#aahth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #haeb ,,an ,,act ,to amend the ,export ,control ,reform ,act of #bjah to provide for control of remote access of items1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,remote ,access ,security ,act4 #b4 ,control of remote access of items under the ,export ,control ,reform ,act of #bjah ,the ,export ,control ,reform ,act of #bjah is amended-- 7#a7 in section #agdb 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhja71 by adding at the end the following3 7#ae7 ,remote access ,the term remote access means access to an item that is subject to the jurisdiction of the ,united ,states 7without regard to the physical location of the item7 and included on the ,commerce ,control ,list set forth in ,supplement ,no4 #a to part #ggd of the ,export ,administration ,regulations1 by a foreign person through a network connection1 including the internet or a cloud computing service1 from a location other than where the item is physically located1 to use the functions of the item if the use of those functions may pose a serious risk to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states1 such as by-- 7,a7 training an artificial intelligence model that could-- 7i7 substantially lower the barrier of entry for experts or non-experts to design1 synthesize1 acquire1 or use chemical1 biological1 radiological1 or nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction2 7ii7 enable offensive cyber operations through automated vulnerability discovery and exploitation against a wide range of potential targets of cyber attacks2 or 7iii7 permit the evasion of human control or oversight of automated systems through means of deception or obfuscation2 or 7,b7 accessing a quantum computer that could enable offensive cyber operations or other risks to national security2 or 7,c7 accessing hacking tools4 2 7#b7 in section #ageb 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhaa7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting or remote access after export2 and 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting or remote access after export2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and in-country transfer of items and inserting in-country transfer1 and remote access of items2 and 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 in the matter preceding clause 7i71 by striking release and inserting release or remote access2 7,,ii7 in clause 7iv71 by striking 2 or and inserting a semicolon2 7,,iii7 in clause 7v71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 or2 and 7,,iv7 by adding at the end the following3 7vi7 offensive cyber operations4 2 7#c7 in section #agec 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhab7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7i7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking and at the end2 7ii7 in paragraph 7#b77;,f71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following3 7#c7 the remote access to-- 7,a7 items subject to the jurisdiction of the ,united ,states 7without regard to the physical location of the items7 that are determined by the ,president to warrant controls with respect to access by foreign persons or countries of concern2 and 7,b7 the functions of such items4 2 7,b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7i7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#c7 through 7#g7 as paragraphs 7#d7 through 7#h71 respectively2 and 7ii7 by inserting after paragraph 7#b7 the following3 7#c7 regulate the remote access by foreign persons of items as described in subsection 7a77#c72 2 and 7,c7 in subsection 7c7-- 7i7 by striking or in-country transfer each place it appears and inserting in-country transfer1 or remote access2 and 7ii7 by striking subsections 7b77#a7 or 7b77#b7 and inserting subsections 7b77#a71 7b77#b71 or 7b77#c72 7#d7 in section #aged 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhac7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7i7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking and in-country transfers and inserting in-country transfers1 and remote access2 7ii7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking and in-country transfers and inserting in-country transfers1 and remote access2 7iii7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking and in-country transfers and inserting in-country transfers1 and remote access2 7iv7 in paragraph 7#aj71 by striking or in-country transferred and inserting in-country transferred1 or remotely accessed2 7v7 in paragraph 7#aa71 by adding at the end before the semicolon the following3 or remote access2 and 7vi7 in paragraph 7#ae71 by adding at the end before 2 and the following3 or remotely access 7including the provision thereof72 7,b7 in subsection 7b71 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remote access2 and 7,c7 in subsection 7d77#a71 by amending subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 7,a7 the export1 reexport1 or in-country transfer of1 or remote access to1 items described in paragraph 7#b71 or remote access to items described in section #agdb7ae71 including1 in both cases1 items that are not subject to control under this part2 and 4 7#e7 in section #agee7;b77#b7 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhad7;b77#b77-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking and in-country transfers and inserting in-country transfers1 and remote access2 and 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking and in-country transfers and inserting in-country transfers1 and remote access2 and 7#f7 in section #agef 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhae7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a71 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by striking and in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 and remote access2 and 7,b7 in subsection 7b71 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remote access2 7#g7 in section #ageg7;a7 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhaf7;a771 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remote access2 and 7#h7 in section #agfj 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhai7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a77#b77;,f77iii71 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remote access2 7,b7 in subsection 7c77#a77;,c71 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remotely access 7including the provision thereof72 and 7,c7 in subsection 7e77#a77;,a7-- 7i7 in clause 7i71 by striking or in-country transfer outside the ,united ,states any item and inserting in-country transfer outside the ,united ,states any item1 or remotely access any item2 and 7ii7 in clause 7ii71 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remote access2 7#i7 in section #agfa 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhbj7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a77#e71 by striking or in-country transferred and inserting in-country transferred1 or remotely accessed2 7,b7 in subsection 7d77#b71 by striking export each place it appears and inserting export control2 and 7,c7 in subsection 7h77#a77;,b71 by striking or in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 or remotely access2 and 7#aj7 in section #agfg 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhbe7-- 7,a7 in subsection 7a71 by striking or reexport and inserting reexport1 or remote access2 and 7,b7 in subsection 7b77#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and in-country transfer and inserting in-country transfer1 and remote access2 and 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking or in-country transferred and inserting in-country transferred1 or remotely accessed4 ,passed the ,house of ,representatives ,september #i1 #bjbd4;,clerk4