,i  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #iecd  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,septemb] #aa1        
#bjbd,mr4 ,massie 7= himself1 ,mr4      
,arm/rong1 ,mr4 ,biggs1 ,ms4 ,boeb]t1   
,mr4 ,bre*e51 ,mr4 ,bur*ett1 ,mr4 ,cl\d1
 ,mr4 ,coll9s1 ,mr4 ,good ( ,virg9ia1   
,mr4 ,gos>1 ,ms4 ,gre5e ( ,georgia1 ,mr4
 ,h>ris1 ,mr4 ,higg9s ( ,l\isiana1 ,mrs4
 ,mill] ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,moore (       
,alabama1 ,mr4 ,moran1 ,mr4 ,ogles1 ,mr4
 ,roy1 ,mrs4 ,sp>tz1 ,mr4 ,tiffany1 &   
,mr4 ,web] ( ,texas7 introduc$ ! foll[+ 
bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! 
,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to en=ce ! rights
 protect$ by ! ,second & ,f\rte5?       
,am5dm5ts aga9/ ! ,/ates4  #a4 ,%ort    
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !         
,national ,con/itutional ,c>ry ,act4    
#b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7
 ,recogniz+ ! preexi/+ "r to            
self-def5se1 ! ,second ,am5dm5t to !    
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates gu>antees
 individually to ,am]ican citiz5s ! "r  
to keep & be> arms1 includ+ ! "r to be> 

arms 9 public4  7#b7 ,! ,second ,am5dm5t
 decrees t ^! rights to keep & be> arms 
%all n be infr+$1 & 0 enum]at$ 9 ord] to
 pres]ve ! security ( a free ,/ate4     
7#c7 ,9 ,di/rict ( ,columbia v4 ,hell]  
7#eed ,u4,s4 #egj1 #eie 7#bjjh771 !     
,supreme ,c\rt confirm$ t t"h seems to u
 no d\bt1 on ! basis ( bo? text &       
hi/ory1 t ! ,second ,am5dm5t conf]r$ an 
individual "r to keep & be> arms4  7#d7 
,9 ,mc,donald v4 ,city ( ,*icago 7#efa  
,u4,s4 #gdb1 #gia 7#bjaj771 ! ,supreme  
,c\rt rul$ t ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t makes !
 ,second ,am5dm5t fully applicable to ! 
,/ates4 ,f\r ,ju/ices conclud$ t !      
rights protect$ by ! ,second ,am5dm5t   
are fundam5tal to ! ,nation's s*eme (   
ord]$ lib]ty & deeply root$ 9 ?is       
,nation's hi/ory & tradition1 & !re=e   
incorporat$ to ! ,/ates ?r\gh ! ,due    
,process ,clause ( ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t4 
,ju/ice ,?omas agre$ t ! rights protect$
 by ! ,second ,am5dm5t are bo?          
fundam5tal & deeply root$ &1 z su*1 are 
en=ceable aga9/ ! ,/ates "u ! ,f\rte5?  

,am5dm5t's ,privileges & ,immunities    
,clause4  7#e7 ,rec5tly1 ! ,supreme     
,c\rt ackn[l$g$ 9 ,new ,york ,/ate      
,rifle  ,pi/ol ,ass'n v4 ,bru5 7#adb ,s4
 ,ct4 #baaa1 #baef 7#bjbb771 t ! ,second
 & ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5ts protect !         
individual "r to c>ry arms outside !    
home = self-def5se4 ,fur!r1 ! ,c\rt     
reit]at$ t ! ,second ,am5dm5t's o!rwise 
unqualifi$ comm& only accommodates laws 
t are consi/5t ) ?is ,nation's hi/orical
 tradition ( fire>m regulation 7,id4 at 
#babf74  7#f7 ,c]ta9 ,/ates & localities
 h enact$ gun control laws t are n      
consi/5t ) ! text ( ! ,second ,am5dm5t  
or ?is ,nation's hi/orical tradition (  
fire>m regulation4 ,! crim9alization (  
peaceable1 public fire>ms c>ry is       
repugnant to ! orig9al mean+ ( ! ,second
 ,am5dm5t4  7#g7 ,any ,/ate or local    
re/riction on ! "r ( ,am]ican citiz5s to
 keep & be> arms impairs ! ability ( !  
,second ,am5dm5t to a*ieve its textually
 specifi$ purpose1 ! security ( a free  
,/ate4  #c4 ,! "r to keep & be> arms    

7a7 ,9 g5]al ,section #ibg ( title #ah1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ to read z 
foll[s3  #ibg4 ,! "r to keep & be> arms 
7a7 ,no ,/ate or political subdivision (
 a ,/ate may impose a crim9al or civil  
p5alty on1 or o!rwise indirectly        
dissuade ! c>ry+ ( fire>ms 7includ+ by  
impos+ a f9ancial or o!r b>ri] to entry7
 9 public by resid5ts or nonresid5ts ( t
 ,/ate :o are citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
& o!rwise eligible to possess fire>ms "u
 ,/ate & ,f$]al law4  7b7 ,any /atute1  
ord9ance1 regulation1 cu/om1 or usage ( 
a ,/ate or a political subdivision ( a  
,/ate t crim9alizes1 p5alizes1 or       
o!rwise indirectly dissuades ! c>ry+ (  
fire>ms 7includ+ by impos+ a f9ancial or
 o!r b>ri] to entry7 9 public by any    
resid5t or nonresid5t :o is a ,unit$    
,/ates citiz5 & o!rwise eligible to     
possess fire>ms "u ,/ate & ,f$]al law1  
%all h no =ce or effect4  7c7 ,! t]m    
,/ate z us$ 9 ?is section includes !    
,di/rict ( ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? (  
,pu]to ,rico1 & ! possessions ( ! ,unit$

 ,/ates 7n includ+ ! ,canal ,zone74  7d7
 ,! t]m public z us$ 9 ?is section--    
7#a7 includes any place held op5 to !   
public1 reg>dless ( own]%ip1 b 9 ! case 
( a privately-own$ location held op5 to 
! public1 does n include a place :]e !  
own] communicates cle>ly & conspicu\sly 
a prohibition ( fire>ms on ! premises2 &
  7#b7 does n include a place :]e scre5+
 = fire>ms is conduct$ "u ,/ate law4  4 
7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( sections
 = su* *apt] is am5d$ by /rik+ ! item   
relat+ to section #ibg & ins]t+ !       
foll[+3  #ibg4 ,! "r to keep & be> arms4
  4