,,iv  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,h4 ,,res4 #aib  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(     
,,repres5tatives  ,m>* #a1 #bjbc,mr4    
,espaillat 7= himself & ,mr4 ,cicill9e7 
submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2 :i* 0     
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,=eign        
,affairs  ,,resolution  ,express+ ! s5se
 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t ! ,unit$ 
,/ates condemns ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t's  
gross violations ( int]national law     
am\nt+ to w> crimes & crimes aga9/      
humanity1 /&s 9 solid>ity ) ! p (       
,ukra9e1 & supports ! ef=ts (           
int]national organizations to help p    
displac$ by w> & conflict4  ,:]eas !    
,gov]nm5t ( ,russia1 l$ by ,vladimir    
,put91 has engag$ 9 an unprovok$ milit>y
 invasion ( ,ukra9e & gross violations (
 int]national law am\nt+ to w> crimes & 
crimes aga9/ humanity2 ,:]eas ! law (   
arm$ conflict1 also kn[n z int]national 
humanit>ian law1 is a set ( int]national
 rules regulat+ ! conduct ( arm$        
conflict2 ,:]eas ! ,g5eva ,conv5tions & 
,additional ,protocols are ! core (     

int]national humanit>ian law1 & _m rules
 conta9$ 9 ^! treaties are consid]$     
cu/om>y int]national law1 b9d+ on all   
/ates1 :e!r or n !y h ratifi$ !         
treaties2 ,:]eas ,russia's milit>y      
invasion ( ,ukra9e con/itutes an        
int]national arm$ conflict gov]n$ by    
int]national humanit>ian law z well z   
cu/om>y int]national humanit>ian law2   
,:]eas ,article #ea7b7 ( ,additional    
,protocol ,i to ! ,g5eva ,conv5tions1   
prohibits ! t>get+ ( civilians1 z well z
 acts or ?reats ( viol5ce1 ! prim>y     
purpose ( :i* is to spread t]ror among !
 civilian population2 ,:]eas ,article   
#gf ( ,additional ,protocol ,i to !     
,g5eva ,conv5tions1 /ates t wom5 %all be
 protect$ 9 p>ticul> aga9/ rape1 =c$    
pro/itution1 & any o!r =m ( indec5t     
assault2 ,:]eas ,article #gg (          
,additional ,protocol ,i to ! ,g5eva    
,conv5tions expresses t *ildr5 %all be !
 object ( special respect & %all be     
protect$ aga9/ any =m ( indec5t assault2
 ,:]eas1 on ,june #ai1 #bjjh1 ! ,unit$  

,nations ,security ,c\ncil adopt$       
,resolution #ahbj1 not+ t rape & o!r =ms
 ( sexual viol5ce c con/itute a w>      
crime1 a crime aga9/ humanity1 or a     
con/itutive act ) respect to g5ocide1 & 
call+ = prosecut+ p]sons responsible =  
su* acts2 ,:]eas ,article #g ( ! ,rome  
,/atute ( ! ,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt
 def9es crimes aga9/ humanity z acts su*
 z murd]1 ext]m9ation1 rape1 p]secution1
 & all o!r inhumane acts ( a simil> "*  
int5tionally caus+ great suff]+1 :i* are
 committ$ z "p ( a widespread or        
sy/ematic attack direct$ aga9/ any      
civilian population1 ) k ( ! attack2    
,:]eas ,article #ec ( ,additional       
,protocol ,i to ! ,g5eva ,conv5tions1   
prohibits committ+ any acts ( ho/ility  
direct$ aga9/ ! hi/oric monum5ts1 works 
( art or places ( wor%ip :i* con/itute !
 cultural or spiritual h]itage (        
peoples2 ,:]eas ,article #ae (          
,additional ,protocol ,,ii to ! ,g5eva  
,conv5tions1 e/abli%es t in/allations   
conta9+ dang]\s =ces1 includ+ nucle>    

electrical g5]at+ /ations1 %all n be    
made ! object ( attack1 ev5 :]e ^!      
objects are milit>y objectives1 if su*  
attack may cause ! release ( dang]\s    
=ces & consequ5t sev]e losses among !   
civilian population2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y
 #bd1 #bjbb1 ! ,russian ,f$]ation laun*$
 an unprovok$ milit>y invasion (        
,ukra9e's sov]eign t]ritory2 ,:]eas1 on 
,febru>y #be1 #bjbb1 ! ,russian         
,f$]ation ?reat5$ ,sw$5 & ,f9l& )       
milit>y & political rep]cussions if !y  
jo9$ ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty          
,organization1 a milit>y alliance       
committ$ to ! collective def5se ( memb]s
 aga9/ attacks2 ,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #bh1
 #bjbb1 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,_w ,food     
,programme laun*$ an em]g5cy op]ation to
 provide food assi/ance = p flee+       
,ukra9e to neighbor+ c\ntries1 an       
op]ation :i* is ongo+ to ?is day & :i*  
has assi/$ betwe5 #b1jjj1jjj &          
#c1jjj1jjj ,ukra9ians p] mon? dur+ ea*  
mon? ( ! w>2 ,:]eas1 9 late ,febru>y    
#bjbb1 ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,treaty        

,organization began its ongo+ ef=t to   
help coord9ate ,ukra9e's reque/s =      
assi/ance & to support ,allies 9 !      
deliv]y ( humanit>ian aid2 ,:]eas1 on   
,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 a ,russian air/rike hit 
,kyiv's ma9 television t[]1 damag+      
broadca/+ infra/ructure1 kill+ at lea/  
#e p1 & injur+ o!rs2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #a1
 #bjbb1 a ,russian air/rike t>get$      
,fre$om ,squ>e 9 ,kh>kiv1 z c>s 7 /opp$ 
at a traffic light on _! morn+ commute2 
,:]eas ,ukra9ian ,presid5t ,volodymyr   
,zel5skyy *>act]iz$ ,russia's air/rike  
on ,fre$om ,squ>e on ,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 z a
 w> crime2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 at
 ! ,unit$ ,nations ,human ,rights       
,c\ncil1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate ,antony      
,bl9k5 condemn$ ,russia = kill+         
civilians1 /rik+ s*ools1 hospitals &    
resid5tial build+s 9 ,ukra9e2 ,:]eas1 on
 ,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 ,&riy ,y]mak1 head ( ! 
,(fice ( ! ,presid5t ( ,ukra9e1 ann\nc$ 
t a ,russian missile hit ! location ( ! 
,babyn ,y> ,holocau/ ,memorial complex 9
 ,kyiv1 a place :]e ?\s&s ( ,jewi% p 7  

kill$ betwe5 #aida & #aidc2 ,:]eas1 on  
,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 a ,russian missile hit  
,fre$om ,squ>e 9 ! c5t] ( ,kh>kiv1      
,ukra9e1 caus+ sev]e damage to an op]a  
h\se1 conc]t hall1 & gov]nm5t (fices2   
,:]eas1 on ,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 ,presid5t    
,zel5skyy express$ to ! ,european       
,p>liam5t1 we are fight+ = our rights1 =
 our fre$oms1 = life1 = our life1 & n[  
we are fight+ = survival2 ,:]eas1 on    
,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 a global spokesp]son = !
 ,unit$ ,nations ,high ,commission] =   
,refugees 7,,unhcr71 ,%abia ,mantoo1    
ann\nc$ t ! ,,unhcr w\ld beg9 coord9at+ 
a refugee response plan ) o!r ,unit$    
,nations ag5cies & nongov]nm5tal        
organization p>tn]s1 9 support (        
national au?orities help+ p flee+       
,ukra9e1 a response plan :i* includes   
almo/ #bej p>tn] organizations & :i* has
 assi/$ millions ( ,ukra9ians ov] c\rse 
( ! pa/ ye>2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #a1 #bjbb1 
! ,unit$ ,nations & humanit>ian p>tn]s  
laun*$ coord9at$ em]g5cy appeals to     
urg5tly deliv] humanit>ian support to p 

9 ,ukra9e & refugees 9 neighbor+        
c\ntries2 ,:]eas ,unit$ ,/ates          
ambassador to ! ,unit$ ,nations ,l9da   
,?omas-,gre5field express$ to ! ,unit$  
,nations on ,m>* #b1 #bjbb1 t videos %[$
 ,russian =ces mov+ le?al weaponry into 
,ukra9e1 includ+ clu/] munitions &      
vacuum bombs1 :i* are bann$ "u ! ,g5eva 
,conv5tions2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #b1 #bjbb1 
,ukra9e's =eign m9i/ry report$ t a      
,russian missile /rike de/roy$ !        
,pavlus5ko mat]nity hospital2 ,:]eas1 on
 ,m>* #b1 #bjbb1 ! ,unit$ ,nations      
,g5]al ,assembly 7,,unga7 ov]:elm+ly    
vot$ to condemn ,russia = its milit>y   
invasion ( ,ukra9e & dem&$ t ! ,russian 
,f$]ation imm$iately1 completely1 &     
unconditionally )draw all its milit>y   
=ces f ! t]ritory ( ,ukra9e )9 its      
int]nationally recogniz$ bord]s1 a vote 
:i* 0 repeat$ by ! ,,unga on ,febru>y   
#bc1 #bjbc1 & :i* once aga9 ov]:elm+ly  
condemn$ ! ,russian ,f$]ation2 ,:]eas1  
on ,m>* #c1 #bjbb1 ,ukra9ian ,presid5t  
,zel5skyy accus$ ,russian =ces ( nucle> 

t]ror because ,russian tanks are %oot+  
at ! nucle> blocks 9 ! ,zaporizhzhia    
nucle> p[] /ation1 ,europe's l>ge/      
nucle> p[] /ation2 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #c1  
#bjbb1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates embassy 9 ,ukra9e
 call$ ! ,russian attack on ! ,ukra9ian 
nucle> plant 9 ,zaporizhzhia a w> crime2
 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #d1 #bjbb1 ,ukra9e's   
,m9i/] ( ,=eign ,affairs accus$ ,russian
 soldi]s ( rap+ wom5 9 ,ukra9ian cities2
 ,:]eas1 on ,m>* #e1 #bjbb1 ! ,_w ,heal?
 ,organization confirm$ sev]al ,russian 
attacks on heal? c>e c5t]s 9 ,ukra9e1   
caus+ multiple dea?s & injuries2 ,:]eas1
 on ,m>* #f1 #bjbb1 9 response to       
,russian attacks on ,ukra9ian heal? c>e 
facilities1 ! ,director-,g5]al ( ! ,_w  
,heal? ,organization express$ t attacks 
on heal?c>e facilities or work]s brea*  
m$ical neutrality & are violations (    
int]national humanit>ian law2 ,:]eas1 on
 ,m>* #f1 #bjbb1 ! ,,unhcr /at$ t       
,russia's w> 9 ,ukra9e _h creat$ ! fa/e/
 gr[+ refugee crisis 9 ,europe s9ce ,_w 
,w> ,,ii2 ,:]eas1 on ,april #c1 #bjbb1  

,ukra9e's ,deputy ,prime ,m9i/] ,iryna  
,v]e%*uk ann\nc$ t ,russian troops      
occupy+ ! ,ukra9ian village ( ,motyzhyn 
_h kidnap$1 tortur$1 & kill$ ! village's
 mayor1 ,olga ,sukh5ko1 ,sukh5ko's      
husb&1 & ,sukh5ko's son be=e dispos+ (  
_! bodies 9 a %all[ grave2 ,:]eas1 on   
,april #d1 #bjbb1 ,ukra9ian ,presid5t   
,volodymyr ,zel5skyy *>act]iz$ ,russian 
troops' actions 9 ,bu*a1 ,ukra9e1 z     
g5ocide & w> crimes :5 ! bodies ( ov]   
#djj execut$ civilians 7 discov]$ 9 !   
city1 ) _m ( ^! bodies display+ visible 
signs ( torture2 ,:]eas1 on ,april #h1  
#bjbb1 a ,russian clu/] munition /rike  
on ! tra9 /ation 9 ,kramatorsk1 ,ukra9e1
 kill$ #eh civilians1 _m ( :om 7 ga!r$  
at ! tra9 /ation to bo>d evacuation     
tra9s & flee ! ongo+ fight+2 ,:]eas1 on 
,may #ab1 #bjbb1 ! ,unit$ ,nations      
,human ,rights ,c\ncil adopt$ a         
resolution express+ deep conc]n at !    
grave human rights & humanit>ian        
situation 9 ! city ( ,m>iupol1 ! ne>    
total de/ruction ( its resid5tial &     

civilian infra/ructure caus$ by ,russian
 bomb+ & %ell+1 reports ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( 
civilian casualties & ( mass graves ne> 
! city1 & ! limit$ progress 9 secur+    
safe & unh9d]$ evacuations to safe areas
 "u ! control ( ! gov]nm5t ( ,ukra9e2   
,:]eas1 on ,octob] #ah1 #bjbb1 !        
,indep5d5t ,int]national ,commission (  
,inquiry on ,ukra9e publi%$ a report    
/at+ t ! ,commission has f\nd t w>      
crimes & violations ( human rights &    
int]national humanit>ian law h be5      
committ$ 9 ,ukra9e s9ce #bd ,febru>y    
#bjbb4 ,russian arm$ =ces are           
responsible = ! va/ majority ( !        
violations id5tifi$2 ,:]eas1 on ,octob] 
#ah1 #bjbb1 ! ,indep5d5t ,int]national  
,commission ( ,inquiry on ,ukra9e's     
report reveal$ t ! ,commission docum5t$ 
patt]ns ( summ>y executions1 unlawful   
conf9em5t1 torture1 ill-treatm5t1 & rape
 & o!r sexual viol5ce committ$ 9 areas  
occupi$ by ,russian arm$ =ces across !  
f\r ,ukra9ian prov9ces on :i* !         
,commission's inquiry focus$4 ,p h be5  

deta9$1 "s h be5 unlawfully deport$ to !
 ,russian ,f$]ation1 & _m are /ill      
report$ miss+4 ,sexual viol5ce has      
affect$ victims ( all ages4 ,victims1   
includ+ *ildr51 7 sometimes =c$ to      
witness ! crimes2 ,:]eas1 z ( ,janu>y   
#ca1 #bjbc1 ! ,,unhcr ass]ts t1 z a     
result ( ! w> 9 ,ukra9e1 m ?an          
#h1jjj1jjj ,ukra9ian refugees h be5     
record$ across ,europe & approximately  
#ag1fjj1jjj p rema9 9 ne$ ( urg5t       
humanit>ian assi/ance inside ,ukra9e2 & 
,:]eas1 on ,febru>y #ad1 #bjbc1 !       
,ukra9e ,conflict ,obs]vatory1 :i* 0    
laun*$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 f\nd1 us+
 data f ! ,yale ,s*ool ( ,public        
,heal?'s ,humanit>ian ,rese>* ,lab1 t ! 
,russian ,gov]nm5t is op]at+ an         
expansive network ( re-education camps  
:]e x has held ?\s&s ( ,ukra9ian *ildr5 
s9ce ! />t ( ! w>1 ) ! prim>y purpose ( 
^! camps be+ ! political re-education ( 
,ukra9ian *ildr53 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x ,t ! 
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives-- 7#a7 =cefully 
condemns ! cont9u$ use ( unlawful &     

indiscrim9ate viol5ce aga9/ civilian    
populations by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,russia1   
its allies1 & any o!r p>ties to !       
conflict2  7#b7 urges t ! global        
community hold ,vladimir ,put9 & !      
,russian ,gov]nm5t acc\ntable = w>      
crimes committ$ dur+ ! milit>y invasion 
( ,ukra9e2  7#c7 urges ! ,unit$ ,/ates &
 its allies to cont9ue provid+ def5se   
security assi/ance & humanit>ian aid to 
,ukra9e z ,ukra9ians valiantly def5d    
!mselves aga9/ ,russia's milit>y        
invasion2  7#d7 supports ! cont9u$ use (
 sanctions aga9/ ,russia & its allies   
until ,russia ends its milit>y invasion 
& unequivocally recognizes ,ukra9e's    
int]nationally recogniz$ bord]s &       
political indep5d5ce2  7#e7 urges !     
,unit$ ,/ates to ma9ta9 support =       
int]national organizations1 su* z !     
,unit$ ,nations ,high ,commission] =    
,refugees1 help+ ,ukra9ians flee+       
conflict z well z ! ov] #ajj1jjj1jjj p  
ar\nd ! _w :o are =cibly displac$ due to
 p]secution1 conflict1 viol5ce1 & human 

rights violations2  7#f7 urges ! ,unit$ 
,/ates to treat all =cibly displac$ p ) 
dignity & abide by ! ,protocol ,relat$  
to ! ,/atus ( ,refugees1 ratifi$ by !   
,s5ate 9 #aifh1 & !reaft] consid]$ !    
supreme ,law ( ! ,l& "u article ,,vi1   
section #b ( ! ,con/itution2  7#g7 urges
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & memb]s ( ! ,nor?     
,atlantic ,treaty ,organization 7,,nato7
 to meet ,,nato's fund+ ne$s to ensure !
 ability to provide collective def5se & 
innovation2  7#h7 urges ,,nato to ma9ta9
 its commitm5t to innovat+ & "w t[>ds   
solv+ & deal+ ) em]g+ & disruptive      
te*nologies2 &  7#i7 /&s 9 solid>ity ) !
 p ( ,ukra9e :o are fight+ = _! fre$om &
 democracy1 ,slava ,ukra9i1 glory to    
,ukra9e4