,i  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #hehf  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,may #ca1 #bjbd ,mrs4 
,kim ( ,cali=nia 7= h]self1 ,mr4 ,s*iff1
 ,mr4 ,lawl]1 & ,mr4 ,trone7 introduc$ !
 foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !         
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9      
addition to ! ,committees on !          
,judici>y1 ,ways & ,means1 & ,f9ancial  
,s]vices1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly   
det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case =      
consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 
! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to impose sanctions on !      
judges1 prosecutors & inve/igators ( !  
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran's            
,revolution>y ,c\rts4  #a4 ,%ort title  
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,t>get+       
,oppressive ,(fic]s to ,mitigate ,abuse 
9 ! ,iranian ,judici>y ,act or !        
,,toomaj ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress    
makes ! foll[+ f9d+s3  7#a7 ,torture is 
deeply contr>y to bo? ! laws & e?ical   
values ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z well z to   
int]national norms4 ,?is univ]sal       

d5\ncem5t ( torture f9ds its reflection 
9 sev]al doma9s3 ?r\gh ! ,u4,s4 crim9al 
code1 specifically #ah ,u4,s4,c4        
#bcdj-bcdj;,a2 9 ,int]national treaties1
 highlight$ by ! ,unit$ ,nations        
,conv5tion ,aga9/ ,torture 7,,cat72 )9  
cu/om>y ,int]national law2 across       
c5turies ( ! ,anglo-,am]ican legal      
tradition2 & 9 ! long/&+ policies ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,article #c ( !    
,univ]sal ,decl>ation ( ,human ,rights  
gu>antees ! "r to life1 lib]ty1 &       
security ( p]son4 ,article #i ( su*     
,decl>ation prohibits arbitr>y arre/s or
 det5tions & ,article #ah ( su*         
,decl>ation gu>antees ! "r to fre$om (  
?\ght1 consci5ce1 & religion4  7#c7 ,z a
 memb] /ate ( ! ,unit$ ,nations & o!r   
int]national in/itutions1 ! ,islamic    
,republic ( ,iran is b\nd by            
int]national commitm5ts conc]n+ human   
rights & ! rule ( law4 ,nev]!less1 !    
,islamic ,republic ( ,iran has          
sy/ematically & consi/5tly curtail$ !   
ability ( ,iranian citiz5s to ex]cise   

fundam5tal fre$oms )\t fe> (            
retribution4  7#d7 ,! judicial sy/em ( !
 ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran consi/s ( a 
,*ief ,ju/ice1 :o is responsible =      
ov]see+ c\rt adm9i/ration1 & sev]al     
classes ( c\rts1 includ+ ,islamic       
,revolution>y ,c\rts1 :i* are task$ )   
try+ prison]s accus$ ( subv]t+ !        
,islamic ,republic4 ,! trials ( ,iranian
 political prison]s & prote/ors         
typically are held be=e judges ( ^!     
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts4  7#e7    
,unlike an adv]s>ial sy/em1 ! ,islamic  
,republic's judicial model is           
inquisitorial4 ,! inquisitorial sy/em   
gives judges a significant role 9 decid+
 :at evid5ce w be consid]$1 :e!r !      
accus$ c access legal c\nsel or a fair  
trial1 & ! outcome ( a case4  7#f7 ,!   
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts ov]see    
cases involv+ political crimes1 & employ
 well-docum5t$ practices t d5y fairness 
& subv]t ju/ice4 ,?is includes d5y+     
access to c\nsel1 refus+ to disclose !  
nature ( *>ges1 us+ torture & sexual    

viol5ce to extract confessions1 & us+   
co]c$ confessions 9 proce$+s1 among     
o!rs4  7#g7 ,on ,septemb] #af1 #bjbb1 a 
#bb-ye>-old woman nam$ ,j9a ,mahsa      
,am9i1 di$ 9 ! det5tion ( ! ,morality   
,police aft] be+ beat5 & deta9$ =       
alleg$ly transgress+ ! ,islamic         
,republic's morality laws conc]n+ wom5's
 dress4 ,?is tragic incid5t trigg]$     
widespread anti-g5d] ap>!id1            
pro-democracy prote/s across all (      
,iran1 :i* h become kn[n globally z !   
,woman ,life ,fre$om movem5t4  7#h7 ,9 !
 c\rse ( ! prote/s1 ! ,iranian security 
=ces' viol5t crackd[n includ$ mass      
arre/s1 well-docum5t$ beat+ ( prote/ors1
 /ifl+ int]net access1 & %oot+ prote/ors
 ) live ammunition4 ,weeks into !       
prote/s1 ,iranian security =ces _h      
report$ly kill$1 bl9d$1 or injur$       
hundr$s ( civilian prote/ors1 includ+   
wom5 & *ildr54  7#i7 ,by ,novemb] #bjbb1
 reports 7 ongo+ & confirm$ t ! ,islamic
 ,republic _h comm5c$ an int5sive       
crackd[n on prote/ors1 *>act]iz$ by     

crimes aga9/ humanity1 includ+ mass     
imprisonm5t ( t5s ( ?\s&s ( civilians1  
torture1 g5d] & sexual viol5ce1 &       
height5$ p]secution ( e?nic & religi\s  
m9orities4  7#aj7 ,on ,decemb] #ab1     
#bjbb1 ,majid ,reza ,rahnav>d became !  
fir/ publicly execut$ ,iranian = *>ges  
/emm+ f 8 alleg$ involvem5t 9 ! prote/s4
 ,9 ! "t s9ce1 _m o!rs h be5 execut$1 & 
_m m h be5 deta9$1 tortur$ & kill$ 9    
secret1 & _! families h be5 ?reat5$4    
7#aa7 ,z a result ( ! int5se crackd[n1 !
 ,,un ,human ,rights ,c\ncil e/abli%$ ! 
,indep5d5t ,int]national ,fact-,f9d+    
,mission on ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran
 7,,ffmi7 on ,novemb] #bd1 #bjbb4 ,!    
,,ffmi m&ate 0 to inve/igate alleg$     
human rights violations 9 ,iran 9       
connection ) ! prote/s t began 9 ,iran  
on ,septemb] #af1 #bjbb1 especially )   
respect to wom5 & *ildr54  7#ab7        
,despite ! ef=ts ( ! ,,ffmi to engage ) 
! ,islamic ,republic1 ! ,islamic        
,republic did n grant ! ,,ffmi access to
 ! c\ntry1 nor respond to calls =       

meet+s4 ,! ,,ffmi inve/igation result$ 9
 ov] #bg1jjj evid5ce items4 ,x conduct$ 
a total ( #acd 9-dep? int]views )       
victims & witnesses1 includ+ #di wom51 &
 #he m51 bo? inside & outside ! c\ntry1 
& ga!r$ evid5ce & analysis f exp]ts on  
digital & m$ical =5sics1 & dome/ic &    
int]national law1 among o!rs4  7#ac7 ,on
 ,m>* #ah1 #bjbd1 ! ,,ffmi issu$ its    
report foll[+ its inve/igation1 & f\nd t
 ,islamic ,republic au?orities 7        
responsible = egregi\s human rights     
violations 9 connection ) ! ,j9a ,mahsa 
,am9i prote/s4 ,! ,,ffmi confirm$ ! use 
( unnecess>y & disproportionate =ce on  
peaceful prote/s1 result+ 9 unlawful    
kill+s & injuries ( prote/]s4 ,! ,,ffmi 
f\nd t at lea/ n9e "y m5 7 arbitr>ily   
execut$1 foll[+ %am proce$+s be=e       
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts t         
disreg>d$ basic fair trial & due process
 gu>antees1 creat+ t]ror among o!r      
prote/ors4 ,! ,,ffmi fur!r f\nd t by    
,janu>y #bjbd1 ! ,iranian ,regime's     
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts _h issu$  

at lea/ #bf dea? s5t5ces aga9/          
prote/ors4  7#ad7 ,) respect to !       
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts1 ! ,,ffmi 
f\nd t trials involv$ sy/ematic         
violations ( due process4 ,mo/ prote/ors
 7 br\ght be=e ,revolution>y ,c\rts1 on 
vague *>ges ( corruption on e>? or wag+ 
w> aga9/ ,god 9 relation to protect$    
conduct or spee*4 ,!y 7 d5i$ "s ( !     
basic proc$ural elem5ts ( due process4  
,_m 7 d5i$ access to c\nsel1 n able to  
access _! case files1 or receive copies 
( _! judgm5ts4 ,! ,,ffmi f\nd t ,islamic
 ,revolution>y ,c\rts %[$ cle> bias     
aga9/ prote/]s1 & sy/ematically dismiss$
 compla9ts ( rape1 torture &            
ill-treatm5t4  7#ae7 ,toomaj ,salehi is 
an ,iranian dissid5t & rap arti/ :o     
criticizes ! ,islamic ,republic's       
oppressive policies ?r\gh 8 music4 ,he  
is widely rev]$ inside ,iran = directly 
*all5g+ ! ,islamic ,republic's d5ial (  
human rights4 ,he 0 arre/$ 9 ,octob]    
#bjbb1 9 ! aft]ma? ( ! ,woman ,life     
,fre$om prote/s1 & has endur$ int5se    

psy*ological & physical torture1 includ+
 prolong$ solit>y conf9em5t4 ,9 ,july   
#bjbc1 he 0 s5t5c$ to ov] six ye>s (    
prison = corruption on ,e>?1 a crime    
manufactur$ by ! ,islamic ,regime to    
sil5ce diss5t4 ,on ,novemb] #ah1 #bjbc1 
,salehi 0 releas$ f prison on bail4 ,a  
few days lat]1 he issu$ a public /atem5t
 reveal+ ! dep? ( torture he _h endur$  
at ! h&s ( ! ,islamic ,republic4 ,on    
,novemb] #cj1 #bjbc1 ,toomaj ,salehi 0  
re-arre/$ on *>ges ( publi%+ false      
in=mation & di/urb+ public op9ion4 ,on  
,april #bd1 #bjbd1 despite a rem& f !   
,islamic ,republic's ,supreme ,c\rt1 !  
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rt ov]see+    
,salehi's case decl>$ ! decision ( !    
,supreme ,c\rt to be advisory & issu$ a 
dea? s5t5ce to ,toomaj ,salehi4  7#af7  
,examples ( victims ( ! ,islamic        
,revolution>y ,c\rts are pl5tiful4      
,vahid ,afk>i is a #cg-ye>-old ,iranian 
:o 0 arre/$ along ) 8 bro!rs ,habib &   
,navid ,afk>i dur+ ! #bjah ,iranian     
prote/s4 ,all ?ree 7 tortur$ into       

confess+ to kill+ a security (fic]4 ,on 
,septemb] #ab1 #bjbj1 ,navid ,afk>i 0   
execut$4 ,vahid ,afk>i rema9s imprison$1
 & has be5 held 9 solit>y conf9em5t =   
ov] #a1jjj days4 ,he is d5i$ m$ical     
treatm5t = ! injuries he has su/a9$ f   
torture & suicide attempts4  7#ag7      
,n>ges ,mohammadi is an ,iranian human  
rights ,activi/1 ! #bjbc ,nobel ,peace  
,prize recipi5t1 & ! vice presid5t ( !  
,def5d]s ( ,human ,rights ,c5t]1 a human
 rights organization bas$ 9 ,tehran4 ,%e
 has be5 repeat$ly prosecut$ by !       
,islamic ,republic due to h] outspok5   
positions aga9/ ! gov]nm5t's human      
rights abuses4 ,%e is curr5tly          
imprison$1 & r\t9ely subject$ to        
prolong$ solit>y conf9em5t1 psy*ological
 torture1 & physical abuse4  7#ah7      
,fatemeh ,sepehri is an ,iranian        
political & wom5's rights activi/ & a   
political prison]4 ,%e is a signatory ( 
! ,/atem5t ( #ad ,political ,activi/s1 a
 s]ies ( op5 lett]s t call$ = !         
resignation ( ! ,supreme ,lead] ( ,iran1

 ! abolition ( ! ,islamic ,republic1 & !
 e/abli%m5t ( a secul> democracy4 ,%e 0 
arre/$ on ,septemb] #ba1 #bjbb dur+ !   
,woman ,life ,fre$om prote/s1 & is      
imprison$ 9 solit>y conf9em5t4  7#ai7   
,saman ,yas91 a well-kn[n & acclaim$    
#bg-ye>-old ,kurdi% arti/ & rapp]1 has  
be5 a vocal critic ( ! ,islamic         
,republic & op5ly support$ ,woman ,life 
,fre$om prote/ors 9 8 social m$ia4 ,9   
,novemb] #bjbb1 he receiv$ a dea?       
s5t5ce1 :i* he appeal$4 ,al?\gh !       
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,islamic ,republic   
ov]turn$ 8 dea? s5t5ce1 ,yas9 has be5   
d5i$ a fair trial1 & suff]s ongo+       
psy*ological & physical torture :ile    
imprison$1 includ+ involunt>y admissions
 to psy*iatric hospitals4 ,8 fate is "p 
( a l>g] patt]n ( torture tactics aga9/ 
political prison]s1 includ+ injections &
 ! adm9i/ration ( unid5tifi$ pills4 ,z a
 result ( 8 sev]e & endur+ torture1 on  
,febru>y #bg1 #bjbd1 ,saman ,yas9 wrote 
an op5 lett] to ! head ( ! ,islamic     
,republic's judici>y1 9 :i* he dem&$ 8  

own execution4  7#bj7 ,nika ,%ak>ami 0 a
 #af-ye>-old ,iranian girl :o actively  
p>ticipat$ 9 nonviol5t prote/s aft] !   
kill+ ( ,j9a ,mahsa ,am9i4 ,%e disappe>$
 dur+ ! ,woman ,life ,fre$om prote/s1 & 
h] family f\nd h] %att]$ body 9 a       
mortu>y t5 days aft] h] disappe>ance4   
,despite ,islamic ,republic au?orities  
d5y+ any wrongdo+1 a subsequ5t leak$    
int]nal ,islamic ,revolution>y ,gu>d    
,corps docum5t reveal$ t %e _h be5 tak5 
into cu/ody1 b\nd 9 a van1 sexually     
assault$ by "o ( ?ree m51 & sp5t h] f9al
 m9utes be+ fatally beat5 by all ?ree   
m54  7#ba7 ,nika ,%ak>ami1 along ) ,s>9a
 ,esmailzadeh & ,hadis ,najafi1 two o!r 
"y wom5 murd]$ by ! ,islamic ,republic1 
became symbols ( ! ongo+ prote/s 9      
,iran4 ,despite attempts by au?orities  
to suppress in=mation ab\t ,%ak>ami's   
dea?1 int]national m$ia cov]age & social
 m$ia tributes highlight$ h] /ory1 sp>k+
 outrage & fur!r fuel+ ! prote/s4 ,nika 
,%ak>ami is a te/am5t to ! untold numb] 
( prote/ors t nev] _h ! prospect (      

appe>+ be=e an ,islamic ,revolution>y   
,c\rt4 ,_h %e surviv$2 %e likely w\ld h 
be5 tak5 be=e an ,islamic ,revolution>y 
,c\rt1 bas$ on manufactur$ *>ges1 = a   
trial t w\ld (f] no due process1        
insuffici5t access to legal c\nsel1 &   
false confessions bas$ on torture4      
7#bb7 ,!re are also num]\s report$ cases
 ( ,am]ican citiz5s & ,u4,s4 ,legal     
,p]man5t ,resid5ts be+ arbitr>ily       
deta9$1 subject$ to %am trials1 &       
unju/ly imprison$ by ,iranian           
,revolution>y c\rts on baseless *>ges4  
7#bc7 ,examples ( su* cases include     
,jason ,rezaian1 a ,wa%+ton ,po/        
j\rnali/ :o 0 imprison$ = ov] #ejj days 
on *>ges ( espionage1 ,siamak ,namazi1  
an ,iranian ,am]ican bus9essman :o 0    
s5t5c$ to #aj ye>s 9 prison on *>ges (  
spy+ & collaborat+ ) a ho/ile gov]nm5t1 
& ,amir ,hekmati1 a =m] ,u4,s4 ,m>9e &  
an ,iranian ,am]ican :o accus$ (        
espionage & 0 s5t5c$ to dea?1 b ! s5t5ce
 0 lat] ov]turn$ & !n retri$ & s5t5c$ to
 #aj ye>s 9 prison4  #c4 ,sanctions on  

judges ( ! islamic revolution>y c\rts   
7a7 ,s5se ( congress ,x is ! s5se (     
,congress t--  7#a7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all
 /& ) & support ! p ( ,iran 9 _! dem& = 
fundam5tal human rights & an end to g5d]
 ap>!id4  7#b7 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all     
cont9ue to hold ! ,islamic ,republic (  
,iran1 & all its bran*es ( gov]nm5t1    
includ+ ! judici>y & its judges1        
acc\ntable = abuses ( human rights1     
crimes aga9/ humanity1 corruption1 & !  
export ( t]rorism2 &  7#c7 ! ,islamic   
,republic mu/ imm$iately end its gross  
violations ( int]nationally recogniz$   
human rights4  7b7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7       
,det]m9ation requir$ ,n lat] ?an #ij    
days & annually !reaft] aft] ! date ( ! 
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t %all   
det]m9e :e!r ! sanctions li/$ 9 p>agraph
 7#b7 apply ) respect to ea* =eign p]son
 describ$ 9 subsection 7c71 & impose all
 applicable su* sanctions ) respect to  
ea* su* =eign p]son & entity4  7#b7     
,sanctions li/$ ,! sanctions li/$ 9 ?is 
p>agraph are ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,sanctions  

describ$ 9 section #aje7;c7 ( !         
,compreh5sive ,iran ,sanctions1         
,acc\ntability1 & ,dive/m5t ,act ( #bjaj
 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #head7;c774  7,b7       
,sanctions applicable ) respect to a    
p]son pursuant to ,executive ,ord]      
#aceec 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja note2 relat+
 to block+ prop]ty ( c]ta9 p]sons )     
respect to s]i\s human rights abuses by 
! ,gov]nm5t ( ,iran74  7,c7 ,sanctions  
applicable ) respect to a p]son pursuant
 to ,executive ,ord] #acbbd 7#ej        
,u4,s4,c4 #agja note2 relat+ to block+  
prop]ty & prohibit+ transactions )      
p]sons :o commit1 ?reat5 to commit1 or  
support t]rorism74  7,d7 ,sanctions     
applicable ) respect to a p]son pursuant
 to ,executive ,ord] #achah 7relat+ to  
block+ ! prop]ty ( p]sons involv$ 9     
s]i\s human rights abuse or corruption74
  7,e7 ,sanctions applicable ) respect  
to a p]son pursuant to ,executive ,ord] 
#achgf 7relat+ to impos+ sanctions )    
respect to ,iran74  7,f7 ,p5alties &    
visa ban applicable ) respect to a p]son

 pursuant to section #gjca7;c7 ( !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 ,=eign ,op]ations1 & 
,relat$ ,programs ,appropriations ,act1 
#bjba4  7#c7 ,=m ( det]m9ation ,!       
det]m9ation requir$ by p>agraph 7#a7    
%all be provid$ 9 an unclassifi$ =m b   
may conta9 a classifi$ annex provid$    
sep>ately conta9+ additional contextual 
in=mation p]ta9+ to ju/ification = !    
issuance ( any waiv] issu$1 z describ$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a77;,c77ii74 ,! unclassifi$ 
portion ( su* det]m9ation %all be made  
available on a publicly available       
int]net website ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4   
7c7 ,=eign p]sons describ$ ,! =eign     
p]sons describ$ 9 ?is subsection are !  
foll[+3 7#a7 ,adjudicators &            
inve/igators includ+ judges1 prosecutors
 & inve/igators ( ! v>i\s bran*es ( !   
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts involv$ 9 
ov]see+1 committ+1 or adjudicat+ bas$ on
 inhumane treatm5t ( prison]s ( consci\s
 includ+ political prison]s f det5tion  
to s5t5c+4  7d7 ,congressional ov]sight 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #fj days aft] 

receiv+ a reque/ f ! *airman & rank+    
memb] ( "o ( ! appropriate congressional
 committees ) respect to :e!r a p]son   
meets ! crit]ia ( a p]son describ$ 9    
subsection 7c71 ! ,presid5t %all-- 7,a7 
det]m9e if ! p]son meets su* crit]ia2 & 
7,b7 submit a classifi$ or unclassifi$  
report to su* *airman & rank+ memb] )   
respect to su* det]m9ation t includes a 
/atem5t ( :e!r or n ! ,presid5t impos$  
or int5ds to impose sanctions ) respect 
to ! p]son pursuant to ?is section4     
7#b7 ,appropriate congressional         
committees def9$ ,9 ?is subsection1 !   
t]m appropriate congressional committees
 means--  7,a7 ! ,committee on ,=eign   
,affairs ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 & 
7,b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,relations (
 ! ,s5ate4  #d4 ,/atem5t ( policy ,x is 
! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates t-- 7#a7 !   
legal & bureaucratic app>atus ( !       
,islamic ,revolution>y ,c\rts           
facilitates ! ,islamic ,republic 9      
%ield+ human rights abuses f scrut9y2   
7#b7 judgm5ts1 s5t5ces & o!r (ficial    

acts t emanate f ! ,islamic             
,revolution>y ,c\rts %\ld n be af=d$    
judicial def]5ce by ! int]national legal
 community & may s]ve z evid5ce (       
torture & human rights violations2  7#c7
 ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran %\ld      
imm$iately /op violat+ ! human rights ( 
political prison]s or any p]son ) a     
proce$+ be=e ! ,islamic ,revolution>y   
,c\rts1 includ+ by--  7,a7 torture2     
7,b7 assault2  7,c7 d5ial ( access to   
heal? c>e2 &  7,d7 d5ial ( a fair trial2
 &  7#d7 ! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran   
%\ld imm$iately release all political   
prison]s4  #e4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 
7#a7 ,political prison] ,! t]m political
 prison] means a p]son :o has be5 deta9$
 or imprison$ on politically motivat$   
gr\nds4  #f4 ,sev]ability ,if any       
provision ( ?is ,act1 or ! application (
 su* provision to any p]son or          
circum/ance1 is f\nd to be              
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act1  
or ! application ( t provision to o!r   
p]sons or circum/ances1 %all n be       

affect$4