,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ffje  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,decemb] #e1 #bjbc,mr4
 ,nunn ( ,i[a 7= himself & ,mrs4        
,beatty7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,f9ancial     
,s]vices  ,a ,,bill  ,to require !      
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury to /udy ! ?reat 
( digital location obfuscation z x      
relates to national security & f9ancial 
te*nology1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort 
title2 f9d+s  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act 
may be cit$ z ! ,/op ,t]rorism &        
,illicit ,f9ance ,location ,exploitation
 ,act ( #bjbc or ! ,,/ifle ,act ( #bjbc4
  7b7 ,f9d+s ,! ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3
 7#a7 ,f9ancial sanctions are a prim>y  
national security tool = ! ,unit$       
,/ates4  7#b7 ,f9ancial te*nology has   
creat$ bo? new b5eficial f9ancial       
innovations & em]g+ illicit f9ance      
risks1 includ+ ! evasion ( sanctions4   
7#c7 ,a f9ancial te*nology plat=m mu/ be
 able to det]m9e ! precise location ( an
 active us] ( ! plat=m to effectively   

implem5t location-bas$ access controls =
 compliance )-- 7,a7 sanctions programs 
adm9i/]$ by ! ,(fice ( ,=eign ,assets   
,control2  7,b7 obligations impos$ by ! 
,anti-,money ,laund]+ ,act ( #bjbj1 !   
,bank ,secrecy ,act1 & regulations      
associat$ ) su* ,acts2 &  7,c7 any o!r  
regulatory obligation4  7#d7 ,f9ancial  
te*nology plat=ms g5]ally use an        
,int]net ,protocol 79 ?is ,act ref]r$ to
 z ,,ip7 address z ! prim>y or sole     
indicator ( _! us]s' precise location4  
7#e7 ,,ip addresses 7 fir/ creat$ 9     
#aigd & /&>diz$ 9 #aihc z unique        
id5tification numb]s attribut$ to       
devices on an int]connect$ comput]      
network & are ! f\ndation ( ! mod]n     
int]net4  7#f7 ,,ip addresses are       
assign$ by ,int]net ,s]vice ,provid]s 79
 ?is ,act ref]r$ to z ,i,s,ps7 & h      
become a less accurate det]m9ant (      
precise location z a result ( !         
prolif]ation ( mobile devices1 dynamic  
,,ip addresses1 globaliz$ cont5t deliv]y
 networks1 & o!r innovations4  7#g7 ,,ip

 addresses c be manipulat$ ?r\gh ! use (
 ,virtual ,private ,networks 79 ?is ,act
 ref]r$ to z ,v,p,ns71 proxy s]v]s1     
anonymiz+ d>knet website br[s]s1 & o!r  
location obfuscation te*niques = !      
purpose (-- 7,a7 illicit f9ance2  7,b7  
evad+ detection "u exi/+ sanctions2 &   
7,c7 evad+ requirem5ts set =? 9 !       
,anti-,money ,laund]+ ,act ( #bjbj & !  
,bank ,secrecy ,act4  7#h7 ,global      
,sy/em = ,mobiles triangulation1 ,wi-,fi
 triangulation1 & ,,gps data provide    
sub/antially m accurate location        
in=mation ?an ,,ip addresses1 b are     
individually susceptible to simil>      
manipulation ?r\gh device tamp]+1 freely
 available d[nloadable s(tw>e1 & o!r    
obfuscation te*niques4  7#i7 ,te*nology 
t comb9es enhanc$ data analytics )      
aggregat$ au!ntic s\rces ( location data
 is widely us$ to effectively ensure    
compliance ) ,unit$ ,/ates sanctions1 ! 
,anti-,money ,laund]+ ,act ( #bjbj1 !   
,bank ,secrecy ,act1 & o!r /atutory &   
regulatory requirem5ts4  #b4 ,report on 

! ?reat ( digital location obfuscation  
to national security & f9ancial         
te*nology compliance obligations  7a7   
,/udy ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 act+  
?r\gh ! ,und]secret>y ( ! ,treasury =   
,t]rorism & ,f9ancial ,intellig5ce1 & 9 
consultation ) te*nology exp]ts1        
national security exp]ts1 & law         
en=cem5t1 %all conduct a /udy to assess 
! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! role t location       
obfuscation te*niques1 includ+ ,v,p,ns1 
proxy s]v]s1 ,,gps location manipulation
 applications1 & device tamp]+ plays 9  
money laund]+1 sanctions evasion1 & o!r 
=ms ( illicit f9ance4  7#b7 ,! ease )   
:i* an illicit actor c manipulate &     
falsify location data relevant to       
compliance ) sanctions1 ! ,anti-,money  
,laund]+ ,act ( #bjbj1 ! ,bank ,secrecy 
,act1 & any o!r /atutory & regulatory   
obligation4  7#c7 ,! degree to :i* a    
f9ancial te*nology plat=m relies ^u an  
,,ip address z ! prim>y or sole         
indicator ( ! precise location ( a us] (
 ! plat=m4  7#d7 ,! ability ( a f9ancial

 te*nology plat=m to use multiple       
aggregat$ po9ts ( location data to      
indicate ! precise location ( a us] (   
su* plat=m if an illicit actor          
manipulates "o or m ( su* data po9ts4   
7b7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] !   
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 !         
,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 act+ ?r\gh !   
,und]secret>y ( ! ,treasury = ,t]rorism 
& ,f9ancial ,intellig5ce1 & 9           
consultation ) te*nology exp]ts1        
national security exp]ts1 & law         
en=cem5t1 %all submit to ! ,congress a  
report t conta9s ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,ea*    
f9d+ & det]m9ation made 9 ! /udy requir$
 "u subsection 7a74  7#b7 ,any          
insuffici5cy 9 or lack ( available data 
inhibit+ any f9d+ & det]m9ation made 9 !
 /udy requir$ "u subsection 7a74  7#c7  
,a compreh5sive analysis ( any co/1     
b5efit1 & pot5tial risk associat$ ) !   
mod]nization ( precise location /&>ds   
us$ by a f9ancial te*nology plat=m t    
relies on an ,,ip address z ! prim>y or 
sole indicator ( ! precise location ( a 

us] ( ! plat=m4  7#d7 ,a compreh5sive   
analysis ( ! ways 9 :i* te*nology t     
comb9es enhanc$ data analytics )        
multiple aggregat$ & au!nticat$ s\rces (
 location data may be us$ to r$uce      
evasion ( ,unit$ ,/ates sanctions1      
requirem5ts "u ! ,anti-,money ,laund]+  
,act ( #bjbj1 ! ,bank ,secrecy ,act1 &  
any o!r /atutory & regulatory           
obligation4  7c7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is     
,act3 7#a7 ,anti-,money ,laund]+ ,act ( 
#bjbj ,! t]m ,anti-,money ,laund]+ ,act 
( #bjbj means ,division ,f ( ! ,national
 ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal   
,ye> #bjba4  7#b7 ,bank ,secrecy ,act ,!
 t]m ,bank ,secrecy ,act has ! mean+    
giv5 ! t]m "u section #fcjc ( !         
,anti-,money ,laund]+ ,act ( #bjbj 7#ca 
,u4,s4,c4 #ecja note74