,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #dfij  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,july #ag1 #bjbc,mr4  
,pflug] 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,b]a1 ,mr4     
,issa1 & ,mr4 ,phillips7 introduc$ !    
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9      
addition to ! ,p]man5t ,select          
,committee on ,intellig5ce1 = a p]iod to
 be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by ! ,speak]1 9 
ea* case = consid]ation ( su* provisions
 z fall )9 ! jurisdiction ( ! committee 
conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to assess !        
capacity ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to           
effectively m>%al disp>ate elem5ts (    
national p[] to c\nt] adv]s>y political 
w>f>e campaigns1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4 
,%ort title  7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act  
may be cit$ z ! ,gray ,zone ,def5se     
,assessm5t ,act4  7b7 ,table ( cont5ts  
,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is z      
foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title4 ,sec4   
#b4 ,f9d+s4 ,sec4 #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress4
 ,sec4 #d4 ,/atem5t ( policy4 ,sec4 #e4 
,evaluation ( national capacities =     

conduct+ gray zone op]ations4 ,sec4 #f4 
,report on ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate capacity to
 respond to gray zone aggression4 ,sec4 
#g4 ,expansion ( intellig5ce community  
assessm5t reg>d+ gray zone assets4  #b4 
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,9 
#aidh1 ,george ,f4 ,k5nan obs]v$ t1 ,9  
broade/ def9ition1 political w>f>e is ! 
employm5t ( all ! means at a nation's   
comm&1 %ort ( w>1 to a*ieve its national
 objectives44  7#b7 ,today1 ?is co]cive 
activity is ref]r$ to by _m names )9 !  
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t & ! academic    
community1 mo/ notably gray zone        
op]ations4  7#c7 ,al?\gh increas+ly     
employ$ z a means ( political w>f>e1 !  
full cont\rs ( gray zone op]ations rema9
 ambigu\s4 ,h[ev]1 c5tral features (    
gray zone op]ations include t !y are    
ultimately direct$ by /ate actors1      
consi/ ( ef=ts n associat$ ) r\t9e      
/atecraft1 & are int5d$ to advance a    
c\ntry's objectives at ! exp5se ( a     
rival1 )\t cross+ a ?re%old t results 9 
k9etic milit>y conflict4 ,!y include su*

 op]ations & tactics z ! foll[+3  7,a7  
,in=mation w>f>e1 includ+ conduct+      
dis9=mation campaigns or ! spread+ (    
propag&a4  7,b7 ,enc\rag+ int]nal /rife 
)9 t>get c\ntries4  7,c7 ,subv]sive     
economic practices1 su* z economic      
co]cion1 sy/ematic ,,ip !ft1 block+     
int]national %ipp+ lanes1 &             
ov]production ( comm]cial commodities4  
7,d7 ,cyb] op]ations1 bel[ ! ?re%old (  
conflict1 aim$ at co]cion1 espionage1 or
 o!rwise und]m9+ a t>get4  7,e7 ,support
 ( dome/ic or =eign proxy =ces4  7,f7   
,co]cive inve/m5t & brib]y = political  
aims4  7,g7 ,indu/rial policy design$ to
 monopolize a /rategic indu/ry or to    
de/roy su* an indu/ry 9 o!r nations1    
especially :5 coord9at$ ) o!r gray zone 
op]ations4  7,h7 ,milit>y1 p>amilit>y1  
or simil> provocations & op]ations %ort 
( w>4  7,i7 ,ho/age diplomacy4  7,j7    
,gradual *anges ( int]nationally        
recogniz$ bord]s4  7,k7 ,gov]nm5t f9anc+
 or sponsor%ip ( activities describ$ 9  
subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,j74  7#d7     

,v>i\s gray zone op]ations are frequ5tly
 l9k$ toge!r into a coord9at$ campaign1 
t may also include tools ( r\t9e        
diplomacy1 & t is design$ to a*ieve a   
/ate's political or milit>y objective4  
7#e7 ,gray zone campaigns are attractive
 to /ate actors = sev]al reasons1       
includ+ r$uc$ co/s comp>$ to ! deploym5t
 ( conv5tional =ces1 !reby all[+ /ates  
to pursue _! objectives ) limit$        
res\rces4  7#f7 ,! ,p's ,republic (     
,*9a1 ! ,russian ,f$]ation1 ! ,islamic  
,republic ( ,iran1 & o!r c\ntries       
actively advance _! own /rategic        
objectives & *all5ge ,unit$ ,/ates      
int]e/s ?r\gh ! ext5sive use ( gray zone
 op]ations4  7#g7 ,unwelcome escalation 
by adv]s>ial p[]s--especially ov] ! la/ 
decade--f r\t9e /atecraft into gray zone
 competition is a def9+ feature ( !     
rec5t reem]g5ce ( great-p[] competition 
& requires an appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates 
response4  7#h7 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has n  
suffici5tly det]r$ or respond$ to gray  
zone campaigns1 !reby risk+ und]m9+     

,unit$ ,/ates national int]e/s1 dim9i%+ 
,unit$ ,/ates influ5ce & cr$ibility1 &  
enc\rag+ rivals to fur!r employ su*     
tactics4  7#i7 ,successfully respond+ to
 adv]s>y gray zone campaigns relies ^u !
 full integration ( in/rum5ts ( national
 p[] across multiple doma9s & ! ability 
to deploy su* capacities 9 a coord9at$1 
real-"t campaign4  #c4 ,s5se ( ,congress
 ,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t--  7#a7 gray
 zone competition is a c5tral & endur+  
aspect ( great-p[] competition1 & !     
,unit$ ,/ates %\ld elevate ! effective  
response to adv]s>y gray zone campaigns 
z a c5tral feature ( its approa* to     
great-p[] competition2  7#b7 an         
effective1 :ole-(-gov]nm5t approa* is   
ess5tial to meet+ ! gray zone *all5ges  
pos$ by competitors ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &
  7#c7 s9ce gray zone activity takes    
place bel[ ! ?re%old ( k9etic milit>y   
conflict & s9ce n>rative =mation is     
frequ5tly a critical aspect ( gray zone 
campaigns1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate %\ld take
 a preem95t role 9 coord9at+1 )9        

applicable int]ag5cy processes1 !       
disp>ate means ( national p[] z ! ,unit$
 ,/ates seeks to respond to adv]s>y gray
 zone campaigns4  #d4 ,/atem5t ( policy 
,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to--   
7#a7 seek effective responses1          
p>ticul>ly at ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 to   
adv]s>y gray zone campaigns & to        
recognize ! p>am\nt importance ( su*    
responses to ! national int]e/s ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates2  7#b7 cont9ue uphold+ !  
int]national rule ( law & ! rules-bas$  
int]national ord]1 :i* is a core        
national security int]e/ ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates2 &  7#c7 call on ,unit$ ,/ates   
allies & p>tn]s to employ suffici5t     
national res\rces to equitably          
contribute to ! response to gray zone   
*all5ges4  #e4 ,evaluation ( national   
capacities = conduct+ gray zone         
op]ations  7a7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #ahj 
days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! ,presid5t %all conduct a review 
& submit to ! appropriate congressional 
committees a report on ! processes &    

capabilities by :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
responds to gray zone campaigns &       
recomm5dations to enhance su* processes 
& capabilities4  7b7 ,elem5ts ,! report 
requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all include--
 7#a7 an assessm5t ( ! capability &     
capacity ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates int]ag5cy    
to--  7,a7 id5tify adv]s>y activity z a 
gray zone campaign1 includ+ ! adv]s>y's 
int5t1 capabilities1 int]active effects1
 & impact on ,unit$ ,/ates int]e/s2     
7,b7 devise effective !ories ( det]r5ce2
 &  7,c7 coord9ate in/rum5ts ( ,unit$   
,/ates national p[] to consi/5tly &     
effectively respond to adv]s>ial gray   
zone campaigns aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates or 
allies & p>tn]s2  7#b7 a description ( !
 process = det]m9+ ! ?re%old at :i*     
adv]s>y gray zone activities or         
campaigns t>get+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1       
allies1 or p>tn]s ?reat5 ,unit$ ,/ates  
int]e/s1 includ+ ! me?ods & me*anisms   
=--  7,a7 det]m9+ :i* su* activities or 
campaigns w>rant a ,unit$ ,/ates        
response2  7,b7 calibrat+ su* response2 

7,c7 communicat+ su* ?re%olds to        
adv]s>ies2 &  7,d7 e/abli%+ & regul>ly  
review+ protocols ) allies & p>tn]s to  
respond to su* activities or campaigns2 
&  7#c7 recomm5dations = fur!r enhanc+ !
 ability ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to det] &    
respond to adv]s>ial gray zone          
campaigns1 includ+-- 7,a7 in/itutional  
re=ms to enhance ,unit$ ,/ates int]ag5cy
 coord9ation 9 response to adv]s>ial    
gray zone campaigns &1 z necess>y1      
additional /atutory au?orities requir$  
to implem5t ^? re=ms2  7,b7 additional  
res\rces1 au?orities1 or in/itutional   
capacities necess>y = ,unit$ ,/ates     
ag5cies to c\nt] gray zone ?reats2 &    
7,c7 budget e/imates = ! implem5tations 
( ! recomm5dations made pursuant to ?is 
p>agraph4  7c7 ,=m ,! report requir$ by 
subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9 a     
classifi$ =m & %all conta9 an           
unclassifi$ summ>y4  7d7 ,appropriate   
,congressional ,committees ,def9$ ,9 ?is
 section1 ! t]m appropriate             
congressional committees means--  7#a7 !

 ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 !       
,p]man5t ,select ,committee on          
,intellig5ce1 ! ,committee on ,arm$     
,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,f9ancial     
,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,en]gy &      
,comm]ce1 & ! ,committee on ,homel&     
,security ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 &
  7#b7 ! ,committee on ,=eign           
,relations1 ! ,select ,committee on     
,intellig5ce1 ! ,committee on ,arm$     
,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,bank+1 ,h\s+1
 & ,urban ,affairs1 ! ,committee on     
,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation1 & 
! ,committee on ,homel& ,security &     
,gov]nm5tal ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate4  #f4   
,report on ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate capacity to
 respond to gray zone aggression  7a7   
,report requir$ ,n lat] ?an #ahj days   
aft] ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y 
( ,/ate %all submit to ! ,committee on  
,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se (             
,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on ,=eign
 ,relations ( ! ,s5ate a report discuss+
 ! capacity ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate to    
contribute to coord9at$ ,unit$ ,/ates   

responses to adv]s>y gray zone campaigns
 & ! ,dep>tm5t's und]/&+ ( ! gray zone  
?reat environm5t4  7b7 ,elem5ts ,!      
report requir$ by subsection 7a7 %all   
also include ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,!         
capabilities1 (fices1 & entities        
p>ticul>ly suit$ to c\nt]+ adv]s>y gray 
zone op]ations & a description ( ! roles
 ea* c play4  7#b7 ,an evaluation ( !   
adequacy & utility ( e/abli%$ ,dep>tm5t 
( ,/ate def9itions = und]/&+ adv]s>y    
gray zone activity4  7#c7               
,recomm5dations1 includ+ propos$        
necess>y inve/m5ts & ! rationale &      
expect$ co/s ( su* inve/m5ts1 = fur!r   
enhanc+ ! capacity ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate
 to effectively respond to adv]s>y gray 
zone op]ations4  7#d7 ,an id5tification 
( #be priority c\ntries at ! front l9es 
( adv]s>y gray zone aggression & a      
discussion1 develop$ 9 consultation )   
relevant embassy c\ntry teams1 ( !      
matt]s describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh  
7#c7 ) respect to ea* su* c\ntry4  7#e7 
,a li/ ( activities t are curr5tly be+  

und]tak5 to respond to adv]s>y gray zone
 campaigns conduct$ aga9/ su* priority  
c\ntries4  7c7 ,=m ,! report requir$ by 
subsection 7a7 %all be submitt$ 9 a     
classifi$ =m & %all conta9 an           
unclassifi$ summ>y4  #g4 ,expansion (   
intellig5ce community assessm5t reg>d+  
gray zone assets ,section #feaf ( !     
,intellig5ce ,au?orization ,act =       
,fiscal ,ye> #bjbc 7division ,f (       
,public ,law #aag-bfc2 #acf ,/at4 #cedh7
 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 ! head+1 by /rik+    
,russian2  7#b7 9 subsection 7a71 by    
add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new p>agraph3    
7#d7 ,c\ntry ( conc]n ,! t]m c\ntry (   
conc]n means--  7,a7 ! ,p's ,republic ( 
,*9a2  7,b7 ! ,russian ,f$]ation2  7,c7 
! ,islamic ,republic ( ,iran2  7,d7 !   
,democratic ,p's ,republic ( ,korea2    
7,e7 ! ,republic ( ,cuba2 &  7,f7 !     
,syrian ,arab ,republic4  2 &  7#c7 9   
subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 9 ! head+--  7i7  
by ins]t+ ,annual be=e ,intellig5ce2 &  
7ii7 by /rik+ ,russian2  7,b7 9 p>agraph
 7#a7-- 7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph

 7,a7--  7,i7 by ins]t+ annually be=e   
produce2 &  7,,ii7 by ins]t+ ) respect  
to ea* c\ntry ( conc]n aft] intellig5ce 
community assessm5t2 &  7ii7 by /rik+   
,russia ea* place ! t]m appe>s & ins]t+ 
! c\ntry ( conc]n2  7,c7 9 p>agraph     
7#b7--  7i7 9 ! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph
 7,a71 by /rik+ ,russia & ins]t+ a      
c\ntry ( conc]n2 &  7ii7 9 subp>agraphs 
7,b71 7,c71 & 7,d71 by /rik+ ,russia ea*
 place x appe>s & ins]t+ ! c\ntry (     
conc]n2 &  7,d7 9 p>agraph 7#c7-- 7i7 9 
! matt] prec$+ subp>agraph 7,a71 by     
/rik+ ,russia & ins]t+ ea* c\ntry (     
conc]n2 &  7ii7 9 subp>agraph 7,b71 by  
/rik+ ,russia & ins]t+ ! c\ntry (       
conc]n4