,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #adch  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(           
,,repres5tatives  ,m>* #h1 #bjbc,mr4    
,b]gman introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0  
ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y   
,a ,,bill  ,to require c]ta9 nonpr(it & 
n-=-pr(it social welf>e organizations to
 submit disclosure reports on =eign     
fund+ to ! ,attorney ,g5]al2 & = o!r    
purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may
 be cit$ z ! ,?9k ,tank ,transp>5cy     
,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds !      
foll[+3 7#a7 ,?9k tanks h provid$       
,congress & ! ,adm9i/ration ) a weal? ( 
rese>* & s*ol>%ip t l>gely has b5efitt$ 
! ,am]ican public by improv+ ! draft+1  
enactm5t1 & en=cem5t ( ,u4,s4 policy4   
7#b7 ,!re is broad bip>tisan agreem5t t 
?9k tanks possess enorm\s influ5ce on ! 
passage & en=cem5t ( policies1          
p>ticul>ly ^? t relate to =eign policy4 
7#c7 ,9 rec5t ye>s1 =eign fund+ ( ?9k   
tanks has increas$ sub/antially4  7#d7  
,congress1 ! ,adm9i/ration1 & especially
 ! ,am]ican p h a "r to "k :i* ?9k tanks

 receive =eign funds & to assess =      
!mselves ! ext5t t =eign influ5ce %\ld  
be consid]$ :5 analyz+ ! cr$ibility &   
value ( rese>* & s*ol>%ip produc$ by su*
 organizations t receive =eign funds4   
7#e7 ,! ,h\se has already recogniz$ !   
national security issues inh]5t 9 undue 
=eign influ5ce ( entities ) cov]t s\rces
 ( =eign fund+ :o te/ify be=e ,congress4
 ,s9ce #bjae1 individuals :o te/ify be=e
 ! ,u4,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives h be5 
requir$ to disclose relevant =eign fund+
 s\rces direct$ to !m or _! employ]s 9  
,tru? 9 ,te/imony disclosure =ms4 7,!   
orig9al loos] requirem5t 0 enact$ 9     
#aiig74  7#f7 ,ov] #cj ye>s ago1        
,congress enact$ section #aag ( ! ,high]
 ,education ,act ( #aife 7,,hea7 9 light
 ( conc]ns ab\t ! gr[+ f9ancial         
relation%ip betwe5 ,u4,s4 univ]sities & 
=eign s\rces4 ,congress balanc$ academic
 fre$om & national security by m&at+    
f9ancial transp>5cy ?r\gh requir$       
report+ ( contracts ) & gifts f a =eign 
s\rce4  7#g7 ,section #aag does n       

prohibit in/itutions f tak+ =eign money2
 x m&ates accurate & transp>5t          
disclosures ( s\rces & am\nts to !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,education4 ,9 #bjai1 !     
,dep>tm5t took concrete /eps to en=ce   
section #aag by ensur+ ! integrity (    
report+ requirem5ts1 confirm+ ! correct 
report+ & categorization ( donations1 & 
prohibit+ ! use ( dome/ic conduits &    
int]m$i>ies to avoid ! disclosures (    
=eign gifts4  7#h7 ,betwe5 #bjaa &      
#bjba1 ,russia has giv5 at lea/ #afj    
million to ,u4,s4 univ]sities4 ,*9a     
alone has giv5 at lea/ #b4g billion dur+
 ! same "t frame4 ,& dur+ t span1 !     
,/ate ( ,qat> has giv5 at lea/ #e       
billion to ,u4,s4 univ]sities4  7#i7    
,ea* ( ^! nations has a repressive &    
deeply tr\bl+ record on human rights1 & 
all ?ree h engag$ 9 cyb] espionage      
t>get+ ,am]icans4  7#aj7 ,russia1 ,*9a1 
& ,qat> all pose grave ?reats to ,u4,s4 
national security int]e/s1 yet !y h     
successfully lavi%$ billions ( doll>s to
 cultivate /rong ties ) in/itutions (   

high] education & rese>* across ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  7#aa7 ,!re is also evid5ce    
sugge/+ t ,qat> enc\rag$ & pot5tially   
facilitat$ ,u4,s4 univ]sities receiv+   
its l>gess to fl\t ,u4,s4 disclosure    
requirem5ts "u section #aag ( ! ,high]  
,education ,act4  7#ab7 ,al?\gh ! ,c5t] 
= ,int]national ,policy conduct$ a /udy 
9 #bjbj t conclud$ t ?9k tanks focus$ on
 ,f$]al policy receiv$ at lea/ #agd     
million 9 fund+ f =eign gov]nm5tal      
entities betwe5 #bjad & #bjah1 !re is   
curr5tly no means to det]m9e ! actual   
level or ext5t ( =eign influ5ce on su*  
?9k tanks4  7#ac7 ,:ile ! exact am\nt ( 
=eign fund+ t ,u4,s4 bas$ ?9k tanks     
receive is unkn[n1 x is cle> t ! =eign  
s\rces w\ld n provide t level ( fund+   
unless x impact$ ?9k tanks' policy      
recomm5dations4  7#ad7 ,"o prom95t ?9k  
tank1 ! ,ea/ ,we/ ,in/itute1 receiv$    
sub/antial fund+ f ,*9a's ,p's          
,lib]ation ,army1 :i* conducts cyb]     
espionage attacks1 includ+ aga9/        
,am]icans4 ,aft] ! ,ea/ ,we/ ,in/itute 0

 dissolv$ 9 #bjba1 ! ,/imson ,c5t] took 
ov] sev]al ( ! ?9k tank's key programs  
involv+ ,*9a4  7#ae7 ,! ,/imson ,c5t]   
work$ to significantly alt] ! ,homel& & 
,cyb] ,?reat ,act 7,h4,r4 #afjg1        
introduc$ into ! #aag? ,congress on ,m>*
 #h1 #bjba74 ,! ,,hact ,act1 :i* w\ld   
provide an exception to ! ,=eign        
,sov]eign ,immunities ,act ( #aigf      
7,,fsia7 to all[ ,u4,s4 p]sons h>m$ by  
=eign-gov]nm5t sponsor$ cyb]attacks to  
br+ civil claims = damages1 pass$ 9 !   
la/ ,congress ) broad bip>tisan support4
 ,! *anges advocat$ by ! ,/imson ,c5t]  
w\ld gut ! bill & r5d] x completely     
ineffective 9 hold+ =eign nations & _!  
ag5ts responsible = cyb]attacks on & 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#af7 ,"o ( ! ma9      
s\rces ( ! ,/imson ,c5t]'s fund+ is !   
,/ate ( ,qat>1 a major sponsor (        
t]rorism worldwide & "o ( ! mo/ notori\s
 sponsors ( cyb]attacks aga9/ ,u4,s4    
entities4 ,9 #bjai alone1 ! ,/imson     
,c5t] took ov] #fjj1jjj 9 contributions 
f ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,qat>4  7#ag7 ,!        

,brook+s ,in/itution has receiv$ at lea/
 #bb million f ! ,/ate ( ,qat> f #bjac  
?r\gh #bjba1 b ! exact am\nt has n be5  
disclos$ publicly4  7#ah7 ,!re is also  
significant conc]n 9 ,congress ab\t     
pot5tial contractual /ipulations ti$ to 
=eign fund+ t c\ld be lev]ag$ by =eign  
p[]s to ex]t ev5 great] influ5ce ov] !  
rese>* & policy recomm5dations ( ?9k    
tanks t ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & ! ,am]ican 
public w\ld o!rwise believe to be       
indep5d5t4  7#ai7 ,9 a #bjjg            
8,e/abli%m5t ,agreem5t0 betwe5 !        
,brook+s ,in/itution & ,qat>'s ,m9i/ry (
 ,=eign ,affairs--:i* appe>s to h be5 9 
place 9 its orig9al =m ?r\gh ! end (    
#bjba--! ,doha 8bran*0 ( ! ,brook+s     
,in/itution1 call$ ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t]1
 0 effectively own$ & controll$ by !    
,emir ( ,qat>4 ,"u ! t]ms ( ! contract1 
! ,brook+s ,in/itution's role 9 ! ,doha 
,c5t] 0 limit$ to t ( a 8,promot]04     
7#bj7 ,z only reveal$ publicly 9 ,june  
#bjbb1 ! ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] 0 a       
sep>ate & di/9ct legal entity1          

specifically a ,private ,f\ndation = !  
,public ,b5efit1 ! same incorporation   
/atus z ! ,/ate ( ,qat>'s propag&a arm1 
,al ,jaze]a4  7#ba7 ,pursuant to ! #bjjg
 ,e/abli%m5t ,agreem5t1 ! ,director ( ! 
,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] 0 requir$ to report
 directly to ,qat>'s ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign   
,affairs1 includ+ to 8engage 9 regul>   
consultation ''' reg>d+ ! developm5t &  
ongo+ op]ations0 & = prior approval (   
8programs t w be develop$ by ! ,brook+s 
,doha ,c5t]04  7#bb7 ,! ,brook+s ,doha  
,c5t] 0 r5am$ ! ,middle ,ea/ ,c\ncil on 
,global ,affairs1 & evid5ce indicates t 
x is n[ entirely "u ! control ( ! ,qat>i
 ,gov]nm5t4 ,accord+ to a ,janu>y #bjbb 
8,am5dm5t0 to ! #bjjg ,articles (       
,incorporation1 ! ,brook+s ,in/itution  
c$$ ! 8,promot]0 role = ,brook+s ,doha  
,c5t] to a s5ior employee ( ,qat>'s     
,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs1 ,maj$        
,al-,ans>i4 ,?is ,am5dm5t also call$ on 
! ,middle ,ea/ ,c\ncil to assume control
 ( intellectual prop]ty rights t _h be5 
"u ! 8,brook+s0 br&1 includ+ ! cont5t f 

& foll[]s ( ! 8,brookings,doha0 ,twitt] 
acc\nt4  7#bc7 ,congress curr5tly is    
unable to det]m9e :at o!r agreem5ts t ! 
,brook+s ,in/itution or o!r influ5tial  
?9k tanks h ) =eign gov]nm5tal entities1
 a void :i* has already be5 exploit$ by 
at lea/ ! ,/ate ( ,qat> 9 obta9+ prior  
approval ( budgets & rese>* projects    
conduct$ "u ! br&+ ( ! ,brook+s         
,in/itution & ! ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] 9 !
 a=em5tion$ #bjjg contract1 or !        
transf]5ce ( valuable intellectual      
prop]ty to ! ,qat>i ,gov]nm5t pursuant  
to ! #bjbb am5dm5t4  7#bd7 ,!re is broad
 bip>tisan agreem5t t undue =eign       
influ5ce obscur$ ?r\gh ! use (          
proxies--or hidd5 by ! p[]ful br& ( a   
highly respect$ ?9k tank--?reat5s !     
national security int]e/s ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates4 ,!re is also broad agreem5t t   
transp>5cy is ! mo/ important &         
effective tool = r$uc+ ! h>m ( =eign    
influ5ce t>get+ ,u4,s4 public policy or 
public op9ion4  7#be7 ,z su*1 ?is bill  
aims to provide critical transp>5cy     

reg>d+ ! =eign fund+ provid$ to & !     
relat$ contractual agreem5ts ) ?9k tanks
 ^: "w includes influ5c+ ,u4,s4 policies
 or public op9ion4  #c4 ,contemporane\s 
disclosure reports  7a7 ,report+        
conditions  7#a7 ,gifts1 donations1 or  
contributions  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z  
provid$ 9 section #f1 a cov]$ entity t  
receives a gift1 donation1 or           
contribution f a =eign pr9cipal dur+ a  
cal5d> ye> 9 an aggregate am\nt (       
#aj1jjj or great] %all file a disclosure
 report ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al 9          
accordance ) subsection 7b7 n lat] ?an  
#ij days aft] ea* disclosure date4  7,b7
 ,disclosure date def9$ ,9 ?is p>agraph1
 ! t]m disclosure date means-- 7i7 !    
fir/ date dur+ any cal5d> ye> by :i* a  
cov]$ entity has receiv$ a gift1        
donation1 or contribution f a =eign     
pr9cipal 9 an aggregate am\nt ( #aj1jjj 
or great]2 &  7ii7 any o!r date dur+ su*
 cal5d> ye> by :i* a cov]$ entity has   
receiv$ a gift1 donation1 or            
contribution f a =eign pr9cipal 9 an    

aggregate am\nt ( #aj1jjj or great] s9ce
 ! mo/ rec5t disclosure date = su*      
cal5d> ye>4  7#b7 ,contract1 memor&um ( 
und]/&+1 or agreem5t ,except z provid$ 9
 section #f1 a cov]$ entity t ent]s into
 or modifies a contract1 memor&um (     
und]/&+1 or agreem5t ) a =eign pr9cipal 
%all file a disclosure report ) !       
,attorney ,g5]al 9 accordance )         
subsection 7b7 )9 #ij days ( ! =mation  
or modification ( su* contract1         
memor&um1 or agreem5t4  7b7 ,cont5ts (  
contemporane\s disclosure report  7#a7  
,gifts1 donations1 or contributions only
 ,! report requir$ "u subsection 7a77#a7
 %all detail ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! id5tities
 ( ! =eign pr9cipal & ! prim>y po9t (   
contact ( ! =eign pr9cipal = engag+ ) ! 
cov]$ entity1 includ+ ! "n & title ( su*
 po9t ( contact4  7,b7 ,! date on :i* ! 
=eign pr9cipal provid$ a gift1 donation1
 or contribution to ! cov]$ entity4     
7,c7 ,! aggregate doll> am\nt ( su*     
gift1 donation1 or contribution         
attributable to a p>ticul> =eign        

pr9cipal4  7,d7 ,a description ( any    
conditions or re/rictions reg>d+ any ( !
 disclos$ gifts1 donations1 or          
contributions4  7,e7 ,! aggregate am\nt 
( su* gifts1 donations1 or contributions
 receiv$ f ea* =eign pr9cipal4  7,f7 ,a 
description ( any decisions made because
 ( ! =eign pr9cipal to ! /ructure ( !   
organization or to ! rese>*1 programs1  
or cont5t int5d$ to be or actually      
publi%$1 dissem9at$1 or promot$ by !    
cov]$ entity4  7#b7 ,contract1 memor&um 
( und]/&+1 or agreem5t only ,! report   
requir$ "u subsection 7a77#b7 %all      
detail ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! id5tities ( !  
=eign pr9cipal & ! prim>y po9t ( contact
 ( ! =eign pr9cipal = engag+ ) ! cov]$  
entity1 includ+ ! "n & title ( su* po9t 
( contact4  7,b7 ,! date on :i* ! cov]$ 
entity ent]$ into or modifi$ a contract1
 memor&um ( und]/&+1 or agreem5t ) a    
=eign pr9cipal4  7,c7 ,copies ( all     
writt5 contracts1 agreem5ts1 or memor&a 
( und]/&+ ! cov]$ entity ent]$ into or  
modifi$ ) any =eign pr9cipal4  7,d7     

,copies ( all int]nal & ext]nal         
docum5ts1 rese>* mat]ials & publications
 produc$ z a result ( ! contract1       
memor&um ( und]/&+1 or agreem5t4  7,e7  
,a description ( any decisions made     
because ( ! =eign pr9cipal to ! /ructure
 ( ! organization or to ! rese>*1       
programs1 or cont5t int5d$ to be or     
actually publi%$1 dissem9at$1 or promot$
 by ! cov]$ entity4  #d4 ,initial       
disclosure reports  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,a     
cov]$ entity %all file an initial       
disclosure report1 9 accordance )       
subsections 7b7 or 7c71 ) ! ,attorney   
,g5]al )9 #ahj days ( ! date ( enactm5t 
( ?is ,act if1 dur+ ! p]iod beg9n+ on   
,janu>y #a/ ( ! mo/ rec5t cal5d> ye> :i*
 end$ be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act 
& end+ on ! effective date ( ?is ,act-- 
7#a7 su* cov]$ entity receiv$ a gift1   
donation1 or contribution f a =eign     
pr9cipal 9 an aggregate am\nt ( #aj1jjj 
or great]2  7#b7 su* cov]$ entity ent]$ 
into or modifi$ a contract1 memor&um (  
und]/&+1 or agreem5t ) a =eign pr9cipal2

 or  7#c7 su* cov]$ entity _h previ\sly 
ent]$ into a contract1 agreem5t or      
memor&um ( und]/&+ ) a =eign pr9cipal t 
0 /ill valid or en=ceable on or aft]    
,janu>y #a ( ! mo/ rec5t cal5d> ye> :i* 
end$ be=e ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 
7b7 ,prior gifts1 donations1 or         
contributions ,! report requir$ "u      
subsection 7a77#a7 %all detail ! foll[+3
 7#a7 ,! "n ( ! =eign pr9cipal4  7#b7 ,!
 c\ntry ( citiz5%ip ( ! =eign pr9cipal4 
7#c7 ,! am\nt & date ( su* gifts1       
donations1 or contributions4  7#d7 ,!   
description ( any conditions or         
re/rictions atta*$ to1 or plac$ on1 !   
gifts1 donations1 or contributions4     
7#e7 ,a description ( any decisions made
 because ( ! =eign pr9cipal to !        
/ructure ( ! organization or to !       
rese>*1 programs1 or cont5t int5d$ to be
 or actually publi%$1 dissem9at$1 or    
promot$ by ! cov]$ entity4  7c7         
,contract1 memor&um ( und]/&+1 or       
agreem5t ,! report requir$ "u subsection
 7a77#b7 %all detail ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,!  

"n ( ! =eign pr9cipal4  7#b7 ,! c\ntry (
 citiz5%ip ( ! =eign pr9cipal4  7#c7    
,copies ( ea* writt5 contract1 memor&um 
( und]/&+1 or agreem5t4  7#d7 ,any      
modification ( ea* su* writt5 contract1 
memor&um1 or agreem5t4  7#e7 ,! t]ms &  
conditions ( ea* oral agreem5t4  7#f7   
,any modification ( ea* su* oral        
agreem5t4  7#g7 ,a compreh5sive /atem5t 
(-- 7,a7 ! nature & me?od ( p]=mance (  
ea* item describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#c7 ?r\gh
 7#f72 &  7,b7 ! actions tak5 by ! cov]$
 entity at ! reque/ or sugge/ion ( ea*  
su* =eign pr9cipal4  7#h7 ,a description
 ( any decisions made because ( ! =eign 
pr9cipal to ! /ructure ( ! organization 
or to ! rese>*1 programs1 or cont5t     
int5d$ to be or actually publi%$1       
dissem9at$1 or promot$ by ! cov]$       
entity4  #e4 ,brief+s1 te/imony1 or     
simil> =ms ( pres5tation ( rese>*  7a7  
,label+ ( writt5 mat]ials ,if a cov]$   
entity provides a brief+1 te/imony1 or  
simil> =m ( pres5tation ( rese>* to a   
memb] or employee ( ,congress or an     

executive bran* (ficial1 su* cov]$      
entity %all id5tify prom95tly on any    
writt5 mat]ials ! "n ( ! relevant =eign 
pr9cipal & ! c\ntry ( citiz5%ip1 if !   
=eign pr9cipal is n a gov]nm5t1 :o      
provid$ fund+ = su* brief+1 te/imony1 or
 simil> =m ( pres5tation ( rese>*4  7b7 
,add5dum to brief+1 te/imony1           
pres5tation ,9 ! ev5t t no writt5       
mat]ials are provid$1 ! cov]$ entity    
%all convey ! in=mation requir$ "u      
subsection 7a7 9 writ+ to ! memb] or    
employee ( ,congress or executive bran* 
(ficial be=e or )9 #aj days aft] !      
brief+1 te/imony1 or pres5tation4  #f4  
,relation to ,o!r ,report+ ,requirem5ts 
7a7 ,/ate reports  7#a7 ,requirem5ts ( a
 cov]$ entity ,if a cov]$ entity is )9 a
 ,/ate :i* has enact$ requirem5ts =     
public disclosure ( gifts1 donations1 or
 contributions f or contracts or        
agreem5ts ) a =eign pr9cipal t are      
sub/antially simil> to ! requirem5ts (  
?is ,act1 a copy ( ! disclosure report  
fil$ ) ! ,/ate may be fil$ ) ! ,attorney

 ,g5]al 9 lieu ( a report requir$ "u ?is
 ,act4  7#b7 ,requirem5ts ( ! ,/ate ,!  
,/ate 9 :i* ! cov]$ entity is locat$    
%all provide to ! ,attorney ,g5]al su*  
assurances z ! ,attorney ,g5]al may     
require to e/abli% t ! cov]$ entity has 
met ! requirem5ts = public disclosure "u
 ,/ate law if ! ,/ate report is fil$4   
7b7 ,f$]al reports ,if a cov]$ entity   
receives a gift1 donation1 or           
contribution f1 or ent]s into a contract
 or agreem5t )1 a =eign pr9cipal1 if any
 o!r dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 or bureau ( !     
executive bran* requires a report       
conta9+ requirem5ts sub/antially simil> 
to ^? requir$ "u ?is section1 a copy ( !
 report may be fil$ ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al
 9 lieu ( a report requir$ "u ?is ,act4 
#g4 ,adm9i/ration & ,en=cem5t  7a7      
,books & records  7#a7 ,ret5tion p]iod  
,= a p]iod ( n less ?an #e ye>s1 a cov]$
 entity %all reta9 ! necess>y mat]ials  
requir$ to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is 
,act1 includ+ books ( acc\nt1 all       
communications ) ! =eign pr9cipal1 & o!r

 records reg>d+ its activities relat$ to
 any contracts1 memor&um ( und]/&+s1 or 
agreem5ts ) or gifts1 donations1 or     
contributions f a =eign pr9cipal4  7#b7 
,inspection  7,a7 ,attorney ,g5]al ,^u  
reque/ ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ea* cov]$  
entity %all furni% to ! ,attorney ,g5]al
 all in=mation & records 9 its          
possession :i* ! ,attorney ,g5]al may   
det]m9e to be necess>y to comply ) !    
requirem5ts "u ?is ,act4  7,b7 ,congress
 ,^u reque/ ( ,congress or a committee (
 ,congress1 a cov]$ entity %all furni%  
to ,congress or ! committee su*         
in=mation & records z ,congress or !    
committee may reque/ to det]m9e ! ext5t 
to :i* ! cov]$ entity is 9 compliance ) 
! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act4  7#c7         
,publication ,any in=mation or records  
furni%$ pursuant to p>agraph 7#b77;,a7  
%all be made available 9 ! database     
requir$ "u subsection 7a74  7#d7        
,prohibition ,x %all be unlawful = any  
p]son willfully to conceal1 de/roy1     
oblit]ate1 mutilate1 or falsify1 or to  

attempt to conceal1 de/roy1 oblit]ate1  
mutilate1 or falsify1 or to cause to be 
conceal$1 de/roy$1 oblit]at$1 mutilat$1 
or falsifi$1 any books or records       
requir$ to be kept "u ! provisions ( ?is
 section4  7b7 ,publication ,all        
disclosure reports requir$ by ?is ,act  
%all be made available to ! public ?r\gh
 a database ma9ta9$ on ! (ficial website
 ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4  7c7 ,civil   
monet>y p5alty ,any cov]$ entity t fails
 to comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1  
includ+ any rule or regulation          
promulgat$ !reund]1 %all be subject1 9  
addition to any o!r p5alties t may be   
prescrib$ by law1 to a civil money      
p5alty ( no less ?an #a1jjj = ea* day ( 
! failure describ$ by ?is ,act4  7d7    
,civil action  7#a7 ,c\rt ord]s ,:5ev] x
 appe>s t a cov]$ entity has fail$ to   
comply ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1      
includ+ any rule or regulation          
promulgat$ "u ?is ,act1 a civil action  
may be br\ght by ! ,attorney ,g5]al 9 an
 appropriate di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$    

,/ates1 or ! appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates  
c\rt ( any t]ritory or o!r place subject
 to ! jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to
 reque/ su* c\rt to compel compliance ) 
! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,co/s ,=
 kn[+ or willful failure to comply ) !  
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 includ+ any rule
 or regulation promulgat$ !reund]1 a    
cov]$ entity %all pay to ! ,treasury ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ! full co/s to ! ,unit$  
,/ates ( obta9+ compliance1 includ+ all 
associat$ co/s ( inve/igation &         
en=cem5t4  7e7 ,regulations ,! ,attorney
 ,g5]al may promulgate regulations to   
c>ry out ?is ,act4  #h4 ,def9itions ,9  
?is ,act3 7#a7 ,conduct int5d+ to       
directly or indirectly influ5ce public  
policy or public op9ion ,! t]m conduct  
int5d+ to directly or indirectly        
influ5ce public policy or public op9ion 
means1 ) respect to a cov]$ entity1 any 
activity t ! cov]$ entity engag+ 9      
believes w1 or t ! cov]$ entity int5ds  
to1 9 any way influ5ce any ag5cy or     
(ficial ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 

or any section ( ! public )9 ! ,unit$   
,/ates ) ref]5ce to =mulat+1 adopt+1 or 
*ang+ ! dome/ic or =eign policies ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates or ) ref]5ce to !         
political or public int]e/s1 policies1  
or relations ( a gov]nm5t ( a =eign     
c\ntry or a =eign political p>ty4  7#b7 
,contract ,! t]m contract means any     
agreem5t = ! acquisition by pur*ase1    
lease1 or b>t] ( prop]ty or s]vices by !
 =eign pr9cipal1 = ! direct b5efit or   
use ( ei!r ( ! p>ties4  7#c7 ,c\ntry (  
citiz5%ip ,! t]m c\ntry ( citiz5%ip1 )  
respect to a =eign pr9cipal1 includes-- 
7,a7 ! pr9cipal resid5ce = a =eign      
pr9cipal :o is a natural p]son2 or  7,b7
 ! c\ntry ( incorporation or ! pr9cipal 
place ( bus9ess = a =eign pr9cipal :i*  
is a legal entity4  7#d7 ,cov]$ entity  
,! t]m cov]$ entity-- 7,a7 means a      
nonpr(it organization or a n-=-pr(it    
social welf>e organization t-- 7i7 sp5ds
 m ?an #bj p]c5t ( its res\rces )9 any  
giv5 cal5d> ye> on conduct int5d+ to    
directly or indirectly influ5ce public  

policy or public op9ion2 or  7ii7 is    
affiliat$ ) or is a sub-unit ( an       
in/itution subject to section #aag ( !  
,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajaa;f7 t-- 7,i7 engages 9 or
 publi%es sub/antial policy-relat$      
rese>* or s*ol>%ip2 or  7,,ii7 ho/s1    
sponsors1 or o!rwise promotes annual1 or
 on a m frequ5t basis1 ev5ts featur+    
report]s1 j\rnali/s1 or ,u4,s4 or =eign 
gov]nm5t (ficials2 &  7,b7 excludes--   
7i7 an in/itution subject to section    
#aag ( ! ,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 
7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaa;f72 &  7ii7 an     
entity organiz$ & op]at$ exclusively =  
religi\s purposes4  7#e7 ,=eign pr9cipal
 ,! t]m =eign pr9cipal includes-- 7,a7 a
 gov]nm5t ( a =eign c\ntry & a =eign    
political p>ty2  7,b7 a p]son outside ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 unless x is e/abli%$ t 
su* p]son is an individual & a citiz5 ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or t su* p]son is n an 
individual & is organiz$ "u or creat$ by
 ! laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ( any ,/ate
 or o!r place subject to ! jurisdiction 

( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & has its pr9cipal    
place ( bus9ess )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 &   
7,c7 a p>tn]%ip1 association1           
corporation1 organization1 or o!r       
comb9ation ( p]sons organiz$ "u ! laws (
 or hav+ its pr9cipal place ( bus9ess 9 
a =eign c\ntry4  7#f7 ,gift1 donation1  
or contribution ,! t]m gift1 donation1  
or contribution means any gift ( money1 
prop]ty1 or 9-k9d contribution giv5     
directly or indirectly to a cov]$ entity
 by a =eign pr9cipal4  7#g7 ,n-=-pr(it  
social welf>e organization ,! t]m       
n-=-pr(it social welf>e organization    
means an organization describ$ 9 section
 #eja7;c77#d7 ( ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code
 ( #aihf & exempt f tax "u section      
#eja7;a7 ( su* code4  7#h7 ,nonpr(it    
organization ,! t]m nonpr(it            
organization means an organization      
describ$ 9 section #eja7;c77#c7 ( !     
,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf & exempt 
f tax "u section #eja7;a7 ( su* code4   
7#i7 ,re/rict$ or conditional gift or   
contract ,! t]m re/rict$ or conditional 

gift or contract means any end[m5t1     
gift1 grant1 contract1 aw>d1 pres5t1 or 
prop]ty ( any k9d :i* includes          
provisions reg>d+-- 7,a7 ! employm5t1   
assignm5t1 comp5sation1 or t]m9ation (  
rese>*]s1 s*ol>s1 or exp]ts2  7,b7 !    
e>m>k+ ( funds = dep>tm5ts1 c5t]s1      
rese>* or lecture programs1 or new      
positions = rese>*]s1 s*ol>s1 or exp]ts2
  7,c7 ! subject matt]1 nature1 or      
cont5ts ( rese>*1 analysis or any       
in=mation publi%$ or dissem9at$ to      
,u4,s4 gov]nm5t (ficials1 ! m$ia1 or !  
public2 or  7,d7 any o!r condition or   
expectation reg>d+ ei!r ! =eign         
pr9cipal's ability to review 9 advance1 
approve1 veto1 or modify budgets1       
programs1 ev5ts1 or pres5tations1 or !  
cont5ts ( in=mation or mat]ials to be   
publi%$ or dissem9at$4  #i4 ,effective  
date ,?is ,act %all take effect on !    
date t is #abj days foll[+ ! date (     
enactm5t4