,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #eijg  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #f1 #bjbc ,mr4
 ,s*iff 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,quigley1 ,mr4 
,himes1 ,ms4 ,norton1 ,mr4 ,coh51 ,mr4  
,c>son1 ,mr4 ,%]man1 ,mr4 ,kri%namoor?i1
 ,mr4 ,mc,govern1 & ,mr4 ,case7         
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill  ,octob] #be1   
#bjbc ,ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !      
,judici>y1 & 9 addition to ! ,committee 
on ,=eign ,affairs1 = a p]iod to be     
subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 ea* 
case = consid]ation ( su* provisions z  
fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee    
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to crim9alize      
transnational repression1 & = o!r       
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,/op ,transnational        
,repression ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress 
f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,transnational     
repression is n curr5tly codifi$ or     
def9$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates law4  7#b7 ,!     
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation def9es   
transnational repression z =eign        
gov]nm5t brea* ( national bord]s ?r\gh  

physical & digital means to intimidate1 
sil5ce1 co]ce1 h>ass1 or h>m memb]s (   
diaspora & exile communities 9 violation
 ( ,unit$ ,/ates law4 ,transnational    
repression is (t5 us$ to sil5ce         
individuals :o are p]ceiv$ to oppose or 
are critical ( a gov]nm5t1 includ+      
j\rnali/s1 writ]s & arti/s1 human rights
 def5d]s1 religi\s or e?nic m9ority     
gr\ps1 & political oppon5ts4 ,me?ods (  
transnational repression may include    
physical & digital /alk+1 h>assm5t1     
comput] hack+1 phone tapp+1 ,,int]pol   
abuse1 crim9al ?reats1 assaults1        
attempt$ kidnapp+s1 co]c$ repatriation1 
& deta9+ family memb]s 9 ! home c\ntry4 
7#c7 ,transnational repression is n     
limit$ to physical acts ( intimidation &
 h>assm5t4 ,accord+ to ,citiz5 ,lab1    
digital transnational repression tools  
are us$ to facilitate gov]nm5t rea*     
beyond bord]s to ga9 access to social   
m$ia & email acc\nts1 includ+ ?r\gh     
phi%+ attacks1 z]o-click spyw>e hacks1  
social m$ia page tak$[ns1 ,,sim c>d     

hacks1 & fake invitations to conf]5ces4 
,= human rights activi/s & dissid5ts1   
?is has a s]i\s impact on _! advocacy "w
 & s5se ( security1 ev5 if !y h relocat$
 to escape physical intimidation4  7#d7 
,on ,febru>y #bc1 #bjbb1 ! ,national    
,security ,division ( ! ,dep>tm5t (     
,ju/ice laun*$ a ,/rategy = ,c\nt]+     
,nation-,/ate ,?reats 9 ord] to support 
a compreh5sive1 :ole-(-gov]nm5t approa* 
to address+ ?reats ! ,unit$ ,/ates faces
 f ho/ile nations1 includ+ transnational
 repression4  7#e7 ,?r\gh\t #bjbb1 !    
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice *>g$ a numb] (      
individuals ) /alk+1 h>ass+1 & illicitly
 act+ z ag5ts ( =eign gov]nm5ts1 :o     
alleg$ly p]petrat$ transnational        
repression to sil5ce ,unit$ ,/ates      
resid5ts :o 7 critics ( ! ,p's ,republic
 ( ,*9a4  7#f7 ,9 ,janu>y #bjbc1 !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice ann\nc$ *>ges &     
arre/s 9 a case involv+ an assass9ation 
plot direct$ f ,iran aga9/ a critic ( ! 
regime4 ,! ,dep>tm5t /at$1 ,^! *>ges are
 j ! late/ example ( individuals 9 ,iran

 direct+ deadly viol5ce on ,u4,s4 soil44
  7#g7 ,transnational repression is a   
gr[+ problem4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice has
 report$ an al>m+ rise 9 plots emanat+ f
 ,iran1 ,*9a1 ,russia1 & else:]e1 t>get+
 p 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z ( ,april #bjbc1
 ,fre$om ,h\se has docum5t$ #hed direct1
 physical cases ( transnational         
repression t took place globally betwe5 
#bjad & #bjbb4  7#h7 ,fre$om ,h\se      
record$ a total ( #gi new incid5ts (    
transnational repression globally       
committ$ by #bj gov]nm5ts 9 #bjbb4 ,two 
gov]nm5ts1 ,banglade% & ,djib\ti1 7 add$
 to ! li/ ( p]petrators1 br++ ! total   
numb] ( /ates engag$ 9 transnational    
repression ar\nd ! _w to #ch4 ,! numb] (
 c\ntries :]e acts ( transnational      
repression took place rose f #hd to #ia 
9 #bjbb1 includ+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1       
accord+ to ,fre$om ,h\se4  #c4 ,s5se (  
,congress ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t    
ho/ile nations & au?orit>ian regimes h  
increas+ly & aggressively t>get$        
individuals 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & p]sons  

outside ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ag5ts ( ^!    
gov]nm5ts h act$ outside diplomatic     
*annels to ?reat51 intimidate1 h>ass1   
surveil1 /alk1 sil5ce1 & ev5 plot to    
physically h>m or kidnap p]sons )9      
,u4,s4 bord]s4 ,al?\gh transnational    
repression (t5 involves actions t are   
already prohibit$ by ,u4,s4 law1 _!     
=eign gov]nm5t back+ r5d] ^! activities 
m dang]\s ?an ! und]ly+ acts (          
intimidation or h>assm5t alone4 ,!re=e1 
x is necess>y to =mally def9e &         
crim9alize transnational repression 9   
,f$]al law1 & to m actively track &     
report on in/ances ( transnational      
repression 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & affect+  
,unit$ ,/ates p]sons4 ,x is also        
necess>y to cont9ue to "w ) =eign p>tn]s
 to address ?is issue 9 a coord9at$     
mann]1 includ+ 9 multilat]al sett+s4    
#d4 ,crim9aliz+ transnational repression
  7a7 ,(f5se ,*apt] #de ( title #ah1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by add+ at
 ! end ! foll[+3  #iga4 ,transnational  
repression  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,:oev] kn[+ly  

commits an act ( transnational          
repression %all be f9$ "u ?is title &   
imprison$ n m ?an #aj ye>s1 or bo?1 & if
 dea? or s]i\s bodily injury results f !
 act1 or if su* act include ! use1      
attempt$ use1 or ?reat5$ use ( a dang]\s
 weapon1 kidnapp+ or an attempt to      
kidnap1 or aggravat$ sexual abuse1 or an
 attempt to commit aggravat$ sexual     
abuse1 %all be f9$ "u ?is title1 or     
imprison$ = any t]m ( ye>s or = life1 or
 bo?4  7b7 ,attempt or conspiracy ,:oev]
 attempts or conspires to commit an     
(f5se "u ?is section %all be subject to 
! same p5alties z ^? prescrib$ = !      
(f5se1 ! commission ( :i* 0 ! object ( !
 attempt or conspiracy4  7c7 ,s5t5c+    
enhancem5t ,:oev] kn[+ly commits1       
attempts1 or conspires to commit an     
(f5se "u any o!r section ( ?is title at 
! direction ( or "u ! control ( a =eign 
gov]nm5t or (ficial or on behalf ( _!   
proxy :ile engag$ 9 & 9 fur!rance (     
transnational repression %all1 9        
addition to ! puni%m5t au?oriz$ = su*   

(f5se1 be subject to a s5t5c+ enhancem5t
 ( up to t5 ye>s 9 prison4  7d7         
,extrat]ritorial ,jurisdiction ,!re is  
extrat]ritorial ,f$]al jurisdiction ov] 
an (f5se "u ?is section4  7e7           
,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,ag5t (
 a =eign gov]nm5t ,! t]m ag5t ( a =eign 
gov]nm5t means an individual :o op]ates 
subject to ! direction or control ( a   
=eign gov]nm5t or (ficial4  7#b7        
,extrajudicial kill+ ,! t]m             
extrajudicial kill+ means an act ) !    
int5tion to or 9 ! k t su* act w end !  
life ( ano!r p]son1 :5 t act is n       
incid5t to lawful sanction1 public      
necessity1 self-def5se or ! def5se (    
o!rs1 or ! law ( arm$ conflict4  7#c7   
,proxy ,! t]m proxy means an individual 
act+ on behalf ( an ag5t ( a =eign      
gov]nm5t4  7#d7 ,transnational          
repression ,! t]m transnational         
repression means any activity by a =eign
 gov]nm5t1 or an ag5t ( a =eign gov]nm5t
 or a proxy !re(1 t satisfies ea* ( !   
foll[+3 7,a7 ,! activity involves--  7i7

 any ef=t int5d$ to co]ce1 h>ass1 or    
digitally or physically ?reat51 includ+ 
by =ce or reasonable fe> ( dea? or s]i\s
 bodily injury or imprisonm5t ( a p]son 
or an imm$iate family memb] ( a p]son1 a
 p]son to take an action 9 ! int]e/ ( a 
=eign gov]nm5t2  7ii7 any ef=t int5d$ to
 h>ass or co]ce1 includ+ by =ce or fe>1 
a p]son to =ebe> f ex]cis+ _! ,fir/     
,am5dm5t rights or any o!r "r gu>ante$  
to ! p]son by ! ,con/itution or laws ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates1 or to retaliate aga9/ a 
p]son = hav+ ex]cis$ su* a "r2  7iii7 an
 extrajudicial kill+2 or  7iv7 any act  
int5d$ to fur!r ! ef=ts specifi$ 9      
clause 7i71 7ii71 or 7iii74  7,b7 ,!    
activity is engag$ 9 = or 9 ! int]e/s ( 
a =eign gov]nm5t4  7,c7 ,! activity--   
7i7 occurs1 9 :ole or 9 "p1 9 ! ,unit$  
,/ates2 or  7ii7 is committ$ aga9/--    
7,i7 a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son2 or  7,,ii7 a
 p]son 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#e7 ,unit$  
,/ates p]son ,! t]m ,unit$ ,/ates p]son 
has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section      
#afcg7;d77#aj7 ( ! ,c>l ,lev9 & ,h[>d   

,p4 ,buck ,mc,keon ,national ,def5se    
,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjae 
7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agjh7;d77#aj774  7#f7   
,dang]\s weapon ,! t]m dang]\s weapon   
has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section        
#icj7;g77#b74  4  7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t  
,! table ( sections = *apt] #de ( title 
#ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ by   
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  #iga4          
,transnational repression4  4  7c7      
,pr$icate (f5ses ,"p ,i ( title #ah1    
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$--  7#a7 9 
section #aief7;c77#g77;,d71 by ins]t+   
section #iga 7relat+ to transnational   
repression71 be=e section #ajje 7relat+ 
to fraudul5t bank entries712  7#b7 9    
section #aifa7a71 by ins]t+ section #iga
 7relat+ to transnational repression71  
be=e section #ajbh 7relat+ to fraud &   
relat$ activity 9 connection )          
id5tification docum5ts712 &  7#c7 9     
section #beaf7a7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7t71 
by /rik+ or2  7,b7 9 p>agraph 7u71 by   
/rik+ ! p]iod & ins]t+ 2 or2 &  7,c7 by 
add+ at ! end ! foll[+3  7v7 any        

violation ( section #iea ( title #ah    
7relat+ to ag5ts ( =eign gov]nm5ts72 any
 violation ( section #iga ( title #ah   
7transnational repression72 & any felony
 violation ( section #h ( ! ,=eign      
,ag5ts ,regi/ration ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 
#fah7 7relat+ to regi/ration ( ag5ts (  
=eign pr9cipals74  4  #e4 ,c5tralization
 ( ov]sight ( transnational repression  
prosecutions & inve/igations  7a7       
,national ,security ,division ,!        
,attorney ,g5]al %all c5tralize ov]sight
 ( transnational repression prosecutions
 9 ! ,national ,security ,division ( !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 or any successor   
organization4  7b7 ,inve/igations ,!    
,attorney ,g5]al1 act+ ?r\gh ! ,director
 ( ! ,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation1    
%all c5tralize ov]sight ( transnational 
repression inve/igations 9 ! ,f$]al     
,bureau ( ,inve/igation1 or any         
successor organization4  #f4 ,report+ on
 transnational repression  7a7 ,reports 
,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date (     
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 & annually !reaft]1

 ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al = !       
,national ,security ,division ( !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice & ! ,director ( !   
,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation1 9       
consultation ) ! ,director ( ,national  
,intellig5ce & ! head ( any o!r dep>tm5t
 or ag5cy ! ,assi/ant ,attorney ,g5]al &
 ,director ( ! ,f$]al ,bureau (         
,inve/igation det]m9es appropriate1 %all
 submit to ! appropriate congressional  
committees a jo9t report on incid5ts (  
transnational repression aga9/ or       
o!rwise impact+ a ,unit$ ,/ates p]son4  
,ea* report %all conta9 ! foll[+3  7#a7 
,an ov]view ( transnational repression 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or aga9/ ,unit$ ,/ates 
p]sons outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1       
includ+ ! gov]nm5ts t p]petrate         
transnational repression & ! tactics t  
!y use4  7#b7 ,a description ( any      
activities t ! ,assi/ant ,attorney      
,g5]al ( ! ,national ,security ,division
 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice or ! ,director 
( ! ,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igation      
det]m9es to be sub/antially simil> to   

transnational repression t d n fall )9 !
 def9ition ( transnational repression4  
7#c7 ,subject to appropriate protections
 = s5sitive in=mation reg>d+ law        
en=cem5t inve/igations & op]ations1 a   
description ( ef=ts dur+ ! previ\s      
cal5d> ye> to disrupt transnational     
repression ?r\gh inve/igation & crim9al 
prosecution4  7#d7 ,a description (     
ef=ts dur+ ! previ\s cal5d> ye> by any  
ag5cy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to    
disrupt transnational repression ?r\gh  
means o!r ?an inve/igation & crim9al    
prosecution1 includ+ ?r\gh diplomatic   
means4  7b7 ,=m ,ea* report submitt$ "u 
subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9       
unclassifi$ =m1 b may include a         
classifi$ annex4  #g4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is
 ,act3  7#a7 ,appropriate congressional 
committees ,! t]m appropriate           
congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! 
,committee on ! ,judici>y1 ! ,committee 
on ,=eign ,affairs1 & ! ,p]man5t ,select
 ,committee on ,intellig5ce ( ! ,h\se ( 
,repres5tatives2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on

 ! ,judici>y1 ! ,committee on ,=eign    
,relations1 & ! ,select ,committee on   
,intellig5ce ( ! ,s5ate4  7#b7          
,transnational repression ,! t]m        
transnational repression has ! mean+    
giv5 ! t]m 9 section #iga ( title #ah1  
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 z add$ by section  
#d4  #h4 ,! ,u4,s4 ,s5t5c+ ,commission  
,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date (        
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,u4,s4 ,s5t5c+   
,commission %all promulgate or am5d su* 
s5t5c+ guidel9e z may be necess>y to    
provide appropriate guidel9e p5alties = 
! (f5se conduct & p5alty provisions     
e/abli%$ 9 ?is ,act1 & am5d$ by ?is     
,act1 includ+ enhanc$ p5alties =        
aggravat$ =ms ( any (f5se e/abli%$ 9 ?is
 ,act4