,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #cagb  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,may #aj1 #bjbc ,mr4  
,smi? ( ,new ,j]sey 7= himself1 ,ms4    
,l(gr51 ,mrs4 ,/eel1 & ,mr4 ,correa7    
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to
 ! ,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & 9   
addition to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1
 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by 
! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation (  
su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction 
( ! committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
advance ,unit$ ,/ates national int]e/s  
by prioritiz+ ! protection (            
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights & 
developm5t ( ! rule ( law 9 relations   
betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,vietnam1 & =  
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title  7a7     
,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !   
,vietnam ,human ,rights ,act4  7b7      
,table ( ,cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts =  
?is ,act is z foll[s3  ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort  
title4 ,sec4 #b4 ,/atem5t ( policy4     
,sec4 #c4 ,assi/ance = political &      
religi\s prison]s 9 ,vietnam4 ,sec4 #d4 

,sanctions ) respect to human rights    
violations 9 ,vietnam4 ,sec4 #e4        
,actions to combat onl9e c5sor%ip &     
surveillance 9 ,vietnam4 ,sec4 #f4      
,annual c\ntry reports on human rights  
practices4 ,sec4 #g4 ,prohibition on    
fund+ = ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,security ( 
! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam4 ,sec4 #h4       
,int]national religi\s fre$om4 ,sec4 #i4
 ,unit$ ,/ates assi/ance to support     
c\nt+ ( wom5 & girls 9 ,vietnam4 ,sec4  
#aj4 ,annual reports on ,unit$          
,/ates-,vietnam human rights dialogue   
meet+s4 ,sec4 #aa4 ,re/rictions on      
nonhumanit>ian assi/ance to ! ,gov]nm5t 
( ,vietnam4 ,sec4 #ab4 ,def9itions4  #b4
 ,/atem5t ( policy ,x is ! policy ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates to-- 7#a7 prioritize z a  
matt] ( /rategic importance ! ,gov]nm5t 
( ,vietnam's violations ( univ]sally    
recogniz$ human rights1 fundam5tal      
fre$oms1 & ! rule ( law to ensure !     
long-t]m su/a9ability ( ! ,unit$        
,/ates-,vietnam /rategic p>tn]%ip2  7#b7
 emb$ human rights conc]ns across ! full

 spectrum ( (ficial int]actions betwe5 !
 ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & !        
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam & convey dur+      
diplomatic engagem5ts t concrete human  
rights improvem5ts are key p>ts ( any   
discussions on trade1 security1         
humanit>ian coop]ation1 & economic      
developm5t2  7#c7 assess ,vietnam's     
progress t[>d respect+ ! basic rights ( 
work]s1 z describ$ 9 ea* report requir$ 
by section #gjb ( ! ,=eign ,relations   
,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal ,ye> #bjjc  
7,public ,law #ajg-bbh2 #bb ,u4,s4,c4   
#baean note7 & 9 light ( ! commitm5ts   
specifi$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates- ,vietnam    
,plan = ,enhancem5t ( ,trade & ,labor   
,relations1 not)/&+ ! fact t ! ,trans   
,pacific ,p>tn]%ip did n g into effect2 
7#d7 press = ,vietnam's ratification (  
,,ilo ,conv5tions ,no4 #hg 7,fre$om (   
,association & ,protection ( ! ,"r to   
,organize7 & ,no4 #ih 7,"r to ,organize 
& ,collective ,b>ga9+7 & ! recognition (
 indep5d5t labor unions2 &  7#e7        
evaluate future trade negotiations ) !  

,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam 9 accordance ) !   
crit]ia set =? = c\ntry eligibility "u  
subsections 7b77#b7 & 7c7 ( section #ejb
 ( ! ,trade ,act ( #aigd 7#ai ,u4,s4,c4 
#bdfb71 relat+ to ! ,g5]aliz$ ,sy/em (  
,pref]5ces1 & 9 accordance ) !          
provisions ( ! ,bip>tisan ,congressional
 ,trade ,priorities & ,acc\ntability    
,act ( #bjae 7title ,i ( ,public ,law   
#aad-bf2 #ai ,u4,s4,c4 #dbja et seq474  
#c4 ,assi/ance = political & religi\s   
prison]s 9 ,vietnam  7a7 ,f9d+s         
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,!re are  
ov] #afj ,vietnamese political &        
religi\s prison]s curr5tly deta9$ 9     
,vietnam1 ne>ly half ( :om 7 arre/$ due 
to expression or activities onl9e4  7#b7
 ,prison]s include human rights def5d]s1
 blogg]s1 lawy]s1 religi\s lead]s1 trade
 unioni/s1 l& rights activi/s1 political
 dissid5ts1 environm5tal campaign]s1 &  
o!rs arre/$ = ex]cis+ _! int]nationally 
gu>ante$ rights or to promote & protect 
! rights ( o!rs4  7b7 ,assi/ance  7#a7  
,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate %all      

provide assi/ance to individuals 9      
,vietnam & appropriate civil society    
organizations outside ,vietnam t "w to  
secure ! release ( political & religi\s 
prison]s 9 ,vietnam1 & to curr5t & =m]  
political & religi\s prison]s 9         
,vietnam4  7#b7 ,activities ,assi/ance  
requir$ by ?is subsection %all include !
 foll[+ activities3 7,a7 ,support = !   
docum5tation ( human rights violations )
 respect to political & religi\s        
prison]s4  7,b7 ,support = advocacy to  
raise aw>5ess ( issues relat+ to        
political & religi\s prison]s4  7,c7    
,support = ef=ts to repeal or am5d laws 
or regulations us$ to deta9 individuals 
seek+ to ex]cise int]nationally         
recogniz$ human rights4  7,d7 ,support1 
includ+ travel co/s1 legal fees1 & o!r  
appropriate exp5ses1 = families (       
religi\s & political prison]s4  7,e7    
,support = heal?1 includ+ m5tal heal?1 &
 po/-inc>c]ation assi/ance 9 ga9+ access
 to education & employm5t opportunities 
or o!r =ms ( rep>ation to enable =m]    

political & religi\s prison]s to resume 
a normal life4  7c7 ,discussions ,z "p (
 a :ole ( gov]nm5t approa* to human     
rights improvem5ts 9 ,vietnam1 !        
,secret>y ( ,/ate & o!r ,unit$ ,/ates   
(ficials1 9 discussions ) ! ,gov]nm5t ( 
,vietnam1 %\ld seek1 z a critical       
condition ( /rong] ,unit$               
,/ates-,vietnam relations1 ! repeal (   
laws & regulations us$ to deta9         
political & religi\s prison]s & !       
imm$iate & unconditional release ( all  
political & religi\s prison]s4  #d4     
,sanctions ) respect to human rights    
violations 9 ,vietnam  7a7 ,/atem5t (   
policy ,x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
to regul>ly assess report+ f            
intellig5ce1 diplomatic1 op5 s\rce1     
congressional1 & nongov]nm5tal          
organization s\rces to id5tify & impose 
travel & f9ancial re/rictions on        
(ficials ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam & o!r 
=eign p]sons work+ directly or          
indirectly = ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam :o1 
bas$ on cr$ible evid5ce--  7#a7 are--   

7,a7 responsible =1 ord]$1 or are       
complicit 9 ! arbitr>y det5tion1        
torture1 en=c$ disappe>ances (          
individuals 9 ,vietnam seek+ to obta91  
ex]cise1 def5d1 or promote              
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights2  
or  7,b7 responsible =1 ord]$1 or are   
complicit 9 acts ( significant          
corruption1 includ+ ! expropriation (   
private or public assets = p]sonal ga91 
corruption relat$ to gov]nm5t contracts 
or ! extraction ( natural res\rces1     
brib]y1 or ! facilitation or transf] ( !
 proce$s ( corruption to =eign          
jurisdictions2  7#b7 are responsible =  
surveillance1 c5sor%ip1 or det5tion (   
individuals 9 ,vietnam = ex]cis+ ! "r to
 ! fre$om ( expression onl9e or ^?      
responsible = =c+ ,unit$ ,/ates         
companies to c5sor or reveal p]sonally  
id5tifiable in=mation ( any individual  
ex]cis+ ?is "r2 or  7#c7 are responsible
 = p>ticul>ly sev]e violations (        
religi\s fre$om 7z su* t]m is def9$ 9   
section #c ( ! ,int]national ,religi\s  

,fre$om ,act ( #aiih 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4     
#fdjb774  7b7 ,sanctions  7#a7 ,global  
,magnitsky ,human ,rights ,acc\ntability
 ,act ,! ,presid5t %\ld impose sanctions
 "u ! ,global ,magnitsky ,human ,rights 
,acc\ntability ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #bfef
 note7 ) respect to any p]son describ$ 9
 subsection 7a77#a74  7#b7 ,dep>tm5t (  
,/ate1 ,=eign ,op]ations1 & ,relat$     
,programs ,appropriations ,act1 #bjai ,!
 ,secret>y ( ,/ate %\ld impose sanctions
 describ$ 9 section #gjca7;c77#a77;,a7 (
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate1 ,=eign ,op]ations1
 & ,relat$ ,programs ,appropriations    
,act1 #bjai 7division ,f ( !            
,consolidat$ ,appropriations ,act1      
#bjai2 ,public ,law #aaf-f7 ) respect to
 any p]son describ$ 9 subsection        
7a77#b74  7#c7 ,immigration &           
nationality act ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate    
%\ld impose ! sanctions describ$ 9      
section #bab7;a77#b77;,g7 ( !           
,immigration & ,nationality ,act 7#h    
,u4,s4,c4 #aahb7;a77#b77;,g77 to any    
=eign p]son describ$ 9 subsection       

7a77#c74  7c7 ,report  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! 
,secret>y ( ,/ate %all submit to !      
appropriate congressional committees a  
report on sanctions impos$ on p]sons    
describ$ 9 subsection 7a7 "u !          
provisions ( law describ$ 9 subsection  
7b71 includ+ in=mation on-- 7,a7 ! numb]
 ( times sanctions 7 impos$ on su*      
p]sons "u su* provisions ( law2  7,b7 ! 
reasons = impos+ su* sanctions2 &  7,c7 
:]e appropriate1 an id5tification ( !   
sanction$ p]sons4  7#b7 ,inclusion ,!   
report requir$ by ?is subsection %all be
 submitt$ z "p ( ! report requir$ by    
section #gjb ( ! ,=eign ,relations      
,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal ,ye> #bjjc  
7,public ,law #ajg- #bbh2 #bb ,u4,s4,c4 
#baean note7 7z am5d$ by section #aj (  
?is ,act74  #e4 ,actions to combat onl9e
 c5sor%ip & surveillance 9 ,vietnam  7a7
 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7  
,vietnam cont9ues to h "o ( ! _w's mo/  
re/rictive int]net environm5ts1 )       
p]vasive filt]+ ( cont5t & ! frequ5t    
arre/s ( blogg]s & o!rs ^: only (f5se is

 to advocate onl9e = positions diff]5t  
?an ^? held by ! gov]nm5t4  7#b7 ,s9ce  
#bjac1 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam has issu$ 
laws & decrees1 includ+ a cyb]security  
law1 t increas$ its ability to surveil  
its citiz5s )\t judicial ov]sight or    
rec\rse4 ,! cyb]security law has be5 us$
 to *>ge ,vietnamese citiz5s ) vague    
crimes ( negat+ revolution>y a*ievem5ts 
& di/ribut+ mislead+ in=mation among !  
p4 ,vietnam's ,p5al ,code & ,decree #ae 
h also be5 us$ to r5d] _m legitimate    
onl9e activities illegal1 lead+ to !    
arre/ & det5tions ( political prison]s4 
7#c7 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam uses !     
cyb]security law to require ,unit$      
,/ates companies to /ore in=mation 9    
,vietnam1 c5sor social m$ia po/s on     
dem&1 & to turn ov] s5sitive p]sonal    
in=mation ab\t us]s4 ,companies su* z   
,facebook & ,google comply ) ^! reque/s1
 includ+ ?r\gh ! c5sor%ip ( social m$ia 
cont5t ( ,unit$ ,/ates citiz5s & p]man5t
 resid5t ali5s4  7#d7 ,unit$ ,/ates     
companies ,facebook & ,you,tube h be5   

in/rum5tal 9 ?is crackd[n1 comply+ )    
,vietnam's reque/ to c5sor & geoblock   
cont5t det]m9$ to violate local         
,vietnamese law1 :i* (t5 contradicts    
int]national law & ,vietnam's treaty    
obligations4  7#e7 ,9 ! fir/ half (     
#bjbj1 ,facebook increas$ its cont5t    
re/rictions 9 ,vietnam by #ihc p]c5t1 a 
dramatic increase f ! second half (     
#bjai4  7#f7 ,facebook compli$ ) #ij    
p]c5t ( ,vietnam's c5sor%ip reque/s 9   
#bjbj & ,you,tube ) #ie p]c5t ( su*     
reque/s1 a fact ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam  
not$ ) satisfaction4  7#g7 ,! local     
legal provisions t directly enabl$      
,facebook & ,you,tube's c5sor%ip1       
articles #aag & #cca ( ,vietnam's ,p5al 
,code1 also 7 us$ to imprison mo/ ( !   
#bg prison]s ( consci5ce :o 7 jail$ 9   
#bjbj4  7#h7 ,a free & op5 int]net & !  
free fl[ ( news & in=mation--  7,a7 are 
fundam5tal compon5ts ( ,unit$ ,/ates    
=eign policy because !y fo/] economic   
gr[?1 protect individual lib]ties1 &    
advance national security2  7,b7 are    

critical to ! advancem5t ( bo? ,unit$   
,/ates economic int]e/s & int]nationally
 recogniz$ human rights globally2 &     
7,c7 are sev]ely h9d]$ by ,vietnam's    
cyb]security law :i* w\ld all[ !        
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam to access private  
data1 spy on us]s1 require ,unit$ ,/ates
 bus9esses to turn ov] p]sonally        
id5tifiable in=mation or block cont5t ( 
us]s1 includ+ outside ( ,vietnam1 &     
fur!r re/rict already limit$ onl9e      
spee*4  7b7 ,/atem5t ( policy ,x is !   
policy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to--  7#a7     
pursue an op5 & free int]net 9 ,vietnam 
z an issue promot+ ,unit$ ,/ates        
economic int]e/s & advanc+              
int]nationally recogniz$ human rights2  
7#b7 engage all appropriate ,unit$      
,/ates ,gov]nm5t ag5cies to promote !   
free fl[ ( news & in=mation 9 ,vietnam2 
7#c7 use all appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates  
diplomatic in/rum5ts to pressure !      
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam to halt reque/s to 
=ce social m$ia companies to block      
acc\nts & cont5t ( individuals ^: cont5t

 ! ,gov]nm5t disapproves2  7#d7 use all 
available diplomatic in/rum5ts available
 to pursue trade policies ) ,vietnam t  
exp& int]net fre$om & ! in=mation       
economy 9 ,vietnam by--  7,a7 ensur+ !  
free fl[ ( in=mation across ! global    
network2  7,b7 promot+ /rong]           
int]national transp>5cy rules2 &  7,c7  
ensur+ fair & equal treatm5t ( onl9e    
s]vices reg>dless ( c\ntry ( orig92 &   
7#e7 require companies ) contracts ) !  
,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t t acc$e to      
reque/s ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam to     
engage 9 c5sor%ip or to reveal s5sitive 
p]sonal in=mation to report su* reque/s 
to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,/ate at ! "t su*      
reque/s occur & to report ! nature ( su*
 reque/s & ! companies' responses       
publicly4  7c7 ,actions ,! ,(fice (     
,int]net ,fre$om ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,ag5cy = ,global ,m$ia & ! ,int]net     
,fre$om & ,bus9ess & ,human ,rights     
,section 9 ! ,bureau ( ,democracy1      
,human ,rights1 & ,labor ( ! ,dep>tm5t (
 ,/ate %all take su* actions z may be   

necess>y to-- 7#a7 prioritize ! imm$iate
 di/ribution ( c5sor%ip circumv5tion    
tools = comput]s & sm>t phones 9        
,vietnam2 &  7#b7 prioritize projects to
 ensure ! safety & privacy ( blogg]s &  
j\rnali/s & human rights def5d]s 9      
,vietnam4  7d7 ,report ,! ,secret>y (   
,/ate1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y (   
,comm]ce & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,trade       
,repres5tative1 %all submit to !        
appropriate congressional committees a  
report t outl9es a /rategy to--  7#a7   
promote int]net fre$om & ! free fl[ (   
news & in=mation 9 ,vietnam2 &  7#b7    
promote ef=ts to assi/ ,unit$ ,/ates    
int]net companies to fulfill _! /at$    
missions to promote op5ness1 transp>5cy1
 & connectivity by oppos+ reque/s by !  
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam to remove political
 spee* or cont5t ( j\rnali/s1 especially
 :5 cont5t is remov$ f ! acc\nts ( us]s 
9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #f4 ,annual c\ntry  
reports on human rights practices  7a7  
,report relat+ to economic assi/ance    
,section #aaf ( ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act

 ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 #baean7 is am5d$
 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new          
subsection3  7h7 7#a7 ,! report requir$ 
by subsection 7d7 %all include an       
assessm5t ( fre$om ( expression )       
respect to electronic in=mation 9 ea*   
=eign c\ntry4 ,su* assessm5t %all consi/
 ( ! foll[+3  7,a7 ,an assessm5t ( !    
ext5t to :i* gov]nm5t au?orities 9 ea*  
c\ntry inappropriately attempt to filt]1
 c5sor1 or o!rwise block or remove      
nonviol5t expression ( political or     
religi\s op9ion or belief via ! int]net1
 includ+ electronic mail1 z well z a    
description ( ! means by :i* su*        
au?orities attempt to block or remove   
su* expression4  7,b7 ,an assessm5t ( ! 
ext5t to :i* gov]nm5t au?orities 9 ea*  
c\ntry h p]secut$ or o!rwise puni%$ an  
individual or gr\p = ! nonviol5t        
expression ( political1 religi\s1 or    
ideological op9ion or belief via !      
int]net1 includ+ electronic mail4  7,c7 
,an assessm5t ( ! ext5t to :i* gov]nm5t 
au?orities 9 ea* c\ntry h s\ght to      

inappropriately collect1 reque/1 obta91 
or disclose p]sonally id5tifiable       
in=mation ( a p]son 9 connection ) su*  
p]son's nonviol5t expression (          
political1 religi\s1 or ideological     
op9ion or belief1 includ+ expression t  
w\ld be protect$ by ! ,int]national     
,cov5ant on ,civil & ,political ,rights4
  7,d7 ,an assessm5t ( ! ext5t to :i*   
wire communications & electronic        
communications are monitor$ )\t reg>d to
 ! pr9ciples ( privacy1 human rights1   
democracy1 & rule ( law4  7#b7 ,9       
compil+ data & mak+ assessm5ts = !      
purposes ( p>agraph 7#a71 ,unit$ ,/ates 
diplomatic p]sonnel %all consult ) human
 rights organizations1 te*nology &      
int]net companies1 & o!r appropriate    
nongov]nm5tal organizations4  7#c7 ,9   
?is subsection--  7,a7 ! t]m electronic 
communication has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9
 section #beaj ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code2  7,b7 ! t]m int]net has ! 
mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section            
#bca7;e77#c7 ( ! ,communications ,act ( 

#aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #bca7;e77#c772     
7,c7 ! t]m p]sonally id5tifiable        
in=mation means data 9 a =m t id5tifies 
a p>ticul> p]son2 &  7,d7 ! t]m wire    
communication has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9
 section #beaj ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code4  4  7b7 ,report relat+ to 
security assi/ance ,section #ejb;,b ( ! 
,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb     
,u4,s4,c4 #bcjd7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 by     
r$esignat+ ! second subsection 7i7      
7relat+ to *ild m>riage /atus7 z        
subsection 7j72 &  7#b7 by add+ at ! end
 ! foll[+ new subsection3  7k7 7#a7 ,!  
report requir$ by subsection 7b7 %all   
include an assessm5t ( fre$om (         
expression ) respect to electronic      
in=mation 9 ea* =eign c\ntry4 ,su*      
assessm5t %all consi/ ( ! foll[+3  7,a7 
,an assessm5t ( ! ext5t to :i* gov]nm5t 
au?orities 9 ea* c\ntry inappropriately 
attempt to filt]1 c5sor1 or o!rwise     
block or remove nonviol5t expression (  
political or religi\s op9ion or belief  
via ! int]net1 includ+ electronic mail1 

z well z a description ( ! means by :i* 
su* au?orities attempt to block or      
remove su* expression4  7,b7 ,an        
assessm5t ( ! ext5t to :i* gov]nm5t     
au?orities 9 ea* c\ntry h p]secut$ or   
o!rwise puni%$ an individual or gr\p = !
 nonviol5t expression ( political1      
religi\s1 or ideological op9ion or      
belief via ! int]net1 includ+ electronic
 mail4  7,c7 ,an assessm5t ( ! ext5t to 
:i* gov]nm5t au?orities 9 ea* c\ntry h  
s\ght to inappropriately collect1       
reque/1 obta91 or disclose p]sonally    
id5tifiable in=mation ( a p]son 9       
connection ) su* p]son's nonviol5t      
expression ( political1 religi\s1 or    
ideological op9ion or belief1 includ+   
expression t w\ld be protect$ by !      
,int]national ,cov5ant on ,civil &      
,political ,rights4  7,d7 ,an assessm5t 
( ! ext5t to :i* wire communications &  
electronic communications are monitor$  
)\t reg>d to ! pr9ciples ( privacy1     
human rights1 democracy1 & rule ( law4  
7#b7 ,9 compil+ data & mak+ assessm5ts =

 ! purposes ( p>agraph 7#a71 ,unit$     
,/ates diplomatic p]sonnel %all consult 
) human rights organizations1 te*nology 
& int]net companies1 & o!r appropriate  
nongov]nm5tal organizations4  7#c7 ,9   
?is subsection--  7,a7 ! t]m electronic 
communication has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9
 section #beaj ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code2  7,b7 ! t]m int]net has ! 
mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9 section            
#bca7;e77#c7 ( ! ,communications ,act ( 
#aicd 7#dg ,u4,s4,c4 #bca7;e77#c772     
7,c7 ! t]m p]sonally id5tifiable        
in=mation means data 9 a =m t id5tifies 
a p>ticul> p]son2 &  7,d7 ! t]m wire    
communication has ! mean+ giv5 su* t]m 9
 section #beaj ( title #ah1 ,unit$      
,/ates ,code4  4  #g4 ,prohibition on   
fund+ = ! ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,security ( 
! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam  7a7 ,f9d+s      
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,!        
,vietnam-bas$ gr\p ,,apt #cb1 or        
,ocean,lotus ,gr\p1 is "o ( ! mo/ active
 cyb] espionage units 9 ! _w & has1 s9ce
 #bjad1 c>ri$ out intrusions into       

private sector companies & attempt$ to  
bo? surveil & /eal ! s5sitive p]sonal   
in=mation ( ,vietnamese dissid5ts liv+  
outside ( ,vietnam z well z =eign       
gov]nm5ts4  7#b7 ,,apt #cb consi/5tly   
acts 9 ! int]e/s ( ! ,gov]nm5t (        
,vietnam1 hack+ individuals 9 ,g]many1  
,*9a1 ,cambodia1 & ! ,philipp9es & tak+ 
ov] ! websites ( ,vietnamese ,ca?olics &
 hack+ news s]vices1 indu/rial plants1  
/eel companies1 & o!r entities4  7#c7 ,!
 milit>y ( ,vietnam op]ates a gr\p (    
#aj1jjj cyb]troops1 nam$ ,=ce #dg1 ^:   
memb]s intimidate & h>ass ,vietnamese   
citiz5s onl9e :o speak out aga9/        
gov]nm5t policies or o!rwise peacefully 
ex]cise _! human rights 9 a way det]m9$ 
by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam z             
unacceptable4  7b7 ,prohibition         
,consi/5t ) section #fbj,m ( ! ,=eign   
,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4  
#bcgh;d71 no assi/ance may be furni%$ "u
 ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa 7#bb  
,u4,s4,c4 #baea et seq47 or ! ,arms     
,export ,control ,act 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4    

#bgea et seq47 to assi/1 directly or    
indirectly1 any unit ( ! ,m9i/ry (      
,public ,security ( ! ,gov]nm5t (       
,vietnam or any o!r unit ( ! ,gov]nm5t (
 ,vietnam engag$ 9 cyb]-espionage       
activities4  7c7 ,report  7#a7 ,9 g5]al 
,n lat] ?an #ge days aft] ! date ( !    
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y (      
,/ate1 9 consultation ) ! ,director (   
,national ,intellig5ce & ! ,director ( !
 ,f$]al ,bureau ( ,inve/igations1 %all  
submit to ! appropriate congressional   
committees a report on ! extrat]ritorial
 activities ( entities affiliat$ ) or   
employ$ by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam to    
engage 9 cyb] espionage or surveil &    
h>ass ,vietnamese dissid5ts liv+ outside
 ( ,vietnam :o are critical ( policies (
 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam or :o advocate =
 int]nationally recogniz$ human rights4 
7#b7 ,matt]s to be includ$ ,! report    
requir$ by ?is subsection %all include  
in=mation on ! /eps tak5 by ! ,unit$    
,/ates ,gov]nm5t to address cyb]        
espionage f ,vietnam & ! protection (   

,unit$ ,/ates companies & ,unit$ ,/ates 
citiz5s & p]man5t resid5t ali5s4  7#c7  
,=m ,! report requir$ by ?is subsection 
%all be submitt$ 9 unclassifi$ =m1 & may
 include a classifi$ annex ) respect to 
in=mation t is s5sitive to ,unit$ ,/ates
 national security int]e/s1 z det]m9$ by
 ! ,secret>y4 ,! public elem5t ( !      
report may be issu$ z "p ( te/imony by !
 ,secret>y ( ,/ate be=e ! ,h\se ,=eign  
,affairs ,committee or ! ,s5ate ,=eign  
,relations ,committee4  7#d7            
,appropriate congressional committees ,9
 ?is subsection1 ! t]m appropriate      
congressional committees means-- 7,a7 ! 
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 !        
,committee on ,homel& ,security1 & !    
,p]man5t ,select ,committee on          
,intellig5ce ( ! ,h\se (                
,repres5tatives2 &  7,b7 ! ,committee on
 ,=eign ,relations1 ! ,committee on     
,homel& ,security & ,gov]nm5tal         
,affairs1 & ! ,select ,committee on     
,intellig5ce ( ! ,s5ate4  #h4           
,int]national religi\s fre$om  7a7      

,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,!
 promotion & protection ( ! univ]sally  
recogniz$ "r to ! fre$om ( religion is a
 priority ( ,unit$ ,/ates =eign policy z
 /at$ 9 section #djb ( ! ,int]national  
,religi\s ,fre$om ,act ( #aiih 7#bb     
,u4,s4,c4 #fddb7 & ! ,bip>tisan         
,congressional ,trade ,priorities &     
,acc\ntability ,act ( #bjae 7title ,i ( 
,public ,law #aad-bf2 #ai ,u4,s4,c4     
#dbja et seq47 :i* requires !           
,adm9i/ration to take religi\s fre$om   
into acc\nt :5 negotiat+ trade          
agreem5ts4  7#b7 ,c\ntries t protect    
religi\s fre$om are m prosp]\s1 /able1  
peaceful & democratic4 ,?us1 ! sev]e    
re/rictions fac$ by religi\s gr\ps 9    
,vietnam1 su* z memb]s ( ! ,unit$       
,buddhi/ ,*ur* ( ,vietnam 7,,ubcv71     
,ca?olics1 & indep5d5t ,hoa ,hao        
,buddhi/s1 ,cao ,dai1 & ,prote/ants     
gr\ps1 are detrim5tal to ! int]e/s ( bo?
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,vietnam4  7#c7 ,!   
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam has report$ly /epp$
 up its ef=ts to =ce ,montagn>d & ,hmong

 ,*ri/ians to r5\nce _! fai?1           
expropriate l&s & o!r real prop]ties    
belong+ to indep5d5t religi\s           
communities1 de/roy ,hoa ,hao ,buddhi/ &
 ,cao ,dai h\ses ( wor%ip1 & arre/ &    
deta9 religi\s lead]s4 ,religi\s lead]s 
& advocates ( religi\s fre$om rema9 9   
prison4  7b7 ,/atem5t ( policy ,s9ce !  
protection ( religi\s fre$om is vital to
 peace1 /ability1 & prosp]ity1 &        
c\ntries ) ! highe/ levels ( re/rictions
 on religi\s fre$om are (t5 ^? c\ntries 
seek+ to und]m9e ,unit$ ,/ates national 
int]e/s or ignore int]national legal    
norms & /&>ds1 x is ! policy ( ! ,unit$ 
,/ates to--  7#a7 prioritize religi\s   
fre$om 9 bilat]al relations1 includ+ ) !
 ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam1 by fully         
implem5t+ ! provisions ( ! ,frank ,r4   
,wolf ,int]national ,religi\s ,fre$om   
,act 7,public ,law #aad-bha72 &  7#b7   
/rategically employ sanctions & o!r     
tools "u ! ,int]national ,religi\s      
,fre$om ,act ( #aiih 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4     
#fdja et seq474  7c7 ,s5se ( ,congress  

,x is ! s5se ( ,congress t-- 7#a7       
,vietnam %\ld be designat$ z a c\ntry ( 
p>ticul> conc]n = religi\s fre$om "u    
section #djb7;b7 ( ! ,int]national      
,religi\s ,fre$om ,act ( #aiih 7#bb     
,u4,s4,c4 #fddb7;b77 because !re are a  
significant numb] ( individuals         
imprison$ = _! religi\s activity or     
advocacy = religi\s fre$om & =          
sy/ematic1 egregi\s1 & ongo+ violations 
( religi\s fre$om2  7#b7 ! ,presid5t1 9 
mak+ ! annual designations "u section   
#djb7;b7 ( su* ,act1 %\ld take into     
acc\nt ! annual report ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,commission on ,int]national ,religi\s 
,fre$om "u section #bjc ( su* ,act & !  
,commission's assessm5t t ! designation 
( ,vietnam z a c\ntry ( p>ticul> conc]n 
= religi\s fre$om f #bjjd to #bjjf l$ to
 tangible improvem5ts 9 religi\s fre$om 
conditions :ile trade & security        
coop]ation increas$2 &  7#c7 because !  
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam tightly controls   
religi\s in/itutions & !n p]secutes ^?  
individuals :o e/abli% or op]ate        

indep5d5t religi\s in/itutions & g5u9ely
 nongov]nm5tal organizations1 !         
,secret>y ( ,/ate %\ld--  7,a7 use all  
available diplomatic1 developm5t1       
economic assi/ance1 & political tools to
 ensure t indep5d5t religi\s & civil    
society organizations c op]ate freely & 
)\t re/riction 9 ,vietnam2 &  7,b7 raise
 ^! issues 9 all appropriate /atem5ts1  
dialogues1 reports1 & negotiations      
betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,vietnam & 9   
multi-lat]al in/itutions :]e ! ,unit$   
,/ates & ,vietnam are memb]s4  #i4      
,unit$ ,/ates assi/ance to support c\nt+
 ( wom5 & girls 9 ,vietnam  7a7 ,f9d+s  
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,vietnam  
rema9s a s\rce &1 to a less] ext5t1 a   
de/9ation c\ntry 4 4 4 = sex traffick+ &
 =c$ labor44  7#b7 ,vietnamese m5 & wom5
 are subject to =c$ labor 9             
rehabilitation c5t]s1 det5tion c5t]s1 & 
prisons1 accord+ to ! #bjaf ,annual     
,report on ,traffick+ 9 ,p]sons4  7#c7  
,vietnamese migrants work+ 9 /ate- own$1
 private1 or jo9t-/ock companies live 9 

situations ( exploitation 9 !           
con/ruction1 fi%+1 agriculture1 m9+1    
logg+ & manufactur+ sectors 9 o!r       
c\ntries4  7b7 ,implem5tation ( ! ,girls
 ,c\nt ,act ( #bjae 9 ,vietnam  7#a7    
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7,a7    
,vietnam's male-to-female sex-ratio     
disp>ity has increas$ despite !         
,vietnamese ,gov]nm5t's end+ ( its      
policy limit+ m>ri$ c\ples to #b *ildr54
  7,b7 ,exp]ts believe sex-ratio        
disp>ities h critical economic & social 
ramifications t affect ,unit$ ,/ates    
int]e/s1 exac]bat+ ! vuln]abilities (   
wom5 to traffick+1 *ild m>riage1 & r$uc+
 ! ability ( wom5 to seek employm5t &   
p>ticipate 9 educational opportunities &
 civil society4  7#b7 ,au?orization ,!  
,secret>y ( ,/ate is au?oriz$ to e/abli%
 & support programs to--  7,a7 monitor &
 halt bride & sex traffick+ ( girls &   
wom5 9 ,vietnam & wom5 f o!r c\ntries 9 
,asia1 includ+ ,*9a1 z appropriate2 &   
7,b7 address ,vietnam's gr[+ sex-ratio  
disp>ity ?r\gh economic support &       

programs describ$ 9 section #d7;a7 ( !  
,girls ,c\nt ,act ( #bjae 7,public ,law 
#aad-bd2 #bb ,u4,s4,c4 #baea note74     
#aj4 ,annual reports on ,unit$          
,/ates-,vietnam human rights dialogue   
meet+s ,section #gjb ( ! ,=eign         
,relations ,au?orization ,act1 ,fiscal  
,ye> #bjjc 7,public ,law #ajg-bbh2 #bb  
,u4,s4,c4 #baean note7 is am5d$ by add+ 
at ! end ! foll[+3  7#i7 ,end+ incid5ts 
( torture1 police beat+s1 dea?s 9 police
 cu/ody1 & mob or societal viol5ce      
t>get+ religi\s gr\ps or dissid5ts4     
7#aj7 ,return+ prop]ties ( indep5d5t    
religi\s communities or organizations t 
h be5 report$ly expropriat$ by !        
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam or by              
gov]nm5t-sanction$ religi\s             
organizations4  7#aa7 ,address+         
individual claims by ,unit$ ,/ates      
citiz5s ^: prop]ties h be5 expropriat$  
by ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam )\t effective1
 prompt1 & fair comp5sation4  7#ab7     
,implem5t+ section #d ( ! ,girls ,c\nt  
,act ( #bjae 7,public ,law #aad-bd2 #bb 

,u4,s4,c4 #baea note7 & h[ su* section  
has be5 appli$ 9 ,vietnam4  7#ac7       
,ensur+ int]net fre$om & specific ef=ts 
to ensure ! safety & privacy (          
,vietnamese blogg]s & j\rnali/s on !    
int]net or o!r =ms ( electronic         
communication4  4  #aa4 ,re/rictions on 
nonhumanit>ian assi/ance to ! ,gov]nm5t 
( ,vietnam  7a7 ,s5se ( ,congress ,x is 
! s5se ( ,congress t1 except z provid$ 9
 subsection 7b71 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate    
%\ld consid] re/rict+ c]ta9 assi/ance to
 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam unless-- 7#a7 ! 
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam makes sub/antial   
progress t[>d releas+ all political &   
religi\s prison]s f imprisonm5t1 h\se   
arre/1 & o!r =ms ( det5tion2  7#b7 !    
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam has made sub/antial
 progress t[>d-- 7,a7 respect+ ! "r to  
fre$om ( religion1 includ+ ! "r to      
p>ticipate 9 religi\s activities &      
in/itutions )\t int]f]5ce1 h>assm5t1 or 
involvem5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 = all (       
,vietnam's div]se religi\s communities2 
&  7,b7 return+ e/ates & prop]ties      

confiscat$ f ! *ur*es & religi\s        
communities2  7#c7 ! ,gov]nm5t (        
,vietnam has made sub/antial progress   
t[>d respect+ ! "r to 9-p]son & onl9e   
fre$om ( expression1 assembly1 &        
association1 includ+ ! release (        
indep5d5t j\rnali/s1 blogg]s1 &         
democracy & labor activi/s2  7#d7 !     
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam has made sub/antial
 progress t[>d repeal+ or revis+ laws t 
crim9alize peaceful diss5t1 indep5d5t   
m$ia1 unsanction$ religi\s activity1 &  
nonviol5t demon/rations & rallies1 9    
accordance ) int]national /&>ds &       
treaties to :i* ,vietnam is a p>ty2     
7#e7 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam has made    
sub/antial progress t[>d all[+          
,vietnamese nationals free & op5 access 
to ,unit$ ,/ates refugee programs2  7#f7
 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam has made        
sub/antial progress t[>d respect+ !     
human rights ( memb]s ( all e?nic &     
m9ority gr\ps2 &  7#g7 nei!r any (ficial
 ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam nor any ag5cy 
or entity :olly or p>tly own$ by !      

,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam 0 complicit 9 a    
sev]e =m ( traffick+ 9 p]sons1 or !     
,gov]nm5t ( ,vietnam took all           
appropriate /eps to end any su*         
complicity & hold su* (ficial1 ag5cy1 or
 entity fully acc\ntable = su* conduct4 
7b7 ,exception ,! re/riction describ$ 9 
subsection 7a7 %\ld n apply to assi/ance
 "u ! ,=eign ,assi/ance ,act ( #aifa = !
 foll[+ purposes3 7#a7 ,disa/] relief   
assi/ance1 includ+ any assi/ance "u     
*apt] #i ( "p ,i ( su* ,act 7#bb        
,u4,s4,c4 #bbib et seq474  7#b7         
,assi/ance :i* involves ! provision (   
food 7includ+ monetization ( food7 or   
m$ic9e4  7#c7 ,assi/ance = environm5tal 
rem$iation ( diox9-contam9at$ sites &   
relat$ heal? activities4  7#d7          
,assi/ance to combat sev]e =ms (        
traffick+ 9 p]sons 7z su* t]m is def9$ 9
 section #ajc ( ! ,traffick+ ,victims   
,protection ,act ( #bjjj 7#bb ,u4,s4,c4 
#gajb774  7#e7 ,assi/ance to combat     
p&emic diseases4  7#f7 ,assi/ance =     
refugees4  7#g7 ,assi/ance to combat    

,,hiv_/,,aids1 includ+ any assi/ance "u 
section #ajd;,a ( su* ,act 7#bb         
,u4,s4,c4 #baea;b-#b74  #ab4 ,def9itions
 ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,appropriate         
congressional committees ,except z      
o!rwise provid$1 ! t]m appropriate      
congressional committees means !        
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives & ! ,committee on     
,=eign ,relations ( ! ,s5ate4  7#b7     
,int]net ,! t]m int]net has ! mean+ giv5
 su* t]m 9 section #bca7;e77#c7 ( !     
,communications ,act ( #aicd 7#dg       
,u4,s4,c4 #bca7;e77#c774  7#c7          
,p]sonally id5tifiable in=mation ,! t]m 
p]sonally id5tifiable in=mation means   
data 9 a =m t id5tifies a p>ticul>      
p]son4