,i  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #ggbd  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,m>* #ai1 #bjbd,ms4   
,l(gr5 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0   
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1 &
 9 addition to ! ,committee on !        
,budget1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly    
det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case =      
consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 
! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to e/abli%1 "u article ,i ( ! 
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 a c\rt (
 record to be kn[n z ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
,immigration ,c\rts4  #a4 ,%ort title2  
table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is   
,act may be cit$ z ! ,real ,c\rts1 ,rule
 ( ,law ,act ( #bjbd4  7b7 ,table (     
cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is
 z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table 
( cont5ts4,sec4 #b4 ,e/abli%m5t &       
/ructure ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,immigration 
,c\rts4,sec4 #c4 ,employees4,sec4 #d4   
,budget & exp5ditures4,sec4 #e4 ,annual 
report4,sec4 #f4 ,application date2     
transitional provisions4,sec4 #g4       

,in/itutional transf]2 cont9uity (      
proce$+s4,sec4 #h4 ,review by !         
,judicial ,conf]5ce2 consultation       
requirem5ts4,sec4 #i4 ,te*nical & con=m+
 provisions4  #b4 ,e/abli%m5t & /ructure
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,immigration ,c\rts  
7a7 ,unit$ ,/ates ,immigration ,c\rts ,!
 ,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h   
,u4,s4,c4 #aaja et seq47 is am5d$ by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  ,,vi ,,unit$   
,,/ates ,,immigration ,,c\rts  ,a       
,organization & ,jurisdiction  #fja4    
,e/abli%m5t & /ructure  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re is e/abli%$1 "u      
article ,i ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates1 a sy/em ( c\rts ( record to be  
kn[n z ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,immigration     
,c\rts 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is ,act z !        
,immigration ,c\rts74 ,ea* su* c\rt (   
record may be ref]r$ to z an immigration
 c\rt4 ,! ,immigration ,c\rts is n an   
ag5cy (1 & %all be indep5d5t (1 !       
executive bran* ( ! ,gov]nm5t4  7#b7    
,divisions ,! ,immigration ,c\rts %all  
consi/ ( an appellate division1 a trial 

division1 & an adm9i/rative division4   
7#c7 ,c\rt (fices ,! pr9cipal (fice ( ! 
,immigration ,c\rts %all be 9 !         
,wa%+ton1 ,,dc1 metropolitan area1 b any
 immigration c\rt may sit at any place  
)9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#d7 ,c\rt seal ,! 
,immigration ,c\rts %all h a seal :i*   
%all be judicially notic$4  7b7         
,appellate division  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!   
appellate division ( ! ,immigration     
,c\rts %all be compos$ ( #ba immigration
 appeals judges1 "o ( :om %all s]ve z   
*ief judge1 9 accordance ) p>agraph     
7#c74  7#b7 ,appo9tm5t ( immigration    
appeals judges  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,ea*      
immigration appeals judge %all be       
appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 by & ) ! advice 
& cons5t ( ! ,s5ate1 consi/5t ) !       
requirem5ts describ$ 9 section #fjb4    
7,b7 ,t]m ( (fice ,ea* immigration      
appeals judge %all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( 
#ae ye>s & may be reappo9t$ = additional
 #ae-ye> t]ms4 ,an immigration appeals  
judge :o is n reappo9t$ = an additional 
t]m may cont9ue to s]ve aft] !          

expiration ( ! prior t]m until ! e>li]  
(-- 7i7 ! date t a successor is appo9t$2
 or  7ii7 ! date t is #a ye> aft] !     
expiration ( ! prior t]m4  7,c7 ,special
 rule ,if an immigration appeals judge  
does n s]ve ! entirety ( an appo9t$ t]m1
 ! result+ vacancy %all be fill$ by a   
successor appo9t$ = ! rema9d] ( ! t]m 9 
accordance ) ?is p>agraph4 ,at !        
conclusion ( ! t]m1 su* successor may be
 reappo9t$ 9 accordance ) subp>agraph   
7,b74  7#c7 ,*ief judge  7,a7           
,designation  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,! *ief judge
 %all be ! immigration appeals judge :o 
is mo/ s5ior 9 appo9tm5t among !        
immigration appeals judges :o1 at t "t (
 appo9tm5t to ! appellate division--    
7,i7 h s]v$ = #a or m ye>s2  7,,ii7 h at
 lea/ #e ye>s rema9+ 9 _! t]m ( (fice z 
an immigration appeals judge2 &  7,,iii7
 h n previ\sly s]v$ z *ief judge4  7ii7 
,act+ *ief judge ,if no immigration     
appeals judge 9 regul> active s]vice    
satisfies all ( ! requirem5ts 9 clause  
7i71 ! immigration appeals judge :o is  

mo/ s5ior 9 commission & :o has n       
previ\sly s]v$ z *ief judge %all s]ve z 
act+ *ief judge until an immigration    
appeals judge becomes eligible "u su*   
clause4  7iii7 ,prec$5ce ,immigration   
appeals judges :o h ! same s5iority 9   
commission %all be eligible = s]vice z  
*ief judge accord+ to s5iority 9 age4   
7,b7 ,t]m ( (fice  7i7 ,9 g5]al ,except 
z provid$ 9 clause 7ii71 ! *ief judge   
%all s]ve a t]m t %all end on ! e>lie/  
(-- 7,i7 ! date t is #e ye>s aft] ! date
 t t]m beg9s2  7,,ii7 ! date t ! judge  
is remov$ f s]vice = cause 9 accordance 
) section #fjb7;f72  7,,iii7 ! date t ! 
judge leaves regul> active s]vice z an  
immigration appeals judge2 &  7,,iv7 !  
date t ! judge provides writt5 notice to
 ! o!r immigration appeals judges t su* 
judge is resign+ f s]vice z *ief judge4 
7ii7 ,cont9uation ( s]vice ,if1 ^u      
conclusion ( ! *ief judge's t]m ( (fice 
describ$ 9 clause 7i77,i71 no o!r       
immigration appeals judge is eligible to
 assume ! role ( *ief judge z provid$ 9 

subp>agraph 7,a71 ! incumb5t %all       
cont9ue to s]ve z *ief judge until ano!r
 immigration appeals judge becomes      
eligible4  7#d7 ,en banc ex]cise (      
appellate division au?ority 9           
non-adjudicative matt]s  7,a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! appellate division %all ex]cise only 
en banc its au?ority to-- 7i7 appo9t    
immigration trial judges to ! trial     
division2  7ii7 remove immigration trial
 judges 9 accordance ) section #fjb7;f72
  7iii7 appo9t a *ief adm9i/rative (fic]
 to ! adm9i/rative division2  7iv7      
promulgate rules & set policies &       
proc$ures ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts2 &    
7v7 address o!r non-adjudicative matt]s 
t require en banc consid]ation1 z       
det]m9$ by ! *ief judge4  7,b7 ,majority
 vote ,! appellate division %all ex]cise
 its en banc au?ority z provid$ 9       
subp>agraph 7,a7 by a majority vote1 a  
quorum be+ pres5t4  7,c7 ,quorum ,=     
purposes ( ?is p>agraph1 n less ?an ?ree
 immigration appeals judges 9 regul>    
active s]vice or #b_/c ( all immigration

 appeals judges 9 regul> active s]vice1 
:i*ev] is great]1 %all con/itute a      
quorum4  7c7 ,trial division  7#a7 ,9   
g5]al ,! trial division ( ! ,immigration
 ,c\rts %all be compos$ ( immigration   
trial c\rts1 ! numb] & geographical     
location ( :i* %all be det]m9$ by !     
adm9i/rative c\ncil1 9 accordance ) !   
proc$ures describ$ 9 subsection         
7d77#c77;,b74 ,ea* immigration trial    
c\rt %all be ov]se5 by a *ief trial     
judge4  7#b7 ,appo9tm5t ( immigration   
trial judges  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z   
provid$ 9 section #fjc1 ea* immigration 
trial judge %all be appo9t$ by !        
appellate division consi/5t ) !         
requirem5ts describ$ 9 section #fjb4    
7,b7 ,t]m ( (fice ,ea* immigration trial
 judge %all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( #ae    
ye>s & may be reappo9t$ = additional    
#ae-ye> t]ms4 ,an immigration trial     
judge :o is n reappo9t$ = an additional 
t]m may cont9ue to s]ve aft] !          
expiration ( ! prior t]m = n m ?an #a   
ye> or until a successor is appo9t$1    

:i*ev] occurs fir/4  7#c7 ,*ief trial   
judges  7,a7 ,designation ,! *ief judge 
%all designate "o immigration trial     
judge to s]ve z ! *ief trial judge = ea*
 geographical area4 ,if only "o         
immigration trial judge presides ov] a  
geographical area1 t judge %all be      
designat$ ! *ief trial judge4  7,b7 ,t]m
 ( (fice ,*ief trial judges %all s]ve = 
an initial t]m ( #e ye>s & may be       
reappo9t$ = additional #e-ye> t]ms1 or  
o!r p]iods ( "t t are less ?an #e ye>s z
 det]m9$ by ! appellate division4  7,c7 
,responsibilities ,9 addition to        
fulfill+ regul> judicial duties1 *ief   
trial judges %all be responsible =-- 7i7
 ov]see+ ! adm9i/rative op]ations ( !   
trial division 9 ! geographical area 9  
:i* !y are locat$2 &  7ii7 fulfill+ all 
o!r duties & responsibilities articulat$
 9 ?is ,act or delegat$ to ! *ief trial 
judges by ! *ief judge4  7d7            
adm9i/rative division  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
adm9i/rative division ( ! ,immigration  
,c\rts %all consi/ ( an adm9i/rative    

(fice & an adm9i/rative c\ncil4  7#b7   
,adm9i/rative (fice ,! adm9i/rative     
(fice %all be manag$ by a *ief          
adm9i/rative (fic]1 :o %all be          
responsible =-- 7,a7 implem5t+ &        
adm9i/]+ op]ational rules1 policies1 &  
proc$ures ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts       
e/abli%$ by ! appellate division or !   
adm9i/rative c\ncil2  7,b7 assi/+ !     
adm9i/rative c\ncil 9 execut+ its       
responsibilities z describ$ 9 p>agraph  
7#c72 &  7,c7 fulfill+ all o!r          
adm9i/rative duties & responsibilities  
articulat$ 9 ?is ,act or delegat$ by !  
*ief judge4  7#c7 adm9i/rative c\ncil   
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! *ief judge ( !         
appellate division %all summon annually 
! *ief trial judge ( ea* c\rt ( ! trial 
division to a meet+ at su* "t & place 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! *ief judge may      
designate4 ,! *ief judge %all preside at
 su* meet+ :i* %all be kn[n z !         
adm9i/rative c\ncil ( ! ,immigration    
,c\rts4 ,special sessions ( ! c\ncil may
 be call$ by ! *ief judge at su* times &

 places z ! *ief judge may designate4   
,if ! *ief trial judge ( any c\rt ( !   
trial division is unable to att5d1 !    
*ief judge may summon any o!r judge f   
su* c\rt4 ,e judge summon$ %all att5d &1
 unless excus$ by ! *ief judge1 %all    
rema9 ?r\gh\t ! sessions ( ! c\ncil &   
advise z to ! ne$s ( t judge's c\rt & z 
to any matt]s 9 respect ( :i* !         
adm9i/ration ( ju/ice 9 ! ,immigration  
,c\rts may be improv$4  7,b7            
,det]m9ation ( numb] ( requir$ judges & 
geographical areas ( s]vice  7i7 ,survey
 ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! application  
date describ$ 9 section #f ( ! ,real    
,c\rts1 ,rule ( ,law ,act ( #bjbd1 & e  
#d ye>s !reaft]1 ! adm9i/rative c\ncil  
%all conduct a survey1 :i* %all include 
! solicitation ( in=mation &            
recomm5dations f ! public1 to det]m9e ! 
numb] ( immigration trial c\rts requir$ 
to provide = ! exp$iti\s & effective    
adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 z well z !       
geographical areas to be s]v$ by su*    
c\rts4 ,9 conduct+ ! survey1 !          

adm9i/rative c\ncil %all-- 7,i7 assess !
 cont9u+ ne$ = exi/+ immigration trial  
c\rt positions & ! ne$ = additional     
positions 9 ea* geographical location2  
7,,ii7 evaluate local conditions 9 ea*  
geographical location1 includ+ !        
proximity to populations to be s]v$1 !  
quality & availability ( infra/ructure  
to support transportation &             
communication1 & ! availability ( legal 
s]vices = indig5t & non-,engli% speak+  
individuals2  7,,iii7 consid] proximity 
& access to judicial & ,dep>tm5t (      
,homel& ,security facilities2 &  7,,iv7 
consid] ! allocation ( immigration trial
 c\rts & judges among exi/+ geographical
 areas & :e!r ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice   
w\ld be bett] s]v$ by ! pres5ce (       
immigration trial c\rts & judges 9 new  
or diff]5t areas4  7ii7 ,publication (  
survey results ,! adm9i/rative c\ncil   
%all publi% ! results ( ! survey        
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a74  7iii7     
,notice ( vacancies ,! adm9i/rative     
c\ncil %all publi% notice ( any         

immigration judge vacancies or new /aff 
positions4  7,c7 ,m]it selection panel  
7i7 ,appo9tm5t ( immigration judges ,!  
adm9i/rative c\ncil %all e/abli% a m]it 
selection panel to assi/ 9 id5tify+ &   
recomm5d+ individuals :o are be/        
qualifi$ to s]ve z immigration judges1  
consi/5t ) subsections 7a71 7b71 & 7c7 (
 section #fjb4  7ii7 ,composition ,!    
panel describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 %all     
consi/ ( qualifi$ individuals ) exp]i5ce
 9 a div]se range ( sett+s1 includ+     
academia1 nongov]nm5tal organizations1  
private immigration practice1 & gov]nm5t
 s]vice4  #fjb4 ,immigration appeals    
judges & trial judges  7a7              
,qualifications ( immigration judges    
,ea* immigration judge %all-- 7#a7 be a 
memb] 9 good /&+ ( ! b> ( a ,f$]al c\rt 
or ! highe/ c\rt ( a ,/ate1 or any      
comb9ation !re(1 = n less ?an #aj ye>s2 
7#b7 possess1 & h a reputation =1       
integrity & good "*2  7#c7 possess & h  
demon/rat$ a commitm5t to equal ju/ice  
"u ! law2  7#d7 possess & h demon/rat$  

out/&+ legal ability & compet5ce1 z     
evid5c$ by sub/antial legal exp]i5ce1   
ability to deal ) complex legal         
problems1 aptitude = legal s*ol>%ip &   
writ+1 & famili>ity ) c\rts & c\rt      
processes2  7#e7 exhibit demeanor1 "*1 &
 p]sonality t indicate a judicial       
temp]am5t2 &  7#f7 be qualifi$ to       
conduct fair & imp>tial he>+s t are     
consi/5t ) due process4  7b7 ,additional
 factors = ! appo9tm5t ( immigration    
judges ,9 appo9t+ immigration judges1 ! 
,presid5t & ! appellate division %all   
ensure t-- 7#a7 qualifi$ c&idates are   
id5tifi$ )\t reg>d to race1 color1 sex1 
religion1 national orig91 disability1   
age1 or any o!r factor protect$ "u      
,f$]al law2  7#b7 to ! ext5t            
practicable1 ! corps ( immigration      
judges-- 7,a7 is compris$ prim>ily (    
individuals ) prior legal exp]i5ce 9    
immigration law2 &  7,b7 reflects a     
balance ( individuals ) prior legal     
exp]i5ce 9 ! public sector & private    
sector2 &  7#c7 c&idates are select$ )\t

 reg>d to political p>ty affiliation or 
p]ceiv$ political ideology4  7c7        
,prohibit$ relation%ips ,no individual  
may be appo9t$ z an immigration trial   
judge if su* individual is relat$ by    
blood 9 ! fir/-1 second-1 or            
?ird-degree1 or by m>riage to a         
immigration appeals judge 9 regul>      
active s]vice4  7d7 ,cont9u+ education  
,9 addition to ! tra9+ requir$ "u       
section #fjc7;c7 ( ! ,int]national      
,religi\s ,fre$om ,act ( #aiih 7#bb     
,u4,s4,c4 #fdgc7;c771 all immigration   
judges %all be requir$ to satisfy       
cont9u+ education requirem5ts1 z det]m9$
 by ! adm9i/rative c\ncil4  7e7 ,sal>ies
  7#a7 ,immigration appeals judges ,ea* 
immigration appeals judge %all s]ve on a
 full-"t basis & %all receive z         
comp5sation = su* s]vices1 an annual    
sal>y t is equal to ! sal>y ( a judge ( 
! di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z      
det]m9$ pursuant to section #ace ( title
 #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7#b7        
,immigration trial judges ,ea*          

immigration trial judge %all s]ve on a  
full-"t basis & %all receive z          
comp5sation = su* s]vices1 an annual    
sal>y t is equal to #ib p]c5t ( ! sal>y 
( a judge ( ! di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates z det]m9$ pursuant to section    
#ace ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  
7#c7 ,prohibition on ! practice ( law   
,no immigration judge may engage 9 !    
practice ( law or any o!r practice1     
bus9ess1 occupation1 or employm5t t is  
inconsi/5t ) ! exp$iti\s1 prop]1 &      
imp>tial p]=mance ( su* judge's duties4 
7f7 ,removal  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an         
immigration judge may be remov$ f (fice 
only on gr\nds ( incapacity1 misconduct1
 neglect ( duty1 or hav+ engag$ 9 !     
practice ( law1 & 9 accordance ) !      
foll[+3 7,a7 ,an immigration appeals    
judge may be remov$ f (fice by !        
,presid5t4  7,b7 ,an immigration trial  
judge may be remov$ f (fice by !        
appellate division4  7,c7 ,no           
immigration judge may be remov$ f (fice 
unless su* judge is provid$ ) notice ( !

 allegations =m+ ! basis = removal & an 
opportunity to appe> 9 p]son at a he>+  
to rebut su* allegations4  7#b7         
,compla9ts  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! appellate  
division %all promulgate rules1 consi/5t
 ) *apt] #af ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 = receiv+1 inve/igat+1 & resolv+ 
compla9ts reg>d+ ! conduct ( immigration
 judges4 ,9 inve/igat+ & act+ ^u any su*
 compla9t1 ! appellate division %all h !
 p[]s grant$ to a judicial c\ncil "u su*
 *apt]4  7,b7 ,judicial conf]5ce ,!     
provisions ( sections #ced7;b7 ?r\gh    
#cfj ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1  
reg>d+ ref]ral or c]tification to1 &    
petition = review 9 ! ,judicial         
,conf]5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & action   
!reon1 %all apply to ! ex]cise ( ! p[]s 
( a judicial c\ncil by ! appellate      
division4 ,! gr\nds = removal specifi$ 9
 p>agraph 7#a7 %all provide ! basis = a 
det]m9ation to ref] a compla9t to !     
,judicial ,conf]5ce1 = fur!r action by !
 ,conf]5ce1 & = c]tification &          
transmittal by ! ,conf]5ce ( any        

compla9t to ! ,presid5t4  7g7 ,retirem5t
  7#a7 ,any immigration judge %all      
retire ^u atta9+ ! age ( #hj4  7#b7 ,any
 immigration judge :o meets ! age &     
s]vice requirem5ts set =? 9 ! foll[+    
table may retire3 ,! immigration judge  
has atta9$ age,and ! ye>s ( s]vice z an 
immigration judge are at                
lea/3#feaeffadfgacfhabfiaagjaj4  7#c7   
,any immigration judge :o is n reappo9t$
 foll[+ ! expiration ( ! t]m ( 8 (fice  
may retire ^u ! completion ( su* t]m1   
if-- 7,a7 he has s]v$ z an immigration  
judge = #ae ye>s or m2 &  7,b7 n e>li]  
?an #i mon?s prec$+ ! date ( !          
expiration ( ! t]m ( 8 (fice & n lat]   
?an #f mon?s prec$+ su* date1 he advis$ 
! ,presid5t or ! appellate division1 z  
appropriate1 9 writ+ t he 0 will+ to    
accept reappo9tm5t z an immigration     
judge4  7#d7 ,any immigration judge :o  
becomes p]man5tly disabl$ f p]=m+ 8     
duties %all retire4  7h7 ,retir$ pay    
,any individual :o-- 7#a7 retires "u    
p>agraph 7#a71 7#b71 or 7#c7 (          

subsection 7g7 & elects "u subsection   
7i7 to receive retir$ pay "u ?is        
subsection %all receive retir$ pay dur+ 
any p]iod at a rate :i* be>s ! same     
ratio to ! rate ( ! sal>y payable to an 
immigration judge dur+ su* p]iod z !    
numb] ( ye>s he has s]v$ z immigration  
judge be>s to #aj2 except t ! rate ( su*
 retir$ pay %all n be m ?an ! rate ( su*
 sal>y = su* p]iod2 or  7#b7 retires "u 
p>agraph 7#d7 ( subsection 7b7 & elects 
"u subsection 7i7 to receive retir$ pay 
"u ?is subsection %all receive retir$   
pay dur+ any p]iod at a rate-- 7,a7     
equal to ! rate ( ! sal>y payable to an 
immigration judge dur+ su* p]iod if be=e
 he retir$ he _h s]v$ z an immigration  
judge n less ?an #aj ye>s2 or  7,b7     
"o-half ( ! rate ( ! sal>y payable to an
 immigration judge dur+ su* p]iod if    
be=e he retir$ he _h s]v$ z an          
immigration judge less ?an #aj ye>s4    
,su* retir$ pay %all beg9 to accrue on !
 day foll[+ ! day on :i* 8 sal>y z      
immigration judge ceases to accrue1 &   

%all cont9ue to accrue dur+ ! rema9d] ( 
8 life4 ,retir$ pay "u ?is subsection   
%all be paid 9 ! same mann] z ! sal>y ( 
an immigration judge4 ,9 comput+ ! rate 
( ! retir$ pay "u p>agraph 7#a7 ( ?is   
subsection = any individual :o is       
entitl$ !reto1 t portion ( ! aggregate  
numb] ( ye>s he has s]v$ z an           
immigration judge :i* is a fractional "p
 ( #a ye> %all be elim9at$ if x is less 
?an #f mon?s1 or %all be c\nt$ z a full 
ye> if x is #f mon?s or m4 ,9 comput+ ! 
rate ( ! retir$ pay "u p>agraph 7#a7 (  
?is subsection = any individual :o is   
entitl$ !reto1 any p]iod dur+ :i* su*   
individual p]=ms s]vices "u subsection  
7c7 on a sub/antially full-"t basis %all
 be treat$ z a p]iod dur+ :i* he has    
s]v$ z an immigration judge4  7i7       
,election ,to receive retir$ pay ,any   
immigration judge may elect to receive  
retir$ pay "u subsection 7h74 ,su* an   
election-- 7#a7 may be made only :ile an
 individual is an immigration judge     
7except t 9 ! case ( an individual :o   

fails to be reappo9t$ z immigration     
judge at ! expiration ( a t]m ( (fice1 x
 may be made at any "t be=e ! day aft] !
 day on :i* 8 successor takes (fice72   
7#b7 once made1 %all be irrevocable2    
7#c7 9 ! case ( any immigration judge   
o!r ?an ! *ief judge1 %all be made by   
fil+ notice !re( 9 writ+ ) ! *ief judge2
 &  7#d7 9 ! case ( ! *ief judge1 %all  
be made by fil+ notice !re( 9 writ+ ) ! 
,(fice ( ,p]sonnel ,managem5t4  ,! *ief 
judge %all transmit to ! ,(fice (       
,p]sonnel ,managem5t a copy ( ea* notice
 fil$ ) him "u ?is subsection4  7j7     
,retir$ pay affect$ 9 c]ta9 cases ,9 !  
case ( an individual = :om an election  
to receive retir$ pay "u subsection 7h7 
is 9 effect-- 7#a7 #a-ye> =feiture =    
failure to p]=m judicial duties ,if su* 
individual dur+ any cal5d> ye> fails to 
p]=m judicial duties requir$ ( him by   
section #fjc1 su* individual %all =feit 
all rights to retir$ pay "u subsection  
7d7 = ! #a-ye> p]iod :i* beg9s on ! fir/
 day on :i* he s fails to p]=m su*      

duties4  7#b7 ,susp5sion ( retir$ pay   
dur+ p]iod ( comp5sat$ gov]nm5t s]vice  
,if su* individual accepts comp5sation =
 civil (fice or employm5t "u ! ,gov]nm5t
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7o!r ?an ! p]=mance (
 judicial duties pursuant to section    
#fjc71 su* individual %all =feit all    
rights to retir$ pay "u subsection 7h7 =
 ! p]iod = :i* su* comp5sation is       
receiv$4  7#c7 ,=feitures ( retir$ pay  
"u p>agraph 7#a7 n to apply :]e         
individual elects to freeze am\nt (     
retir$ pay  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,if any       
individual makes an election "u ?is     
p>agraph-- 7i7 p>agraph 7#a7 & section  
#fjc %all n apply to su* individual     
beg9n+ on ! date su* election takes     
effect1 &  7ii7 ! retir$ pay "u         
subsection 7h7 payable to su* individual
 = p]iods beg9n+ on or aft] ! date su*  
election takes effect %all be equal to !
 retir$ pay to :i* su* individual w\ld  
be entitl$ )\t reg>d to ?is clause at ! 
"t ( su* election4  7,b7 ,election ,an  
election "u ?is p>agraph-- 7i7 may be   

made by an individual only if su*       
individual meets ! age & s]vice         
requirem5ts = retirem5t "u p>agraph 7#b7
 ( subsection 7g71  7ii7 may be made    
only dur+ ! p]iod dur+ :i* ! individual 
may make an election to receive retir$  
pay or :ile ! individual is receiv+     
retir$ pay1 &  7iii7 %all be made 9 !   
same mann] z ! election to receive      
retir$ pay4  ,su* an election1 once x   
takes effect1 %all be irrevocable4  7,c7
 ,:5 election takes effect ,any election
 "u ?is p>agraph %all take effect on !  
fir/ day ( ! fir/ mon? foll[+ ! mon? 9  
:i* ! election is made4  7k7            
,coord9ation ) civil s]vice retirem5t   
7#a7 ,g5]al rule ,except z o!rwise      
provid$ 9 ?is subsection1 ! provisions (
 ! civil s]vice retirem5t laws 7includ+ 
! provisions relat+ to ! d$uction &     
)hold+ ( am\nts f basic pay1 sal>y1 &   
comp5sation7 %all apply 9 respect (     
s]vice z an immigration judge 7toge!r ) 
o!r s]vice z an (fic] or employee to :om
 su* civil s]vice retirem5t laws apply7 

z if ?is section _h n be5 enact$4  7#b7 
,effect ( elect+ retir$ pay ,9 ! case ( 
any individual :o has fil$ an election  
to receive retir$ pay "u subsection     
7h7-- 7,a7 no annuity or o!r paym5t %all
 be payable to any p]son "u ! civil     
s]vice retirem5t laws ) respect to any  
s]vice p]=m$ by su* individual 7:e!r    
p]=m$ be=e or aft] su* election is fil$ 
& :e!r p]=m$ z immigration judge or     
o!rwise72  7,b7 no d$uction = purposes (
 ! ,civil ,s]vice ,retirem5t &          
,disability ,fund %all be made f retir$ 
pay payable to him "u subsection 7h7 or 
f any o!r sal>y1 pay1 or comp5sation    
payable to him1 = any p]iod beg9n+ aft] 
! day on :i* su* election is fil$2 &    
7,c7 su* individual %all be paid !      
lump-sum cr$it comput$ "u section       
#hcca7h7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates      
,code1 ^u mak+ application !re= ) !     
,(fice ( ,p]sonnel ,managem5t4  7l7     
,retirem5t = disability  7#a7 ,any      
immigration judge :o becomes p]man5tly  
disabl$ f p]=m+ 8 duties %all c]tify to 

! ,presid5t1 or ! appellate division1 z 
applicable1 8 disability 9 writ+4 ,if ! 
*ief judge retires = disability1 8      
retirem5t %all n take effect until      
concurr$ 9 by ! ,presid5t4  7#b7 ,:5ev] 
any immigration judge :o becomes        
p]man5tly disabl$ f p]=m+ 8 duties does 
n retire or ! appellate division1 z     
applicable1 & ! ,presid5t f9ds t su*    
immigration judge is unable to dis*>ge  
effici5tly all ! duties ( 8 (fice by    
reason ( p]man5t m5tal or physical      
disability & t ! appo9tm5t ( an         
additional immigration judge is necess>y
 = ! effici5t dispat* ( bus9ess1 !      
,presid5t or ! appellate division1 z    
applicable1 %all decl>e su* immigration 
judge to be retir$4  7m7 ,revocation (  
election ,to receive retir$ pay  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,not)/&+ subsection 7e77#b71 an  
individual :o has fil$ an election to   
receive retir$ pay "u subsection 7h7 may
 revoke su* election at any "t be=e !   
fir/ day on :i* retir$ pay 7or          
comp5sation "u section #fjc 9 lieu (    

retir$ pay7 w\ld 7b = su* revocation7   
beg9 to accrue ) respect to su*         
individual4  7#b7 ,mann] ( revok+ ,any  
revocation "u ?is subsection %all be    
made by fil+ a notice !re( 9 writ+ ) !  
,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,p]sonnel        
,managem5t4 ,! ,(fice ( ,p]sonnel       
,managem5t %all transmit to ! *ief judge
 a copy ( ea* notice fil$ "u ?is        
subsection4  7#c7 ,effect ( revocation  
,9 ! case ( any revocation "u ?is       
subsection-- 7,a7 = purposes ( ?is      
section1 ! individual %all be treat$ z n
 hav+ fil$ an election to receive retir$
 pay "u subsection 7h71  7,b7 no cr$it  
%all be all[$ = any s]vice z an         
immigration judge unless ) respect to   
su* s]vice ei!r !re has be5 d$uct$ &    
)held ! am\nt requir$ by ! civil s]vice 
retirem5t laws or !re has be5 deposit$ 9
 ! ,civil ,s]vice ,retirem5t &          
,disability ,fund an am\nt equal to !   
am\nt s requir$1 ) int]e/1  7,c7 !      
,immigration ,c\rts %all deposit 9 !    
,civil ,s]vice ,retirem5t & ,disability 

,fund an am\nt equal to ! additional    
am\nt x w\ld h contribut$ to su* ,fund b
 = ! election "u subsection 7i71 &  7,d7
 if subp>agraph 7,c7 is compli$ )1      
s]vice on ! ,immigration ,c\rts %all be 
treat$ z s]vice ) respect to :i*        
d$uctions & contributions _h be5 made   
dur+ ! p]iod ( s]vice4  7n7 ,?rift sav+s
 plan  7#a7 ,election to contribute     
7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,an immigration judge may 
elect to contribute to ! ,?rift ,sav+s  
,fund e/abli%$ by section #hdcg ( title 
#e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7,b7 ,p]iod ( 
election ,an election may be made "u ?is
 p>agraph only dur+ a p]iod provid$ "u  
section #hdcb7;b7 ( title #e1 ,unit$    
,/ates ,code1 = individuals subject to  
*apt] #hd ( su* title4  7#b7            
,applicability ( title #e provisions    
,except z o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is         
subsection1 ! provisions ( sub*apt]s    
,,iii & ,,vii ( *apt] #hd ( title #e1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all apply )       
respect to an immigration judge :o makes
 an election "u p>agraph 7#a74  7#c7    

,special rules  7,a7 ,am\nt contribut$  
,! am\nt contribut$ by an immigration   
judge to ! ,?rift ,sav+s ,fund 9 any pay
 p]iod %all n exce$ ! maximum p]c5tage (
 su* immigration judge's basic pay = su*
 p]iod z all[able "u section #hddj;f (  
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,basic   
pay does n include any retir$ pay paid  
pursuant to ?is section4  7,b7          
,contributions = b5efit ( immigration   
judge ,no contributions may be made = ! 
b5efit ( an immigration judge "u section
 #hdcb7;c7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates    
,code4  7,c7 ,applicability ( section   
#hdcc7;b7 ( title #e :e!r or n          
immigration judge retires ,section      
#hdcc7;b7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates     
,code1 applies ) respect to an          
immigration judge :o makes an election  
"u p>agraph 7#a7 & :o ei!r-- 7i7 retires
 "u subsection 7g71 or  7ii7 ceases to  
s]ve z an immigration judge b does n    
retire "u subsection 7g74  ,retirem5t "u
 subsection 7b7 is a sep>ation f s]vice 
= purposes ( sub*apt]s ,,iii & ,,vii (  

*apt] #hd ( t title4  7,d7              
,applicability ( section #hcea7;b77#e7 (
 title #e ,! provisions ( section       
#hcea7;b77#e7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code1 %all apply ) respect to an       
immigration judge :o makes an election  
"u p>agraph 7#a74  7,e7 ,exception      
,not)/&+ subp>agraph 7,c71 if any       
immigration judge retires "u ?is        
section1 or resigns )\t hav+ met ! age &
 s]vice requirem5ts set =? "u subsection
 7g77#b71 & su* immigration judge's     
non=feitable acc\nt balance is less ?an 
an am\nt t ! ,executive ,director ( !   
,f$]al ,retirem5t ,?rift ,inve/m5t ,bo>d
 prescribes by regulation1 ! ,executive 
,director %all pay ! non=feitable acc\nt
 balance to ! p>ticipant 9 a s+le       
paym5t4  #fjc4 ,tempor>y immigration    
judges & c\rt facilities  7a7 ,9 g5]al  
,subject to subsection 7c71 if !        
adm9i/rative c\ncil det]m9es1 bas$ on   
specific & cr$ible facts1 t ! curr5t    
res\rces ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts are    
insuffici5t = ! exp$iti\s & effective   

adm9i/ration ( ju/ice1 ! appellate      
division may ex]cise its au?ority en    
banc to-- 7#a7 appo9t tempor>y          
immigration trial judges1 :i* appo9tm5t 
%all be und]tak5 9 a mann] consi/5t ) ! 
requirem5ts ( section #fjb1 to ! ext5t  
practicable2  7#b7 recall retir$        
immigration trial or appeals judges1 z  
describ$ 9 subsection 7b72 &  7#c7      
e/abli% tempor>y c\rt facilities 9      
designat$ geographic areas4  7b7 ,recall
 ( retir$ judges  7#a7 ,eligibility ,a  
retir$ immigration judge may be recall$ 
= s]vice if ! judge provides to ! cl]k (
 ! ,immigration ,c\rts writt5 notice t !
 judge is will+ to be recall$ = s]vice 9
 accordance ) ! t]ms ( ?is subsection4  
7#b7 ,au?ority ( recall$ judges ,an     
immigration judge :o is recall$ to s]ve 
z an immigration appeals judge or       
immigration trial judge may ex]cise all 
( ! judicial p[]s & duties ( su* judges 
9 regul> active s]vice1 except z        
specifically provid$ 9 ?is subtitle4    
,su* judge %all n be c\nt$ = purposes ( 

section #fja7;b77#a7 or 7c77#b74  7#c7  
,comp5sation ,an immigration judge :o is
 recall$ = s]vice %all be paid at ! rate
 ( pay 9 effect "u section #fjb7;e7 = ! 
position at ! "t ( su* recall1 less !   
am\nt ( ! judge's retirem5t annuity1 if 
any4  7#d7 ,effect on civil s]vice      
retirem5t ,except z provid$ 9 subsection
 7d71 an immigration judge :o is recall$
 = s]vice :o retir$ "u *apt] #hc or #hd 
( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 %all be
 consid]$ to be a reemploy$ annuitant "u
 t *apt]4 ,no?+ 9 ?is subsection affects
 ! "r ( an immigration judge :o retir$  
"u *apt] #hc or #hd ( title #e1 ,unit$  
,/ates ,code1 to s]ve z a reemploy$     
annuitant 9 accordance ) ! provisions ( 
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7c7     
,report+ requirem5ts  7#a7 ,initial     
report ,prior to ex]cis+ ! au?ority     
describ$ 9 subsection 7a71 ! appellate  
division %all transmit a report to !    
,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se (   
,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on !     
,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate detail+-- 7,a7 !   

specific & cr$ible facts t l$ to !      
det]m9ation t additional c\rt res\rces  
are requir$2  7,b7 an assessm5t z to !  
numb] ( tempor>y immigration judges or  
c\rt facilities t are requir$2 &  7,c7  
an e/imate z to h[ long ! appellate     
division expects ! immigration judges or
 c\rt facilities describ$ 9 subsection  
7a7 to rema9 9 place4  7#b7 ,additional 
report+ ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft]       
ex]cis+ ! au?ority "u subsection 7a7 & e
 #cj days !reaft]1 ! appellate division 
%all report to ! ,committees nam$ 9     
p>agraph 7#a7 on ! curr5t /atus ( !     
,immigration ,c\rts & ! cont9u+ ne$ = ! 
tempor>y immigration judges or c\rt     
facilities4  7#c7 ,r$uction 9 res\rces &
 t]m9ation  7,a7 ,gradual r$uction 9    
res\rces ,! appellate division %all1    
ex]cis+ its au?ority en banc 9          
accordance ) section #fja7;b77#d71      
t]m9ate ! appo9tm5t ( individual        
tempor>y immigration judges & close     
individual tempor>y c\rt facilities z ! 
appellate division1 9 consultation ) !  

adm9i/rative c\ncil1 det]m9es !y are no 
long] requir$4 ,= purposes ( ?is        
subp>agraph1 section #fjb7;g7 does n    
apply4  7,b7 ,t]m9ation ,all tempor>y   
immigration judge appo9tm5ts %all be    
resc9d$ & all tempor>y c\rt facilities  
clos$ ^u ! e>lie/ (-- 7i7 ! date t !    
appellate division det]m9es1 9          
consultation ) ! adm9i/rative c\ncil1 t 
regul> c\rt res\rces are suffici5t to   
resume normal c\rt op]ations2  7ii7 !   
date t ,congress directs t su* actions  
be tak5 by concurr5t resolution2 or     
7iii7 #baj days aft] ! appellate        
division submits its initial report "u  
p>agraph 7#a77;,a71 unless ,congress    
ext5ds su* #baj-;day p]iod by law4      
#fjd4 ,jurisdiction  7a7 ,appellate     
division jurisdiction  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
appellate division ( ! ,immigration     
,c\rts %all h jurisdiction ov]-- 7,a7   
appeals ( immigration trial judge       
decisions1 z describ$ 9 section         
#fbe7;c72  7,b7 appeals ( decisions by !
 ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security on       

petitions fil$ "u section #bjd to       
classify an ali5 describ$ 9 section     
#bja7;b77#b77;,a77i7 or #bjc7;a72 &     
7,c7 orig9al proce$+s & appeals 9       
discipl9>y matt]s conc]n+ attorneys &   
practition]s be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts4
  7#b7 ,sav+s clause ,9 addition to !   
matt]s describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 !      
appellate division %all h jurisdiction  
to he> & decide all o!r matt]s ov] :i* !
 ,bo>d ( ,immigration ,appeals _h       
au?ority on ! day be=e ! application    
date describ$ 9 section #f7;a7 ( ! ,real
 ,c\rts1 ,rule ( ,law ,act ( #bjbd4  7b7
 ,trial division jurisdiction  7#a7 ,9  
g5]al ,! trial division ( ! ,immigration
 ,c\rts %all h orig9al jurisdiction     
ov]-- 7,a7 removal proce$+s z describ$ 9
 sections #bch & #bdj2  7,b7 review (   
rescissions ( lawful p]man5t resid5ce "u
 section #bdf2  7,c7 review ( cr$ible   
fe> det]m9ations "u section #bce &      
reasonable fe> det]m9ations = ali5s     
subject to re9/at$ ord]s ( removal "u   
section #bda2  7,d7 review (            

applications = asylum ref]r$ by !       
,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security :]e !     
applicant is b>r$ f be+ plac$ 9 removal 
proce$+s "u section #bdj1 & ref]rals =  
protection "u section #bda7;b77#c7 or ! 
,unit$ ,nations ,conv5tion ,aga9/       
,torture :]e ! individual is n 9 removal
 proce$+s & is b>r$ f asylum "u ?is     
,act2  7,e7 det]m9ations relat+ to bond1
 cu/ody1 or ! det5tion ( any ali5 9 !   
cu/ody ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel&          
,security2  7,f7 det]m9ations z to :e!r 
adm9i/rative actions aris+ f            
applications or petitions fil$ by or on 
behalf ( ! ali5 & t are p5d+ dur+ !     
c\rse ( ! ali5's removal proce$+s "u    
section #bdj h be5 unlawfully )held or  
unreasonably delay$2 &  7,g7 discipl9>y 
matt]s conc]n+ attorneys & practition]s 
be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts4  7#b7 ,sav+s
 clause ,9 addition to ! matt]s describ$
 9 p>agraph 7#a71 ! trial division %all 
h jurisdiction to he> & decide all o!r  
matt]s ov] :i* immigration judges _h    
au?ority on ! day be=e ! application    

date describ$ 9 section #f7;a7 ( ! ,real
 ,c\rts1 ,rule ( ,law ,act ( #bjbd4  ,b 
,proc$ure & ,appellate ,review  #fba4   
,proce$+s  7a7 ,trial division proce$+s 
7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9       
section #fjd7;a71 all proce$+s be=e !   
,immigration ,c\rts %all orig9ate 9 !   
trial division4 ,proce$+s be=e ! trial  
division %all be he>d & decid$ by a s+le
 immigration trial judge1 ) matt]s      
assign$ to su* judges 9 a mann] det]m9$ 
by ! appellate division4  7#b7 ,au?ority
 ( trial division ,9 presid+ ov] matt]s 
be=e ! trial division1 immigration trial
 judges may-- 7,a7 record & receive     
evid5ce1 adm9i/] oa?s1 exam9e &         
cross-exam9e witnesses1 set deadl9es1 & 
r5d] f9d+s ( fact & conclusions ( law2  
7,b7 r5d] decisions on respond5ts' prima
 facie & discretion>y eligibility =     
relief f removal2 &  7,c7 ord] & take   
depositions1 issue subpo5as requir+ !   
att5dance & te/imony ( witnesses & !    
production ( docum5ts or o!r evid5ce1 & 
ord] responses to writt5 int]rogatories4

  7b7 ,appellate division proce$+s  7#a7
 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ by rules    
e/abli%$ by ! appellate division1       
proce$+s be=e ! appellate division %all 
be he>d & decid$ by immigration appeals 
judges sitt+ 9 panels ( ?ree su* judges 
or en banc1 & decisions %all be made by 
majority vote4 ,any decision ( a panel  
may be reconsid]$ by ! c\rt sitt+ en    
banc4  7#b7 ,prec$5ce 9 appellate       
division ,! *ief judge ( ! ,immigration 
,c\rts %all h prec$5ce & preside at any 
session ( ! appellate division t su*    
judge att5ds4 ,o!r immigration appeals  
judges %all h prec$5ce & preside 9 !    
appellate division accord+ to ! s5iority
 ( _! orig9al commissions &1 = judges ^:
 commissions be> ! same date1 accord+ to
 s5iority 9 age4  7c7 ,contempt au?ority
  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,immigration judges %all
 h ! au?ority1 to sanction by civil     
money p5alty1 any individual ^: action  
or inaction ob/ructs ! adm9i/ration (   
ju/ice or is o!rwise 9 contempt ( !     
lawful au?ority ( su* judge or !        

,immigration ,c\rts4  7#b7 ,notice ,no  
individual may be sanction$ = contempt  
"u p>agraph 7#a7 )\t fir/ receiv+ notice
 ( ! *>ges & an opportunity to rebut su*
 *>ges4  7d7 ,assi/ance to ! c\rt ,!    
,immigration ,c\rts %all h su* assi/ance
 9 c>ry+ out its lawful writ1 process1  
ord]1 rule1 decree1 or comm&1 includ+   
nationwide s]vice ( a subpo5a1 z is     
available to a c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 z
 t t]m is def9$ 9 section #dea ( title  
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4 ,! ,unit$     
,/ates m>%al = a di/rict 9 :i* !        
immigration trial judge is sitt+ %all1  
if reque/$ by ! presid+ judge1 att5d any
 c\rt proce$+ 9 t di/rict1 & may o!rwise
 provide1 :5 reque/$ by ! *ief trial    
judge ( t immigration trial c\rt1 = !   
security ( ! immigration trial c\rt1    
includ+ ! p]sonal protection ( judges1  
c\rt (fic]s1 witnesses1 & o!r ?reat5$   
p]sons 9 ! int]e/s ( ju/ice1 :]e crim9al
 intimidation imp$es on ! function+ ( ! 
judicial process or any o!r (ficial     
proce$+4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>%als       

,s]vice reta9s f9al au?ority reg>d+     
security requirem5ts = ! ,immigration   
,c\rts4  7e7 ,op9ions & ord]s  7#a7 ,9  
g5]al ,op9ions & ord]s %all be issu$ 9  
accordance ) rules promulgat$ by !      
appellate division1 except t decisions  
on ! m]its ( an application or reque/ = 
relief f removal r5d]$ by ! trial       
division or ! appellate division %all1  
to ! greate/ ext5t practicable1 be issu$
 9 ! =m ( a writt5 op9ion & %all include
 an analysis ( ! facts ( ! case & !     
legal reason+ = ! decision4  7#b7       
,prec$5ts ,unless subsequ5tly modifi$ or
 rev]s$ by ! appellate division1 ! c\rt 
( appeals = ! respective judicial       
circuit1 or ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 prec$5t   
decisions ( ! appellate division %all be
 b9d+ on all immigration judges & all   
(fic]s & employees ( executive ag5cies  
7z def9$ 9 section #aje ( title #e1     
,unit$ ,/ates ,code7 ) p[]s1 functions1 
& duties "u ?is ,act & o!r laws relat+  
to ! immigration & naturalization (     
ali5s4  7f7 ,recusal ( judges ,section  

#dee ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1  
%all apply to all immigration judges &  
proce$+s ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts4  #fbb4
 ,immigration c\rts rules ( practice &  
proc$ure  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,ex]cis+ its en  
banc au?ority1 ! appellate division %all
 promulgate rules ( practice & proc$ure 
be=e ! trial division & ! appellate     
division1 includ+-- 7#a7 rules gov]n+ ! 
repres5tation ( p>ties1 :i* %all-- 7,a7 
provide = ! admission ( qualifi$        
attorneys to practice be=e !            
,immigration ,c\rts &1 z appropriate1 = 
! admission ( qualifi$ non-attorney     
repres5tatives2  7,b7 prescribe /&>ds ( 
practice & pr(essional conduct1 :i* %all
 apply to all attorneys & practition]s t
 appe> be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts2 &    
7,c7 provide = discipl9>y proce$+s be=e 
! ,immigration ,c\rts = attorneys &     
practition]s :o d n comply ) ! /&>ds    
describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b72  7#b7 rules
 gov]n+ ! ex]cise ( ! appellate         
division's en banc au?ority ov]         
adjudicative matt]s1 includ+ decisions (

 an appellate division panel2  7#c7     
rules sett+ =? ! types ( matt]s t are   
appropriate = review by a s+le appellate
 judge2  7#d7 subject to section        
#fba7;e71 rules gov]n+ ! issuance (     
op9ions & writt5 ord]s1 & prec$5t       
decisions2  7#e7 rules gov]n+ ! use (   
video teleconf]5c+ te*nology or o!r     
simil> te*nologies1 ) a presumption     
aga9/ ! use ( video teleconf]5c+ 9      
proce$+s :]e ! ali5's eligibility =     
relief f removal is be+ evaluat$1 unless
 reque/$ by ! ali52  7#f7 proc$ures1    
consi/5t ) section #fjb7;f77#b7 =       
receiv+1 inve/igat+1 & resolv+ compla9ts
 reg>d+ ! conduct ( immigration judges2 
&  7#g7 all o!r policies1 & proc$ures   
assign$ to ! appellate division z       
describ$ 9 ?is title4  7b7 ,local rules 
,ea* *ief trial judge may e/abli% local 
rules ( practice & proc$ure1 provid$ t--
 7#a7 su* rules are consi/5t ) !        
provisions ( ?is title2  7#b7 a majority
 ( immigration trial judges on !        
immigration trial c\rt ( t *ief judge   

concur to ! local rules2 &  7#c7 ! *ief 
judge approves ! local rules4  7c7      
,immigration c\rt fees  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!
 appellate division %all prescribe rules
 :i* provide = ! collection ( reasonable
 fil+ fees & o!r fees1 z appropriate4   
,ea* su* fee may n exce$ ! fee *>g$ &   
collect$ = ! same or a sub/antially     
simil> purpose by ! ,f$]al di/rict c\rts
 or ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& ,security4    
7#b7 ,waiv] ,rules promulgat$ by !      
appellate division %all include         
proc$ures "u :i* any su* fee may be     
waiv$ 9 ! case ( f9ancial h>d%ip4  7d7  
,publication ( rules & fees ,!          
adm9i/rative division %all ma9ta9 a     
public website t conta9s or consolidates
 curr5t in=mation on all rules & fees ( 
! ,immigration ,c\rts1 includ+ all local
 rules e/abli%$ "u ?is subsection4      
#fbc4 ,repres5tation ( p>ties & o!r     
assi/ance  7a7 ,"r to c\nsel ,9 any     
proce$+ be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts1 !   
p]son or p>ty conc]n$ %all h ! privilege
 ( be+ repres5t$ 7at no exp5se to !     

,gov]nm5t7 by su* c\nsel1 au?oriz$ to   
practice be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts1 (  
_! own *oos+4  7b7 ,int]pret]s ,!       
,immigration ,c\rts %all e/abli% a      
program to ensure ! use ( qualifi$      
int]pret]s 9 proce$+s be=e !            
,immigration ,c\rts4  7c7 ,legal        
ori5tation program ,! ,immigration      
,c\rts %all ma9ta91 ?r\gh agreem5ts )   
legal s]vices & o!r nonpr(it            
organizations1 a legal ori5tation       
program t expla9s ! ,c\rt's proc$ures & 
provides basic legal in=mation to       
individuals :o are or may become p>ties 
to proce$+s be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts4 
#fbd4 ,availability ( in=mation  7a7    
,publication ( prec$5t decisions        
,prec$5t decisions ( ! appellate        
division %all be publi%$ 9 su* =m &     
mann] z may be be/ adapt$ = public      
in=mation & use4  7b7 ,publication (    
non-,prec$5t decisions & records  7#a7  
,9 g5]al ,subject to p>agraph 7#b71 all 
non-prec$5t decisions ( ! ,immigration  
,c\rts & all briefs1 motions1 docum5ts1 

& exhibits receiv$ by su* c\rt 7includ+ 
he>+ transcripts7 %all be made available
 to ! public4  7#b7 ,confid5tial        
in=mation ,! ,immigration ,c\rts %all   
pres]ve ! confid5tiality ( in=mation    
relat+ to matt]s involv+ national       
security1 asylum & o!r =ms ( protection1
 & claims "u ! ,viol5ce ,aga9/ ,wom5    
,act 7,public ,law #ajc-cbb1 title ,,iv1
 #ajh ,/at4 #aijb71 z am5d$1 or any o!r 
applicable law4 ,! ,immigration ,c\rts  
may make any provision necess>y to      
prev5t ! disclosure ( confid5tial       
in=mation 9 its proce$+s & records1     
includ+ requir+ t su* in=mation be plac$
 "u seal to be op5$ only z direct$ by ! 
,immigration ,c\rts4  #fbe4 ,scope (    
review & appeals  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 any   
proce$+ be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts1 !   
immigration judge %all-- 7#a7 consid] de
 novo all con/itutional claims &        
que/ions ( law2 &  7#b7 compel          
adm9i/rative action on an application or
 petition fil$ by or on behalf ( ! ali5 
t is unlawfully )held or unreasonably   

delay$4  7b7 ,trial division proce$+s ,!
 decision ( an immigration trial judge  
%all be bas$ only on ! evid5ce produc$  
at ! he>+ & %all set =? ! judge's f9d+s 
( fact1 reason+ to support discretion>y 
det]m9ations1 & conclusions ( law4      
,immigration trial judges may take      
judicial notice ( commonly kn[n facts4  
7c7 ,review by appellate division  7#a7 
,9 g5]al ,9 consid]+ an appeal f an     
immigration trial judge decision1 !     
appellate division %all limit its review
 to ! scope ( issues rais$ on appeal &  
%all conduct its review ( ! decision    
bas$ on ! record ( proce$+s ( ! trial   
division4  7#b7 ,fact f9d+ ,aside f tak+
 judicial notice ( commonly kn[n facts1 
! appellate division %all n engage 9    
fact f9d+ 9 consid]+ an appeal ( an     
immigration trial judge decision1 & %all
 def] to ! factual f9d+s ( ! immigration
 trial judge unless su* f9d+s are       
*all5g$ & det]m9$ to be cle>ly errone\s4
  7d7 ,review by ! unit$ /ates c\rts (  
appeals ,a decision ( ! appellate       

division may be appeal$ by a p>ty to su*
 proce$+ & review$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
c\rt ( appeals = ! judicial circuit :]e9
 v5ue lies1 9 accordance ) section #bdb1
 z applicable4 ,if ! ,gov]nm5t appeals a
 decision pursuant to ?is subsection1 & 
! c\rt f9ds t ! ali5 p>ty to su* appeal 
is f9ancially unable to obta9 adequate  
repres5tation1 repres5tation = su* ali5 
%all be provid$ ?r\gh ! plan =          
repres5tation on appeal t is 9 effect "u
 section #cjjf;,a ( title #ah1 ,unit$   
,/ates ,code4  4  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t  
,! table ( cont5ts at ! beg9n+ ( !      
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aaja et seq47 is am5d$ by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new items3       
,,title ,,vi--,,unit$ ,,/ates           
,,immigration ,c,o,u,r,t,s,subtitle     
,a--,organization & ,jurisdiction,sec4  
#fja4 ,e/abli%m5t & /ructure4,sec4 #fjb4
 ,immigration appeals judges & trial    
judges4,sec4 #fjc4 ,tempor>y immigration
 judges & c\rt facilities4,sec4 #fjd4   
,jurisdiction4,subtitle ,b--,proc$ure & 

,appellate ,review,sec4 #fba4           
,proce$+s4,sec4 #fbb4 ,immigration c\rts
 rules ( practice & proc$ure4,sec4 #fbc4
 ,repres5tation ( p>ties & o!r          
assi/ance4,sec4 #fbd4 ,availability (   
in=mation4,sec4 #fbe4 ,scope ( review & 
appeals4  4  #c4 ,employees  7a7 ,cl]k (
 ! c\rt ,! *ief judge may appo9t1 &     
prescribe ! duties =1 a cl]k ( ! c\rt   
)\t reg>d to ! provisions ( title #e1   
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 gov]n+ appo9tm5ts 9
 ! competitive s]vice4  7b7 ,*amb]s /aff
 ,immigration judges may appo9t law     
cl]ks & secret>ies1 9 su* numb]s z !    
appellate division approves1 )\t reg>d  
to ! provisions ( title #e1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code1 gov]n+ appo9tm5ts 9 !     
competitive s]vice4  7c7 ,o!r c\rt /aff 
,! cl]k ( ! c\rt & ! *ief adm9i/rative  
(fic] may appo9t deputies & employees1 9
 su* numb]s z ! appellate division      
approves1 )\t reg>d to ! provisions (   
title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 gov]n+   
appo9tm5ts 9 ! competitive s]vice4  7d7 
,/aff sal>ies ,! appellate division may 

fix & adju/ ! rates ( basic pay = !     
cl]k1 ! *ief adm9i/rative (fic]1 & o!r  
employees ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts )\t   
reg>d to ! provisions ( *apt] #ea1      
sub*apt] ,,iii ( *apt] #ec1 or section  
#ecgc ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  
,to ! maximum ext5t feasible1 su*       
employees %all be comp5sat$ at rates    
consi/5t ) ^? = employees hold+         
comp>able positions 9 ! judicial bran*4 
7e7 ,pref]5ce eligibles ,9 mak+         
appo9tm5ts "u subsections 7a7 ?r\gh 7c71
 pref]5ce %all be giv51 among equally   
qualifi$ p]sons1 to p]sons :o are       
pref]5ce eligible 7z def9$ 9 section    
#bajh7c7 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates      
,code74  7f7 ,exp]ts & consultants ,!   
,immigration ,c\rts may procure !       
s]vices ( exp]ts & consultants z provid$
 "u section #caji ( title #e1 ,unit$    
,/ates ,code4  #d4 ,budget & exp5ditures
  7a7 ,c\rt budget ,= ea* fiscal ye>1 ! 
budget ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts %all be  
e/abli%$ by ! ,immigration ,c\rts1 )\t  
review or modification by ! executive   

bran*1 & %all be includ$ 9 ! budget ( ! 
,presid5t z submitt$4  7b7 ,p]missible  
c\rt exp5ditures  7#a7 ,! ,immigration  
,c\rts may make su* exp5ditures 7includ+
 exp5ditures = p]sonal s]vices & r5t at 
! seat ( ,gov]nm5t & else:]e1 & = law   
books1 books ( ref]5ce1 & p]iodicals7 z 
may be necess>y to execute effici5tly ! 
judicial & adm9i/rative functions ve/$ 9
 ! ,c\rts4  7#b7 ,! ,immigration ,c\rts 
may receive & exp5d funds appropriat$ to
 ! ,c\rts = purposes ( p>agraph 7#a7    
ei!r-- 7,a7 directly1 or  7,b7 by       
transf] to-- 7i7 ! ,director ( !        
,adm9i/rative ,(fice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates  
,c\rts1  7ii7 ano!r c\rt e/abli%$ "u    
article ,i ( ! ,con/itution1 or  7iii7  
an executive ag5cy z def9$ 9 section    
#aje ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1   
to cov] ! exp5se ( su* adm9i/rative     
support & guidance 7includ+ budget>y &  
f9ancial1 payroll & p]sonnel1 protective
 & security1 recordkeep+ & /ati/ical1 & 
in=mation te*nology s]vices7 z ! ,c\rt  
may reque/ & ! ,director1 c\rt1 or ag5cy

 may agree to provide f "t to "t4  7c7  
,me?od & s\rce ( exp5ditures ,all       
exp5ditures ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts %all
 be all[$ & paid ^u pres5tation (       
itemiz$ v\*]s sign$ by ! c]tify+ (fic]  
designat$ by ! *ief judge4  #e4 ,annual 
report  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an ,april 
#a ( ea* ye>1 ! *ief judge %all submit  
to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,h\se
 ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on !  
,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate1 a report summ>iz+ 
! workload ( ! ,immigration ,c\rts = !  
prec$+ fiscal ye>4  7b7 ,cont5ts ,!     
report describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 %all   
conta9-- 7#a7 demographic in=mation1    
includ+ ! age1 g5d]1 & nationality (    
respond5ts appe>+ be=e ! ,immigration   
,c\rts1 & rates at :i* su* respond5ts   
are repres5t$ by c\nsel2  7#b7 outcomes 
( removal proce$+s1 includ+ grant rates 
= immigration relief1 disaggregat$ by   
geographical area & immigration trial   
judge2  7#c7 outcomes ( bond he>+s1     
disaggregat$ by geographical area &     
immigration trial c\rt2  7#d7 ! numb] ( 

cases curr5tly p5d+ be=e ! trial &      
appellate divisions ( ! ,immigration    
,c\rts1 & ! *ange 9 su* numb] f ! prior 
fiscal ye>2  7#e7 ! av]age numb] ( days 
= :i* a respond5t waits to h _! case    
he>d1 disaggregat$ by geographical area2
 &  7#f7 any in=mation reque/$ by !     
,committees nam$ 9 subsection 7a71      
provid$ su* reque/ is timely &          
reasonable4  #f4 ,application date2     
transitional provisions  7a7            
,application date ,! ,immigration ,c\rts
 may n beg9 to ex]cise ! functions ( !  
c\rts "u ?is ,act & ! am5dm5ts made by  
?is ,act until ! date 7= purposes ( ?is 
,act1 ref]r$ to z ! application date7 t 
is-- 7#a7 7,a7 ! fir/ day ( ! fir/ full 
fiscal ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t (   
?is ,act1 if su* date is #ahj days or m 
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 or   
7,b7 ! fir/ day ( ! second full fiscal  
ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1
 if ! fir/ day ( ! fir/ full fiscal ye> 
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act is    
less ?an #ahj days aft] ! date (        

enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 &  7#b7 ! date on  
:i* #c or m immigration appeals judges h
 be5 duly appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t1 9     
accordance ) proc$ures set =? 9 section 
#f7;c7 ( ?is ,act & #fja7;b77#b7 ( !    
,immigration & ,nationality ,act1 z add$
 by ?is ,act4  7b7 ,transition p]iod &  
appo9tm5t ( int]im immigration trial    
judges  7#a7 ,transition p]iod ,!       
transition p]iod describ$ 9 ?is section 
%all be ! #d-ye> p]iod beg9n+ on !      
application date ( ?is ,act4  7#b7      
,int]im immigration trial judges  7,a7  
,9 g5]al ,ea* individual s]v+ z an      
immigration judge 9 ! ,executive ,(fice 
= ,immigration ,review on ! date t is ! 
day be=e ! application date ( ?is ,act  
%all become an int]im immigration trial 
judge4  7,b7 ,au?ority ( int]im         
immigration trial judges ,int]im        
immigration judges %all h ! au?ority to 
ex]cise all p[]s ( an immigration trial 
judge z provid$ 9 title ,,vi ( !        
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #fja et seq474  7,c7 ,t]m (   

s]vice ,an int]im immigration trial     
judge may s]ve until ! transition p]iod 
has end$ & a successor is appo9t$1 or = 
a p]iod n to exce$ #e ye>s1 :i*ev] is   
%ort]4 ,an o!rwise qualifi$ int]im judge
 may be appo9t$ z an immigration trial  
judge4  7,d7 ,cr$it & eligibility =     
b5efits ,s]vice z an int]im immigration 
trial judge %all be includ$ 9 ! same    
mann] z s]vice z an immigration trial   
judge = purposes ( calculat+ s]vice     
cr$it1 retirem5t eligibility1 &         
disability4  7,e7 ,sep>ation ,no?+ 9 ?is
 ,act or ! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act may
 be con/ru$ to-- 7i7 preclude an int]im 
immigration trial judge :o is n appo9t$ 
= a t]m appo9tm5t by ! appellate        
division "u section #fja7;c77#b7 ( !    
,immigration & ,nationality ,act1 z add$
 by ?is ,act1 f eligibility = appo9tm5t 
z an adm9i/rative judge1 adm9i/rative   
law judge1 & = attorney positions 9     
ag5cies ?r\gh\t ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2 or  
7ii7 make an int]im immigration judge   
describ$ 9 clause 7i7 ineligible = e>ly 

retirem5t pursuant to section           
#hccf7;d77#b77;,d7 or #hdad7;b77#a77;,b7
 ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code4  7c7  
,fir/ appo9tm5ts to ! unit$ /ates       
immigration c\rts  7#a7 ,appellate      
division  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,not)/&+ section
 #fja7;b77#b77;,b7 ( ! ,immigration &   
,nationality ,act z add$ by ?is ,act1 ! 
fir/ #ba immigration appeals judges     
appo9t$ %all s]ve = ! foll[+ t]ms3 7i7  
,! t]ms ( ! fir/ #g immigration appeals 
judges appo9t$ %all t]m9ate on ! date t 
is #e ye>s aft] ! date describ$ 9       
subsection 7a74  7ii7 ,! t]ms ( ! next  
#g immigration appeals judges appo9t$   
aft] ! judges ref]r$ to 9 clause 7i7    
%all t]m9ate on ! date t is #aj ye>s    
aft] ! date describ$ 9 subsection 7a74  
7iii7 ,! t]ms ( ! next #g immigration   
appeals judges appo9t$ aft] ! judges    
ref]r$ to 9 clause 7ii7 %all t]m9ate on 
! date t is #ae ye>s aft] ! date        
describ$ 9 subsection 7a74  7,b7        
,succession ,ea* immigration appeals    
judge describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 may   

cont9ue to s]ve aft] ! expiration ( !   
designat$ t]m if su* judge is reappo9t$ 
9 accordance ) section #fja7;b77#b77;,b7
 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act z 
add$ by ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,trial division 
,n lat] ?an #ahj days be=e ! transition 
p]iod has end$1 ! appellate division    
%all e/abli% proc$ures & requirem5ts    
relat$ to ! appo9tm5t ( immigration     
trial judges4  7#c7 ,cl>ification       
,not)/&+ p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#b7 & section
 #fja ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality   
,act1 z add$ by ?is ,act1 any individual
 appo9t$ to fill an immigration trial   
judge vacancy dur+ ! transition p]iod   
describ$ 9 subsection 7b77#a7 %all s]ve 
only until ! transition p]iod has end$ &
 until a successor is appo9t$ 9         
accordance ) section #fjb ( !           
,immigration & ,nationality ,act1 b n m 
?an #a ye> aft] ! end ( ! transition    
p]iod4  7d7 ,prior s]vice cr$it  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,! p]iod t a cov]$ immigration   
judge :o elects to receive retir$ pay "u
 section #fjb ( ! ,immigration &        

,nationality ,act1 z add$ by ?is ,act1  
s]ves z a memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,immigration
 ,appeals1 an immigration judge1 or an  
adm9i/rative law judge 9 ! ,executive   
,(fice = ,immigration ,review ( !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 %all be includ$1 up
 to a maximum ( #e ye>s1 9 ! s]vice (   
su* individual on ! ,immigration ,c\rts 
= purposes ( comput+ ! ye>s ( s]vice z  
an immigration judge4  7#b7 ,cov]$      
immigration judge def9$ ,9 ?is          
subsection1 ! t]m cov]$ immigration     
judge means-- 7,a7 an immigration       
appeals judge appo9t$ "u section        
#fja7;b7 ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality
 ,act1 z add$ by ?is ,act2  7,b7 an     
immigration trial judge appo9t$ "u      
section #fja7;c7 ( ! ,immigration &     
,nationality ,act1 z add$ by ?is ,act2  
or  7,c7 an int]im immigration trial    
judge "u subsection 7b77#b7 ( ?is       
section4  #g4 ,in/itutional transf]2    
cont9uity ( proce$+s  7a7 ,exi/+ prec$5t
  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,prec$5tial decisions by
 ! ,attorney ,g5]al or ! ,bo>d (        

,immigration ,appeals "u title ,,ii ( ! 
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aaea et seq47 t 7 issu$ be=e 
! application date ( ?is ,act %all      
cont9ue to s]ve z prec$5t 9 proce$+s    
be=e ! ,immigration ,c\rts unless       
explicitly ov]rul$ by su* c\rt4  7#b7   
,rules ,to ! ext5t t su* rules are      
consi/5t ) ?is ,act1 ! rules ( !        
,attorney ,g5]al t 7 9 effect be=e !    
application date ( ?is ,act1 %all rema9 
9 effect until am5d$ or revok$ by !     
appellate division4  7b7 ,in/itutional  
transf]  7#a7 ,executive (fice =        
immigration review  7,a7 ,9 g5]al       
,except z provid$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b71   
all functions "u ! ,executive ,(fice =  
,immigration ,review on ! date t is !   
day be=e ! application date ( ?is ,act  
are transf]r$ to ! ,immigration ,c\rts  
on ! application date ( ?is ,act4  7,b7 
,exceptions  7i7 ,,ocaho ,! ,(fice ( !  
,*ief ,adm9i/rative ,he>+ ,(fic] & !    
functions ( ! ,executive ,(fice =       
,immigration ,review t support su* (fice

 %all rema9 "u ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4   
7ii7 ,o!r functions ,! functions ( !    
,executive ,(fice = ,immigration ,review
 t are n necess>y or appropriate =      
transf] to ! ,immigration ,c\rts %all be
 reassign$ to o!r ag5cies )9 ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,ju/ice or dissolv$ at ! discretion (
 ! ,attorney ,g5]al4  7#b7 ,transf] &   
allocation ( appropriations & p]sonnel  
,except z provid$ 9 ?is section1 !      
p]sonnel ( ! ,executive ,(fice =        
,immigration ,review employ$ 9          
connection ) ! functions transf]r$ by   
?is section1 & ! assets1 liabilities1   
contracts1 prop]ty1 records1 & unexp5d$ 
balance ( appropriations1 au?orizations1
 allocations1 & o!r funds employ$1 held1
 us$1 aris+ f1 available to1 or to be   
made available to1 ! ,executive ,(fice =
 ,immigration ,review1 9 connection ) ! 
functions transf]r$ by ?is section1     
subject to section #bjb ( ! ,budget &   
,acc\nt+ ,proc$ures ,act ( #aiej1 %all  
be transf]r$ to ! ,immigration ,c\rts on
 ! application date ( ?is ,act4         

,unexp5d$ funds transf]r$ pursuant to   
?is p>agraph %all be us$ only = !       
purposes = :i* ! funds 7 orig9ally      
au?oriz$ & appropriat$4  7#c7 ,p5d+     
cases  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! enactm5t ( ?is  
,act %all n result 9 any loss ( rights  
or p[]s1 int]ruption ( jurisdiction1 or 
prejudice to matt]s "u title ,,ii ( !   
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aaea et seq47 :i* are p5d+   
be=e ! ,bo>d ( ,immigration ,appeals or 
an immigration judge on ! application   
date ( ?is ,act4  7,b7 ,transf] ,all    
proce$+s "u title ,,ii ( ! ,immigration 
& ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aaea 
et seq47 :i* are p5d+ be=e ! ,bo>d (    
,immigration ,appeals or an immigration 
judge on ! application date ( ?is ,act  
%all be transf]r$ to ! ,immigration     
,c\rts to proce$ be=e ! trial division  
or ! appellate division z appropriate4  
#h4 ,review by ! ,judicial ,conf]5ce2   
consultation requirem5ts ,! ,judicial   
,conf]5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all conduct
 a review ( adjudications 9 ! ,unit$    

,/ates ,immigration ,c\rts at lea/ once 
e #d ye>s1 z "p ( its compreh5sive      
survey ( bus9ess 9 ! c\rts ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates conduct$ pursuant to title #bh1  
section #cca4 ,at ! conclusion ( its    
review1 ! ,judicial ,conf]5ce %all      
submit a report ( its f9d+s to !        
appellate division & ! ,committee on !  
,judici>y ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & 
! ,committee on ! ,judici>y ( ! ,s5ate4 
,! ,committees %all cause to h su*      
report pr9t$ 9 ! ,congressional ,record4
  #i4 ,te*nical & con=m+ provisions  7a7
 ,9 g5]al ,! ,immigration & ,nationality
 ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja et seq47 is   
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 section #aja7;b71 by     
am5d+ p>agraph 7#d7 to read z foll[s3   
7#d7 ,! t]m immigration judge means an  
immigration appeals judge or immigration
 trial judge appo9t$ to s]ve 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates ,immigration ,c\rts e/abli%$ "u  
title ,,vi4  2  7#b7 9 section          
#bch7;a77#a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,attorney  
,g5]al & ins]t+ ,immigration ,c\rts2 &  
7,b7 by /rik+ ,s]vice & ins]t+ ,dep>tm5t

 ( ,homel& ,security2  7#c7 9 section   
#bch7;a77#b71 by /rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al 
ea* place su* t]m appe>s & ins]t+       
,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security2  7#d7 9  
section #bch7;a77#c7-- 7,a7 by am5d+    
subp>agraph 7,a7 to read z foll[s3  7,a7
 ,not)/&+ any o!r provision ( law1 9 !  
case ( any ali5 convict$ ( an aggravat$ 
felony1 removal proce$+s1 & any         
adm9i/rative appeals !re(1 %all be      
complet$1 to ! ext5t possible1 be=e !   
ali5's release f inc>c]ation = ! und]ly+
 aggravat$ felony4  2 &  7,b7 9         
subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ ,attorney    
,g5]al & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&     
,security2  7#e7 9 section              
#bch7;a77#d77;,a7 by /rik+ ,attorney    
,g5]al ea* place x appe>s & ins]t+      
adm9i/rative c\ncil ( ! ,immigration    
,c\rts2  7#f7 9 section #bch7;b77#a7 by 
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+         
immigration judge2  7#g7 9 section      
#bch7;b77#c7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,attorney  
,g5]al & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&     
,security2 &  7,b7 by /rik+ apply = &   

ins]t+ seek2  7#h7 9 section #bch7;b7 by
 am5d+ p>agraph 7#d7 to read z foll[s-- 
7#d7 ,9 any proce$+ "u ?is subsection-- 
7,a7 ! ali5 %all-- 7i7 be giv5          
reasonable notice ( ! *>ges & ( !       
opportunity describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,c72
  7ii7 h ! privilege ( be+ repres5t$ 7at
 no exp5se to ! gov]nm5t7 by su* c\nsel1
 au?oriz$ to practice 9 su* proce$+s1 z 
! ali5 %all *oose2 &  7iii7 h a         
reasonable opportunity to inspect !     
evid5ce & rebut ! *>ges2 &  7,b7 !      
immigration judge %all ensure t-- 7i7 a 
det]m9ation is made = ! record t !      
individual ^u :om ! notice = ! proce$+  
"u ?is section is s]v$ 7ei!r 9 p]son or 
by mail7 is1 9 fact1 ! ali5 nam$ 9 su*  
notice2 &  7ii7 a record is ma9ta9$ =   
judicial review4  2  7#i7 9 section     
#bch7;b77#e7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ ,attorney  
,g5]al & ins]t+ immigration judge2 &    
7,b7 by /rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al's &      
ins]t+ immigration judge's2  7#aj7 by   
r$esignat+ ! second subsection 7c7 (    
section #bch z subsection 7d7 & 9 !     

newly designat$ subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 by
 /rik+ ,commission] 9 ea* place su* t]m 
appe>s & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&     
,security2  7,b7 by /rik+ ,attorney     
,g5]al 9 ea* place su* t]m appe>s &     
ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security2 & 
7,c7 by /rik+ ,s]vice 9 p>agraph        
7#b77;,a7 & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&  
,security2  7#aa7 9 section #bci7;a7 by 
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al 9 ea* place su*  
t]m appe>s & ins]t+ ,immigration ,c\rts2
  7#ab7 9 section #bci7;b77#b7 by /rik+ 
,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+ ,immigration  
,c\rts2  7#ac7 9 section #bci7;b77#c7 by
 /rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+        
immigration judge2  7#ad7 9 section     
#bci7;d77#a7 by /rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al &
 ins]t+ immigration judge2  7#ae7 9     
section #bdj7;b7-- 7,a7 by /rik+        
p>agraphs 7#a7 & 7#f72  7,b7 by         
r$esignat+ p>agraphs 7#b7 ?r\gh 7#e7 z  
p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#d71 respectively2
  7,c7 by r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#g7 z    
p>agraph 7#e72  7,d7 by am5d+ p>agraph  
7#a7 z r$esignat$ by ?is p>agraph to    

read z foll[s3  7#a7 ,=m ( proce$+ ,!   
proce$+ may take place-- 7,a7 9 p]son2  
or  7,b7 ?r\gh video conf]5ce1 subject  
to rules promulgat$ "u section          
#fbb7;a77#e74  2  7,e7 9 p>agraph 7#b7 z
 r$esignat$ by ?is p>agraph1 by /rik+   
,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+ immigration   
judge2  7,f7 9 p>agraph 7#c7 z          
r$esignat$ by ?is p>agraph-- 7i7 9 !    
matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by /rik+ 
1 "u regulations ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al2 &
  7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 by /rik+ 1 at 
no exp5se to ! ,gov]nm5t1 by c\nsel ( ! 
ali5's *oos+ :o is au?oriz$ to practice 
9 su* proce$+s & ins]t+ 9 accordance )  
section #fbc7;a72 &  7,g7 9 p>agraph    
7#d77;,a7 z r$esignat$ by ?is p>agraph--
 7i7 by /rik+ ,s]vice & ins]t+          
,gov]nm5t2 &  7ii7 by am5d+ ! la/ s5t5ce
 to read z foll[s3 ,writt5 notice %all  
be consid]$ suffici5t = purposes ( ?is  
subp>agraph if provid$ at ! mo/ rec5t   
address provid$ "u section              
#bci7;a77#a77;,f742  7#af7 9 section    
#bdj7;c77#b71 9 ! matt] foll[+          

subp>agraph 7,b71 by /rik+ ,attorney    
,g5]al & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&     
,security2  7#ag7 9 section             
#bdj7;c77#c7-- 7,a7 by /rik+ s]vice 9 ! 
head+ & ins]t+ gov]nm5t2 &  7,b7 by     
/rik+ ,s]vice 9 ea* place su* t]m appe>s
 & ins]t+ ,gov]nm5t2  7#ah7 9 section   
#bdj7;c77#g77;,c77iv77,,ii7-- 7,a7 by   
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+         
immigration judge2 &  7,b7 by /rik+     
,immigration & ,naturalization ,s]vice &
 ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security2  
7#ai7 9 section                         
#bdj7;c77#g77;,c77iv77,,iii7-- 7,a7 by  
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+         
immigration judge2 &  7,b7 by /rik+     
,attorney ,g5]al's & ins]t+ immigration 
judge's2  7#bj7 9 section #bdj7;d7 by   
am5d+ ! fir/ s5t5ce to read z foll[s3   
,an immigration judge may ent] an ord] (
 removal /ipulat$ to by ! ali5 7or !    
ali5's repres5tative7 & ! ,gov]nm5t42   
7#ba7 9 section #bdb7;a77#b77;,a7 by    
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al 9 ea* place su*  
t]m appe>s & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel& 

,security2  7#bb7 9 section             
#bdb7;a77#b77;,b77ii71 by /rik+         
,attorney ,g5]al ea* place x appe>s &   
ins]t+ ! appellate division ( !         
,immigration ,c\rts2  7#bc7 9 section   
#bdb7;a71 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3    
7#f7 ,v5ue ,= purposes ( judicial review
 "u ?is section & section #fbe7;d71 !   
v5ue ( a proce$+ be=e ! c\rt ( appeals  
is 9 ! judicial circuit 9 :i*-- 7,a7 an 
immigration trial judge ( ! ,immigration
 ,c\rt issu$ ! orig9al und]ly+ decision 
9 ! matt]2 or  7,b7 ! und]ly+           
adm9i/rative action review$ by !        
appellate division ( ! ,c\rt occurr$4  2
  7#bd7 9 section #bdb7;b77#b7 by ins]t+
 trial aft] immigration2  7#be7 9       
section #bdb7;b77#c77;,a7-- 7,a7 by     
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce &
 ins]t+ ,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7,b7 by am5d+ 
! second s5t5ce to read z foll[s3 ,!    
petition %all be s]v$ on ! ,attorney    
,g5]al & on ! (fic] or employee ( !     
,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& ,security 9 *>ge ( !
 di/rict 9 :i* ! f9al ord] ( removal "u 

section #bdj 0 ent]$42  7#bf7 9 section 
#bdb7;b77#d77;,d7 by /rik+ ,attorney    
,g5]al's & ins]t+ immigration judge's2  
7#bg7 9 section #bdb7;b77#h7 by /rik+   
,attorney ,g5]al 9 ea* place su* t]m    
appe>s & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&     
,security2  7#bh7 9 section             
#bdb7;e77#b77;,c7 by /rik+ z prescrib$  
by ! ,attorney ,g5]al2  7#bi7 9 section 
#bdb7;e77#c77;,a77ii7 by /rik+ ,attorney
 ,g5]al & ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel&    
,security2  7#cj7 9 section #bdb7;g7 by 
/rik+ ,attorney ,g5]al & ins]t+         
,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security2 &  7#ca7 
9 section #bdf7;a7-- 7,a7 by /rik+      
,attorney ,g5]al ea* place x appe>s &   
ins]t+ ,secret>y ( ,homel& ,security2 & 
7,b7 by /rik+ ! second s5t5ce & ins]t+ !
 foll[+3 ,^u reque/ ( ! individual ^:   
/atus has be5 resc9d$1 ! ,secret>y (    
,homel& ,security %all ref] su*         
rescission to ! ,unit$ ,/ates           
,immigration ,c\rts = review 9          
accordance ) section #fjd7;b77#a77;,b744
  7b7 ,con/ruction ( exi/+ ref]5ces ,to 

! ext5t consi/5t ) ?is ,act1 ea* ref]5ce
 9 ! ,immigration & ,nationality ,act   
7#h ,u4,s4,c4 et seq471 or 9 any rule   
prescrib$ !reund]-- 7#a7 to ! ,bo>d (   
,immigration ,appeals or an immigration 
judge1 or any adm9i/rative appeal1 he>+1
 review1 or o!r proce$+ be=e su* ,bo>d  
or judge1 %all be deem$ to ref]1 z      
appropriate1 to ! ,unit$ ,/ates         
,immigration ,c\rts e/abli%$ "u title   
,,vi ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality    
,act1 z add$ by ?is ,act1 to !          
appropriate division ( ! ,c\rt1 or to ! 
correspond+ proce$+s "u ?is ,act be=e   
su* ,c\rt2 &  7#b7 to ! au?ority ( !    
,attorney ,g5]al to prescribe rules )   
respect to ! ,executive ,(fice =        
,immigration ,review1 ! ,bo>d (         
,immigration ,appeals1 immigration      
judges1 or adm9i/rative appeals1 he>+s1 
reviews1 or o!r proce$+s conduct$ "u !  
,immigration & ,nationality ,act1 by su*
 ,(fice1 ,bo>d1 or judges1 %all be deem$
 to conf] rulemak+ au?ority on !        
appellate division ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    

,immigration ,c\rts e/abli%$ 9 title    
,,vi ( ! ,immigration & ,nationality    
,act1 z add$ by ?is ,act4  7c7 ,f9ancial
 disclosure report+ ,section #aji ( !   
,e?ics 9 ,gov]nm5t ,act ( #aigh 7#e     
,u4,s4,c4 ,app47 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9      
p>agraph 7#h71 by ins]t+ ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,immigration ,c\rts1 aft] ,c\rt (
 ,appeals = ,vet]ans ,claims12 &  7#b7 9
 p>agraph 7#aj71 by ins]t+ ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,immigration ,c\rts1 aft] ,c\rt (      
,appeals = ,vet]ans ,claims14