,i  #aah? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,h4
 ,r4 #ajjdi  ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,(         
,,repres5tatives  ,octob] #be1 #bjbd,ms4
 ,malliotakis introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2  
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,natural
 ,res\rces  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d !       
,african ,elephant ,cons]vation ,act &  
,asian ,elephant ,cons]vation ,act to   
ban keep+ elephants 9 captivity at      
zoological p>ks4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is  
,act may be cit$ z ! ,captivity (       
,helpless ,elephants ,r$uction ,act (   
#bjbd or ! ,,*] ,act ( #bjbd4  #b4      
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7    
,elephants live 9 a matri>*al hi]>*y :]e
 a lead female leads a l>ge h]d 9 ! wild
 & migrates1 travel+ hundr$s ( miles e  
ye>4 ,african & ,asian elephants h be5  
demon/rat$ to possess1 among/ o!r ?+s1  
int5tional communication1 & le>n+1      
memory1 & categorization abilities4 ,an 
,emory ,univ]sity exp]im5t %[$ t a      
female elephant seem$ to recognize      
h]self 9 a mirror1 a result attribut$ to
 self-aw>5ess only se5 o!rwise 9 humans1

 dolph9s1 & *impanzees4  7#b7 ,captivity
 does n provide = ! ne$s ( normal       
elephant behavior & reproduction4 ,z a  
result1 captive elephants suff] bo?     
physical & emotional trauma includ+     
h]nias1 ar?ritis1 m5tal degradation1 &  
high calf mortality4 ,! av]age lifespan 
( a captive elephant is #ag ye>s2 9 !   
wild1 elephants c live = #ej ye>s or m4 
7#c7 ,x is e/imat$ t ! co/ ( c>+ = an   
elephant 9 captivity c be up to #ajj1jjj
 p] ye>4 ,9 #bjjd1 ! ,detroit ,zoo      
became ! fir/ major ,am]ican zoo to %ut 
d[n its elephant exhibit on e?ical      
gr\nds4 ,9 #bjjf1 ! ,bronx ,zoo ann\nc$ 
t x w\ld close its exhibit once its ?ree
 elephants di$4 ,s9ce ! e>ly #aiijs1 m  
?an #bb zoos _h %ut d[n _! elephant     
exhibits or ann\nc$ t !y 7 phas+ !m out1
 includ+ ^? 9 ,seattle1 ,san ,francisco1
 & ,*icago4  7#d7 ,! ,unit$ ,k+dom phas$
 out all circuses featur+ wild animal   
p]=mances by #bjbj & ann\nc$ its        
int5tion to ban ! captivity ( elephants 
9 zoos & saf>i p>ks4 ,doz5s ( o!r       

c\ntries ar\nd ! _w h simil>            
prohibitions1 includ+ ,au/ria1 ,greece1 
,israel1 ,mexico1 ,p]u1 & ,s+apore4     
,india bans ! keep+ ( elephants 9       
circuses & zoos4  #c4 ,purposes ,!      
purposes ( ?is ,act are ! foll[+3 7#a7  
,to ban ! display1 husb&ry1 & bre$+ (   
,african elephants 9 zoological p>ks 9 !
 ,unit$ ,/ates & transf] exi/+ ,african 
elephants 9 su* p>ks to au?oriz$        
sanctu>ies4  7#b7 ,to ban ! display1    
husb&ry1 & bre$+ ( ,asian elephants 9   
zoological p>ks 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates &     
transf] exi/+ ,asian elephants 9 su*    
p>ks to au?oriz$ sanctu>ies4  #d4       
,increas+ viability ( species           
cons]vation ?r\gh relocation  7a7       
,section #dbbc ( ! ,african ,elephant   
,cons]vation ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4        
#dbja-dbdf7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+3  7#f7 to h\se &_/or manage      
,african elephants 9 zoological & saf>i 
p>ks4 ,all ,african elephants resid+ 9  
zoological & saf>i p>ks be=e ! enactm5t 
( ?is am5dm5t %all be transf]r$ to      

au?oriz$ wildlife sanctu>ies4  4  7b7   
,section #dbfb ( ! ,asian ,elephant     
,cons]vation ,act 7#af ,u4,s4,c4        
#dbfa-dbff7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! 
foll[+3  7#d7 ,to assi/ 9 ! cons]vation 
( ,asian elephants by prohibit+         
zoological & saf>i p>ks f h\s+ & manag+ 
,asian elephants & transf]r+ any        
rh9oc]os species resid+ 9 zoological &  
saf>i p>ks be=e ! enactm5t ( ?is am5dm5t
 to au?oriz$ wildlife sanctu>ies4  4