,,ib ,union ,calendar ,no4 #eaj #aahth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,h4 ,r4 #fbac ,report ,no4 #aah-fab ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives ,november #c1 #bjbc,mr4 ,lucas 7for himself1 ,ms4 ,lofgren1 ,mr4 ,collins1 ,ms4 ,stevens1 ,mr4 ,williams of ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,bowman1 ,mr4 ,babin1 ,mr4 ,sorensen1 ,mr4 ,obernolte1 ,mrs4 ,foushee1 ,mr4 ,miller of ,ohio1 and ,ms4 ,ross7 introduced the following bill2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology ,july #be1 #bjbd;,additional sponsors3 ,mr4 ,weber of ,texas1 ,mr4 ,casten1 ,mr4 ,baird1 ,mr4 ,mullin1 ,mr4 ,mike ,garcia of ,california1 ,ms4 ,salinas1 ,ms4 ,tenney1 ,mr4 ,jackson of ,north ,carolina1 ,mr4 ,kean of ,new ,jersey1 ,ms4 ,bonamici1 ,mr4 ,wittman1 ,mr4 ,feenstra1 ,ms4 ,lee of ,pennsylvania1 ,ms4 ,caraveo1 ,mrs4 ,sykes1 ,mr4 ,morelle1 ,mr4 ,neguse1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,thanedar1 ,mr4 ,thompson of ,pennsylvania1 ,ms4 ,del,bene1 and ,mr4 ,allred ,july #be1 #bjbd,reported with an amendment1 committed to the ,committee of the ,whole ,house on the ,state of the ,union1 and ordered to be printed,strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed in italic,for text of introduced bill1 see copy of bill as introduced on ,november #c1 #bjbc ,a ,,bill ,to reauthorize the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,reauthorization ,act4 #b4 ,definitions ,section #b of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 the first paragraph 7#h7 7relating to the definition of the ,subcommittee on ,economic and ,security ,implications71 and the second paragraph 7#h7 7relating to the definition of the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science7 as paragraphs 7#g71 7#i71 7#ab71 7#ac71 7#ae71 and 7#af71 respectively2 7#b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#c7 the following new paragraphs3 7#d7 ,federal laboratory ,the term ,federal laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #d of the ,stevenson-,wydler ,technology ,innovation ,act of #aihj 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #cgjc74 7#e7 ,foreign country of concern ,the term foreign country of concern means-- 7,a7 a country that is a covered nation 7as such term is defined in section #dhgb7;d7 of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code72 and 7,b7 any country that the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense1 the ,secretary of ,state1 and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 determines to be engaged in conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states4 7#f7 ,foreign entity of concern ,the term foreign entity of concern means a foreign entity that is-- 7,a7 designated as a foreign terrorist organization by the ,secretary of ,state under section #bai7;a7 of the ,immigration and ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aahi7;a772 7,b7 included on the list of specially designated nationals and blocked persons maintained by the ,office of ,foreign ,assets ,control of the ,department of the ,treasury 7commonly known as the ,,sdn list72 7,c7 owned by1 controlled by1 or subject to the jurisdiction or direction of a government of a foreign country that is a covered nation 7as such term is defined in section #dhgb of title #aj1 ,united ,states ,code72 7,d7 alleged by the ,attorney ,general to have been involved in activities for which a conviction was obtained under-- 7i7 chapter #cg of title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,espionage ,act72 7ii7 section #iea or #ajcj of title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code2 7iii7 chapter #ij of title #ah1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly known as the ,economic ,espionage ,act of #aiif72 7iv7 the ,arms ,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bgea et seq472 7v7 section #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf1 #bbg1 or #bcf of the ,atomic ,energy ,act of #aied 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #bbgd1 #bbge1 #bbgf1 #bbgg1 and #bbhd72 7vi7 the ,export ,control ,reform ,act of #bjah 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #dhja et seq472 or 7vii7 the ,international ,emergency ,economic ,powers ,act 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja et seq472 or 7,e7 determined by the ,secretary of ,commerce1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,defense and the ,director of ,national ,intelligence1 to be engaged in unauthorized conduct that is detrimental to the national security or foreign policy of the ,united ,states4 2 7#c7 in paragraph 7#g71 as so redesignated1 by striking 7a7 each place it appears2 7#d7 by inserting after paragraph 7#g71 as so redesignated1 the following new paragraph3 7#h7 ,national ,laboratory ,the term ,national ,laboratory has the meaning given such term in section #b of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aehja74 2 7#e7 by inserting after paragraph 7#i71 as so redesignated1 the following new paragraphs3 7#aj7 ,quantum applications ,the term quantum applications means applications that use quantum information science engineering and technology1 including quantum algorithms and software1 quantum computing and quantum-classical hybrids1 quantum sensing1 quantum networking1 quantum encryption1 or quantum communications applications4 7#aa7 ,quantum computing ,the term quantum computing means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies1 including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that utilize a variety of qubit architectures1 such as superconducting1 ion traps1 photonics1 neutral atoms1 spin atoms1 or spin electrons4 2 7#f7 by amending paragraph 7#ab71 as so redesignated1 to read as follows3 7#ab7 ,quantum information science1 technology1 and engineering ,the term quantum information science1 technology1 and engineering means the understanding1 translation1 use1 or application of the laws of quantum physics for the storage1 transmission1 manipulation1 computing1 simulation1 or measurement of information4 2 and 7#g7 by inserting after paragraph 7#ac71 as so redesignated1 the following new paragraph3 7#ad7 ,,stem ,the term ,,stem means the academic and professional disciplines of science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics1 including computer science4 4 #c4 ,purposes ,section #c of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhjb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by striking science and its technology applications and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 by amending subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 7,a7 to expand the number of researchers1 educators1 and students with training in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to develop a domestic workforce pipeline and retain international talent to the extent consistent with national security and international competitiveness2 2 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking science at the and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology at the primary1 secondary12 7,d7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking basic2 7,e7 in subparagraph 7,d7-- 7i7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 and 7,f7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs3 7,f7 to support development of quantum applications1 including quantum-hybrid applications1 to promote innovation and commercialization2 and 7,g7 to support technologies1 including artificial intelligence1 that could benefit from or benefit the development of quantum technology and promote research1 development1 demonstration1 and application of such technologies in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 2 7#c7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#d7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#e7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7,a7 by inserting ,national ,laboratories1 after ,federal laboratories12 and 7,b7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7#f7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 by inserting partnerships1 research collaborations1 and after international2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology security and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 social benefit1 after innovation2 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,c7 to facilitate cooperative investment in quantum capabilities between the ,united ,states and its allies and partners to strengthen and secure the domestic supply chain and related ecosystem2 and 2 and 7#g7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#f7 improving the maturity1 scale1 and short- and long-term viability of the quantum technology industry1 including small and medium-sized businesses and startups representing a diversity of quantum specialties1 and commercialization of domestic quantum capacity across modalities4 4 #d4 ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,program ,subsection 7b7 of section #aja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhaa7 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 by striking development and inserting research development1 and near- and medium-term1 and long-term demonstration2 7,b7 by striking information science and technology2 and 7,c7 by inserting in diverse sectors after applications2 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7,a7 by striking fundamental2 7,b7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,c7 by inserting infrastructure1 after demonstration12 7#c7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7,a7 by inserting and retain after to develop2 and 7,b7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#d7 by amending paragraph 7#d7 to read as follows3 7#d7 provide for interagency planning and coordination of ,federal quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 development1 demonstration1 standards engagement1 and other activities under the ,program1 including activities authorized pursuant to section #bcd of the ,john ,s4 ,mc,cain ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjai 7#aj ,u4,s4,c4 #djja note71 quantum educational activities and programs authorized pursuant to section #ajffa of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibfa71 and activities conducted at any ,federal laboratory2 2 and 7#e7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7,a7 by striking industry and universities and inserting industry1 universities1 and strategic allies2 and 7,b7 by inserting 1 including human resources after resources4 #e4 ,national ,quantum ,coordination ,office ,section #ajb of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhab7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a77#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 by inserting who shall be before appointed2 and 7ii7 by inserting 1 and who shall serve a four year term1 subject to renewal before the semicolon2 and 7,b7 by amending subparagraph 7,b7 to read as follows3 7,b7 staff comprised of employees detailed from the ,federal departments and agencies specified in section #ajc7;b74 2 and 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology research and workforce2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#f71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#g71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 22 7,d7 by amending paragraph 7#d7 to read as follows3 7#d7 ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures or consortia established under this ,act2 2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#g71 by inserting nonprofit research organizations1 after universities12 and 7,f7 by adding after paragraph 7#g71 the following new paragraphs3 7#h7 promote understanding and adoption of quantum capabilities throughout the ,united ,states economy as appropriate2 and 7#i7 track and promote policies that will ensure stability of the ,united ,states quantum workforce1 quantum supply chain1 domestic quantum industry1 and international trade4 4 #f4 ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science ,section #ajc of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhac7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#h71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraph 7#i7 as paragraph 7#ad72 and 7,c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#h7 the following new paragraphs3 7#i7 the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services2 7#aj7 the ,department of ,state2 7#aa7 the ,department of ,homeland ,security2 7#ab7 the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration2 7#ac7 the ,department of ,education2 and 2 7#b7 in subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking the quantum information science and technology research and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and quantum application development1 demonstration1 and commercialization2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#d71 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#e71 7i7 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 and 7ii7 by inserting and conduct comparative benchmarking of ,federal investments and research strategies relative to those of our strategic partners and other countries after development efforts2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#f7-- 7i7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#g7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 engineering and technology after science2 and 7ii7 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,f7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#h7 facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to advance quantum applications related to environment1 advanced manufacturing1 biotechnology1 space1 and other sectors4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7h77#b77;,a71 by inserting 1 including a description of agency roles and responsibilities before the period2 and 7#d7 by adding at the end the following new subsection3 7i7 ,quantum use cases 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,subcommittee shall identify potential use cases with respect to which quantum computing could advance the missions of participating agencies1 including through on-premises1 cloud-based1 hybrid1 or networked approaches4 7#b7 ,quantum on-ramp ,for each potential use case identified pursuant to paragraph 7#a71 the relevant ,federal agency1 in consultation with the ,subcommittee1 may develop a plan to enable such agency to address each such potential use case4 7#c7 ,reporting ,the ,subcommittee1 as part of the annual report on the budget for the ,program under subsection 7g7 shall report progress in carrying out the activities under this section1 including information relating to the following3 7,a7 ,the potential use cases identified pursuant to paragraph 7#a74 7,b7 ,the status of plans developed pursuant to paragraph 7#b74 7,c7 ,any obstacles to addressing such potential use cases1 including lack of funding4 4 #g4 ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,advisory ,committee ,section #ajd of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhad7 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7b7 to read as follows3 7b7 ,qualifications ,the ,advisory ,committee shall consist of members1 appointed by the ,president1 who are-- 7#a7 representative of industry1 including end users likely to benefit from quantum technology and small and medium-sized businesses and startups representing a diversity of quantum specialties4 universities1 and ,federal laboratories2 and 7#b7 qualified to provide advice and information on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 development1 demonstrations1 standards1 ,,stem education1 technology transfer1 commercial application1 or national security and economic concerns4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7d77#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,d71 7,e71 7,f71 and 7,g7 as subparagraphs 7,e71 7,f71 7,g71 and 7,h71 respectively2 7,c7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,c7 the following new subparagraph3 7,d7 other countries' quantum programs and the progress of such countries and such programs relative to the ,program2 2 7,d7 in subparagraph 7,e71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 by striking to and inserting promote innovation1 foster a robust ,united ,states quantum industry1 and2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,e7 in subparagraph 7,f71 as so redesignated1 by inserting 1 including to address any gaps that may exist before the semicolon2 7,f7 in subparagraph 7,g71 as so redesignated1 by striking open standards for1 quantum information science and technology2 and and inserting international standards in open and transparent standardization systems for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology22 7,g7 in subparagraph 7,h71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 by inserting educational1 environmental1 health1 after legal12 and 7ii7 by striking the period and inserting 22 and 7,h7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs3 7,i7 the domestic and international cooperation needs and goals of the ,program1 including needs and goals related to infrastructure and the supply chain of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,j7 the degree to which quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology is enhancing or can enhance the capabilities of the ,united ,states advanced industrial economy and protect or optimize critical infrastructure 7as such term is defined in section #ajaf7;e7 of ,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e7774 2 7#c7 in subsection 7e7-- 7,a7 by inserting through ,december #ca1 #bjcj after thereafter2 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following new sentence3 ,in the first such report required after the date of the enactment of this sentence1 the ,advisory ,committee shall assess the advisability and feasibility of establishing a quantum communications corridor in which ,federal laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and other entities conducting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research are connected via quantum communication networks capable of rapidly and securely transmitting large quantities of information42 and 7#d7 by amending subsection 7g7 to read as follows3 7g7 ,,faca exemption ,the ,president shall charter the ,advisory ,committee in accordance with chapter #aj of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code 7commonly referred to as the ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act71 except that the ,advisory ,committee shall be exempt from section #ajac of such title4 4 #h4 ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications of ,quantum ,information ,science ,section #aje of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhad;a7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#aj71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraph 7#aa7 as paragraph 7#ad72 and 7,c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#aj7 the following new paragraphs3 7#aa7 the ,department of ,health and ,human ,services2 7#ab7 the ,department of ,state2 7#ac7 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 and 2 7#b7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking information science and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by inserting or to supply chains before the semicolon2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#c71 by inserting or supply chains before the semicolon2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#e7-- 7i7 by inserting and engineering after quantum information science2 and 7ii7 by inserting any before export controls2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#f71 by striking information science and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,f7 in paragraph 7#g71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,g7 in paragraph 7#h7-- 7i7 by inserting nonprofit research organizations1 after universities12 and 7ii7 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,h7 by adding at the end the following new paragraphs3 7#i7 in coordination with the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science1 identify opportunities to increase coordination between civilian1 military1 and intelligence quantum research entities1 reduce unnecessary duplicative quantum research activities1 and facilitate collaboration between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7#aj7 recommend strategies for attracting and retaining students and scholars with expertise in quantum related fields to ,federal departments and agencies4 4 #i4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy ,the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act is amended by inserting after section #aje the following new section3 #aje;,a4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy 7a7 ,strategy required ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,commerce1 the ,secretary of ,state1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 and the heads of other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 shall develop and submit to the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation1 the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources1 and the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations of the ,senate1 and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology and the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs of the ,house of ,representatives a strategy to-- 7#a7 establish collaborative international partnerships1 including co-funded international programs1 to advance research and development1 testing and evaluation1 commercialization1 and interoperability in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology with allies and partners of the ,united ,states1 and other countries1 when in the security1 strategic1 technological1 and scientific interests of the ,united ,states2 7#b7 ensure continued ,united ,states participation in bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology on the international stage2 7#c7 promote the integrity and impartiality of international standards organizations and processes related to quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7#d7 ensure ethical application of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to protect civil liberties and basic human rights4 7b7 ,designation ,the strategy under subsection shall be known as the ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy 7in this section referred to as the ,strategy74 7c7 ,elements ,in the development of the ,strategy1 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 the ,national ,quantum ,coordination ,office1 the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science1 the ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications1 and the relevant agencies should consider the following3 7#a7 ,the establishment of international partnerships to advance research and development in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,key partners that are allies of the ,united ,states and have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#c7 ,efforts and plans to address risks to the national security and economic interests of the ,united ,states during development and deployment of quantum technologies worldwide1 including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and partners1 and other countries4 7#d7 ,efforts and plans to promote responsible global development and deployment of quantum technologies1 including through international engagement and leadership in the development of international standards4 7#e7 ,efforts and plans to develop1 attract1 and retain international talent4 7#f7 ,the ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and suppliers and those of allies and partners of the ,united ,states to meet the needs of the global quantum supply chain1 including raw materials such as ,helium-#c1 plans for engagement with allies and partners1 manufacturers1 and suppliers1 and options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global quantum supply chain4 7#g7 ,a plan to safeguard research and technology supported through international cooperation1 as appropriate1 in whole or in part1 including in quantum technologies critical to national security1 from malign influence1 theft1 or exfiltration by foreign entities of concern4 7#h7 ,as necessary1 a description of such legislative or administrative action needed to carry out the ,strategy4 7d7 ,briefing ,not later than #cj days after the date on which the ,strategy is completed1 the ,director shall brief the committees specified in subsection 7a7 on the ,strategy4 4 #aj4 ,sunset ,section #ajf7;a7 of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhae7;a77 is amended to read as follows3 7a7 ,in general ,except as provided in subsection 7b71 the authority to carry out sections #aja1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #ajd1 and #aje shall terminate on ,december #cj1 #bjcj4 4 #aa4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology activities and quantum consortium ,section #bja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhca7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking basic and applied2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by inserting attract1 educate1 and before train2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,c7 by amending paragraph 7#c7 to read as follows3 7#c7 shall carry out research to facilitate the development and standardization of quantum cryptography1 post-quantum cryptography 7as such term is defined in section #c of the ,quantum ,computing ,cybersecurity ,preparedness ,act 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #aebf note2 ,public ,law #aag-bfj771 and practices to replace cryptographic keys or algorithms with minimal disruption to current applications and systems2 4 7,d7 by amending paragraph 7#d7 to read as follows3 7#d7 shall carry out research1 development1 and demonstration projects1 as appropriate1 to facilitate the development and standardization of quantum networking1 communications1 computing1 metrology1 sensing technologies and quantum applications1 including quantum supporting technologies1 such as artificial intelligence2 4 7,e7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#e71 7#f71 and 7#g7 as paragraphs 7#h71 7#i71 and 7#aa71 respectively2 7,f7 by inserting the following after paragraph 7#d7 the following new paragraphs3 7#e7 shall carry out research to support the measurement of comparative performance and progress of quantum technologies1 including1 as practicable1 technology readiness assessments of quantum technologies2 7#f7 shall promote ,united ,states participation in international standards organizations related to quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#g7 shall establish or expand partnerships with the public sector and private sector to-- 7,a7 accelerate the development of domestic quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting technologies2 and 7,b7 reduce quantum supply chain vulnerabilities2 2 7,g7 in paragraph 7#h71 as so redesignated1 by striking infrastructure and inserting 1 communications1 sensing1 and computing2 7,h7 in paragraph 7#i71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 by inserting non-profit research organizations1 after universities12 and 7ii7 by striking and engineering2 and and inserting 1 engineering1 and technology and expanding the domestic ,,stem workforce22 and 7,i7 by inserting after paragraph 7#i7 the following the following new paragraph3 7#aj7 shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary to carry out title ,,ii2 and 2 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking future and inserting research2 and 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 by amending subparagraph 7,a7 to read as follows3 7,a7 to gather and assess information on the quantum industry to address the needs identified in paragraph 7#a72 2 7ii7 by striking subparagraphs 7,b7 and 7,c7 and inserting the following new subparagraphs3 7,b7 to provide recommendations regarding how the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,program1 and other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 can address the gaps in the research necessary to meet the needs identified in paragraph 7#a7 and accelerate real-world uses of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,c7 to identify enabling technologies and the relevant supply chain essential to foster research and industrial competitiveness in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and communicate findings to ,federal agencies and other domestic and international stakeholders2 7,d7 to assess and identify key areas for establishing1 expanding1 or developing international partnerships that will facilitate ,united ,states quantum-related business engagement2 and 7,e7 to provide recommendations on how the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,program1 and other ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 can incorporate small and medium-sized businesses and startups into ,federal quantum activities and promote the success of small and medium-sized startups4 2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7i7 by striking ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the and inserting ,the2 and 7ii7 by inserting periodically1 but not less than every five years1 after shall2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#d7 ,coordination ,as appropriate1 the consortium is encouraged to engage with ,federal agencies that fund research1 have a mission to transition or translate research results to practical quantum applications1 or have a mission that could benefit from the development of quantum technologies1 to inform and accelerate progress in such areas4 2 and 7#c7 by striking subsection 7c7 and inserting the following new subsections3 7c7 ,international quantum research and metrology 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,state and the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 shall promote1 establish1 and support international quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 metrology research1 and standardization1 as appropriate1 to enhance international cooperation1 meet ,united ,states commitments1 and support ,united ,states engagement in international standards for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,alignment ,in carrying out this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall ensure alignment with the ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,strategy and the ,u4,s4 ,government ,national ,standards ,strategy for ,critical and ,emerging ,technology1 or successor strategies4 7#c7 ,restrictions 7,a7 ,confucius ,institute ,none of the funds made available under this section may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a ,confucius ,institute or any successor of a ,confucius ,institute4 7,b7 ,foreign countries or entities of concern ,none of the funds made available under this section may be obligated or expended to promote1 establish1 or finance quantum research activities between a ,united ,states entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern1 except such restriction shall not apply to participation by awardees in consensus-based international standardization activities4 7d7 ,post quantum cryptography deployment 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 in consultation with the ,secretary of ,homeland ,security1 the heads of ,sector ,risk ,management ,agencies 7as such term is defined in section #bbjj of the ,homeland ,security ,act of #bjjb 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #fej771 and private sector entities1 as appropriate1 shall promote the voluntary development1 adoption1 and deployment of standards relating to post-quantum cryptography 7as such term is defined in section #c of the ,quantum ,computing ,cybersecurity ,preparedness ,act 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #aebf note2 ,public ,law #aag-bfj771 including by-- 7,a7 disseminating and making publicly available guidance and resources to help organizations adopt and deploy standards relating to post-quantum cryptography and minimize disruptions to current applications and systems caused by cryptographic updates2 7,b7 providing technical assistance1 as practicable1 to entities that are at high risk of quantum cryptoanalytic attacks1 such as entities determined to be critical infrastructure 7as such term is defined in section #ajaf7;e7 of ,public ,law #ajg-ef 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #eaie;c7e777 or digital infrastructure providers2 and 7,c7 conducting such other activities as determined necessary by the ,director to promote the development1 adoption1 and deployment across the ,united ,states of standards relating to post-quantum cryptography4 7#b7 ,grant program 7,a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations and after the date on which the ,director of ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology has issued standards relating to post-quantum cryptography1 the ,director may establish a program to identify and provide technical assistance through the award of grants to entities that are at high risk of quantum cryptoanalytic attacks1 including by granting funds for the adoption of such standards and the remediation of quantum-related vulnerabilities4 7,b7 ,use of funds ,grants awarded to entities under this paragraph may be used to cover reasonable costs1 up to a specified amount established by the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 for activities to adopt standards relating to post-quantum cryptographic and remediate quantum-related vulnerabilities4 7,c7 ,guidance ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology may develop1 and periodically update1 guidance1 including relating to eligibility1 application disclosure requirements1 grant amount and duration1 and any additional requirements regarding the award of grants under this paragraph4 7,d7 ,consultation ,if the program described in this paragraph is established1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall consult with the ,director of the ,cybersecurity and ,infrastructure ,security ,agency of the ,department of ,homeland ,security1 the heads of other ,sector ,risk ,management ,agencies1 and appropriate representatives of private sector entities1 including nonprofit organizations1 to share information regarding the grant program under this paragraph and guidance developed and updated under subparagraph 7,c74 7e7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology pursuant to section #ajbaa of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aag-afg7 for scientific and technical research and services laboratory activities1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology to carry out this section up to #he1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbg4 4 #ab4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology quantum centers ,title ,,ii of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act is amended by adding at the end the following new sections3 #bjb4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology quantum centers 7a7 ,establishment 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 in consultation with the heads of other ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate1 shall carry out a program to establish and operate at least one1 but not more than three1 centers to accelerate research1 development1 deployment1 and standardization of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,program details 7,a7 ,competitive1 merit-reviewed process ,the centers shall be established through a competitive1 merit-reviewed process4 7,b7 ,applications ,an eligible applicant described in subparagraph 7,c7 shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director determines to be appropriate4 7,c7 ,eligible applicants ,eligible applicants described in this subparagraph are the following3 7i7 ,institutions of higher education4 7ii7 ,nonprofit organizations4 7iii7 ,multi-institutions collaborations1 including multiple types of research institutions1 private sector entities1 ,federal laboratories1 and nonprofit organizations1 or a consortia thereof4 7iv7 ,any other entity the ,director determines appropriate4 7#c7 ,selection of topics ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall solicit proposals and prioritize the following topics in the initial selection of centers1 subject to merit-review3 7,a7 ,quantum sensing and measurement4 7,b7 ,quantum engineering4 7b7 ,requirements ,to the maximum extent practicable1 centers developed1 constructed1 operated1 or maintained under this section shall serve the mission of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 for the benefit of the broader ,united ,states quantum information science community1 to develop processes for the following purposes-- 7#a7 ,advancing research and standardization in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,advancing technology transfer4 7#c7 ,improving the competitiveness of the ,united ,states4 7c7 ,coordination ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall ensure coordination1 and avoid unnecessary duplication of1 the activities carried out under this section with existing activities of the ,institute1 other activities carried out under this ,act1 and other related programs1 as appropriate4 7d7 ,selection and duration 7#a7 ,in general ,the centers established under this section are authorized to carry out activities for a period of five years4 7#b7 ,renewal ,each center established under this section may be renewed for an additional period of five years following a successful merit-based review by the ,director4 7#c7 ,termination ,consistent with the authorities of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology may terminate an underperforming center for cause during the performance period4 7e7 ,funding ,the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology shall allocate up to #ah1jjj1jjj for each center established under this section for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,amounts made available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology4 #bjc4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under title ,,ii shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7enacted as division ,b of ,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 4 #ac4 ,national ,science ,foundation quantum information science research and education activities ,section #cja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhda7 is amended-- 7#a7 in the heading1 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 7#b7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 by striking basic2 and 7,b7 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7#c7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 by striking basic2 and 7,,ii7 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b7-- 7,i7 by striking human resources and inserting education and workforce2 and 7,,ii7 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 in clause 7i7-- 7aa7 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7bb7 by inserting ,k-#ab1 vocational1 before undergraduate2 and 7cc7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,,ii7 in clause 7ii71 by inserting and after the semicolon2 and 7,,iii7 by adding at the end the following new clause3 7iii7 to pursue research at the frontiers of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and explore solutions to important challenges for the development1 application1 and commercialization of quantum technologies2 2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 7iv7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7v7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7vi7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,f7 providing infrastructure to support academic quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including through existing infrastructure programs and new activities4 2 7#d7 by amending subsection 7c7 to read as follows3 7c7 ,student traineeships1 fellowships1 and other models 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with heads of ,federal agencies the ,director considers appropriate1 shall award grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof7 to increase capacity and broaden participation1 including through provisioning of experiential opportunities1 where appropriate1 in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology and other related disciplines4 7#b7 ,quantum traineeships ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may establish or use existing programs to make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof7 to provide traineeships to graduate students at institutions of higher education within the ,united ,states who are citizens of the ,united ,states and who choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 or related fields1 and by providing students with opportunities for research experiences in government or industry related to such students' quantum studies4 7#c7 ,quantum fellowships and scholarships 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may establish or use existing programs to support fellowships and scholarships for students at institutions of higher education for the purpose of increasing quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology exposure for undergraduate and graduate ,,stem students and increasing post-graduation employment opportunities for ,,stem students4 7,b7 ,requirements ,eligible participants in the fellowship and scholarship program shall-- 7i7 be enrolled in or have graduated from a ,,stem degree program at a domestic institution of higher education2 and 7ii7 have taken at least one quantum-science or quantum-relevant course as part of their degree programs4 7,c7 ,considerations ,eligible fellowships and scholarships may include temporary quantum-related positions at ,state or ,federal agencies1 national laboratories1 private sector entities1 institutions of higher education1 the ,quantum ,centers and ,institute established in sections #bjb1 #cjb1 #djb1 and #ejb1 or other quantum-relevant entities1 as determined appropriate by the ,director4 7,d7 ,competitive awards ,fellowships and scholarships shall be competitively awarded through a merit-review process4 ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may prioritize fellowships that include an industry partner that provides financial assistance to the applicant for direct or indirect costs4 7#d7 ,quantum research experiences for undergraduates ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall seek to increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate students by encouraging proposals in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 through the research experiences for undergraduates pursuant to section #ead of the ,america ,,competes ,reauthorization ,act of #bjaj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfbp-#f74 7#e7 ,co-operative education programs ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may establish or use existing programs to support cooperative education programs between institutions of higher education and employers that increase opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum information sciences1 engineering1 and technology4 7#f7 ,partnerships ,in carrying out the activities under this subsection1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall encourage awardees to partner with relevant ,federal agencies1 ,federal laboratories1 industry and other private sector organizations1 and nonprofit organizations to facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on learning experiences4 2 7#e7 in subsection 7d7-- 7,a7 in the subsection heading1 by striking ,,qise and inserting ,,qiset2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking information science and engineering 7referred to in this subsection as ,,qise7 and inserting information science1 engineering1 and technology 7referred to in this subsection as ,,qiset72 and 7ii7 by inserting and career and technical education entities after colleges2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking ,,qise and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by inserting 1 including those relevant to emerging technologies1 such as artificial intelligence1 microelectronics1 and nano technology after fields4 7iv7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,e7 and 7,f7 as subparagraphs 7,f7 and 7,h71 respectively2 7v7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,d7 the following new subparagraph3 7,e7 ,informal education methods to enhance experiences of students of all ages with quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology concepts and applications4 2 7vi7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,f71 as so redesignated1 the following new subparagraph3 7,g7 ,methods to introduce security and other potential societal dimensions associated with quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology into ,,stem curricula4 2 and 7vii7 in subparagraph 7,h71 as so redesignated1 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 7,d7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking ,,qise and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,e7 by striking paragraph 7#d72 and 7#f7 by adding at the end the following new subsections3 7e7 ,quantum research experiences for teachers ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to engage educators1 principals1 or other school leaders of ,k-#ab students in professional learning opportunities to enhance quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology knowledge1 including by-- 7#a7 providing hands-on training and research opportunities for such educators at ,federal ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 or in industry2 and 7#b7 developing best practices4 7f7 ,expanding capacity in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology 7,,qiset7 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with the heads of ,federal agencies the ,director considers appropriate1 shall make awards on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof7 to increase research capacity1 education and infrastructure capacity1 and broaden participation in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology and related disciplines1 including by-- 7,a7 supporting curriculum development in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology as described in section #cja7;d7 of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhda7;d772 7,b7 building upon the activities carried out under the ,next ,generation ,quantum ,leaders ,pilot ,program authorized under section #ajffa7;f7 of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibfa7;f772 and 7,c7 leveraging the readiness for the involvement of local research and education communities to secure a talent pipeline in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to meet the workforce needs of industry1 government1 and academia4 7#b7 ,collaborations ,a collaboration receiving an award under this subsection may include institutions of higher education1 nonprofit organizations1 and private sector entities4 7#c7 ,eligible institution of higher education defined ,in this subsection1 the term eligible institution of higher education means an institution of higher education1 that1 according to the data published by the ,national ,center for ,science and ,engineering ,statistics1 is not1 on average1 among the top #ajj institutions in ,federal research and development expenditures during the #c- year period prior to the year of the award4 7#d7 ,requirements ,to receive an award under this subsection1 an eligible institution shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation an application that includes the following3 7,a7 ,a plan to sustain proposed activities beyond the duration of the award4 7,b7 ,proposed quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology disciplines and focus areas the eligible institution is prepared to engage in to significantly build up its quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and education capacity4 7,c7 ,a plan for education and workforce development1 which may include ,k-#ab and post-secondary education programs and activities1 workforce training and career and technical education programs and activities1 undergraduate1 graduate1 and postdoctoral education1 and informal education programs and activities4 7#e7 ,activities ,awards under this subsection to support research and related activities may include the activities relating to the following3 7,a7 ,development or expansion of research programs in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 7#d77;,b74 7,b7 ,faculty recruitment and professional development in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 7#d77;,b74 7,c7 ,bridge programs focused on preparing post-baccalaureate students for graduate programs in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7,d7 ,to build research capacity and infrastructure at an eligible institution in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 7#d77;,b74 7,e7 ,an assessment of capacity-building and research infrastructure needs identified in paragraph 7#d77;,b74 7,f7 ,administrative research development support4 7,g7 ,other activities necessary to build research capacity in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#f7 ,additional considerations ,in making awards under this subsection1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may also consider the following3 7,a7 ,the extent to which the eligible applicant will support students from diverse backgrounds1 including first-generation undergraduate students4 7,b7 ,the geographic and institutional diversity of eligible applicants4 7,c7 ,how the eligible applicant can leverage public-private partnerships and existing research partnerships with ,federal agencies4 7#g7 ,duplication ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are complimentary to and not duplicative of existing programs4 7g7 ,faculty mid-career development awards ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may provide awards to support mid-career scientists and faculty to upgrade1 develop1 or acquire essential research instruments to start new research activities1 or expand existing activities1 focused on quantum information science1 engineering and technology4 7h7 ,international research on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in coordination with the ,secretary of ,state and the ,secretary of ,commerce1 shall support international quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research1 as appropriate1 to enhance international cooperation and meet ,united ,states commitments1 including as part of the terms and conditions of bilateral or multilateral quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research agreements4 7#b7 ,alignment ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall ensure alignment with the national ,quantum ,information ,strategy in accordance with ,executive ,order #adjgc or successor strategies4 7#c7 ,priority ,the ,director shall prioritize research programs with countries that have signed a ,quantum ,cooperation ,statement with the ,united ,states4 7#d7 ,restrictions 7,a7 ,confucius ,institute ,none of the funds made available under this section may be obligated or expended to an institution of higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between such institution and a ,confucius ,institute or any successor of a ,confucius ,institute4 7,b7 ,foreign country of concern and foreign entity of concern ,none of the funds made available under this section may be obligated or expended to promote1 establish1 or finance quantum research activities between a ,united ,states entity and a foreign country of concern or foreign entity of concern4 7i7 ,upgrading and improving access to quantum research resources 7#a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the activities described in this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with the heads of other ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate1 shall award grants to institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations 7or consortia thereof7 to upgrade research facilities and improve access to research resources1 such as equipment and instrumentation1 that is needed for research and development in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,purpose ,grants under paragraph 7#a7 shall be used to facilitate quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research and development1 including by carrying out the following3 7,a7 ,upgrading or adding research resources to accelerate the development of quantum technologies1 including capabilities focused on addressing the roadblocks to implementation1 and meet the materials1 advanced materials development1 high performance computing1 heterogeneous computing1 networking1 software1 data1 clean room1 and device needs of the scientific community and the quantum supply chain4 7,b7 ,enhancing access to equipment and instrumentation1 including at partnering institutions1 by facilitating information sharing1 coordination1 scheduling1 education1 and training1 including activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning experiences for students1 including at community and technical colleges4 7,c7 ,enabling professional staff to support the operation and improvement of research resources used for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#c7 ,requirements ,an institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit organization 7or a consortium thereof7 and industry partners seeking funding under this subsection shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director may require4 7j7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated to the ,national ,science ,foundation pursuant to section #ajcjc of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aag-afg7 for research and related activities1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation to carry out this section up to #ada1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbg4 4 #ad4 ,multidisciplinary centers for quantum research and education ,section #cjb of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhdb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a71 by striking #e and inserting #aj2 7#b7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by striking basic2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking science and engineering and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology2 and 7,c7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking and engineering and inserting 1 engineering1 and technology1 including leveraging or expanding activities established pursuant to section #cja7;d72 7#c7 in subsection 7d77#b7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking quantum science and inserting quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by inserting health1 after chemistry12 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by inserting 1 including how each participant will develop and implement outreach activities to increase the participation of women and other students from groups historically underrepresented in ,,stem before the semicolon2 7,d7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,e7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,f7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,f7 how the ,center will participate in international collaborations1 as appropriate1 to build a trusted global research network with allies and partners of the ,united ,states and other countries that share values with the ,united ,states1 including respect for international norms of fair competition4 2 7#d7 in subsection 7e71 by amending paragraph 7#b7 to read as follows3 7#b7 ,reapplication ,an awardee may reapply for an additional1 subsequent period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review4 2 and 7#e7 in subsection 7f71 by striking #bjai through #bjbc and inserting #bjbd through #bjbh4 #ae4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub ,title ,,iii of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhda et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following new sections3 #cjc4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 and the heads of other relevant ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate1 shall make an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher education or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce ,coordination ,hub 7in this section referred to as the ,hub74 7b7 ,consortium ,the ,hub established pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall include not fewer than four institutions of higher education1 including not fewer than two community colleges1 and may include career and technical schools1 nonprofit organizations1 and private sector entities4 7c7 ,purpose ,the purpose of this ,hub shall be to-- 7#a7 identify and address cross-cutting workforce development challenges in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and the quantum industry1 by serving as a national and regional clearinghouse2 and 7#b7 facilitate the establishment of programs to disseminate to institutions of higher education and career and technical education entities model curricula1 best practices1 and instructional materials4 7d7 ,activities ,the activities of the ,hub may include the following3 7#a7 ,testing1 implementing1 scaling1 disseminating1 and standardizing materials1 methods1 best practices1 and other outputs developed through activities under this ,act4 7#b7 ,increasing the integration of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology content into ,,stem curricula at all education levels1 including career and technical education programs4 7#c7 ,providing opportunities for ,,stem degree students to provide feedback on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology curricula4 7#d7 ,facilitating post-education employment opportunities and workforce pathways for ,,stem degree recipients in quantum-related industries1 including by facilitating opportunities for internships1 externships1 fellowships1 and other such activities as determined by the ,director1 including through the establishment of a publicly accessible online portal4 7#e7 ,coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit entities and small and medium-sized businesses and startups to inform and enhance the quality and availability of quantum education in ,,stem degree programs1 including through the promotion of post-graduation opportunities for ,,stem students outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum industries4 7#f7 ,supporting activities and programs to enhance the recruitment of students from groups historically underrepresented in ,,stem to pursue undergraduate and graduate studies in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#g7 ,developing1 testing1 implementing1 and coordinating career development programs and strategies for pre-university and university educators for the purpose of increasing the number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of education1 including by carrying out the following3 7,a7 ,hosting career development workshops4 7,b7 ,developing in-house and distance learning career development tools for public use4 7,c7 ,facilitating access to related quantum technology1 tools1 and resources4 7,d7 ,developing training1 research1 and professional development programs1 including innovative pre-service and in-service programs4 7,e7 ,facilitating relationships with ,state and local entities to increase awareness of and promote quantum-related career development activities at the ,hub4 7#h7 ,establishing a framework for performing ongoing regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce to report on trends1 and perform other activities that expand the understanding of the current and future needs of the quantum industry1 and education capacity or readiness of the quantum workforce4 ,such activities shall complement or align with1 as relevant1 authorized quantum and ,,stem workforce studies under section #ajffa7;d7 of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibfa7;d774 7#i7 ,facilitating public education and outreach activities to enhance the understanding and awareness of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology to a boarder community to satisfy broader impact requirements of award applications4 7#aj7 ,encouraging coordination on quantum education in the broader ,,stem community4 7e7 ,,qrew ,quantum ,fellowship ,program ,subject to the restrictions outlined in subsection 7c7 of section #cja1 the ,hub may support education or policy fellowships for students at entities participating in the consortium under subsection 7a7 or at other research centers established pursuant to this ,act at the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,department of ,energy1 or the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 for the purpose of supporting the activities described in subsection 7d74 7f7 ,industry coordination ,the ,hub shall collaborate with the ,quantum ,consortium established in section #bja7;b7 or other industry consortia to identify1 publish1 facilitate1 or enable quantum-related education and workforce development opportunities as described in subsections 7c7 and 7d74 7g7 ,application ,a consortium seeking funding under this section shall submit to the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director may require4 ,each application shall include a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following3 7#a7 ,contribute to the success of the ,hub and fulfill the purposes of the ,hub4 7#b7 ,include industry participation in fulfilling the purposes of the ,hub4 7#c7 ,collaborate with other members of the consortium to share expertise in integrating quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology into existing ,,stem programs and other relevant fields and disciplines4 7#d7 ,support long-term and short-term workforce development in the quantum field4 7#e7 ,develop and implement outreach activities to increase the participation of women and other students from groups historically underrepresented in ,,stem4 7h7 ,selection and duration 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,hub established under this section is authorized to carry out activities for a period of #e years4 7#b7 ,reapplication ,an awardee may reapply for an additional1 subsequent period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review4 7#c7 ,termination ,consistent with the authorities of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation may terminate the ,hub if it is underperforming during the performance period4 7i7 ,coordination ,the ,hub shall coordinate with other research centers established under this ,act at the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,department of ,energy1 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and other relevant ,federal agencies1 as appropriate1 on activities and resources4 7j7 ,funding ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall allocate up to #aj1jjj1jjj for the ,hub for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,amounts made available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,national ,science ,foundation4 #cjd4 ,quantum testbeds 7a7 ,in general ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 the ,secretary of ,energy1 and the heads of other ,federal agencies1 as determined appropriate by the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 shall make awards on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis to institutions of higher education1 nonprofit organizations1 ,federally ,funded ,research and ,development ,centers1 or consortia thereof1 to establish not more than five testbeds for quantum applications research and development4 7b7 ,purposes ,the quantum testbeds established under subsection 7a7 shall focus on advancing research and development for near-term and medium-term quantum application use cases by providing accessible research resources to academia and industry for developing and testing such use cases1 including through proof-of-concept testing1 demonstrations1 pilot projects1 and prototyping4 7c7 ,application proposals ,an applicant for an award under this section shall submit to the ,director a proposal at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,director may reasonably require4 ,the proposal shall1 at a minimum1 describe the following3 7#a7 ,how the applicant will assemble a workforce1 including from populations that are historically underrepresented in ,,stem1 with the skills needed to operate a quantum testbed4 7#b7 ,how the applicant will ensure broad access to a quantum testbed1 including for start-ups and small businesses4 7#c7 ,how a quantum testbed will operate after ,federal funding has ended4 7d7 ,prioritization ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall prioritize the following3 7#a7 ,applicants that ensure not less than #be percent of the cost for a testbed awarded under this section is provided by private or non-,federal entities1 including in-kind contributions4 7#b7 ,awards for consortia that include quantum industry participation4 7e7 ,roles and responsibilities ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall be responsible for the following3 7#a7 ,maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each quantum testbed established under this section4 7#b7 ,partnering with other ,federal agencies to enable opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of such agencies4 7#c7 ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this section and every two years thereafter until ,december #ca1 #bjcj1 briefing the appropriate committees of ,congress on the status of such quantum testbeds and providing recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds4 7f7 ,coordination ,in establishing quantum testbeds under this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall ensure coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting ,federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the ,national ,science ,foundation1 including those authorized pursuant to section #ajcij of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #ajiij71 or by other ,federal agencies as determined appropriate by the ,director1 to avoid duplication and maximize use of ,federal resources4 7g7 ,stakeholder collaboration ,in carrying out this section1 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall collaborate with the ,quantum ,consortium established pursuant to section #bja7;b7 to accomplish the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection 7b7 and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry stakeholders4 ,the ,director may also engage with ,national ,laboratories1 federally funded research and development centers1 industry1 and other members of the ,united ,states quantum ecosystem4 7h7 ,geographic diversity ,the ,director shall ensure regional and geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section4 7i7 ,funding ,the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation shall allocate up to #ej1jjj1jjj for the quantum testbeds under this section for each fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,amounts made available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,national ,science ,foundation4 #cje4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under title ,,iii shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7enacted as division ,b of ,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 4 #af4 ,department of ,energy quantum information science research program ,section #dja of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhea7 is amended-- 7#a7 by amending subsection 7a7 to read as follows3 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy shall carry out a research1 development1 and demonstration program on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology after science2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#c71 7#d71 and 7#e7 as paragraphs 7#e71 7#f71 and 7#g71 respectively2 7,c7 by inserting after paragraph 7#b7 the following new paragraphs3 7#c7 operate ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,research ,centers to accelerate and scale up scientific and technical breakthroughs in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for quantum researchers and industry partners1 in accordance with section #djb2 7#d7 conduct cooperative research with industry1 ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and other research institutions to facilitate the development and demonstration of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including in the fields of-- 7,a7 quantum information theory2 7,b7 quantum physics2 7,c7 quantum computational science1 including hardware and software1 including artificial intelligence1 machine learning and data science2 7,d7 quantum data storage1 including hardware and software for energy efficient data centers2 7,e7 applied mathematics and algorithm development2 7,f7 quantum communications and networking1 including hardware and software for quantum communications and networking2 7,g7 quantum sensing and detection2 7,h7 materials science and engineering2 7,i7 quantum modeling and simulation1 including molecular modeling2 7,j7 near- and long-term application development in a range of areas as determined by the ,secretary1 such as materials discovery1 advanced manufacturing1 cybersecurity1 energy efficiency and energy technologies1 energy storage and electric grid management2 7,k7 quantum chemistry2 7,l7 quantum biology2 7,m7 superconductive and high-performance microelectronics2 and 7,n7 quantum security technologies2 2 7,d7 by amending paragraph 7#e71 as so redesignated1 to read as follows3 7#e7 provide research experiences and training for additional undergraduate and graduate students in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including in the fields specified in paragraph 7#d72 2 7,e7 in paragraph 7#f71 as so redesignated-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7ii7 by redesignating subparagraph 7,f7 as subparagraph 7,j72 and 7iii7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,e7 the following new subparagraphs3 7,f7 the ,office of ,electricity2 7,g7 the ,office of ,cybersecurity1 ,energy ,security1 and ,emergency ,response2 7,h7 the ,office of ,fossil ,energy and ,carbon ,management2 7,i7 the ,office of ,technology ,transitions2 and 2 7,f7 in paragraph 7#g71 as so redesignated1 by striking the period and inserting and other relevant efforts as defined by the ,secretary of ,energy2 and2 and 7,g7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#h7 leverage the collective body of knowledge and data1 including experience and resources from existing ,federal research activities and commercially-available quantum computing hardware and software to the extent practicable4 2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,quantum high performance computing strategic plan ,not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection1 the ,secretary of ,energy shall submit to ,congress a report containing a #aj-year strategic plan to guide ,federal programs in designing1 expanding1 commercializing1 and procuring hybrid1 high performance computing systems featuring the ability to integrate a diverse set of resources1 including artificial intelligence and machine learning1 accelerated by quantum supercomputers to enable the ,department of ,energy's computing facilities to continuously advance computing resources4 ,such strategic plan shall include the following3 7#a7 ,a conceptual plan to leverage capabilities and infrastructure from the exascale computing program1 as the ,secretary of ,energy determines necessary4 7#b7 ,a plan to minimize disruptions to the advanced scientific computing workforce4 7#c7 ,a consideration of a diversity of quantum computing modalities4 7#d7 ,a plan to integrate cloud access of commercially available quantum hardware and software to complement on-premises high performance computing systems and resources consistent with the ,,quest program under section #djd4 7#e7 ,implement the plan developed under this section4 7d7 ,industry outreach ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a7 the ,secretary of ,energy shall support the quantum technology industry and promote commercialization of applications of quantum technology relevant to the ,department's activities by carrying out the following3 7#a7 ,educating-- 7,a7 the energy industry on near term and commercially available quantum technologies2 and 7,b7 the quantum industry on potential energy applications4 7#b7 ,accelerating the advancements of ,united ,states quantum computing1 communications1 networking1 sensing1 and security capabilities to protect and optimize the energy sector4 7#c7 ,advancing relevant domestic supply chains1 manufacturing capabilities1 and associated simulations or modeling capabilities4 7#d7 ,facilitating commercialization of quantum technologies from ,national ,laboratories and engaging with the ,quantum ,consortium established pursuant to section #bja7;b7 and other organizations1 as applicable1 to transition component technologies to help facilitate1 as appropriate1 the development of a quantum supply chain4 7#e7 ,where appropriate1 promoting participation by small and medium-sized businesses and startups4 7e7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,department of ,energy's ,office of ,science pursuant to section #cag of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities under this section up to #acj1jjj1jjj for each fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbg4 4 #ag4 ,,doe ,quantum ,instrumentation and ,foundry ,program ,title ,,iv of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhea et seq47 is amended by inserting after section #dja the following new section3 #dja;,a4 ,department of ,energy ,quantum ,instrumentation and ,foundry ,program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy shall establish a quantum instrumentation and infrastructure foundry program to carry out the following3 7#a7 ,maintain ,united ,states leadership in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7#b7 ,develop domestic quantum supply chains4 7#c7 ,provide resources for the broader scientific community4 7#d7 ,support activities carried out under sections #dja1 #djc1 and #djd4 7b7 ,program components ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary of ,energy shall design1 build1 develop1 purchase1 and commercialize specialized equipment1 laboratory infrastructure1 and state-of-the-art instrumentation to advance quantum engineering research and the development of quantum component technologies at a scale sufficient to meet the needs of the scientific community and enable commercialization of quantum technology4 7c7 ,quantum foundries ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 and in coordination partnership with institutions of higher education and industry1 the ,secretary of ,energy shall support the development of quantum foundries focused on meeting the device1 hardware1 software1 and materials needs of the scientific community and the quantum supply chain4 7d7 ,funding ,the ,secretary of ,energy shall allocate up to #be1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh to carry out this section1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,amounts made available to carry out this section shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,department of ,energy's ,office of ,science4 4 #ah4 ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,research ,centers ,section #djb of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hheb7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by striking basic2 7ii7 by striking science and technology and inserting science1 engineering1 and technology1 expand capacity for the domestic quantum workforce12 and 7iii7 by striking section #dja and inserting sections #dja1 #djc1 and #djd2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b77;,c71 by inserting that may include one or more commercial entities after collaborations2 7#b7 in subsection 7b71 by inserting 1 and should be inclusive of the variety of viable quantum technologies1 where appropriate before the period2 7#c7 in subsection 7c71 7,a7 by striking basic2 and 7,b7 by inserting 1 engineering1 and technology1 accelerating quantum workforce development1 after science2 7#d7 in subsection 7d77#a7-- 7,a7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 by redesignating subparagraph 7,d7 as subparagraph 7,e72 and 7,c7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,c7 the following new subparagraph3 7,d7 the ,office of ,technology ,transitions2 and 2 7#e7 in subsection 7e71 by amending paragraph 7#b7 to read as follows3 7#b7 ,renewal ,each ,center under this section may be renewed for an additional period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review and approval by the ,director4 2 and 7#f7 in subsection 7f7-- 7,a7 by striking #be1jjj1jjj and inserting #ce1jjj1jjj2 and 7,b7 by striking #bjai through #bjbc and inserting #bjbd through #bjbh4 #ai4 ,department of ,energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program ,section #djc of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhec7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7i7 by inserting 1 including after networking2 and 7ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following new paragraphs3 7#f7 where applicable1 leverage a diversity of modalities and commercially-available quantum hardware and software2 and 7#g7 develop education and training pathways related to quantum network infrastructure investments1 aligned with existing programmatic investments by the ,department of ,energy4 2 and 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,c7 and 7,d7 as subparagraphs 7,d7 and 7,e71 respectively2 and 7ii7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,b7 the following new subparagraph3 7,c7 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by inserting ground-to-space and after channels12 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking photon-based and inserting all applicable modalities of2 7iii7 in subparagraph 7,f71 by inserting 1 quantum sensors1 after quantum repeaters2 7iv7 in subparagraph 7,g7-- 7,i7 by inserting data centers1 after repeaters12 and 7,,ii7 by striking and after the semicolon2 7v7 in subparagraph 7,h7-- 7,i7 by striking the quantum technology stack and inserting quantum technology modality stacks2 and 7,,ii7 by striking ,national ,laboratories in and inserting ,national ,laboratories such as2 and 7vi7 by adding at the end the following new subparagraph3 7,i7 development of quantum network and entanglement distribution protocols or applications1 including development of network stack protocols and protocols enabling integration with existing technologies or infrastructure2 and 7,j7 development of high efficiency room-temperature photon detectors for quantum photonic applications1 including quantum networking and communications2 2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#d7-- 7i7 by striking basic2 and 7ii7 by striking material and inserting materials2 and 7,d7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking fundamental2 7#c7 in subsection 7c77#f71 by inserting 1 including small and medium-sized businesses and startups before the semicolon2 and 7#d7 in subsection 7d71 by striking basic research and inserting research1 development1 and demonstration4 #bj4 ,department of ,energy ,quantum ,user ,expansion for ,science and ,technology program ,section #djd of the of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhed7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding paragraph 7#a71 by striking and quantum computing clouds and inserting 1 software1 and cloud-based quantum computers2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#c71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,c7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following new paragraphs3 7#e7 to enable development of software and applications1 including estimation of resources needed to scale applications2 and 7#f7 to develop near-term quantum applications to solve public and private sector problems4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking the period and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,c7 by at the end the following new paragraphs3 7#f7 enables users to develop algorithms1 software tools1 simulators1 and applications for quantum systems using cloud-based quantum computers2 and 7#g7 partner with appropriate public and private sector entities to develop training and education opportunities on prototype and early-state devices4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#d71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 and 7#h7 as paragraphs 7#e71 7#f71 7#g71 7#h71 and 7#i71 respectively2 7,b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#c7 the following new paragraph3 7#d7 the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration2 2 and 7,c7 in paragraph 7#g71 as so redesignated1 by inserting 1 including small and medium-sized businesses and startups before the semicolon2 and 7#d7 in subsection 7e7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking and after the semicolon2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking the period and inserting 2 and2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following new paragraph3 7#f7 #ch1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbh4 4 #ba4 ,quantum information science to enhance the resilience1 security1 and efficiency of the electric grid 7a7 ,in general ,title ,,iv of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhea et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #dje4 ,quantum information science to enhance the resilience and security of the electric grid 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this section as the ,secretary7 shall conduct research1 development1 and demonstration activities focused on the use of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including through quantum applications and quantum computing1 to enhance the resilience1 security1 and efficiency of the electric grid in the ,united ,states4 7b7 ,research areas ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,secretary may conduct research in the following areas3 7#a7 ,fault detection and prediction4 7#b7 ,grid security and safety1 including through post-quantum cryptography4 7#c7 ,integrated grid planning4 7#d7 ,grid optimization4 7#e7 ,enhanced modeling4 7#f7 ,energy storage4 7#g7 ,energy market optimization4 7#h7 ,any other area in which1 in the determination of the ,secretary1 quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology can enhance the resilience1 security1 and efficiency of the electric grid in the ,united ,states4 7c7 ,cooperation ,to the extent practicable1 the ,secretary shall conduct research1 development1 and demonstration activities under subsection 7a7 in cooperation1 including through partnerships1 as the ,secretary determines to be appropriate1 with members of relevant industries1 ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and other relevant institutions1 including research institutions1 as determined by the ,secretary4 4 7b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7,public ,law #aae-cfh2 #acb ,stat4 #ejib2 #acf ,stat4 #adda7 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #djd the following3 ,sec4 #dje4 ,quantum information science to enhance the resilience and security of the electric grid4,sec4 #djf4 ,research security4 4 #bb4 ,research security ,title ,,iv of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhea et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following new section3 #djf4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under title ,,iv shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7enacted as division ,b of ,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 4 #bc4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities ,the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act is amended by adding at the end the following new title3 ,v ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities #eja4 ,quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research for space and aeronautics 7a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration is authorized to carry out research on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7b7 ,cooperation ,in carrying out subsection 7a71 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration-- 7#a7 shall consider cooperative arrangements with the ,department of ,energy and other ,federal ,government agencies1 as practicable1 on areas of shared benefit2 and 7#b7 may enter into memoranda of understanding or memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative arrangements4 7c7 ,strategy ,not later than #ahj days after the date of the enactment of this title1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of ,congress a strategy for ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration research on quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 ,the strategy shall identify resources required to support implementation of the strategy1 including budgets1 workforce1 and infrastructure1 describe cooperative efforts with other ,federal ,government agencies1 and address areas of research and applications1 including the following3 7#a7 ,quantum sensing4 7#b7 ,quantum networking4 7#c7 ,quantum communications1 including quantum satellite communications4 7#d7 ,quantum computing4 7#e7 ,science1 aeronautics1 and exploration-related applications4 7#f7 ,any other area on quantum information1 science1 engineering1 and technology the ,administrator determines necessary4 7d7 ,consultation ,in developing the strategy described in subsection 7c71 the ,administrator may seek input from relevant external stakeholders1 including institutions of higher education1 industry1 and nonprofit research organizations4 #ejb4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum institute 7a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 in consultation with the heads of other ,federal departments and agencies1 as appropriate1 may carry out a program to establish an institute focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology4 7b7 ,institute details 7#a7 ,competitive1 merit-reviewed process ,the institute under this section shall be established through a competitive1 merit-reviewed process4 7#b7 ,applications ,an eligible applicant under this section shall submit to the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration an application at such time1 in such manner1 and containing such information as the ,administrator determines to be appropriate4 7#c7 ,eligible applicants ,when administering the process described in paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration shall consider applications from institutions of higher education1 research centers1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and any other entity that the ,administrator determines to be appropriate4 7#d7 ,collaborations ,a collaboration that receives an award under this section may include multiple types of research institutions1 private sector entities1 and nonprofit organizations4 7#e7 ,coordination ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration shall ensure an awardee under this section coordinates the activities carried out under this section with the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 and avoids unnecessary duplication of the existing activities of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 other activities carried out under this ,act1 and other related programs1 as appropriate4 7#f7 ,commercial technology ,the institute under this section may leverage commercially-available hardware and software to carry out the activities described in subsection 7c74 7c7 ,institute activities ,the institute under this section may carry out activities that-- 7#a7 support research focused on developing space and aeronautics applications for quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 including as related to the results of the strategy under section #eja7;c72 and 7#b7 support quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology education and public outreach4 7d7 ,institute requirements ,to the maximum extent practicable1 the institute under this section shall serve the needs of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration for the benefit of the broader ,united ,states quantum information science community1 to create and develop processes for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics applications in quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology1 and improving the competitiveness of the ,united ,states4 7e7 ,institute selection and duration 7#a7 ,in general ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the institute under this section may carry out activities for a period of #e years4 7#b7 ,reapplication ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 an awardee may reapply for an additional1 subsequent period of #e years following a successful1 merit-based review4 7#c7 ,termination ,consistent with the authorities of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration may terminate the institute for cause during the performance period4 #ejc4 ,authorization of appropriations ,the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration shall allocate up to #be1jjj1jjj to carry out the activities authorized in sections #eja and #ejb for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbh1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 ,amounts made available to carry out sections #eja and #ejb shall be derived from amounts appropriated or otherwise made available to the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration4 #ejd4 ,research security ,the activities authorized under title ,v shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle ,d of title ,,vi of the ,research and ,development1 ,competition1 and ,innovation ,act 7enacted as division ,b of ,public ,law #aag-afg2 #db ,u4,s4,c4 #aibca et seq474 4 #bd4 ,national ,science ,foundation cryptography research ,subsection 7a77#a77;,a7 of section #d of the ,cyber ,security ,research and ,development ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #gdjc7 is amended by inserting 1 including post-quantum cryptography 7as such term is defined in section #c of the ,quantum ,computing ,cybersecurity ,preparedness ,act 7#f ,u4,s4,c4 #aebf note2 ,public ,law #aag-bfj77 before the semicolon4 #be4 ,clerical amendments ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act is amended as follows3 7#a7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #aje the following new item3 ,sec4 #aje;,a4 ,international ,quantum ,cooperation ,strategy4 4 7#b7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #bja the following new items3 ,sec4 #bjb4 ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,quantum ,centers4 2 7#c7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #cjb the following new items3 ,sec4 #cjc4 ,quantum ,reskilling1 ,education1 and ,workforce 7,,qrew7 ,coordination ,hub4,sec4 #cjd4 ,quantum testbeds4 4 7#d7 ,by inserting after the item relating to section #dja the following new item3 ,sec4 #dja;,a4 ,department of ,energy ,quantum ,instrumentation and ,foundry ,program4 4 7#e7 ,by adding at the end the following new items3 ,title ,v--,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum activities,sec4 #eja4 ,quantum information science1 engineering1 and technology research for space and aeronautics4,sec4 #ejb4 ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration quantum institute4,sec4 #ejc4 ,authorization of appropriations4,sec4 #ejd4 ,research security4 4 ,july #be1 #bjbd,reported with an amendment1 committed to the ,committee of the ,whole ,house on the ,state of the ,union1 and ordered to be printed