,i  #aah? ,,congress  #a/ ,session  ,h4 
,r4 #ab  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(             
,,repres5tatives  ,m>* #cj1 #bjbc,ms4   
,*u 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,adams1 ,mr4        
,aguil>1 ,mr4 ,allr$1 ,mr4 ,au*9closs1  
,ms4 ,bal9t1 ,ms4 ,b>ragn1 ,mrs4        
,beatty1 ,mr4 ,b]a1 ,mr4 ,bey]1 ,mr4    
,blum5au]1 ,ms4 ,blunt ,ro*e/]1 ,ms4    
,bonamici1 ,mr4 ,b[man1 ,ms4 ,br[n1 ,ms4
 ,br[nley1 ,ms4 ,budz9ski1 ,ms4 ,bu%1   
,ms4 ,c>aveo1 ,mr4 ,c>bajal1 ,mr4       
,crd5as1 ,mr4 ,c>son1 ,mr4 ,c>t] (      
,l\isiana1 ,mr4 ,c>twright1 ,mr4 ,cas>1 
,mr4 ,ca/51 ,ms4 ,ca/or ( ,florida1 ,mr4
 ,ca/ro ( ,texas1 ,mr4 ,cicill9e1 ,ms4  
,cl>ke ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,cleav]1 ,mr4 
,coh51 ,mr4 ,connolly1 ,mr4 ,c\rtney1   
,ms4 ,craig1 ,ms4 ,crockett1 ,mr4 ,cr[1 
,ms4 ,davids ( ,kansas1 ,mr4 ,davis (   
,ill9ois1 ,ms4 ,dean ( ,p5nsylvania1    
,ms4 ,de,gette1 ,ms4 ,de,lauro1 ,ms4    
,del,bene1 ,mr4 ,deluzio1 ,mr4          
,de,saulnier1 ,mrs4 ,d+ell1 ,mr4        
,doggett1 ,ms4 ,escob>1 ,mr4 ,espaillat1
 ,mr4 ,evans1 ,mrs4 ,flet*]1 ,mr4 ,fo/]1

 ,ms4 ,lois ,frankel ( ,florida1 ,mr4   
,fro/1 ,mr4 ,g>am5di1 ,ms4 ,g>cia (     
,texas1 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,g>cia ( ,cali=nia1 
,mr4 ,g>ca ( ,ill9ois1 ,ms4 ,p]ez1 ,mr4 
,goldman ( ,new ,york1 ,mr4 ,gomez1 ,mr4
 ,got!im]1 ,mr4 ,gre5 ( ,texas1 ,mr4    
,grijalva1 ,mr4 ,himes1 ,mr4 ,hors=d1   
,ms4 ,h\lahan1 ,ms4 ,hoyle ( ,oregon1   
,mr4 ,huffman1 ,mr4 ,ivey1 ,mr4 ,jackson
 ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,ms4 ,jackson ,lee1   
,ms4 ,jacobs1 ,ms4 ,jayapal1 ,mr4       
,jeffries1 ,ms4 ,kamlag]-,dove1 ,ms4    
,kelly ( ,ill9ois1 ,mr4 ,khanna1 ,mr4   
,kildee1 ,mr4 ,kilm]1 ,mr4              
,kri%namoor?i1 ,ms4 ,ku/]1 ,mr4 ,l>s5 ( 
,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,l>son ( ,connecticut1   
,mrs4 ,lee ( ,nevada1 ,ms4 ,lee (       
,cali=nia1 ,ms4 ,lee ( ,p5nsylvania1    
,mr4 ,lev91 ,mr4 ,lieu1 ,ms4 ,l(gr51    
,mr4 ,lyn*1 ,mr4 ,magaz9]1 ,ms4 ,mann+1 
,ms4 ,matsui1 ,mrs4 ,mc,bath1 ,mrs4     
,mc,clellan1 ,ms4 ,mc,collum1 ,mr4      
,mc,govern1 ,mr4 ,gallego1 ,mr4 ,meeks1 
,ms4 ,m5g1 ,ms4 ,moore ( ,wiscons91 ,mr4
 ,morelle1 ,mr4 ,mosk[itz1 ,mr4 ,m\lton1

 ,mr4 ,mrvan1 ,mr4 ,mull91 ,mr4 ,nadl]1 
,mrs4 ,napolitano1 ,mr4 ,neal1 ,mr4     
,nickel1 ,mr4 ,norcross1 ,ms4 ,norton1  
,ms4 ,om>1 ,mr4 ,pallone1 ,mr4 ,panetta1
 ,mr4 ,pascrell1 ,mr4 ,payne1 ,ms4      
,pelosi1 ,mr4 ,pet]s1 ,ms4 ,pett]s51    
,ms4 ,p+ree1 ,mr4 ,pocan1 ,ms4 ,port]1  
,ms4 ,pressley1 ,mr4 ,quigley1 ,mr4     
,rask91 ,mr4 ,?an$>1 ,ms4 ,ross1 ,mr4   
,rupp]sb]g]1 ,mr4 ,ryan1 ,ms4 ,sal9as1  
,ms4 ,sn*ez1 ,mr4 ,s>banes1 ,ms4        
,scanlon1 ,ms4 ,s*ak[sky1 ,mr4 ,s*iff1  
,mr4 ,s*neid]1 ,ms4 ,s*ri]1 ,mr4 ,scott 
( ,virg9ia1 ,ms4 ,sewell1 ,mr4 ,%]man1  
,ms4 ,%]rill1 ,ms4 ,slotk91 ,mr4 ,smi? (
 ,wa%+ton1 ,mr4 ,sor5s51 ,ms4 ,/ansbury1
 ,mr4 ,/anton1 ,ms4 ,/ev5s1 ,ms4        
,/rickl&1 ,mr4 ,swalwell1 ,mrs4 ,sykes1 
,mr4 ,takano1 ,mr4 ,?ompson ( ,cali=nia1
 ,mr4 ,?ompson ( ,mississippi1 ,ms4     
,titus1 ,ms4 ,tlaib1 ,ms4 ,tokuda1 ,mr4 
,tonko1 ,mrs4 ,torres ( ,cali=nia1 ,mr4 
,torres ( ,new ,york1 ,mrs4 ,trahan1    
,mr4 ,trone1 ,ms4 ,und]wood1 ,ms4       
,velzquez1 ,ms4 ,wass]man ,s*ultz1 ,mrs4

 ,watson ,coleman1 ,ms4 ,wexton1 ,ms4   
,wild1 ,ms4 ,williams ( ,georgia1 ,ms4  
,wilson ( ,florida1 ,mrs4 ,hayes1 ,mr4  
,mfume1 ,mr4 ,johnson ( ,georgia1 ,mr4  
,kim ( ,new ,j]sey1 ,mr4 ,co/a1 ,ms4    
,leg] ,f]n&ez1 ,ms4 ,cl>k (             
,massa*usetts1 ,ms4 ,e%oo1 ,mr4         
,vasquez1 ,ms4 ,spanb]g]1 ,mr4 ,l&sman1 
,mr4 ,keat+1 ,mrs4 ,f\%ee1 ,mr4 ,m55dez1
 ,mr4 ,hoy]1 ,mr4 ,boyle ( ,p5nsylvania1
 ,mr4 ,soto1 ,ms4 ,ocasio-,cortez1 ,mr4 
,phillips1 ,ms4 ,plaskett1 ,mr4 ,gold5 (
 ,ma9e1 ,mr4 ,mc,garvey1 ,mr4 ,ruiz1    
,ms4 ,s*olt51 ,mrs4 ,peltola1 ,ms4      
,kaptur1 ,mr4 ,case1 ,mr4 ,neguse1 ,mr4 
,bi%op ( ,georgia1 ,mr4 ,jackson (      
,ill9ois1 ,ms4 ,wat]s1 ,mr4 ,v>gas1     
,mrs4 ,ramirez1 ,mr4 ,clyburn1 ,mr4     
,veasey1 & ,mr4 ,correa7 introduc$ !    
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 ref]r$ to !          
,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce1 & 9    
addition to ! ,committee on ! ,judici>y1
 = a p]iod to be subsequ5tly det]m9$ by 
! ,speak]1 9 ea* case = consid]ation (  
su* provisions z fall )9 ! jurisdiction 

( ! committee conc]n$  ,a ,,bill  ,to   
protect a p]son's ability to det]m9e    
:e!r to cont9ue or end a pregnancy1 & to
 protect a heal? c>e provid]'s ability  
to provide abortion s]vices4  #a4 ,%ort 
title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,wom5's 
,heal? ,protection ,act ( #bjbc4  #b4   
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7    
,abortion s]vices are ess5tial heal?    
c>e1 & access to ^? s]vices is c5tral to
 p's ability to p>ticipate equally 9 !  
economic & social life ( ! ,unit$       
,/ates4 ,abortion access all[s p :o are 
pregnant to make _! own decisions ab\t  
_! pregnancies1 _! families1 & _! lives4
  7#b7 ,reproductive ju/ice requires e  
individual to h ! "r to make _! own     
decisions ab\t hav+ *ildr5 reg>dless (  
_! circum/ances & )\t int]f]5ce &       
discrim9ation4 ,reproductive ju/ice is a
 human "r t c & w be a*iev$ :5 all p1   
reg>dless ( actual or p]ceiv$ race1     
color1 national orig91 immigration      
/atus1 sex 7includ+ g5d] id5tity1 sex   
/]eotyp+1 or sexual ori5tation71 age1 or

 disability /atus h ! economic1 social1 
& political p[] & res\rces to def9e &   
make decisions ab\t _! bodies1 heal?1   
sexuality1 families1 & communities 9 all
 areas ( _! lives1 ) dignity &          
self-det]m9ation4  7#c7 ,abortion c>e1 l
 all heal? c>e1 is a human "r t %\ld n  
dep5d on "o's ,,zip ,code or region1    
age1 actual or p]ceiv$ race1 national   
orig91 immigration /atus1 sex1 or       
disability /atus4 ,un=tunately1 ?is is !
 curr5t reality = millions1 creat+ a    
pat*work ( abortion access across !     
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,protect+ ! "r to det]m9e
 :e!r to cont9ue or end a pregnancy1 & !
 "r ( heal? c>e provid]s to provide     
abortion c>e1 is necess>y & ess5tial to 
a*iev+ ?is human "r1 & ultimately       
reproductive ju/ice4  7#d7 ,on ,june    
#bd1 #bjbb1 9 its decision 9 ,dobbs v4  
,jackson ,wom5's ,heal? ,organization1 !
 ,supreme ,c\rt ov]rul$ ,roe v4 ,wade1  
rev]s+ decades ( prec$5t recogniz+ a    
con/itutional "r to t]m9ate a pregnancy 
be=e fetal viability4  7#e7 ,! effects (

 ! ,dobbs decision 7 imm$iate &         
disa/r\s4 ,9 ! aft]ma? ( ! ,dobbs       
decision1 _m ,/ates impos$ ne>-total    
bans on abortion4 ,z ( ,m>* #bjbc1      
abortion is unavailable 9 #ad ,/ates1   
leav+ #ag4h million wom5 ( reproductive 
age 7#ae-di7 & transg5d] & g5d]         
noncon=m+ individuals ) ! capacity to   
become pregnant )\t abortion access 9 _!
 home ,/ate4 ,)9 #ajj days ( ! rul+1 #ff
 cl9ics across #ae ,/ates 7 =c$ to /op  
(f]+ abortions4  7#f7 ,travel "t to an  
abortion cl9ic1 already a burd5 =       
abortion seek]s "u ,roe1 has m ?an      
tripl$ s9ce ,dobbs4 ,z di/ance to an    
abortion facility increases1 s d !      
accompany+ 7& pot5tially prohibitive7   
burd5s ( "t (f "w or s*ool1 lo/ wages1  
transportation co/s1 lodg+1 *ild c>e    
co/s1 & o!r ancill>y co/s4  7#g7 ,ev5   
be=e ! ,dobbs decision1 access to       
abortion s]vices _h long be5 ob/ruct$   
across ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 v>i\s ways1    
includ+3 prohibitions (1 & re/rictions  
on1 insurance cov]age2 m&atory p>5tal   

involvem5t laws2 re/rictions t %ame &   
/igmatize p seek+ abortion s]vices2 &   
m$ically unnecess>y regulations t fail  
to fur!r ! safety ( abortion s]vices1 b 
in/ead cause h>m p by delay+1 complicat+
 access to1 & r$uc+ ! availability (1   
abortion s]vices4  7#h7 ,be+ d5i$ an    
abortion c h s]i\s consequ5ces = p's    
physical1 m5tal1 & economic heal? &     
well-be+1 & t ( _! families4 ,accord+ to
 ! ,turnaway ,/udy1 a longitud9al /udy  
publi%$ by ,advanc+ ,new ,/&>ds ,9      
,reproductive ,heal? 7,,ansirh7 9 #bjai1
 individuals :o are d5i$ a want$        
abortion are m likely to exp]i5ce       
economic insecurity ?an individuals :o  
receive a want$ abortion4 ,aft] foll[+  
p>ticipants = five ye>s1 ! /udy f\nd t p
 :o 7 d5i$ abortion c>e 7 m likely to   
live 9 pov]ty1 exp]i5ce debt1 & h l[]   
cr$it scores = sev]al ye>s aft] ! d5ial4
 ,^! f9d+s demon/rate t :5 p h control  
ov] :5 to h *ildr5 & h[ _m *ildr5 to h1 
_! *ildr5 b5efit ?r\gh increas$ economic
 security & bett] mat]nal bond+4  7#i7  

,abortion bans & re/rictions h          
rep]cussions = a broad range ( heal? c>e
 beyond pregnancy t]m9ation1 includ+    
exac]bat+ ! exi/+ mat]nal heal? crisis  
fac+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates  
has ! highe/ mat]nal mortality rate (   
any indu/rializ$ nations1 & ,black wom5 
& bir?+ p face ?ree times ! risk ( dy+ f
 pregnancy relat$ causes z _! :ite      
c\nt]p>ts4 ,ev5 prior to ,dobbs1 rese>* 
f\nd t ,/ates t enact$ abortion         
re/rictions bas$ on ge/ation increas$ _!
 mat]nal mortality rate by #ch p]c5t4   
,rese>* has f\nd t a nationwide ban w\ld
 increase ! ,unit$ ,/ates mat]nal       
mortality rate by an additional #bd     
p]c5t4 ,fur!rmore1 ,/ates t h bann$1 are
 plann+ to ban1 or h sev]ely re/rict$   
abortion c>e h few] mat]nal heal?       
provid]s1 m mat]nity c>e des]ts1 high]  
rates ( bo? mat]nal & infant mortality1 
& great] racial inequity 9 heal? c>e4   
7#aj7 ,abortion bans & re/rictions      
additionally h>m p's heal? by r$uc+     
access to o!r ess5tial heal? c>e s]vices

 (f]$ by _m ( ! provid]s t>get$ by !    
re/rictions1 includ+-- 7,a7 scre5+s &   
prev5tive s]vices1 includ+ contraceptive
 s]vices2  7,b7 te/+ & treatm5t =       
sexually transmitt$ infections2  7,c7   
,,lgbtq heal? s]vices2 &  7,d7 ref]rals 
= prim>y c>e1 intimate p>tn] viol5ce    
prev5tion1 pr5atal c>e1 & adoption      
s]vices4  7#aa7 ,?is ripple effect has  
only wors5$ s9ce ! ,dobbs decision4     
,cl9icians & ph>maci/s h d5i$ access to 
ess5tial m$ication = conditions includ+ 
ga/ric ulc]s & autoimmune diseases      
because ^? drugs are also us$ =         
m$ication abortion c>e4 ,pati5ts are    
report+ be+ d5i$ or delay$ 9 _! receipt 
( necess>y & pot5tially lifesav+        
treatm5t = ectopic pregnancies &        
misc>riage managem5t because ( ! newf\nd
 legal risks fac+ provid]s4  7#ab7      
,reproductive ju/ice seeks to address   
re/rictions on reproductive heal?1      
includ+ abortion1 t p]petuate sy/ems (  
oppression1 lack ( bodily autonomy1 :ite
 supremacy1 & anti-,black racism4 ,?is  

viol5t legacy has manife/$ 9 policies   
includ+ enslavem5t1 rape1 &             
exp]im5tation on ,black wom52 =c$       
/]ilizations1 m$ical exp]im5tation on   
l[-income wom5's reproductive sy/ems2 & 
! =cible removal ( ,indig5\s *ildr54    
,access to equitable reproductive heal? 
c>e1 includ+ abortion s]vices1 has      
always be5 defici5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = 
,black1 ,indig5\s1 ,lat9a_/x1 ,asian    
,am]ican & ,pacific ,isl&]1 & ,p (      
,color 7,,bipoc7 & _! families4  7#ac7  
,! legacy ( re/rictions on reproductive 
heal?1 rights1 & ju/ice is n a dat$     
ve/ige ( a d>k hi/ory4 ,data %[ ! h>ms (
 abortion-specific re/rictions fall     
especially heavily on p ) l[ incomes1 p 
( color1 immigrants1 "y p1 p )          
disabilities1 & ^? liv+ 9 rural & o!r   
m$ically und]s]v$ areas4 ,abortion bans 
& re/rictions are comp\nd$ fur!r by !   
ongo+ crim9alization ( p :o are         
pregnant1 includ+ ^? :o are inc>c]at$1  
liv+ ) ,,hiv1 or ) sub/ance-use         
disord]s4 ,^! populations already       

exp]i5ce heal? disp>ities due to social1
 political1 & environm5tal inequities1 &
 re/rictions on abortion s]vices        
exac]bate ^! h>ms4 ,remov+ bans &       
re/rictions on abortion s]vices w\ld    
con/itute "o important /ep on ! pa? t[>d
 realiz+ reproductive ju/ice by ensur+ t
 ! full range ( reproductive heal? c>e  
is accessible to all :o ne$ x4  7#ad7   
,abortion bans & re/rictions are tools (
 g5d] oppression1 z !y t>get heal? c>e  
s]vices t are us$ prim>ily by wom54 ,^! 
pat]nali/ic bans & re/rictions rely on &
 re9=ce h>mful /]eotypes ab\t g5d] roles
 & wom5's decisionmak+1 und]m9+ _!      
ability to control _! own lives &       
well-be+4 ,^! re/rictions h>m ! basic   
autonomy1 dignity1 & equality ( wom54   
7#ae7 ,! t]ms woman & wom5 are us$ 9 ?is
 bill to reflect ! id5tity ( ! majority 
( p t>get$ & mo/ directly affect$ by    
bans & re/rictions on abortion s]vices1 
:i* are root$ 9 misogyny4 ,h[ev]1 access
 to abortion s]vices is critical to !   
heal? ( e p]son capable ( becom+        

pregnant4 ,?is ,act is int5d$ to protect
 all p ) ! capacity = pregnancy--cisg5d]
 wom51 transg5d] m51 nonb9>y            
individuals1 ^? :o id5tify ) a diff]5t  
g5d]1 & o!rs--:o are unju/ly h>m$ by    
re/rictions on abortion s]vices4  7#af7 
,pregnant individuals w cont9ue to      
exp]i5ce a range ( pregnancy outcomes1  
includ+ abortion1 misc>riage1 /illbir?s1
 & infant losses reg>dless ( h[ ! ,/ate 
attempts to ex]t p[] ov] _! reproductive
 decisionmak+1 & w cont9ue to ne$       
support = _! heal? & well-be+ ?r\gh _!  
reproductive lifespans4  7#ag7 ,evid5ce 
f ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ar\nd ! globe be>s  
out t crim9aliz+ abortion inv>iably     
leads to arre/s1 inve/igations1 &       
imprisonm5t ( p :o end _! pregnancies or
 exp]i5ce pregnancy loss1 lead+ to      
violations ( fundam5tal rights to       
lib]ty1 dignity1 bodily autonomy1       
equality1 due process1 privacy1 heal?1 &
 fre$om f cruel & inhumane treatm5t4    
7#ah7 ,all major exp]ts 9 public heal? &
 m$ic9e su* z ! ,am]ican ,m$ical        

,association1 ,am]ican ,public ,heal?   
,association1 ,am]ican ,academy (       
,p$iatrics1 ,am]ican ,society (         
,addiction ,m$ic9e1 & ! ,am]ican        
,college ( ,ob/etricians &              
,gynecologi/s1 oppose ! crim9alization (
 pregnancy outcomes because ! ?reat (   
be+ subject to inve/igation or puni%m5t 
?r\gh ! crim9al legal sy/em :5 seek+    
heal? c>e ?reat5s pregnant p's lives &  
und]m9es public heal? by det]r+ p f     
seek+ c>e = ob/etrical em]g5cies4  7#ai7
 ,antiabortion /igma t is comp\nd$ by   
abortion bans & re/rictions also        
contributes to viol5ce & h>assm5t t put 
bo? p seek+ & p provid+ abortion c>e at 
risk4 ,f #aigg to #bjba1 !re 7 #aa      
murd]s1 #db bomb+s1 #aif acts ( arson1  
#dia assaults1 & ?\s&s ( o!r incid5ts ( 
crim9al activity direct$ at abortion    
seek]s1 provid]s1 volunte]s1 & cl9ic    
/aff4 ,?is viol5ce exi/$ "u ,roe & has  
be5 /eadily escalat+ = ye>s4 ,! pres5ce 
( dang]\s prote/ors & organiz$ extremi/s
 acts z yet ano!r b>ri] to abortion c>e1

 & ?is ?reat has become ev5 m urg5t z   
abortion bans prolif]ate & /igma ar\nd  
abortion c>e increases4  7#bj7 ,abortion
 is "o ( ! safe/ m$ical proc$ures 9 !   
,unit$ ,/ates4 ,an indep5d5t1           
compreh5sive review ( ! /ate ( sci5ce on
 ! safety & quality ( abortion s]vices1 
publi%$ by ! ,national ,academies (     
,sci5ces1 ,eng9e]+1 & ,m$ic9e 9 #bjah1  
f\nd t abortion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is    
safe & effective & t ! bigge/ ?reats to 
! quality ( abortion s]vices 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates are ,/ate regulations t create   
b>ri]s to c>e4 ,su* abortion-specific   
re/rictions1 z well z broad] ,/ate bans1
 conflict ) m$ical /&>ds & are n        
support$ by ! recomm5dations & guidel9es
 issu$ by lead+ reproductive heal? c>e  
pr(essional organizations includ+ !     
,am]ican ,college ( ,ob/etricians &     
,gynecologi/s1 ! ,society ( ,family     
,plann+1 ! ,national ,abortion          
,f$]ation1 ! ,_w ,heal? ,organization1 &
 o!rs4  7#ba7 ,= ov] #bj ye>s1 m$ication
 abortion c>e has be5 available 9 !     

,unit$ ,/ates z a safe1 effective1 ,food
 & ,drug ,adm9i/ration 7,,fda7-approv$  
treatm5t to end an e>ly pregnancy4      
,today1 m$ication abortion c>e acc\nts =
 m ?an half ( all pregnancy t]m9ations 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 h[ev]1 significant    
b>ri]s to access rema9 9 place1         
p>ticul>ly 9 ,/ates t h impos$ on]\s    
re/rictions t conflict ) ,,fda's        
regulation ( m$ication abortion4        
,additionally1 oppon5ts ( abortion are  
n[ deploy+ new tactics to limit access  
to ?is ,,fda-approv$ m$ication t w\ld   
set a dang]\s prec$5t = ! ,f$]al        
regulation ( m$ication products & h     
national rep]cussions4  7#bb7 ,heal? c>e
 provid]s are subject to lic5s+ laws 9  
v>i\s jurisdictions1 :i* are n affect$  
by ?is ,act except z expressly provid$ 9
 ?is ,act4  7#bc7 ,int]national human   
rights law recognizes t access to       
abortion is intr9sically l9k$ to !      
rights to life1 heal?1 equality &       
nondiscrim9ation1 privacy1 & fre$om f   
ill treatm5t4 ,unit$ ,nations 7,,un7    

human rights treaty monitor+ bodies h   
f\nd t legal abortion s]vices1 l o!r    
reproductive heal? c>e s]vices1 mu/ be  
available1 accessible1 af=dable1        
acceptable1 & ( good quality4 ,,un human
 rights treaty bodies h condemn$        
crim9alization ( abortion & m$ically    
unnecess>y b>ri]s to abortion s]vices1  
includ+ m&atory wait+ p]iods1 bias$     
c\nsel+ requirem5ts1 & ?ird-p>ty        
au?orization requirem5ts4  7#bd7 ,core  
human rights treaties ratifi$ by !      
,unit$ ,/ates protect access to         
abortion4 ,= example1 9 #bjah1 ! ,,un   
,human ,rights ,committee1 :i* ov]sees  
implem5tation ( ! ,int]national ,cov5ant
 on ,civil & ,political ,rights         
7,,iccpr71 made cle> t ! "r to life1    
en%r9$ 9 ,article #f ( ! ,,iccpr1 at a  
m9imum requires gov]nm5ts to provide    
safe1 legal1 & effective access to      
abortion :]e a p]son's life & heal? are 
at risk1 or :5 c>ry+ a pregnancy to t]m 
w\ld o!rwise cause sub/antial pa9 or    
suff]+4 ,! ,committee /at$ t gov]nm5ts  

mu/ n impose re/rictions on abortion :i*
 subject wom5 & girls to physical or    
m5tal pa9 or suff]+1 discrim9ate aga9/  
!m1 arbitr>ily int]f]e ) _! privacy1 or 
place !m at risk ( und]tak+ unsafe      
abortions4 ,! ,committee /at$ t         
gov]nm5ts %\ld n apply crim9al sanctions
 to wom5 & girls :o und]go abortion or  
to m$ical s]vice provid]s :o assi/ !m 9 
do+ s4 ,fur!rmore1 ! ,committee /at$ t  
gov]nm5ts %\ld remove exi/+ b>ri]s t d5y
 effective access to safe & legal       
abortion1 refra9 f introduc+ new b>ri]s 
to abortion1 & prev5t ! /igmatization ( 
^? seek+ abortion4  7#be7 ,int]national 
human rights exp]ts h condemn$ ! ,dobbs 
decision & regression on abortion rights
 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates m g5]ally z a        
violation ( human rights4 ,imm$iately ^u
 release ( ! decision1 !n-,,un ,high    
,commission] = ,human ,rights ,mi*elle  
,ba*elet reit]at$ human rights          
protections = abortion & ! impact t !   
decision w h on ! fundam5tal rights (   
millions )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly 

p ) l[ incomes & p belong+ to racial &  
e?nic m9orities4 ,,un indep5d5t human   
rights exp]ts1 includ+ ! ,,un ,work+    
,gr\p on discrim9ation aga9/ wom5 &     
girls1 ! ,,un ,special ,rapporteur on ! 
"r to heal?1 & ! ,,un ,special          
,rapporteur on viol5ce aga9/ wom5 &     
girls1 simil>ly d5\nc$ ! decision4 ,at !
 conclusion ( a human rights review ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,augu/ #bjbb1 ! ,,un    
,committee on ! ,elim9ation ( ,racial   
,discrim9ation not$ deep conc]ns ) !    
,dobbs decision & recomm5d$ t ! ,unit$  
,/ates address ! disp>ate impact t x w h
 on racial & e?nic m9orities1 ,indig5\s 
wom51 & ^? ) l[ incomes4  7#bf7         
,abortion bans & re/rictions affect !   
co/ & availability ( abortion s]vices1 &
 ! sett+s 9 :i* abortion s]vices are    
deliv]$4 ,p travel across ,/ate l9es &  
o!rwise engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce to    
access ?is ess5tial m$ical c>e4         
,likewise1 heal? c>e provid]s travel    
across ,/ate l9es & o!rwise engage 9    
int]/ate comm]ce 9 ord] to provide      

abortion s]vices to pati5ts1 & m w\ld be
 =c$ to d s abs5t ?is ,act4  7#bg7      
,legal limitations & requirem5ts impos$ 
^u heal? c>e provid]s or _! pati5ts     
inv>iably affect comm]ce ov] :i* !      
,unit$ ,/ates has jurisdiction4 ,heal?  
c>e provid]s engage 9 a =m ( economic & 
comm]cial activity :5 !y provide        
abortion s]vices1 & !re is an int]/ate  
m>ket = abortion s]vices4  7#bh7        
,abortion bans & re/rictions            
sub/antially affect int]/ate comm]ce 9  
num]\s ways4 ,= example1 to provide     
abortion s]vices1 heal? c>e provid]s    
engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce to pur*ase    
m$ic9e1 m$ical equipm5t1 & o!r necess>y 
goods & s]vices4 ,to provide & assi/    
o!rs 9 provid+ abortion s]vices1 heal?  
c>e provid]s engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce  
to obta9 & provide tra9+4 ,to provide   
abortion s]vices1 heal? c>e provid]s    
employ & obta9 comm]cial s]vices f      
doctors1 nurses1 & o!r p]sonnel :o      
engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce1 includ+ by & 
travel+ across ,/ate l9es4  7#bi7       

,congress has ! au?ority to enact ?is   
,act to protect access to abortion      
s]vices pursuant to-- 7,a7 its p[]s "u !
 comm]ce clause ( section #h ( article  
,i ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  
7,b7 its p[]s "u section #e ( ! ,f\rte5?
 ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates to en=ce ! provisions ( section  
#a ( ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t2 &  7,c7 its   
p[]s "u ! necess>y & prop] clause (     
section #h ( article ,i ( ! ,con/itution
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#cj7 ,congress has
 us$ its au?ority 9 ! pa/ to protect    
access to abortion s]vices & heal? c>e  
provid]s' ability to provide abortion   
s]vices4 ,9 ! e>ly #aiijs1 prote/s &    
blockades at heal? c>e facilities :]e   
abortion s]vices 7 provid$1 & associat$ 
viol5ce1 increas$ dramatically & rea*$  
crisis level1 requir+ congressional     
action4 ,congress pass$ ! ,fre$om (     
,access to ,cl9ic ,entrances ,act       
7,public ,law #ajc-bei2 #ajh ,/at4 #fid7
 to address t situation & protect       
physical access to abortion s]vices4    

7#ca7 ,congressional action is necess>y 
to put an end to h>mful re/rictions1 to 
protect access to abortion s]vices =    
ev]yone reg>dless ( :]e !y live1 to     
protect ! ability ( heal? c>e provid]s  
to provide ^! s]vices 9 a safe &        
accessible mann]1 & to elim9ate         
unw>rant$ burd5s on comm]ce & ! "r to   
travel4  #c4 ,purpose ,! purposes ( ?is 
,act are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,to p]mit p to  
seek & obta9 abortion s]vices1 & to     
p]mit heal? c>e provid]s to provide     
abortion s]vices1 )\t h>mful or         
unw>rant$ limitations or requirem5ts t  
s+le out ! provision ( abortion s]vices 
= re/rictions t are m burd5some ?an ^?  
re/rictions impos$ on m$ically comp>able
 proc$ures1 d n significantly advance   
reproductive heal? or ! safety (        
abortion s]vices1 or make abortion      
s]vices m difficult to access4  7#b7 ,to
 promote access to abortion s]vices &   
!reby protect wom5's ability to         
p>ticipate equally 9 ! economic & social
 life ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#c7 ,to      

protect p's ability to make decisions   
ab\t _! bodies1 m$ical c>e1 family1 &   
life's c\rse4  7#d7 ,to elim9ate        
unw>rant$ burd5s on comm]ce & ! "r to   
travel4 ,abortion bans & re/rictions    
inv>iably affect comm]ce ov] :i* !      
,unit$ ,/ates has jurisdiction4 ,heal?  
c>e provid]s engage 9 economic &        
comm]cial activity :5 !y provide        
abortion s]vices4 ,moreov]1 !re is an   
int]/ate m>ket = abortion s]vices &1 9  
ord] to provide su* s]vices1 heal? c>e  
provid]s engage 9 int]/ate comm]ce to   
pur*ase m$ic9e1 m$ical equipm5t1 & o!r  
necess>y goods & s]vices2 to obta9 &    
provide tra9+2 & to employ & obta9      
comm]cial s]vices f heal? c>e p]sonnel1 
_m ( :om !mselves engage 9 int]/ate     
comm]ce1 includ+ by travel+ across ,/ate
 l9es4 ,congress has ! au?ority to enact
 ?is ,act to protect access to abortion 
s]vices pursuant to-- 7,a7 its p[]s "u !
 comm]ce clause ( section #h ( article  
,i ( ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2  
7,b7 its p[]s "u section #e ( ! ,f\rte5?

 ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$  
,/ates to en=ce ! provisions ( section  
#a ( ! ,f\rte5? ,am5dm5t2 &  7,c7 its   
p[]s "u ! necess>y & prop] clause (     
section #h ( article ,i ( ! ,con/itution
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #d4 ,def9itions ,9 
?is ,act3 7#a7 ,abortion s]vices ,! t]m 
abortion s]vices means an abortion & any
 m$ical or non-m$ical s]vices relat$ to 
& provid$ 9 conjunction ) an abortion   
7:e!r or n provid$ at ! same "t or on ! 
same day z ! abortion74  7#b7 ,gov]nm5t 
,! t]m gov]nm5t includes ea* bran*1     
dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 in/rum5tality1 &       
(ficial ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates or a ,/ate4   
7#c7 ,heal? c>e provid] ,! t]m heal? c>e
 provid] means any entity 7includ+ any  
hospital1 cl9ic1 or ph>macy7 or         
individual 7includ+ any physician1      
c]tifi$ nurse-midwife1 nurse            
practition]1 ph>maci/1 or physician     
assi/ant7 t-- 7,a7 is engag$ or seeks to
 engage 9 ! deliv]y ( heal? c>e s]vices1
 includ+ abortion s]vices2 &  7,b7 if   
requir$ by law or regulation to be      

lic5s$ or c]tifi$ to engage 9 ! deliv]y 
( su* s]vices-- 7i7 is s lic5s$ or      
c]tifi$2 or  7ii7 w\ld be s lic5s$ or   
c]tifi$ b = _! pa/1 pres5t1 or pot5tial 
provision ( abortion s]vices protect$ by
 section #d4  7#d7 ,m$ically comp>able  
proc$ures ,! t]m m$ically comp>able     
proc$ures means m$ical proc$ures t are  
simil> 9 t]ms ( heal? & safety risks to 
! pati5t1 complexity1 or ! cl9ical sett+
 t is indicat$4  7#e7 ,pregnancy ,! t]m 
pregnancy ref]s to ! p]iod ( ! human    
reproductive process beg9n+ ) !         
implantation ( a f]tiliz$ egg4  7#f7    
,/ate ,! t]m ,/ate includes ! ,di/rict (
 ,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to     
,rico1 & ea* t]ritory & possession ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 & any subdivision ( any (
 ! =ego+1 includ+ any unit ( local      
gov]nm5t1 su* z a c\nty1 city1 t[n1     
village1 or o!r g5]al purpose political 
subdivision ( a ,/ate4  7#g7 ,viability 
,! t]m viability means ! po9t 9 a       
pregnancy at :i*1 9 ! good-fai? m$ical  
judgm5t ( ! treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 & 

bas$ on ! p>ticul> facts ( ! case be=e !
 heal? c>e provid]1 !re is a reasonable 
likelihood ( su/a9$ fetal survival      
outside ! ut]us ) or )\t artificial     
support4  #e4 ,protect$ activities &    
s]vices  7a7 ,g5]al rules  7#a7         
,pre-viability ,a heal? c>e provid] has 
a "r "u ?is ,act to provide abortion    
s]vices1 & a pati5t has a correspond+ "r
 "u ?is ,act to t]m9ate a pregnancy     
prior to viability )\t be+ subject to   
any ( ! foll[+ limitations or           
requirem5ts3 7,a7 ,a prohibition on     
abortion prior to viability1 includ+ a  
prohibition or re/riction on a p>ticul> 
abortion proc$ure or me?od1 or a        
prohibition on provid+ or obta9+ su*    
abortions4  7,b7 ,a limitation on a     
heal? c>e provid]'s ability to prescribe
 or disp5se drugs t c\ld be us$ =       
reproductive heal? purposes bas$ on     
curr5t evid5ce-bas$ regim5s or !        
provid]'s good-fai? m$ical judgm5t1 or a
 limitation on a pati5t's ability to    
receive or use su* drugs1 o!r ?an a     

limitation g5]ally applicable to !      
prescription1 disp5s+1 or di/ribution ( 
drugs4  7,c7 ,a limitation on a heal?   
c>e provid]'s ability to provide1 or a  
pati5t's ability to receive1 abortion   
s]vices via telem$ic9e1 o!r ?an a       
limitation g5]ally applicable to !      
provision ( m$ically comp>able s]vices  
via telem$ic9e4  7,d7 ,a limitation or  
prohibition on a pati5t's ability to    
receive1 or a provid]'s ability to      
provide1 abortion s]vices 9 a ,/ate bas$
 on ! ,/ate ( resid5cy ( ! pati5t1 or a 
prohibition or limitation on ! ability (
 any individual to assi/ or support a   
pati5t seek+ abortion4  7,e7 ,a         
requirem5t t a heal? c>e provid] p]=m   
specific te/s or m$ical proc$ures 9     
connection ) ! provision ( abortion     
s]vices 7includ+ prior to or subsequ5t  
to ! abortion71 unless g5]ally requir$ =
 ! provision ( m$ically comp>able       
proc$ures4  7,f7 ,a requirem5t t a heal?
 c>e provid] (f] or provide a pati5t    
seek+ abortion s]vices m$ically         

inaccurate in=mation4  7,g7 ,a          
limitation or requirem5t conc]n+ !      
physical plant1 equipm5t1 /aff+1 or     
hospital transf] arrangem5ts (          
facilities :]e abortion s]vices are     
provid$1 or ! cr$5tials or hospital     
privileges or /atus ( p]sonnel at su*   
facilities1 t is n impos$ on facilities 
or ! p]sonnel ( facilities :]e m$ically 
comp>able proc$ures are p]=m$4  7,h7 ,a 
requirem5t t1 prior to obta9+ an        
abortion1 a pati5t make "o or m m$ically
 unnecess>y 9-p]son visits to ! provid] 
( abortion s]vices or to any individual 
or entity t does n provide abortion     
s]vices4  7,i7 ,a limitation on a heal? 
c>e provid]'s ability to provide        
imm$iate abortion s]vices :5 t heal? c>e
 provid] believes1 bas$ on ! good-fai?  
m$ical judgm5t ( ! provid]1 t delay w\ld
 pose a risk to ! pati5t's life or      
heal?4  7,j7 ,a requirem5t t a pati5t   
seek+ abortion s]vices at any po9t or   
po9ts 9 "t prior to viability disclose !
 pati5t's reason or reasons = seek+     

abortion s]vices1 or a limitation on    
provid+ or obta9+ abortion s]vices at   
any po9t or po9ts 9 "t prior to         
viability bas$ on any actual1 p]ceiv$1  
or pot5tial reason or reasons ( ! pati5t
 = obta9+ abortion s]vices1 reg>dless ( 
:e!r ! limitation is bas$ on a heal? c>e
 provid]'s actual or con/ructive k ( su*
 reason or reasons4  7#b7 ,po/-viability
  7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,a heal? c>e provid] has
 a "r "u ?is ,act to provide abortion   
s]vices & a pati5t has a correspond+ "r 
"u ?is ,act to t]m9ate a pregnancy aft] 
viability :51 9 ! good-fai? m$ical      
judgem5t ( ! treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 x
 is necess>y to protect ! life or heal? 
( ! pati5t4 ,?is subp>agraph %all n     
o!rwise apply aft] viability4  7,b7     
,additional circum/ances ,a ,/ate may   
provide additional circum/ances "u :i*  
po/ viability abortions are p]mitt$ "u  
?is p>agraph4  7,c7 ,limitation ,9 !    
case :]e a t]m9ation ( a pregnancy aft] 
viability1 9 ! good-fai? m$ical judgem5t
 ( ! treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 is       

necess>y to protect ! life or heal? ( ! 
pati5t1 a ,/ate %all n impose any ( !   
limitations or requirem5ts describ$ 9   
p>agraph 7#a74  7b7 ,o!r limitations or 
requirem5ts ,! rights describ$ 9        
subsection 7a7 %all n be limit$ or      
o!rwise infr+$ ?r\gh any o!r limitation 
or requirem5t t-- 7#a7 expressly1       
effectively1 implicitly1 or z implem5t$1
 s+les out abortion1 ! provision (      
abortion s]vices1 individuals :o seek   
abortion s]vices or :o provide assi/ance
 & support to ^? seek+ abortion s]vices1
 heal? c>e provid]s :o provide abortion 
s]vices1 or facilities 9 :i* abortion   
s]vices are provid$2 &  7#b7 imp$es     
access to abortion s]vices4  7c7        
,factors = consid]ation ,a c\rt may     
consid] ! foll[+ factors1 among o!rs1 9 
det]m9+ :e!r a limitation or requirem5t 
imp$es access to abortion s]vices =     
purposes ( subsection 7b77#b73 7#a7     
,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t1 9 a   
provid]'s good-fai? m$ical judgm5t1     
int]f]es ) a heal? c>e provid]'s ability

 to provide c>e & r5d] s]vices1 or poses
 a risk to ! pati5t's heal? or safety4  
7#b7 ,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t is
 reasonably likely to delay or det] a   
pati5t 9 access+ abortion s]vices4  7#c7
 ,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t is    
reasonably likely to directly or        
indirectly increase ! co/ ( provid+     
abortion s]vices or ! co/ = obta9+      
abortion s]vices su* z co/s associat$ ) 
travel1 *ildc>e1 or "t (f "w4  7#d7     
,:e!r ! limitation or requirem5t is     
reasonably likely to h ! effect (       
necessitat+ pati5t travel t w\ld n      
o!rwise h be5 requir$1 includ+ by mak+ x
 necess>y = a pati5t to travel out (    
,/ate to obta9 s]vices4  7#e7 ,:e!r !   
limitation or requirem5t is reasonably  
likely to result 9 a decrease 9 !       
availability ( abortion s]vices 9 a giv5
 ,/ate or geographic region4  7#f7 ,:e!r
 ! limitation or requirem5t imposes     
p5alties t are n impos$ on o!r heal? c>e
 provid]s = comp>able conduct or failure
 to act1 or t are m sev]e ?an p5alties  

impos$ on o!r heal? c>e provid]s =      
comp>able conduct or failure to act4    
7#g7 ,! cumulative impact ( ! limitation
 or requirem5t comb9$ ) o!r limitations 
or requirem5ts4  7d7 ,exception ,to     
def5d aga9/ a claim t a limitation or   
requirem5t violates a heal? c>e         
provid]'s or pati5t's rights "u         
subsection 7b7 a p>ty mu/ e/abli%1 by   
cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce1 t ! limitation  
or requirem5t is ess5tial to            
significantly advance ! safety (        
abortion s]vices or ! heal? ( pati5ts & 
t ! safety or heal? objective _c be     
accompli%$ by a diff]5t means t does n  
int]f]e ) ! "r protect$ "u subsection   
7b74  #f4 ,protection ( ! "r to travel  
,a p]son has a fundam5tal "r "u !       
,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ?is    
,act to travel to a ,/ate o!r ?an !     
p]son's ,/ate ( resid5ce1 includ+ to    
obta9 reproductive heal? s]vices su* z  
pr5atal1 *ildbir?1 f]tility1 & abortion 
s]vices1 & a p]son has a "r "u ?is ,act 
to assi/ ano!r p]son to obta9 su*       

s]vices or o!rwise ex]cise ! "r describ$
 9 ?is section4  #g4 ,applicability &   
preemption  7a7 ,9 g5]al  7#a7 ,sup]s$+ 
inconsi/5t laws ,except z provid$ "u    
subsection 7b71 ?is ,act %all sup]s$e   
any inconsi/5t ,f$]al or ,/ate law1 & ! 
implem5tation ( su* law1 :e!r /atutory1 
common law1 or o!rwise1 & :e!r adopt$   
prior to or aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is
 ,act4 ,a ,f$]al or ,/ate gov]nm5t      
(ficial %all n adm9i/]1 implem5t1 or    
en=ce any law1 rule1 regulation1 /&>d1  
or o!r provision hav+ ! =ce & effect (  
law t conflicts ) any provision ( ?is   
,act1 not)/&+ any o!r provision ( ,f$]al
 law1 includ+ ! ,religi\s ,fre$om       
,re/oration ,act ( #aiic 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 
#bjjj;bb et seq474  7#b7 ,laws aft] date
 ( enactm5t ,f$]al law enact$ aft] !    
date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act %all be    
subject to ?is ,act unless su* law      
explicitly excludes su* application by  
ref]5ce to ?is ,act4  7b7 ,limitations  
,! provisions ( ?is ,act %all n sup]s$e 
or apply to-- 7#a7 laws regulat+        

physical access to cl9ic entrances2     
7#b7 laws regulat+ insurance or m$ical  
assi/ance cov]age ( abortion s]vices2   
7#c7 ! proc$ure describ$ 9 section      
#aeca7;b77#a7 ( title #ah1 ,unit$ ,/ates
 ,code2 or  7#d7 g5]ally applicable     
,/ate contract law4  7c7 ,preemption    
def5se ,9 any legal or adm9i/rative     
action aga9/ a p]son or entity :o has   
ex]cis$ or attempt$ to ex]cise a "r     
protect$ by section #d or section #e or 
aga9/ any p]son or entity :o has tak5   
any /ep to assi/ any su* p]son or entity
 9 ex]cis+ su* "r1 ?is ,act %all also   
apply to1 & may be rais$ z a def5se by1 
su* p]son or entity1 9 addition to !    
rem$ies specifi$ 9 section #h4  #h4     
,rules ( con/ruction  7a7 ,lib]al       
con/ruction by c\rts ,9 any action be=e 
a c\rt "u ?is ,act1 ! c\rt %all lib]ally
 con/rue ! provisions ( ?is ,act to     
effectuate ! purposes ( ! ,act4  7b7    
,protection ( life & heal? ,no?+ 9 ?is  
,act %all be con/ru$ to au?orize any    
gov]nm5t (ficial to int]f]e )1 dim9i%1  

or negatively affect a p]son's ability  
to obta9 or provide abortion s]vices    
prior to viability1 or aft] viability   
:51 9 ! good-fai? m$ical judgm5t ( !    
treat+ heal? c>e provid]1 cont9uation ( 
! pregnancy w\ld pose a risk to !       
pregnant pati5t's life or heal?4  7c7   
,gov]nm5t (ficials ,any p]son :o1 by    
op]ation ( a provision ( ,f$]al or ,/ate
 law1 is p]mitt$ to implem5t or en=ce a 
limitation or requirem5t t violates     
section #d or #e %all be consid]$ a     
gov]nm5t (ficial = purposes ( ?is ,act4 
#i4 ,en=cem5t  7a7 ,attorney g5]al ,!   
,attorney ,g5]al may comm5ce a civil    
action on behalf ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 any
 di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates aga9/   
any ,/ate t violates1 or aga9/ any      
gov]nm5t (ficial 7includ+ a p]son       
describ$ 9 section #g7;c77 :o implem5ts 
or en=ces a limitation or requirem5t t  
violates1 section #d or #e4 ,! c\rt %all
 decl>e unlawful ! limitation or        
requirem5t if x is det]m9$ to be 9      
violation ( ?is ,act4  7b7 ,private "r (

 action  7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,any individual  
or entity adv]sely affect$ by an alleg$ 
violation ( ?is ,act1 includ+ any p]son 
or heal? c>e provid]1 may comm5ce a     
civil action aga9/ any gov]nm5t (ficial 
7includ+ a p]son describ$ 9 section     
#g7;c77 t implem5ts or en=ces a         
limitation or requirem5t t violates1    
section #d or #e4 ,! c\rt %all decl>e   
unlawful ! limitation or requirem5t if x
 is det]m9$ to be 9 violation ( ?is     
,act4  7#b7 ,heal? c>e provid] ,a heal? 
c>e provid] may comm5ce an action =     
relief on its own behalf1 on behalf ( ! 
provid]'s /aff1 & on behalf ( !         
provid]'s pati5ts :o are or may be      
adv]sely affect$ by an alleg$ violation 
( ?is ,act4  7c7 ,pre-,en=cem5t *all5ges
 ,a suit "u subsection 7a7 or 7b7 may be
 br\ght to prev5t en=cem5t or           
implem5tation by any gov]nm5t ( a ,/ate 
limitation or requirem5t t is inconsi/5t
 ) section #d or #e4  7d7 ,decl>atory & 
equitable relief ,9 any action "u ?is   
section1 ! c\rt may aw>d appropriate    

decl>atory & equitable relief1 includ+  
tempor>y1 prelim9>y1 or p]man5t         
injunctive relief4  7e7 ,co/s ,9 any    
action "u ?is section1 ! c\rt %all aw>d 
co/s ( litigation1 z well z reasonable  
attorney's fees1 to any prevail+        
pla9tiff4 ,a pla9tiff %all n be liable  
to a def5dant = co/s or attorney's fees 
9 any non-frivol\s action "u ?is        
section4  7f7 ,jurisdiction ,! di/rict  
c\rts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h          
jurisdiction ov] proce$+s "u ?is ,act & 
%all ex]cise ! same )\t reg>d to :e!r ! 
p>ty aggriev$ %all h exhau/$ any        
adm9i/rative or o!r rem$ies t may be    
provid$ = by law4  7g7 ,abrogation (    
/ate immunity ,nei!r a ,/ate t en=ces or
 ma9ta9s1 nor a gov]nm5t (ficial        
7includ+ a p]son describ$ 9 section     
#g7;c77 :o is p]mitt$ to implem5t or    
en=ce any limitation or requirem5t t    
violates section #d or #e %all be immune
 "u ! ,t5? ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,elev5? ,am5dm5t to !
 ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any 

o!r s\rce ( law1 f an action 9 a ,f$]al 
or ,/ate c\rt ( compet5t jurisdiction   
*all5g+ t limitation or requirem5t1     
unless su* immunity is requir$ by cle>ly
 e/abli%$ ,f$]al law1 z det]m9$ by !    
,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #aj4 
,effective date ,?is ,act %all take     
effect ^u ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 
#aa4 ,sev]ability ,if any provision (   
?is ,act1 or ! application ( su*        
provision to any p]son1 entity1         
gov]nm5t1 or circum/ance1 is held to be 
uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act1  
or ! application ( su* provision to all 
o!r p]sons1 entities1 gov]nm5ts1 or     
circum/ances1 %all n be affect$ !reby4