,i  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #fidc  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(          
,,repres5tatives  ,janu>y #aj1 #bjbd,ms4
 ,salaz> 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,dean (        
,p5nsylvania1 ,mr4 ,moran1 ,mr4         
,morelle1 & ,mr4 ,wittman7 introduc$ !  
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill    
,to provide = individual prop]ty rights 
9 lik5ess & voice4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is
 ,act may be cit$ z ! ,no ,artificial   
,intellig5ce ,fake ,replicas ,&         
,unau?oriz$ ,duplications ,act ( #bjbd  
or z ! ,no ,,ai ,,fraud ,act4  #b4      
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t rec5t           
advancem5ts 9 artificial intellig5ce    
7,,ai7 te*nology & ! developm5t (       
deepfake s(tw>e h adv]sely affect$      
individuals' ability to protect _! voice
 & lik5ess f misappropriation1 includ+3 
7#a7 ,on or ar\nd ,april #d1 #bjbc1 ,,ai
 te*nology 0 us$ to create ! song titl$ 
,he>t on ,my ,sleeve1 emulat+ ! voices (
 record+ arti/s ,drake & ,! ,weeknd4 ,x 
report$ly receiv$ m ?an #aa million     

views4  7#b7 ,on or ar\nd ,octob] #a1   
#bjbc1 ,,ai te*nology 0 us$ to create a 
false endorsem5t featur+ ,tom ,hanks'   
face 9 an adv]tisem5t = a d5tal plan4   
7#c7 ,f ,octob] #af to #bj1 #bjbc1 ,,ai 
te*nology 0 us$ to create false1        
noncons5sual intimate images ( high     
s*ool girls 9 ,we/field1 ,new ,j]sey4   
7#d7 ,9 fall #bjbc1 ,,ai te*nology 0 us$
 to create ! song titl$ ,demo #e3       
no/algia1 manipulat+ ! voices ( ,ju/9   
,bieb]1 ,daddy ,yankee & ,bad ,bunny4 ,x
 report$ly receiv$ #bb million views on 
,tik ,tok & #a4b million views on       
,you,tube4  7#e7 ,a ,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& 
,security report titl$ ! ,increas+      
,?reat ( ,deepfake ,id5tities /ates t z 
( ,octob] #bjbj1 rese>*]s _h report$ m  
?an #ajj1jjj comput]-g5]at$ fake nude   
images ( wom5 creat$ )\t _! cons5t or k4
  7#f7 ,accord+ to ,pew ,rese>* ,c5t]1  
approximately #fc p]c5t ( ,am]ican say  
made-up or alt]$ videos create confusion
 ab\t ! basic facts ( curr5t issues4    
#c4 ,lik5ess & voice rights  7a7        

,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,! t]m    
individual means a human be+1 liv+ or   
dead4  7#b7 ,! t]m digital depiction    
means a replica1 imitation1 or          
approximation ( ! lik5ess ( an          
individual t is creat$ or alt]$ 9 :ole  
or 9 "p us+ digital te*nology4  7#c7 ,! 
t]m p]sonaliz$ clon+ s]vice means an    
algori?m1 s(tw>e1 tool1 or o!r          
te*nology1 s]vice1 or device ! prim>y   
purpose or function ( :i* is to produce 
"o or m digital voice replicas or       
digital depictions ( p>ticul>1 id5tifi$ 
individuals4  7#d7 ,! t]m digital voice 
replica means an audio r5d]+ t is creat$
 or alt]$ 9 :ole or 9 "p us+ digital    
te*nology & is fix$ 9 a s\nd record+ or 
audiovisual "w :i* includes             
replications1 imitations1 or            
approximations ( an individual t !      
individual did n actually p]=m4  7#e7 ,!
 t]m voice means s\nds 9 any m$ium      
conta9+ ! actual voice or a simulation (
 ! voice ( an individual1 :e!r record$  
or g5]at$ by comput]1 artificial        

intellig5ce1 algori?m1 or o!r digital   
te*nology1 s]vice1 or device1 to ! ext5t
 t ! individual depict$ or simulat$ is  
readily id5tifiable f ! s\nd ( ! voice  
or simulation ( ! voice1 or f o!r       
in=mation display$ 9 connection !re)4   
7#f7 ,! t]m lik5ess means ! actual or   
simulat$ image or lik5ess ( an          
individual1 reg>dless ( ! means (       
creation1 t is readily id5tifiable z !  
individual by virtue ( ! individual's   
face1 lik5ess1 or o!r di/+ui%+          
*>act]i/ic1 or f o!r in=mation display$ 
9 connection ) ! lik5ess4  7#g7 ,! t]m  
digital te*nology means a te*nology or  
device n[ kn[n or h]eaft] creat$ su* z  
comput] s(tw>e1 artificial intellig5ce1 
ma*9e le>n+1 quantum comput+1 or o!r    
simil> te*nologies or devices4  7b7     
,prop]ty ,"r 9 ,lik5ess & voice  7#a7 ,9
 g5]al ,e individual has a prop]ty "r 9 
_! own lik5ess & voice4  7#b7 ,ext5t ,! 
rights provid$ = 9 p>agraph 7#a7        
con/itute intellectual prop]ty rights & 
are freely transf]able & desc5dible1 9  

:ole or 9 "p1 & d n expire ^u ! dea? ( !
 individual1 :e!r or n su* rights 7     
comm]cially exploit$ by ! individual    
dur+ ! individual's lifetime4  7#c7     
,transf]ability ,! rights provid$ = 9   
p>agraph 7#a7 %all be exclusive to !    
individual1 subject to ! transf] ( su*  
rights z provid$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71 dur+  
su* individual's lifetime & to !        
executors1 heirs1 transf]ees1 or        
devisees = a p]iod ( t5 ye>s aft] ! dea?
 ( ! individual1 & %all be t]m9at$ by-- 
7,a7 pro( ( ! non-use ( ! lik5ess or    
voice ( any individual = comm]cial      
purposes by an executor1 transf]ee1     
heir1 or devisee to su* use = a p]iod ( 
two ye>s subsequ5t to ! initial t5-ye>  
p]iod foll[+ ! individual's dea?2 or    
7,b7 ! dea? ( all executors1 transf]ees1
 heirs1 or devisees4  7#d7 ,validity (  
use ,an agreem5t au?oriz+ ! use ( a     
digital depiction or digital voice      
replica = a new p]=mance ( ! individual 
9 an adv]tisem5t or expressive "w %all  
be valid only if-- 7,a7 ! applicable    

individual 0-- 7i7 repres5t$ by c\nsel 9
 ! transaction & ! agreem5t 0 9 writ+2 &
  7ii7 #ah ye>s ( age or old] at ! "t ( 
entry into ! agreem5t1 or1 if "u #ah    
ye>s ( age at t "t1 ! agreem5t is       
approv$ by a c\rt 9 accordance )        
applicable ,/ate law2 or  7,b7 ! t]ms ( 
! agreem5t are gov]n$ by a collective   
b>ga9+ agreem5t4  7c7 ,unau?oriz$       
,simulation ( voice or lik5ess  7#a7 ,9 
g5]al ,any p]son or entity :o1 9 a mann]
 affect+ int]/ate or =eign comm]ce 7or  
us+ any means or facility ( int]/ate or 
=eign comm]ce71 & )\t cons5t ( !        
individual hold+ ! voice or lik5ess     
rights affect$ !reby-- 7,a7 di/ributes1 
transmits1 or o!rwise makes available to
 ! public a p]sonaliz$ clon+ s]vice2    
7,b7 publi%es1 p]=ms1 di/ributes1       
transmits1 or o!rwise makes available to
 ! public a digital voice replica or    
digital depiction ) k t ! digital voice 
replica or digital depiction 0 n        
au?oriz$ by ! individual hold+ ! voice  
or lik5ess rights affect$ !reby2 or     

7,c7 mat]ially contributes to1 directs1 
or o!rwise facilitates any ( ! conduct  
proscrib$ 9 subp>agraph 7,a7 or 7,b7 ) k
 t ! individual hold+ ! affect$ voice or
 lik5ess rights has n cons5t$ to !      
conduct1  %all be liable = damages z set
 =? 9 p>agraph 7#b74  7#b7 ,rem$ies ,9  
any action br\ght "u ?is section1 !     
foll[+ %all apply3 7,a7 ,! p]son or     
entity :o violat$ ! section %all be     
liable to ! injur$ p>ty or p>ties 9 an  
am\nt equal to ! great] (-- 7i7 9 ! case
 ( an unau?oriz$ di/ribution1           
transmission1 or o!r mak+ available ( a 
p]sonaliz$ clon+ s]vice1 fifty ?\s&     
doll>s 7#ej1jjj7 p] violation or !      
actual damages suff]$ by ! injur$ p>ty  
or p>ties z a result ( ! unau?oriz$ use1
 plus any pr(its f ! unau?oriz$ use t   
are attributable to su* use & are n tak5
 into acc\nt 9 comput+ ! actual damages2
 &  7ii7 9 ! case ( an unau?oriz$       
publication1 p]=mance1 di/ribution1     
transmission1 or o!r mak+ available ( a 
digital voice replica or digital        

depiction1 five ?\s& doll>s 7#e1jjj7 p] 
violation or ! actual damages suff]$ by 
! injur$ p>ty or p>ties z a result ( !  
unau?oriz$ use1 plus any pr(its f !     
unau?oriz$ use t are attributable to su*
 use & are n tak5 into acc\nt 9 comput+ 
! actual damages4  7,b7 ,9 e/abli%+     
pr(its "u ?is subdivision1 ! injur$ p>ty
 or p>ties %all be requir$ only to      
pres5t pro( ( ! gross rev5ue            
attributable to ! unau?oriz$ use1 & !   
p]son or entity :o violat$ ?is section  
%all be requir$ to prove 8 or h] exp5ses
 d$uctible !refrom4  7,c7 ,punitive     
damages & reasonable attorneys' fees may
 also be aw>d$ to ! injur$ p>ty or      
p>ties4  7,d7 ,x %all n be a def5se to  
an allegation ( a violation ( p>agraph  
7#a7 t ! unau?oriz$ us] display$ or     
o!rwise communicat$ to ! public a       
disclaim] /at+ t ! digital depiction1   
digital voice replica1 or p]sonaliz$    
clon+ s]vice 0 unau?oriz$ or t !        
individual rights own] did n p>ticipate 
9 ! creation1 developm5t1 di/ribution1  

or dissem9ation ( ! unau?oriz$ digital  
depiction1 digital voice replica1 or    
p]sonaliz$ clon+ s]vice4  7,e7 ,an      
action to en=ce ?is section may be      
br\ght by-- 7i7 ! individual ^: voice or
 lik5ess is at issue2  7ii7 any o!r     
p]son or entity to :i* ! individual has 
assign$ or exclusively lic5s$ _! voice  
or lik5ess rights2 or  7iii7 9 ! case ( 
an individual :o p]=ms music z a        
pr(ession1 & has n au?oriz$ ! use at    
issue1 by any p]son or entity t has     
ent]$ into a contract = ! individual's  
exclusive p]sonal s]vices z a record+   
arti/ or an exclusive lic5se to         
di/ribute s\nd record+s t capture !     
individual's audio p]=mances4  7d7 ,fir/
 ,am5dm5t def5se ,fir/ ,am5dm5t         
protections %all con/itute a def5se to  
an alleg$ violation ( subsection 7c74 ,9
 evaluat+ any su* def5se1 ! public      
int]e/ 9 access to ! use %all be balanc$
 aga9/ ! intellectual prop]ty int]e/ 9 !
 voice or lik5ess4 ,factors to be       
consid]$ may include :e!r-- 7#a7 ! use  

is comm]cial2  7#b7 ! individual ^:     
voice or lik5ess is at issue is necess>y
 = & relevant to ! prim>y expressive    
purpose ( ! "w 9 :i* ! use appe>s2 &    
7#c7 ! use competes ) or o!rwise        
adv]sely affects ! value ( ! "w ( ! own]
 or lic5see ( ! voice or lik5ess rights 
at issue4  7e7 ,limitation  7#a7 ,9     
g5]al ,a p]son or entity :o uses an     
individual's voice or lik5ess 9 a mann] 
t violates subsection 7c7 %all n be     
liable if ! h>m caus$ by su* conduct is 
negligible4  7#b7 ,h>m ,= purposes ( ?is
 section1 ! t]m h>m includes-- 7,a7     
f9ancial or physical injury1 or an      
elevat$ risk ( su* injury1 to any p]son 
^: voice or lik5ess rights are affect$  
by ! conduct at issue2  7,b7 sev]e      
emotional di/ress ( any p]son ^: voice  
or lik5ess is us$ )\t cons5t2 &  7,c7 a 
likelihood t ! use deceives ! public1 a 
c\rt1 or tribunal4  7#c7 ,p] se h>m ,any
 digital depiction or digital voice     
replica :i* includes *ild sexual abuse  
mat]ial1 is sexually explicit1 or       

includes intimate images con/itutes h>m4
  7#d7 ,balance ( equities ,except :5   
p>agraph 7#c7 applies1 alleg$ h>ms %all 
be weigh$ aga9/-- 7,a7 :e!r ! individual
 ^: voice or lik5ess is at issue is     
necess>y = & relevant to ! prim>y       
expressive purpose ( ! "w 9 :i* ! use   
appe>s2  7,b7 :e!r ! use is             
trans=mative2 &  7,c7 :e!r ! use        
con/itutes con/itutionally protect$     
comm5t>y on a matt] ( public conc]n4    
7f7 ,limitations ,p]iod ,no civil action
 %all be ma9ta9$ "u ! provisions ( ?is  
,act unless x is comm5c$ )9 f\r ye>s    
aft] ! p>ty seek+ to br+ ! claim        
discov]$1 or ) due dilig5ce %\ld h      
discov]$1 ! violation4  7g7 ,no         
,preemption ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be    
con/ru$ to limit any rights an          
individual may h "u any o!r law provid+ 
protections aga9/ ! unau?oriz$ use ( an 
individual's "n1 voice1 or lik5ess4  7h7
 ,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is   
,act1 or ! application !re(1 is held    
invalid1 ! validity ( ! rema9d] ( ?is   

,act & ! application ( su* provision to 
o!r p]sons & circum/ances %all n be     
affect$ !reby4  7i7 ,con/ruction ,no?+ 9
 ?is ,act %all alt] ! application by a  
c\rt ( ,fir/ ,am5dm5t protections 9 !   
ev5t su* a def5se is ass]t$ to          
subsection 7c74  7j7 ,application ,?is  
section %all be consid]$ to be a law    
p]ta9+ to intellectual prop]ty = !      
purposes ( section #bcj7;e77#b7 ( !     
,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg       
,u4,s4,c4 #bcj7;e77#b774  7k7 ,effective
 date ,?is ,act %all be effective #ahj  
days aft] ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & %all 
apply reg>dless ( :e!r ! individual has 
di$ be=e su* effective date4