,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #eigg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #ag1 #bjbc    
,mr4 ,w5/rup 7= himself & ,ms4          
,spanb]g]7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill      
,octob] #be1 #bjbc ,ref]r$ to !         
,committee on ,ov]sight &               
,acc\ntability1 & 9 addition to !       
,committees on ,intellig5ce 7,p]man5t   
,select71 & ,en]gy & ,comm]ce1 = a p]iod
 to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1
 9 ea* case = consid]ation ( su*        
provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! 
committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to       
improve ! classification &              
declassification ( national security    
in=mation1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort 
title2 table ( cont5ts  7a7 ,%ort title 
,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,s5sible      
,classification ,act ( #bjbc4  7b7      
,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts =   
?is ,act is z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort  
title2 table ( cont5ts4 ,sec4 #b4 ,f9d+s
 & s5se ( ,congress4 ,sec4 #c4          
,classification au?ority4 ,sec4 #d4     

,promot+ effici5t declassification      
review4 ,sec4 #e4 ,tra9+ to promote     
s5sible classification4 ,sec4 #f4       
,improvem5ts to ,public ,int]e/         
,declassification ,bo>d4 ,sec4 #g4      
,implem5tation ( te*nology =            
classification & declassification4 ,sec4
 #h4 ,/udies & recomm5dations on        
necessity ( security cle>ances4 ,sec4   
#i4 ,def9itions4  #b4 ,f9d+s & s5se (   
,congress  7a7 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !  
foll[+3 7#a7 ,accord+ to a report       
releas$ by ! ,(fice ( ! ,director (     
,intellig5ce 9 #bjbj titl$ ,fiscal ,ye> 
#bjai ,annual ,report on ,security      
,cle>ance ,det]m9ations1 m ?an          
#d1jjj1jjj individuals h be5 grant$     
eligibility = a security cle>ance4  7#b7
 ,at lea/ #a1cjj1jjj ( su* individuals h
 be5 grant$ access to in=mation         
classifi$ at ! ,top ,secret level4  7b7 
,s5se ( ,congress ,x is ! s5se (        
,congress t--  7#a7 ! classification    
sy/em ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t is 9 urg5t   
ne$ ( re=m2  7#b7 ! numb] ( p ) access  

to classifi$ in=mation is exce$+ly high 
& mu/ be ju/ifi$ or r$uc$2  7#c7 re=ms  
are necess>y to ree/abli% tru/ betwe5 ! 
,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & ! p ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates2 &  7#d7 classification %\ld be  
limit$ to ! m9imum necess>y to protect  
national security :ile balanc+ !        
public's int]e/ 9 disclosure4  #c4      
,classification au?ority  7a7 ,9 g5]al  
,! au?ority to classify in=mation       
orig9ally may be ex]cis$ only by-- 7#a7 
! ,presid5t &1 9 ! dis*>ge ( executive  
duties & responsibilities1 ! ,vice      
,presid5t2  7#b7 ! head or any o!r      
(ficial ( any ag5cy au?oriz$ by !       
,presid5t pursuant to a designation (   
su* au?ority 9 ! ,f$]al ,regi/]2 &  7#c7
 an (ficial ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to :om 
au?ority to classify in=mation orig9ally
 has be5 delegat$ pursuant to subsection
 7c74  7b7 ,scope ( au?ority ,an        
individual au?oriz$ "u ?is section to   
classify in=mation orig9ally at a       
specifi$ level may also classify        
in=mation orig9ally at a l[] level4  7c7

 ,delegation ( orig9al classification   
au?ority ,an (ficial ( ! ,f$]al         
,gov]nm5t may be delegat$ orig9al       
classification au?ority subject to !    
foll[+3  7#a7 ,delegation ( orig9al     
classification au?ority %all be limit$  
to ! m9imum requir$ to adm9i/] ?is      
section4 ,ag5cy heads %all be           
responsible = ensur+ t designat$        
subord9ate (ficials h a demon/rable &   
cont9u+ ne$ to ex]cise su* au?ority4    
7#b7 ,au?ority to orig9ally classify    
in=mation at ! level designat$ z ,top   
,secret may be delegat$ only by !       
,presid5t1 9 ! p]=mance ( executive     
duties1 ! ,vice ,presid5t1 or an ag5cy  
head or (ficial designat$ pursuant to   
subsection 7a77#b74  7#c7 ,au?ority to  
orig9ally classify in=mation at ! level 
designat$ z ,secret or ,confid5tial may 
be delegat$ only by ! ,presid5t1 9 !    
dis*>ge ( executive duties &            
responsibilities1 ! ,vice ,presid5t1 or 
an ag5cy head or (ficial designat$      
pursuant to subsection 7a77#b71 or !    

s5ior ag5cy (ficial describ$ 9 section  
#e4d7;d7 ( ,executive ,ord] #acebf 7#ej 
,u4,s4,c4 #cafa note2 relat+ to         
classifi$ national security in=mation71 
or successor ord]1 provid$ t (ficial has
 be5 delegat$ ,top ,secret orig9al      
classification au?ority by ! ag5cy head4
  7#d7 ,ea* delegation ( orig9al        
classification au?ority %all be 9 writ+ 
& ! au?ority %all n be r$elegat$ except 
z provid$ by p>agraph 7#a71 7#b71 or    
7#c74 ,ea* delegation %all id5tify !    
(ficial by "n or position title4  7d7   
,tra9+ requir$  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,an       
individual may n be delegat$ orig9al    
classification au?ority "u ?is section  
unless ! individual has fir/ receiv$    
tra9+ describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b74  7#b7   
,tra9+ describ$ ,tra9+ describ$ 9 ?is   
p>agraph is tra9+ on orig9al            
classification t includes in/ruction on 
! prop] safegu>d+ ( classifi$ in=mation 
& ( ! crim9al1 civil1 & adm9i/rative    
sanctions t may be br\ght aga9/ an      
individual :o fails to protect classifi$

 in=mation f unau?oriz$ disclosure4  7e7
 ,exceptional cases  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,:5  
an employee1 contractor1 lic5see1       
c]tificate hold]1 or grantee ( an ag5cy 
:o does n h orig9al classification      
au?ority orig9ates in=mation believ$ by 
t employee1 contractor1 lic5see1        
c]tificate hold]1 or grantee to require 
classification1 ! in=mation %all be     
protect$ 9 a mann] consi/5t ) ,executive
 ,ord] #acebf 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #cafa note2
 relat+ to classifi$ national security  
in=mation71 or successor ord]4  7#b7    
,transmission ,an employee1 contractor1 
lic5see1 c]tificate hold]1 or grantee   
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a71 :o orig9ates  
in=mation describ$ 9 su* p>agraph1 %all 
promptly transmit su* in=mation to--    
7,a7 ! head ( ! ag5cy t has appropriate 
subject matt] int]e/ & classification   
au?ority ) respect to ! in=mation2 or   
7,b7 if x is n cle> :i* ag5cy has       
appropriate subject matt] int]e/ &      
classification au?ority ) respect to !  
in=mation1 to ! ,director ( ! ,in=mation

 ,security ,ov]sight ,(fice ( !         
,national ,ar*ives & ,records           
,adm9i/ration4  7#c7 ,in=mation         
,security ,ov]sight ,(fice action ,if ! 
,director ( ! ,in=mation ,security      
,ov]sight ,(fice receives in=mation "u  
p>agraph 7#b77;,b71 ! ,director %all    
det]m9e :i* ag5cy has appropriate       
subject matt] int]e/ & classification   
au?ority & submit ! in=mation1 )        
appropriate recomm5dations1 to ! head ( 
t ag5cy = a classification det]m9ation4 
7#d7 ,tim+ ( det]m9ations ,n lat] ?an   
#cj days aft] ! head ( ag5cy receives   
in=mation pursuant to p>agraph 7#b77;,a7
 or 7#c71 ! head %all make a det]m9ation
 z to :e!r to classify ! in=mation4  #d4
 ,promot+ effici5t declassification     
review  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,:5ev] ! head ( an 
ag5cy is process+ a reque/ pursuant to  
section #eeb ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code 7commonly kn[n z ! ,fre$om (      
,in=mation ,act7 or ! m&atory           
declassification review provisions (    
,executive ,ord] #acebf 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4  

#cafa note2 relat+ to classifi$ national
 security in=mation71 or successor ord]1
 & id5tifies responsive classifi$       
records t are m ?an #be-ye>s-(-age z (  
,decemb] #ca ( ! ye> 9 :i* ! reque/ is  
receiv$1 ! head ( ! ag5cy %all review ! 
record & process ! record =             
declassification & release by !         
,national ,declassification ,c5t] ( !   
,national ,ar*ives & ,records           
,adm9i/ration4  7b7 ,application        
,subsection 7a7 %all apply--  7#a7      
reg>dless ( :e!r or n ! record describ$ 
9 su* subsection is 9 ! legal cu/ody ( !
 ,national ,ar*ives & ,records          
,adm9i/ration2 &  7#b7 )\t reg>d = any  
o!r provisions ( law or exi/+ agreem5ts 
or practices betwe5 ag5cies4  #e4 ,tra9+
 to promote s5sible classification  7a7 
,tra9+ requir$ ,ea* head ( an ag5cy )   
classification au?ority %all conduct    
tra9+ = employees ( su* ag5cy )         
classification au?ority to disc\rage    
ov]-classification & to promote s5sible 
classification4  7b7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is 

section3  7#a7 ,ov]-classification ,!   
t]m ov]-classification means            
classification at a level t exce$s !    
m9imum level ( classification t is      
suffici5t to protect ! national security
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#b7 ,s5sible      
classification ,! t]m s5sible           
classification means classification at a
 level t is ! m9imum level (            
classification t is suffici5t to protect
 ! national security ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 
#f4 ,improvem5ts to ,public ,int]e/     
,declassification ,bo>d ,section #gjc ( 
! ,public ,int]e/ ,declassification ,act
 ( #bjjj 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #ccee;a7 is     
am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7c71 by add+  
at ! end ! foll[+3  7#e7 ,a memb] ( !   
,bo>d ^: t]m has expir$ may cont9ue to  
s]ve until a successor is appo9t$ &     
sworn 94  2 &  7#b7 9 subsection 7f7--  
7,a7 by ins]t+ 7#a7 be=e ,any employee2 
&  7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7#b7
 ,9 addition to any employees detail$ to
 ! ,bo>d "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,bo>d may  
hire n m ?an #ab /aff memb]s4  4  #g4   

,implem5tation ( te*nology =            
classification & declassification  7a7  
,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date 
( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,adm9i/rator 
( ! ,(fice ( ,electronic ,gov]nm5t ( !  
,(fice ( ,managem5t & ,budget 79 ?is    
section ref]r$ to z ! ,adm9i/rator71 9  
consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se1 ! 
,director ( ! ,c5tral ,intellig5ce      
,ag5cy1 ! ,director ( ,national         
,intellig5ce1 ! ,director ( ! ,in=mation
 ,security ,ov]sight ,(fice1 ! head ( ! 
,national ,declassification ,c5t] ( !   
,national ,ar*ives & ,records           
,adm9i/ration1 & ! ,public ,int]e/      
,declassification ,bo>d1 %all--  7#a7   
rese>* a te*nology-bas$ solution-- 7,a7 
us+ ma*9e le>n+ & artificial intellig5ce
 to support effici5t & effective sy/ems 
= classification & declassification2 &  
7,b7 to be implem5t$ on an int]op]able &
 f$]at$ basis across ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2
 &  7#b7 submit to ! ,presid5t a        
recomm5dation reg>d+ a te*nology-bas$   
solution describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#a7 t %\ld

 be adopt$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4  7b7  
,/aff ,! ,adm9i/rator may hire suffici5t
 /aff to c>ry out subsection 7a74  7c7  
,report  7#a7 ,submission ,n lat] ?an   
#edj days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act1 ! ,presid5t %all submit to       
,congress a report on ! te*nology-bas$  
solution recomm5d$ by ! ,adm9i/rator "u 
subsection 7a77#b7 & ! det]m9ation ( !  
,presid5t reg>d+ its adoption4  7#b7 ,=m
 ,! report "u p>agraph 7#a7 may be      
submitt$ 9 classifi$ =m4  #h4 ,/udies & 
recomm5dations on necessity ( security  
cle>ances  7a7 ,/udies on necessity (   
security cle>ances  7#a7 ,/udies requir$
 ,! head ( ea* ag5cy t grants security  
cle>ances to p]sonnel ( su* ag5cy %all  
conduct a /udy on ! necessity ( su*     
security cle>ances4  7#b7 ,reports      
requir$  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a   
ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1
 ea* head ( an ag5cy t conducts a /udy  
"u p>agraph 7#a7 %all submit to         
,congress a report on ! f9d+s ( ! head )
 respect to su* /udy1 :i* ! head may    

classify z appropriate4  7,b7 ,requir$  
elem5ts ,ea* report submitt$ by ! head (
 an ag5cy "u subp>agraph 7,a7 %all      
include1 = su* ag5cy1 ! foll[+3  7i7 ,! 
numb] ( p]sonnel eligible = access to   
in=mation up to ! ,top ,secret level4   
7ii7 ,! numb] ( p]sonnel eligible =     
access to in=mation up to ! ,secret     
level4  7iii7 ,in=mation on ! any       
r$uction 9 ! numb] ( p]sonnel eligible =
 access to classifi$ in=mation bas$ on !
 /udy conduct$ "u p>agraph 7#a74  7iv7  
,a description ( h[ ! head w ensure t ! 
numb] ( security cle>ances grant$ by su*
 ag5cy w be kept to ! m9imum requir$ = !
 conduct ( ag5cy functions1 comm5surate 
) ! size1 ne$s1 & mission ( ! ag5cy4    
7#c7 ,indu/ry ,?is subsection %all apply
 to ! ,secret>y ( ,def5se 9 ! capacity (
 su* ,secret>y z ! ,executive ,ag5t = ! 
,national ,indu/rial ,security ,program4
 ,! ,secret>y ( ,def5se %all treat      
contractors1 lic5sees1 & grantees z     
p]sonnel ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se =      
purposes ( ! /udies & reports requir$ by

 ?is subsection4  7b7 ,director (       
,national ,intellig5ce review ( s5sitive
 comp>tm5t$ in=mation ,! ,director (    
,national ,intellig5ce %all--  7#a7     
review ! numb] ( p]sonnel eligible =    
access to s5sitive comp>tm5t$ in=mation2
 &  7#b7 submit to ,congress a report on
 h[ ! ,director w ensure t ! numb] ( su*
 p]sonnel is limit$ to ! m9imum requir$4
  7c7 ,ag5cy review ( special access    
programs ,ea* head ( an ag5cy :o is     
au?oriz$ to e/abli% a special access    
program by ,executive ,ord] #acebf 7#ej 
,u4,s4,c4 #cafa note2 relat+ to         
classifi$ national security in=mation71 
or successor ord]1 %all-- 7#a7 review ! 
numb] ( p]sonnel ( ! ag5cy eligible =   
access to su* special access programs2 &
  7#b7 submit to ,congress a report on  
h[ ! head w ensure t ! numb] ( su*      
p]sonnel is limit$ to ! m9imum requir$4 
7d7 ,secret>y ( ,en]gy review ( ,q & ,l 
cle>ances ,! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy %all--  
7#a7 review ! numb] ( p]sonnel ( !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy grant$ ,q & ,l       

access2 &  7#b7 submit to ,congress a   
report on h[ ! ,secret>y w ensure t !   
numb] ( su* p]sonnel is limit$ to !     
m9imum requir$4  7e7 ,indep5d5t reviews 
,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date on :i*
 a /udy is complet$ "u subsection 7a7 or
 a review is complet$ "u subsections 7b7
 ?r\gh 7d71 ! ,director ( ! ,in=mation  
,security ,ov]sight ,(fice ( ! ,national
 ,ar*ives & ,records ,adm9i/ration1 !   
,director ( ,national ,intellig5ce1 & ! 
,public ,int]e/ ,declassification ,bo>d 
%all ea* review ! /udy or review1 z !   
case may be4  #i4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is    
,act3  7#a7 ,ag5cy ,! t]m ag5cy has !   
mean+ giv5 ! t]m ,executive ag5cy 9     
section #aje ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates  
,code4  7#b7 ,classifi$ in=mation ,! t]m
 classifi$ in=mation means in=mation t  
has be5 det]m9$ pursuant to ,executive  
ord] #abieh 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #cafa note2  
relat+ to classifi$ national security   
in=mation71 or successor ord]1 to       
require protection aga9/ unau?oriz$     
disclosure & is m>k$ to indicate its    

classifi$ /atus :5 9 docum5t>y =m4  7#c7
 ,classification ,! t]m classification  
means ! act or process by :i* in=mation 
is det]m9$ to be classifi$ in=mation4   
7#d7 ,declassification ,! t]m           
declassification means ! au?oriz$ *ange 
9 ! /atus ( in=mation f classifi$       
in=mation to unclassifi$ in=mation4     
7#e7 ,docum5t ,! t]m docum5t means any  
record$ in=mation1 reg>dless ( ! nature 
( ! m$ium or ! me?od or circum/ances (  
record+4  7#f7 ,d[ngrade ,! t]m d[ngrade
 means a det]m9ation by a               
declassification au?ority t in=mation   
classifi$ & safegu>d$ at a specifi$     
level %all be classifi$ & safegu>d$ at a
 l[] level4  7#g7 ,in=mation ,! t]m     
in=mation means any k t c be communicat$
 or docum5t>y mat]ial1 reg>dless ( its  
physical =m or *>act]i/ics1 t is own$   
by1 is produc$ by or =1 or is "u !      
control ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4    
7#h7 ,orig9ate1 orig9at+1 & orig9at$ ,! 
t]m orig9ate1 orig9at+1 & orig9at$1 )   
respect to classifi$ in=mation & an     

au?ority1 means ! au?ority t classifi$ !
 in=mation 9 ! fir/ in/ance4  7#i7      
,records ,! t]m records means ! records 
( an ag5cy & ,presid5tial pap]s or      
,presid5tial records1 z ^? t]ms are     
def9$ 9 title #dd1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 
includ+ ^? creat$ or ma9ta9$ by a       
gov]nm5t contractor1 lic5see1 c]tificate
 hold]1 or grantee t are subject to !   
sponsor+ ag5cy's control "u ! t]ms ( !  
contract1 lic5se1 c]tificate1 or grant4 
7#aj7 ,security cle>ance ,! t]m security
 cle>ance means an au?orization to      
access classifi$ in=mation4  7#aa7      
,unau?oriz$ disclosure ,! t]m unau?oriz$
 disclosure means a communication or    
physical transf] ( classifi$ in=mation  
to an unau?oriz$ recipi5t4  7#ab7       
,unclassifi$ in=mation ,! t]m           
unclassifi$ in=mation means in=mation t 
is n classifi$ in=mation4