,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #fhej  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #ai1         
#bjbc,mr4 ,de,saulnier 7= himself1 ,ms4 
,norton1 & ,ms4 ,titus7 introduc$ !     
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,transportation &         
,infra/ructure1 & 9 addition to !       
,committee on ,sci5ce1 ,space1 &        
,te*nology1 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly 
det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* case =      
consid]ation ( su* provisions z fall )9 
! jurisdiction ( ! committee conc]n$  ,a
 ,,bill  ,to improve te*nology & address
 human factors 9 aviation safety1 & =   
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,safe ,l&+s ,act4  #b4 
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7   
,giv5 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates enjoys an       
exceptionally safe aviation sy/em ) an  
exce$+ly l[ frequ5cy ( airl9e accid5ts1 
ef=ts to improve aviation safety %\ld   
exam9e nonaccid5t safety incid5ts = all 
possible insights4  7#b7 ,aviation      
safety %\ld n be tak5 = grant$1 & ev5 ) 

s few accid5ts1 ! ,u4,s4 ,a]ospace      
,sy/em %\ld proactively address safety  
conc]ns t em]ge f our dynamic & evolv+  
economic conditions1 te*nology1 aviation
 indu/ry1 & o!r factors4  7#c7 ,prev5t+ 
accid5ts f occurr+ 9 ! airport runway   
environm5t rema9s an objective requir+  
cont9u$ ef=t1 & incid5ts ( runway       
confusion1 def9$ z ! subset ( runway    
incursions 9 :i* an aircraft            
un9t5tionally takes (f or l&s on a      
taxiway or incorrect runway1 %\ld be    
c>efully monitor$1 review$1 & /udi$ =   
insights to improve safety4  7#d7 ,:ile 
te*nology cont9ues to advance & new     
opportunities to use te*nology to       
address safety risks 9 aviation are     
exam9$ & pursu$1 ! evolv+ role (        
te*nology & ! exp&+ use ( automation    
%\ld n be us$ z ju/ification to dim9i%  
att5tion to & prioritization ( ! human  
contribution to aviation safety4 ,!     
aviation indu/ry & ! ,gov]nm5t mu/      
ensure t tra9+ programs = flight crews &
 o!r p]sonnel are appropriately evolv+1 

t tra9+ /&>ds & expectations rema9      
rigor\s1 & t risks & conc]ns associat$ )
 ! int]action betwe5 humans1 te*nology1 
& automat$ sy/ems are id5tifi$1 /udi$1 &
 address$ 9 a timely mann]4  #c4        
,implem5tation ( ,,ntsb recomm5dations  
7a7 ,,ntsb recomm5dation  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,! ,adm9i/rator %all implem5t !         
recomm5dation ( ! ,national             
,transportation ,safety ,bo>d numb]$ z  
,a-#ah-be & issu$ on ,octob] #aa1 #bjah1
 &1 n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! enactm5t ( 
?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all issue to  
,congress a report on ! /atus ( !       
implem5tation4  7#b7 ,consid]ation ,9   
implem5t+ ?is recomm5dation1 !          
,adm9i/rator %all consid] any relevant  
f9d+s id5tifi$ pursuant to section #ccd 
( ! ,,faa ,reau?orization ,act ( #bjah  
7,public ,law #aae-bed74  7b7 ,pilot    
al]ts ,! ,adm9i/rator %all-- 7#a7       
collaborate ) aircraft & avionics       
manufactur]s1 labor organizations       
repres5t+ pilots op]at+ "u "p #aba (    
title #ad1 ,code ( ,f$]al ,regulations1 

& s(tw>e develop]s to develop !         
te*nology = a cockpit sy/em t provides  
an al]t to pilots :5 an airplane is n   
align$ ) ! int5d$ runway surface2  7#b7 
once su* te*nology describ$ 9 p>agraph  
7#a7 is available1 e/abli% a requirem5t 
= ! te*nology to be in/all$ on aircraft 
op]at+ "u "p #aba ( title #ad1 ,code (  
,f$]al ,regulations1 l&+ at airports )9 
,class ,b & ,class ,c airspace & c]tifi$
 "u "p #aci ( title #ad1 ,code ( ,f$]al 
,regulations2  7#c7 9 e/abli%+ !        
requirem5t z describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b71  
consid] any relevant f9d+s id5tifi$     
pursuant to section #ccd ( ! ,,faa      
,reau?orization ,act ( #bjah 7,public   
,law #aae-bed72 &  7#d7 n lat] ?an #a   
ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1  
issue to ,congress a report on !        
progress ( ! "w describ$ 9 p>agraph     
7#a74  #d4 ,inve/igations = cov]$ ev5ts 
7a7 ,9 g5]al ,once implem5tation (      
section #c7;a7 ( ?is ,act is complete1 !
 ,national ,transportation ,safety ,bo>d
 may initiate inve/igations ( cov]$     

ev5ts to det]m9e risk factors specific  
to ! airport at :i* su* an ev5t occurr$ 
& o!r elem5ts ( ! ,national ,airspace   
,sy/em t may contribute to ! cause ( !  
ev5t4 ,! ,national ,transportation      
,safety ,bo>d may also elect to consid] 
multiple ev5ts 9 a s+le report z "p ( a 
special inve/igation or /udy to exam9e  
safety factors contribut+ to ^! ev5ts4  
7b7 ,cont5t ,! review & analysis %all   
exam9e factors pres5t at ! "t ( any     
cov]$ ev5t at su* airport1 includ+--    
7#a7 *all5ges pilots p]ceive :5 fly+    
into & out ( ! airport2  7#b7 *all5ges t
 air traffic controll]s face :5 work+ at
 ! airport2  7#c7 *>act]i/ics ( !       
communications among & betwe5 gr\ps (   
p]sonnel ^: "w relates to ! movem5t (   
aircraft into & out ( ! airport includ+ 
pilots1 air traffic controll]s1         
ma9t5ance work]s1 dispat*]s1 & airl9e   
airport op]ations p]sonnel2 &  7#d7     
physical *>act]i/ics ( ! airport & its  
facilities1 su* z ! configuration (     
runways1 taxiways1 runway light+1 &     

con/ruction activity4  7c7 ,protection (
 in=mation ,individuals involv$ 9 any   
mann] 9 an inve/igation describ$ 9 ?is  
section may reque/ t ! ,bo>d take su*   
action z appropriate to protect f public
 disclosure any in=mation t readily     
id5tifies su* individual4 ,! ,bo>d may  
)hold ! in=mation if ! ,bo>d det]m9es t 
! in=mation may be )held "u an exemption
 "u section #eeb ( title #e1 ,unit$     
,/ates ,code1 & ! publication ( su*     
in=mation is n 9 ! public int]e/4  #e4  
,/udy on human factors & aviation safety
  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,national ,academies (
 ,sci5ce1 ,eng9e]+1 & ,m$ic9e %all1 9   
collaboration ) o!r relevant ,f$]al     
in/itutions & ag5cies1 conduct a /udy on
 ! role ( human factors 9 high-risk     
pr(essions1 includ+ aviation4  7b7      
,report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date (
 enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,national       
,academies %all submit to ! ,committee  
on ,transportation & ,infra/ructure &   
,committee on ,education & ,work=ce ( ! 
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee  

on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation 
& ! ,committee on ,heal?1 ,education1   
,labor & ,p5sions ( ! ,s5ate a report on
 ! results ( ! /udy requir$ "u          
subsection 7a71 includ+ be/ practices t 
c be implem5t$ across all high-risk     
pr(essions1 includ+ )9 ! aviation       
indu/ry1 to r$uce risk involv$ ) human  
factors4  #f4 ,task ,=ce on ,human      
,factors 9 ,aviation ,safety  7a7 ,9    
g5]al ,n lat] ?an #f mon?s aft] ! date (
 enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !
 ,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration %all    
conv5e a task =ce on human factors 9    
aviation safety 79 ?is section ref]r$ to
 z ! ,task ,=ce74  7b7 ,composition ,!  
,task ,=ce %all consi/ ( memb]s appo9t$ 
by ! ,adm9i/rator & hav+ exp]tise 9 an  
op]ational or academic discipl9e t is   
relevant to ! analysis ( human errors 9 
aviation4 ,! numb] ( memb]s %all be     
det]m9$ by ! ,adm9i/rator to ensure     
suffici5t repres5tation ( relevant      
op]ational & academic discipl9es4  7c7  
,duration  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,memb]s ( !    

,task ,=ce %all be appo9t$ = ! l5g? ( ! 
exi/5ce ( ! ,task ,=ce4  7#b7 ,l5g? (   
exi/5ce  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,task ,=ce    
%all h an initial l5g? ( exi/5ce ( #b   
ye>s4  7,b7 ,option ,! ,adm9i/rator may 
ex]cise an option to l5g!n ! duration ( 
! exi/5ce ( ! ,task ,=ce = a p]iod ( #b 
ye>s4  7d7 ,discipl9es ,= purposes (    
subsection 7b71 discipl9es may include  
air c>ri] op]ations1 l9e pilot exp]tise1
 air traffic control1 te*nical          
op]ations1 a]onautical in=mation1       
aircraft ma9t5ance & me*anics psy*ology1
 l+ui/ics1 human-ma*9e integration1     
g5]al aviation op]ations1 &             
organizational behavior & culture4  7e7 
,exp]tise  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,no less ?an   
half ( ! memb]s %all h exp]tise 9       
aviation4  7#b7 ,additional exp]tise ,! 
,task ,=ce %all include memb]s )        
exp]tise on human factors b ^: exp]i5ce 
& tra9+ are n 9 aviation specifically & 
:o h n previ\sly be5 engag$ 9 "w relat$ 
to ! ,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration or !
 aviation indu/ry4 ,! ,task ,=ce %all   

also include pilot labor organizations1 
c]tificat$ me*anic labor organizations1 
& ! exclusive b>ga9+ repres5tative ( !  
air traffic controll]s c]tifi$ "u       
section #gaaa ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates 
,code4  7f7 ,f$]al ,aviation            
,adm9i/ration memb]s  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n m
 ?an #d memb]s may be employees ( !     
,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration &        
,national ,transportation ,safety ,bo>d1
 exclud+ repres5tatives ( ! labor       
repres5tatives ( employees ( ! air      
traffic control sy/em4 ,n m ?an #b      
memb]s may be employees ( ! ,national   
,transportation ,safety ,bo>d4 ,! ,f$]al
 ,aviation ,adm9i/ration & ! ,national  
,transportation ,safety ,bo>d memb]s    
%all be non-vot+4  7#b7 ,f$]al ,aviation
 ,adm9i/ration employees ,any memb] :o  
is an ,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration    
employee %all h exp]tise 9 safety4  7g7 
,duties ,9 coord9ation ) ! ,rese>*1     
,eng9e]+1 & ,developm5t ,advisory       
,committee e/abli%$ "u section #ddejh ( 
title #di1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 ! ,task 

,=ce %all-- 7#a7 n lat] ?an ! date on   
:i* ! ,task ,=ce is no long] 9 exi/5ce1 
produce a writt5 report t--  7,a7 to !  
greate/ ext5t possible1 id5tifies ! mo/ 
significant human factors & ! relative  
contribution ( su* factors to aviation  
safety risk2  7,b7 id5tifies new rese>* 
priorities = rese>* 9 human factors 9   
aviation safety2  7,c7 reviews exi/+    
products by o!r work+ gr\ps relat$ to   
human factors 9 aviation safety includ+ 
! ,comm]cial ,aviation ,safety ,team    
7,,ca/7's "w p]ta9+ to flight crew      
responses to abnormal ev5ts2  7,d7      
provides recomm5dations on pot5tial     
revisions to any ,f$]al ,aviation       
,adm9i/ration regulations & guidance    
p]ta9+ to ! c]tification ( aircraft "u  
"p #be ( title #ad1 ,code ( ,f$]al      
,regulations1 includ+ sections relat$ to
 presum$ pilot response times &         
assumptions ab\t ! reliability ( pilot  
p]=mance dur+ unexpect$1 /ressful ev5ts2
  7,e7 reviews rules1 regulations1 or   
/&>ds reg>d+ flight crew re/ & fatigue1 

z well z ma9t5ance p]sonnel re/ &       
fatigue1 t are us$ by a sample (        
int]national air c>ri]s1 includ+ ^?     
deem$ to be m /r+5t & less /r+5t ?an !  
curr5t /&>ds p]ta9+ to ,unit$ ,/ates air
 c>ri]s1 & id5tify risks to ! ,national 
,airspace ,sy/em f any su* v>iation 9   
/&>ds across c\ntries2  7,f7 reviews    
pilot tra9+ requirem5ts & recomm5d any  
revisions necess>y to ensure adequate   
und]/&+ ( automat$ sy/ems on aircraft2  
7,g7 reviews approa* & l&+ misalignm5t &
 make any recomm5dations = improv+ ^!   
ev5ts2  7,h7 id5tifies ways to enhance  
in/rum5t l&+ sy/em ma9t5ance s*$ules z  
well z o!r relevant te*nology sy/ems t  
facilitate safe l&+s t are jo9tly us$ by
 air traffic controll]s1 pilots1 &      
,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration          
te*nicians1 det]m9es h[ a real-"t sm>t  
sy/em %\ld be develop$ t in=ms ! ,air   
,traffic ,control ,sy/em1 ,airl9es1 &   
,airports ab\t any *anges 9 ! /ate (    
runway & taxiway lights1 & id5tifies h[ 
?is sy/em c\ld be connect$ to ! ,f$]al  

,aviation ,adm9i/ration's ma9t5ance     
sy/em2  7,i7 analyzes1 ) respect to     
human errors relat$ to aviation safety (
 "p #aba air c>ri]s-- 7i7 fatigue &     
di/raction dur+ critical phases ( "w    
among pilots or o!r aviation p]sonnel2  
7ii7 tasks & workload2  7iii7           
organizational culture2  7iv7           
communication among p]sonnel2  7v7      
adh]5ce to safety proc$ures2  7vi7 m5tal
 fitness ( p]sonnel2 &  7vii7 any o!r   
relevant factors t affect human p]=mance
 or are ! cause or pot5tial cause (     
human error relat$ to aviation safety2  
7,j7 includes a tabulation ( ! numb] (  
accid5ts1 incid5ts1 or aviation safety  
database entries receiv$ 9 :i* an item  
id5tifi$ "u subp>agraph 7,i7 0 a cause  
or pot5tial cause ( human error relat$  
to aviation safety2 &  7,k7 includes a  
li/ ( causes or pot5tial causes ( human 
error relat$ to aviation safety ab\t :i*
 ! ,adm9i/rator believes additional     
in=mation is ne$$2 &  7#b7 if !         
,secret>y ex]cises ! option describ$ 9  

subsection 7c77#b77;,b71 n lat] ?an !   
date t is #b ye>s aft] ! date (         
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,task ,=ce1 produce an   
int]im report conta9+ ! in=mation       
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a74  7h7          
,me?odology  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,to complete 
! report "u subp>agraphs 7,i7 ?r\gh 7,k7
 ( subsection 7g77#a71 ! ,task ,=ce %all
 consult ) ! ,national ,transportation  
,safety ,bo>d & use all available data  
compil$ & analysis conduct$ on safety   
incid5ts & irregul>ities collect$ dur+ !
 relevant fiscal ye>s f ! foll[+3  7,a7 
,flight ,op]ations ,quality ,assurance4 
7,b7 ,aviation ,safety ,action ,program4
  7,c7 ,aviation ,safety ,in=mation     
,analysis & ,%>+4  7,d7 ,! ,aviation    
,safety ,report+ ,sy/em4  7,e7 ,aviation
 safety recomm5dations & inve/igation   
f9d+s ( ! ,national ,transportation     
,safety ,bo>d4  7,f7 ,o!r relevant      
programs or s\rces4  7#b7 ,protection ( 
in=mation ,! ,task ,=ce %all ensure t   
any data describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 has   
/rong protections to protect employees f

 data be+ us$ to und]take punitive      
measures aga9/ ! employee or p]sonal    
liability4  7i7 ,applicable law ,section
 #ajac ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 
%all n apply to ! ,task ,=ce4  #g4      
,rese>* & developm5t program on new     
approa*es to data analysis = aviation   
safety  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all  
e/abli% a new rese>* & developm5t       
program to be und]tak5 by ! ,,faa's     
,consortium 9 ,aviation ,op]ations      
,rese>* 7,,nextor ,,iii7 to inve/igate &
 develop new approa*es to data analysis 
= und]/&+ ! factors 9 aviation safety   
incid5ts & id5tify+ em]g+ risks ( future
 safety incid5ts4  7b7 ,approa*es ,!    
approa*es describ$ 9 subsection 7a7     
include ! use ( new algori?ms = analyz+ 
! text & audio ( communications betwe5  
flight crews & air traffic controll]s & 
! use ( ma*9e le>n+ or artificial       
intellig5ce me?ods = analyz+ a v>iety ( 
data sets1 includ+1 data on wea!r1      
p]=mance ( communication1 navigation &  
surveillance equipm5t & facilities1     

flight delays1 safety incid5ts1 flight  
crew "w s*$ules1 & air traffic & crew   
memb] communications = detect+ anomalies
 9 ! ,national ,airspace ,sy/em4  7c7   
,collaboration ,9 c>ry+ out ! rese>*    
program e/abli%$ 9 ?is section1 memb]   
in/itutions ( ! ,consortium %all        
collaborate 9 ! %>+ ( data = ! purpose (
 te/+ & demon/rat+ ! pot5tial           
effectiv5ess ( new approa*es to         
analysis-- 7#a7 ) ea* o!r2  7#b7 )      
aviation indu/ry p>tn]s2  7#c7 ) units  
)9 ! ,,faa includ+ gr\ps )9 ! ,air      
,traffic ,organization1 ,next,gen       
,(fice1 ,(fice ( ,airports1 & ,aviation 
,safety2 &  7#d7 ) ! ,national          
,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration's    
,aviation ,safety ,report+ ,sy/em4  7d7 
,rese>*  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! rese>*        
und]tak5 pursuant to ?is section %all   
prioritize und]/&+ ! ways t v>i\s =ms ( 
human factors contribute to aviation    
safety risk4  7#b7 ,factors ,! factors  
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 may include    
fatigue & di/raction dur+ critical      

phases ( "w among pilots or o!r aviation
 p]sonnel1 tasks & workload1            
organizational /ructure & culture1      
communication among p]sonnel1 adh]5ce to
 safety proc$ures1 & any o!r relevant   
factors t are ! cause or pot5tial cause 
( human error 9 aviation op]ations4     
7#c7 ,highly automat$ aircraft ,rese>*  
%\ld seek ways to improve ! design (    
highly automat$ aircraft to r$uce       
in/ances ( mode confusion & to combat   
problems ( r$uc$ aw>5ess ( basic flight 
p>amet]s result+ f complac5cy ab\t      
automat$ sy/ems4  7e7 ,au?orization (   
appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be   
appropriat$ #bj1jjj1jjj = c>ry+ out !   
program describ$ 9 ?is section = ea*    
fiscal ye> f #bjbd ?r\gh #bjbi1 includ+ 
grants to p>ticipat+ rese>* in/itutions1
 includ+ ! academic in/itutions t make  
up ! ,,faa's ,consortium 9 ,aviation    
,op]ations ,rese>* 7,,nextor ,,iii71 !  
,national ,a]onautics & ,space          
,adm9i/ration1 ! ,,faa's ,(fice (       
,safety1 ! ,next,gen (fice1 & units )9 !

 ,,faa's ,air ,traffic ,organization t  
"w on safety issues4  7f7 ,sunset ,!    
program %all t]m9ate on ! date t is #f  
ye>s aft] ! date on :i* ! program is    
e/abli%$4  #h4 ,us+ in/rum5t approa*    
proc$ures z backups to visual approa*es 
7a7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #abj days aft] !
 date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !          
,adm9i/rator %all issue a report to !   
,committee on ,transportation &         
,infra/ructure ( ! ,h\se (              
,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on       
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( !
 ,s5ate t uses a repres5tative sample ( 
"p #aba & "p #abi air c>ri]s to review !
 curr5t range ( air c>ri] practices 9   
requir+ ! use ( in/rum5t approa*        
proc$ures z a backup sy/em = visual     
approa*es & ! ext5t to :i* op]ators     
require pilots to use approa* proc$ures4
  7b7 ,issuance ( guidance ,n lat] ?an  
#a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all review &      
analyze ! collect$ data f ! report      
describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 & issue       

guidance to air c>ri]s on ! mo/         
effective te*niques & proc$ures to use  
in/rum5t approa* proc$ures z a backup   
sy/em = visual approa*es4 ,su* guidance 
%all enc\rage ! use ( in/rum5ts to      
provide v]tical & lat]al guidance to    
mitigate ! pot5tial = a wrong surface   
alignm5t & to provide flight crews ) m  
precise v]tical & lat]al deviation      
in=mation4  #i4 ,,notam ,mod]nization   
,initiative ,section #b7;c7 ( ! ,,notam 
improvem5t ,act ( #bjbc 7#di ,u4,s4,c4  
#djaja note7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 
7#c71 by /rik+ 2 & & ins]t+ a semicolon2
  7#b7 by r$esignat+ p>agraph 7#d7 z    
p>agraph 7#e72 &  7#c7 by ins]t+ aft]   
p>agraph 7#c7 ! foll[+3  7#d7           
collaborat+ ) avionics manufactur]s &   
s(tw>e develop]s 9 consid]+ h>dw>e &    
s(tw>e = s5d+1 assess+1 & display+      
,n,o,t,a,ms2 &  4  #aj4 ,,gao /udy on   
risks associat$ ) ! use ( ,,cvr data 9  
=eign c\ntries  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,!         
,comptroll] ,g5]al %all take ! lead 9   
c>ry+ out a /udy on ! risks associat$ ) 

! use ( ,,cvr data 9 inve/igations l$ by
 =eign gov]nm5ts or units ( =eign       
gov]nm5ts4  7b7 ,cont5ts ,at m9imum1 ?is
 /udy %all-- 7#a7 review pa/ incid5ts 9 
:i* ,,cvr data 0 us$ by =eign gov]nm5ts 
or units ( =eign gov]nm5ts 9 su* a way t
 ! ,national ,transportation ,safety    
,bo>d f\nd to dep>t f ! ,national       
,transportation ,safety ,bo>d's /&>ds & 
proc$ures = a safety inve/igation1      
includ+ ! use or circulation ( ,,cvr    
data = purposes o!r ?an det]m9+ ! causes
 ( an accid5t or safety incid5t1        
inappropriate release ( data conta9$ on 
a ,,cvr1 or ! dissem9ation ( in=mation  
or conclusions bas$ on a mis9t]pretation
 ( data conta9$ on a ,,cvr2  7#b7       
docum5t ! protections provid$ = cockpit 
voice record+s & transcripts by ,,icao &
 o!r c\ntries :]e ,unit$ ,/ates-bas$ air
 c>ri]s op]ate2  7#c7 id5tify & assess !
 risks to ,unit$ ,/ates flight crews1   
air c>ri]s1 manufactur]s1 & o!r         
/akehold]s 9 ! aviation indu/ry         
associat$ ) ,c,v,rs capable ( record+ m 

?an #b h\rs ( data2 &  7#d7 provide     
recomm5dations on measures to adopt to  
mitigate aga9/ su* risks & ensure t any 
use ( ,,cvr data s]ves ! sole purpose ( 
a safety inve/igation1 includ+          
recomm5dations = ! ,unit$ ,/ates to make
 to ,,icao to mitigate ^! risks4  #aa4  
,transp>5cy 9 aircraft ma9t5ance &      
repair "w  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a  
ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !
 ,adm9i/rator %all update ! guidel9es ( 
! ,,faa = "p #aba c]tificate hold]s 9   
implem5t+ a ,cont9u+ ,analysis &        
,surveillance ,sy/em 7,,cass7 = _! air  
c>ri] ma9t5ance programs to include     
report+ no less ?an once e #f mon?s by  
c]tificate hold]s to ! ,,faa ( any      
failure to foll[ proc$ures 9 aircraft   
ma9t5ance z well z any major alt]ation1 
complete ov]haul1 or repair ( me*anical 
irregul>ities ( ea* airframe1 eng9e1    
propell]1 & appliance4  7b7 ,advisory ,n
 lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t 
( ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all issue an
 advisory ) =matt+ guidel9es = air      

c>ri]s to report in=mation z requir$ "u 
subsection 7a74  7c7 ,inclusion ,= ea*  
in/ance ( a failure to foll[ proc$ures &
 = ea* major alt]ation1 ov]haul1 or     
repair report$ "u ! requirem5ts ( ?is   
section1 ! ,adm9i/rator %all require    
c]tificate hold]s to include any "n &   
any physical address :]e ! "w is c>ri$  
out = ea* ma9t5ance provid] t p]=ms "w4 
7d7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section1 ! t]ms  
major alt]ations1 airframe1 propell]1 & 
appliance h ! mean+s giv5 su* t]ms 9 "p 
#a ( title #ad1 ,code ( ,f$]al          
,regulations4  #ab4 ,review ( ,,faa's   
,aviation ,safety ,inspection ,program  
7a7 ,audit by ! ,dep>tm5t (             
,transportation ,inspector ,g5]al ,n    
lat] ?an #f mon?s aft] ! date ( enactm5t
 ( ?is ,act1 ! ,inspector ,g5]al ( !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,transportation %all        
initiate a review ( ! ,,faa's ,augu/    
#bjag ,flight ,/&>ds reorganization &   
its aviation safety inspection program4 
7b7 ,review ,! review %all include an   
evaluation (-- 7#a7 ! ,,faa ,flight     

,/&>ds reorganization f a               
geographic-bas$ sy/em to a              
functional-bas$ sy/em2  7#b7 !          
implem5tation ( ! ,,faa's ,compliance   
,philosophy z x relates to safety       
inspections & en=cem5ts2  7#c7 ! ,,faa's
 ov]sight sy/em kn[n z ! ,safety        
,assurance ,sy/em 7,,sas72  7#d7 tra9+ =
 aviation safety inspector & op]ational 
rese>* analy/s on ! ,compliance         
,philosophy & ,,sas2 &  7#e7 ! impact ( 
! ,,faa's reorganization & ,,sas on !   
,,faa's ability to produce reliable     
e/imates ( aviation safety inspector &  
op]ational rese>* analy/ /aff+ ne$s4    
7c7 ,report ,! ,inspector ,g5]al %all   
submit to ! ,committee on               
,transportation & ,infra/ructure ( !    
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee  
on ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation 
( ! ,s5ate a report on ! results ( its  
review & any recomm5dations to improve !
 aviation safety inspection program ( ! 
,,faa4  #ac4 ,review ( ,,icao be/       
available te*nologies & /&>ds  7a7 ,9   

g5]al ,! ,adm9i/rator %all conduct a    
/udy on ! ,int]national ,civil ,aviation
 ,organization's be/ available          
te*nologies & /&>ds4  7b7 ,report to    
,congress ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date
 ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator  
%all submit to ,congress a report       
conta9+ ! timel9e = ! ,f$]al ,aviation  
,adm9i/rator to adopt ! be/ available   
te*nologies & /&>ds /udi$ "u subsection 
7a7 &1 if ! ,adm9i/rator det]m9es !     
,adm9i/rator w n adopt any su*          
te*nologies or /&>ds1 a ju/ification z  
to ! reason = n adopt+4  #ad4 ,:i/lebl[]
 protections audit  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat]
 ?an #d ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t (   
?is ,act1 ! inspector g5]al ( !         
,dep>tm5t ( ,transportation %all conduct
 an audit (--  7#a7 exi/+ :i/lebl[]     
protections & /&>ds & practices 9 place 
= ! aviation indu/ry2 &  7#b7 !         
:i/lebl[] program ( ! ,f$]al ,aviation  
,adm9i/ration1 includ+ h[ su* program   
has evolv$ s9ce ! mo/ rec5t audit by !  
inspector g5]al & :e!r !re are any      

%ortcom+s or *all5ges = ! program4  7b7 
,report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] !       
publication ( ! results ( ! audit "u    
subsection 7a71 ! ,adm9i/rator ( !      
,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration %all     
submit to ! relevant committees (       
jurisdiction ( ,congress a report on !  
implem5tation plan = any recomm5dations 
f su* audit & any reasons = n implem5t+ 
any recomm5dation = :i* ! ,adm9i/rator w
 n implem5t4  #ae4 ,two pilot rule ,n   
lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t 
( ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,f$]al   
,aviation ,adm9i/ration %all issue su*  
regulations z are necess>y to require t 
all "p #aba air c>ri]s provid+ air      
transportation ( pass5g]s or c>go       
require a m9imum ( #b pilots 9 ! cockpit
 = any flight c>ry+ su* pass5g]s or     
c>go4  #af4 ,flight safety in=mation    
protection ,section #djabc ( title #di1 
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  7c7 ,flight safety    
in=mation protection ,! ,adm9i/rator may
 n disclose "u ?is section flight safety

 in=mation1 includ+ flight safety       
in=mation volunt>ily report$ by ,f$]al  
,aviation ,adm9i/ration employees1 &    
data provid$ f flight data record]s1    
s]vice difficulty record]s1 accid5t &   
incid5t data sy/ems1 airl9e requir$ crew
 n>rative reports & summ>ies1 ,,ads-,b1 
aircraft communication address+ &       
report+ sy/ems1 & ,,atc voice           
communications & record$ rad> data4  4  
#ag4 ,k safety exp]ts ,! ,adm9i/rator   
%all take su* actions z are necess>y to 
ensure t any advisory committee ( !     
,f$]al ,aviation ,adm9i/ration t        
provides recomm5dations on topics t     
relate to or impact ! safety ( pass5g]s1
 aircraft1 crew memb]s1 gr\nd crew1     
airports1 or any o!r safety aspect h    
repres5tation f k safety exp]ts 9       
addition to repres5tation f trade       
indu/ry exp]ts4  #ah4 ,transp>5cy 9     
aviation indu/ry ,! ,adm9i/rator %all   
take su* actions z are necess>y to      
ensure t air c>ri]s & o!r p]sons provid+
 air transportation are prohibit$ f hid+

 in=mation det]m9$ to be important by ! 
,adm9i/rator 9 any inve/igation reg>d+  
aircraft incid5ts1 includ+ incid5ts t   
result 9 dea? or injury4  #ai4          
,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7           
,adm9i/rator ,! t]m ,adm9i/rator means !
 ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,f$]al ,aviation      
,adm9i/ration4  7#b7 ,cov]$ ev5t ,! t]m 
cov]$ ev5t means-- 7,a7 a category ,a or
 ,b runway incursion1 z def9$ 9 ,ord]   
#gjej4a;,b ( ! ,f$]al ,aviation         
,adm9i/ration 7dat$ ,novemb] #c1 #bjac72
  7,b7 a l&+ on a taxiway1 incorrect    
runway1 or o!r area n design$ z a runway
 at a public-use airport on l&2  7,c7   
desc5t by an aircraft bel[ #cjj feet    
above gr\nd level on approa* to a       
taxiway1 incorrect runway1 or o!r area n
 design$ z a runway at a public-use     
airport on l&2 or  7,d7 a l&+ by an     
aircraft not)/&+ an in/ruction by air   
traffic control t ! aircraft p]=m a     
miss$ approa* or g-ar\nd4  7#c7 ,,faa ,!
 t]m ,,faa means ! ,f$]al ,aviation     
,adm9i/ration4  7#d7 ,"p #aba air c>ri] 

,! t]m "p #aba air c>ri] means an air   
c>ri] t holds a c]tificate issu$ "u "p  
#aba ( title #ad1 ,code ( ,f$]al        
,regulations4  7#e7 ,"p #abi air c>ri]  
,! t]m "p #abi air c>ri] means an air   
c>ri] t holds a c]tificate issu$ "u "p  
#abi ( title #ad1 ,code ( ,f$]al        
,regulations4