issue sanctions aga9/
 p]sons & additional entities ^: actions
 ?reat5 ! peace1 security1 or /ability (
 ,sudan1 ob/ruct1 und]m9e1 delay1 or    
imp$e ,sudan's transition to democracy1 
& ^? :o h committ$ s]i\s human rights   
violations 9 ,sudan1 includ+ ^? det]m9$ 
to h comm& responsibility = =ces t      
commit gross human rights abuses1 &     
elem5ts associat$ ) ! =m] ,islami/      
regime :o h und]m9$ ! democratic        
transition1 manipulat$ ! conflict1 &    
?reat5$ civilians & ,unit$ ,nations     
(ficials2  7#ae7 calls on ! ,presid5t1 !
 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 & ! ,secret>y ( !   
,treasury to ensure t sanctions include 

compreh5sive safegu>ds to protect       
humanit>ian activities1 provision (     
basic s]vices & peacebuild+ activities z
 deliv]$ by humanit>ian actors1 includ+ 
,unit$ ,nations ag5cies & non-gov]nm5tal
 organizations1 & to take /eps to       
mitigate f9ancial sector d]isk+ z a     
result ( ,executive ,ord] #adjih2  7#af7
 calls on ! ,presid5t & ! ,secret>y (   
,/ate to develop a /rategy to ensure    
mean+ful civilian engagem5t 9 all       
aspects ( negotiations to end !         
conflict1 facilitate humanit>ian        
assi/ance1 & facilitate a new democratic
 gov]nm5t "u civilian rule2  7#ag7 calls
 on ! ,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ! 
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 
,int]national ,developm5t1 & ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,nations 
to ensure t res\rces are provid$ = !    
monitor+ & docum5tation ( violations (  
int]national humanit>ian law &          
int]national human rights law dur+ !    
conflict to ensure future acc\ntability2
  7#ah7 recognizes ! brave ef=ts by     

prodemocracy neighborhood ,resi/ance    
,committees1 m$ical & pr(essional       
organizations 9 ,sudan to respond to !  
gr[+ humanit>ian crisis & assi/         
communities 9 ne$2  7#ai7 recognizes !  
,unit$ ,/ates arm$ =ces1 alli$ arm$     
=ces1 & private organizations :o h work$
 to safely evacuate ,unit$ ,/ates       
embassy p]sonnel & citiz5s f ,sudan2    
7#bj7 ackn[l$ges t a su/a9able political
 resolution to ! crisis 9 ,sudan        
requires a process l$ by ,sudanese      
civilians & ,unit$ ,/ates lead]%ip to   
coord9ate ! ef=ts ( regional actors2 &  
7#ba7 calls on ! ,presid5t to appo9t a  
,presid5tial ,special ,envoy to ,sudan  
to ensure direct1 su/a9$ & high-level   
diplomatic engagem5t ) int]national &   
regional actors1 to respond to !        
conflict1 improve int]ag5cy coord9ation 
( ,unit$ ,/ates-,sudan policy           
implem5tation1 & to facilitate !        
e/abli%m5t ( a democracy "u civilian    
rule4