,i  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #gbef  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,febru>y #f1 #bjbd,mr4
 ,james 7= himself & ,mr4 ,mosk[itz7    
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs  ,a    
,,bill  ,to require a full review ( !   
bilat]al relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$    
,/ates & ,s\? ,africa4  #a4 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,u4,s4-,s\?   
,africa ,bilat]al ,relations ,review    
,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !      
foll[+3 7#a7 ,! actions ( ! ,african    
,national ,congress 7,,anc71 :i* s9ce   
#aiid has held a gov]n+ majority &      
controll$ ,s\? ,africa's executive      
bran*1 are inconsi/5t ) its publicly    
/at$ policy ( nonalignm5t 9 int]national
 affairs4  7#b7 ,9 contra/ to its /at$  
/ance ( nonalignm5t1 ! ,s\? ,african    
,gov]nm5t has a hi/ory ( sid+ ) malign  
actors1 includ+ ,hamas1 a ,u4,s4        
designat$ ,=eign ,t]rori/ ,organization 
& a proxy ( ! ,iranian regime1 &        
cont9ues to pursue clos] ties ) ! ,p's  

,republic ( ,*9a 7,,prc7 & ! ,russian   
,f$]ation4  7#c7 ,! ,s\? ,african       
,gov]nm5t's support ( ,hamas dates back 
to #aiid1 :5 ! ,,anc fir/ came into p[]1
 tak+ a h>dl9e /ance ( consi/5tly accus+
 ,israel ( practic+ ap>!id4  7#d7       
,foll[+ ,hamas' unprovok$ & unprec$5t$  
horr5d\s attack on ,israel on ,octob]   
#g1 #bjbc1 :]e ,hamas t]rori/s kill$ &  
kidnapp$ hundr$s ( ,israelis1 memb]s ( !
 ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t & lead]s ( !   
,,anc h deliv]$ a v>iety ( antisemitic &
 anti-,israel-relat$ /atem5ts & actions1
 includ+-- 7,a7 on ,octob] #g1 #bjbc1   
,s\? ,africa's ,=eign ,m9i/ry releas$ a 
/atem5t express+ conc]n ( escalat+      
viol5ce1 urg+ ,israel's re/ra9t 9       
response1 & implicitly blam+ ,israel =  
provok+ ! attack ?r\gh cont9u$ illegal  
occupation ( ,pale/9e l&1 cont9u$       
settlem5t expansion1 desecration ( ! ,al
 ,aqsa ,mosque & ,*ri/ian holy sites1 & 
ongo+ oppression ( ! ,pale/9ian p2  7,b7
 on ,octob] #h1 #bjbc1 ! ,,anc's        
national spokesp]son1 ,mahl5gi          

,bh5gu-,motsiri1 said ( ! deva/at+      
,hamas attack1 ! decision by ,pale/9ians
 to respond to ! brutality ( ! settl]   
,israeli ap>!id regime is unsurpris+2   
7,c7 on ,octob] #ad1 #bjbc1 ,presid5t   
,cyril ,ramaphosa ( ,s\? ,africa1 accus$
 ,israel ( g5ocide 9 /atem5ts dur+ a    
pro-,pale/9ian rally2  7,d7 on ,octob]  
#ag1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign ,m9i/] 
,nal$i ,p&or accept$ a call ) ,hamas    
,lead] ,ismail ,haniyeh2  7,e7 on       
,octob] #bb1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,african ,=eign
 ,m9i/] ,nal$i ,p&or visit$ ,tehran &   
met ) ,presid5t ,raisi ( ! ,islamic     
,republic ( ,iran1 :i* is actively fund+
 ,hamas2  7,f7 on ,novemb] #g1 #bjbc1 9 
a p>liam5t>y address ,=eign ,m9i/] ,p&or
 call$ = ! ,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt 
to *>ge ,israeli ,prime ,m9i/] ,b5jam9  
,netanyahu ) w> crimes2  7,g7 on        
,novemb] #ag1 #bjbc1 ,s\? ,africa1 along
 ) #d o!r c\ntries1 submitt$ a jo9t     
reque/ to ! ,int]national ,crim9al ,c\rt
 = an inve/igation into w> crimes be+   
committ$ 9 ! ,pale/9ian t]ritories2 &   

7,h7 on ,decemb] #bi1 #bjbc1 ,s\?       
,africa fil$ a politically motivat$ suit
 9 ! ,int]national ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice      
wrongfully accus+ ,israel ( committ+    
g5ocide4  7#e7 ,! ,s\? ,african         
,gov]nm5t has pursu$ increas+ly close   
relations ) ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 :i*   
has be5 accus$ ( p]petrat+ w> crimes 9  
,ukra9e & indiscrim9ately und]m9es human
 rights4 ,s\? ,africa's robu/           
relation%ip ) ,russia spans ! milit>y & 
political space1 includ+-- 7,a7 all[+ a 
,unit$ ,/ates-sanction$ ,russian c>go   
%ip1 ! ,lady ,r1 to dock & transf] arms 
at a ,s\? ,african naval base 9 ,decemb]
 #bjbb2  7,b7 ho/+ (f%ore naval         
ex]cises1 entitl$ ,op]ation ,mosi ,,ii1 
c>ri$ out jo9tly ) ! ,,prc & ,russia1   
betwe5 ,febru>y #ag & #bg1 #bjbc1       
correspond+ ) ! #a-ye> anniv]s>y (      
,russia's unju/ifi$ & unprovok$ invasion
 ( ,ukra9e2  7,c7 au?oriz+ a ,unit$     
,/ates-sanction$ ,russian milit>y c>go  
airplane to l& at a ,s\? ,african ,air  
,=ce ,base2  7,d7 r5eg+ on its initial  

call = ! ,russian ,f$]ation to          
imm$iately )draw its =ces f ,ukra9e &   
actively seek+ improv$ relations )      
,mosc[ s9ce ,febru>y #bjbb2 &  7,e7     
dispat*+ multiple high-level (ficial    
delegations to ,russia to fur!r         
political1 intellig5ce1 & milit>y       
coop]ation4  7#f7 ,s\? ,african         
,gov]nm5t int]actions ) ! ,,prc         
,gov]nm5t & ,,anc int]actions ) ! ,*9ese
 ,communi/ ,p>ty 7,,ccp71 :o are        
committ+ gross violations ( human rights
 9 ! ,x9jiang prov9ce & implem5t        
economically co]cive tactics ar\nd !    
globe1 und]m9e ,s\? ,africa's democratic
 con/itutional sy/em ( gov]nance1 z     
exemplifi$ 9-- 7,a7 ongo+ ,,anc & ,,ccp 
int]-p>ty coop]ation1 especially ) !    
fundam5tal incompatibility betwe5 !     
civil & democratic rights gu>ante$ 9    
,s\? ,africa's ,con/itution & ! ,,ccp's 
r\t9e suppression ( free expression &   
individual rights2  7,b7 ! recruitm5t ( 
=m] ,unit$ ,/ates & ,,nato fight] pilots
 to tra9 ,*9ese ,p's ,lib]ation ,army   

pilots at ! ,te/ ,fly+ ,academy ( ,s\?  
,africa :i* ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce add$ 
to ! ,entity ,li/ on ,june #ab1 #bjbc2  
7,c7 ,s\? ,africa's ho/+ ( #f ,,prc     
,gov]nm5t-back$ & ,,ccp-l9k$ ,confucius 
,in/itutes1 a type ( entity t a ,,ccp   
(ficial *>act]iz$ z an important "p ( ! 
,,ccp's ext]nal propag&a /ructure1 ! mo/
 ( any c\ntry 9 ,africa2  7,d7 ,s\?     
,africa's p>ticipation 9 a political    
tra9+ s*ool op5$ 9 ,tanzania fund$ by ! 
,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty :]e x tra9s      
political memb]s ( ! rul+ lib]ation     
movem5ts 9 six ,s\!rn ,african c\ntries4
 ,! s*ool in/ills ,,ccp ideology into ! 
next-g5]ation ( ,african lead]s &       
attempts to export ! ,,ccp's sy/em (    
p>ty-run au?orit>ian gov]nance to !     
,african cont95t2  7,e7 coop]ation ) !  
,,prc "u ! ,,prc's global ,belt & ,road 
,initiative :i*1 :ile trade &           
infra/ructure-focus$1 is design$ to exp&
 ,,prc global economic1 political1 &    
security sector-relat$ influ5ce2 &  7,f7
 ! widespread pres5ce 9 ,s\? ,africa's  

m$ia & te*nology sectors ( ,,prc /ate   
l9k$ firms t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has        
re/rict$ due to ?reats to national      
security1 includ+ ,huawei ,te*nologies1 
,,zte & ,hikvision1 :i* place ,s\?      
,african sov]eignty at risk & facilitate
 ! ,,ccp's export ( its model (         
digitally aid$ au?orit>ian gov]nance    
und]p9n$ by cyb] controls1 social       
monitor+1 propag&a1 & surveillance4     
7#g7 ,! ,,anc-l$ ,s\? ,african ,gov]nm5t
 has a hi/ory ( sub/antially mismanag+ a
 range ( /ate res\rces & has (t5 prov5  
incapable ( effectively deliv]+ public  
s]vices1 ?reat5+ ! ,s\? ,african p & !  
,s\? ,african economy1 z illu/rat$ by-- 
7,a7 ,presid5t ,cyril ,ramaphosa's      
,febru>y #i1 #bjbc1 decl>ation ( a      
national /ate ( disa/] ov] ! wors5+1    
multi-ye> p[] crisis caus$ by ! ,,anc's 
*ronic mismanagem5t ( ! /ate-own$ p[]   
company ,eskom1 result+ f endemic1      
high-level corruption2  7,b7 ! p]si/5ce 
( ,s\? ,african /ate-own$ railway       
company ,transnet's insuffici5t         

capacity1 :i* has disrupt$ rail         
op]ations & h9d]$ m9+ companies' export 
( iron ore1 coal1 & o!r commodities1 9  
"p due to malfeasance & corruption by   
=m] ,transnet (ficials2  7,c7 an on-go+ 
outbreak ( *ol]a1 ! wor/ 9 #ae ye>s1 :i*
 is due 9 "p to ! ,s\? ,african         
,gov]nm5t's disease prev5tion failures1 
z ,presid5t ,ramaphosa admitt$ on ,june 
#i1 #bjbc1 includ+ a failure to provide 
clean wat] to h\seholds2 &  7,d7 rampant
 /ate capture1 t em]g$ & grew dur+ !    
adm9i/ration ( =m] ,presid5t ,jacob     
,zuma & has damag$ ,s\? ,africa's       
int]national /&+ & pr(\ndly und]m9$ !   
rule ( law1 cont9ues to negatively      
impact ! economic developm5t prospects &
 liv+ /&>ds ( ! ,s\? ,african p :ile    
deeply damag+ public tru/ 9 /ate        
gov]nance4  #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is 
! s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7 x is 9 !    
national security int]e/ ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates to det] /rategic political &     
security coop]ation & in=mation %>+ ) ! 
,,prc & ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 p>ticul>ly

 any =m ( coop]ation t may aid or abet  
,russia's illegal w> ( aggression 9     
,ukra9e or its int]national /&+ or      
influ5ce2 &  7#b7 ! ,,anc's =eign policy
 actions h long ceas$ to reflect its    
/at$ /ance ( nonalignm5t1 & n[ directly 
favor ! ,,prc1 ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 &  
,hamas1 a kn[n proxy ( ,iran1 & !reby   
und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates national security 
& =eign policy int]e/s4  #d4            
,presid5tial c]tification ( det]m9ation 
) respect to s\? africa  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n
 lat] ?an #cj days aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t1 9     
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate & !  
,secret>y ( ,def5se1 %all c]tify to !   
appropriate congressional committees &  
release publicly an unclassifi$         
det]m9ation explicitly /at+ :e!r ,s\?   
,africa has engag$ 9 activities t       
und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates national security 
or =eign policy int]e/s4  7b7           
,accompany+ report ,! c]tification      
requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all be       
accompani$ by an unclassifi$ report     

submitt$ to ! appropriate congressional 
committees1 ) a classifi$ annex if      
necess>y1 provid+ ! ju/ification = !    
det]m9ation4  #e4 ,full review ( !      
bilat]al relation%ip  7a7 ,bilat]al     
relation%ip review ,! ,presid5t1 9      
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 !   
,adm9i/rator ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ag5cy = 
,int]national ,developm5t1 ! ,secret>y (
 ,def5se1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,ambassador to
 ,s\? ,africa1 & ! heads ( o!r dep>tm5ts
 & ag5cies t play a sub/antial role 9   
,unit$ ,/ates relations ) ,s\? ,africa1 
%all conduct a compreh5sive review ( !  
bilat]al relation%ip betwe5 ! ,unit$    
,/ates & ,s\? ,africa4  7b7 ,report on  
f9d+s ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date 
( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,presid5t %all 
submit to ! appropriate congressional   
committees a report t includes ! f9d+s (
 ! review requir$ by subsection 7a74    
#f4 ,def9itions  7a7 ,,anc ,! t]m ,,anc 
means ! ,african ,national ,congress4   
7b7 ,,prc ,! t]m ,,prc means ! ,p's     
,republic ( ,*9a4  7c7 ,,ccp ,! t]m     

,,ccp means ! ,*9ese ,communi/ ,p>ty4   
7d7 ,appropriate congressional          
committees ,! t]m appropriate           
congressional committees means-- 7#a7 ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives2 &  7#b7 ! ,committee 
on ,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate4