,,iii  #aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  
,s4 ,,res4 #gda  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!
 ,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,augu/ #c1 #bjbb,mr4  
,m>%all submitt$ ! foll[+ resolution2   
:i* 0 ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !       
,judici>y  ,,resolution  ,to express !  
s5se ( ! ,s5ate reg>d+ ! con/itutional  
"r ( ,/ate ,gov]nors to repel ! dang]\s 
ongo+ invasion across ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
s\!rn bord]4  ,:]eas1 dur+ a #bjai      
,democratic presid5tial prim>y debate1  
,presid5t ,bid5 call$ = all ^? p seek+  
asylum to imm$iately surge to ! bord]2  
,:]eas1 dur+ a #bjai ,democratic        
presid5tial prim>y debate1 ,presid5t    
,bid5 rais$ 8 h& :5 c&idates 7 ask$ if  
_! heal? plans w provide cov]age =      
illegal immigrants2 ,:]eas1 dur+ a #bjbj
 ,democratic presid5tial prim>y debate1 
,presid5t ,bid5 pl$g$ support = sanctu>y
 cities :5 he /at$ t illegal immigrants 
arre/$ by local police %\ld n be turn$  
ov] to ,f$]al immigration au?orities2   
,:]eas1 on ,janu>y #bj1 #bjba1 "o (     
,presid5t ,bid5's fir/ actions z        

,presid5t 0 s5d+ propos$ legislation1 ! 
,u4,s4 ,citiz5%ip ,act1 to ,congress1   
:i* w\ld provide a pa? to citiz5%ip = an
 e/imat$ #aj1jjj1jjj to #ab1jjj1jjj     
illegal immigrants :o are curr5tly      
resid+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ,:]eas1 on    
,janu>y #bj1 #bjba1 ,presid5t ,bid5 also
 issu$ a ,proclamation on ! ,t]m9ation  
,( ,em]g5cy ,) ,respect ,to ,! ,s\!rn   
,bord] ,( ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,&           
,r$irection ,( ,funds ,div]t$ ,to ,bord]
 ,wall ,con/ruction1 :i* halt$          
con/ruction ( physical b>ri]s along !   
int]national bord] betwe5 ! ,unit$      
,/ates & ,mexico1 & he lat] t]m9at$     
exi/+ bord] wall con/ruction contracts &
 fail$ to obligate m ?an #a1jjj1jjj1jjj 
t ,congress _h lawfully appropriat$ =   
bord] wall con/ruction2 ,:]eas1 on      
,janu>y #bj1 #bjba1 ,presid5t ,bid5 also
 halt$ enrollm5ts 9 ! ,migrant          
,protection ,protocols policy1 :i* is   
also kn[n z ! rema9 9 ,mexico program2  
,:]eas on ,febru>y #f1 #bjba1 ,u4,s4    
,secret>y ( ,/ate ,antony ,bl9k5 susp5d$

 & t]m9at$ ! ,asylum ,coop]ative        
,agreem5ts ) ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,el         
,salvador1 ( ,guatemala1 & ( ,honduras2 
,:]eas 9 ,m>* #bjbb1 ! ,dep>tm5t (      
,homel& ,security began implem5t+ !     
int]im f9al rule titl$ ,proc$ures =     
,cr$ible ,fe> ,scre5+ & ,consid]ation ( 
,asylum1 ,)hold+ ( ,removal1 & ,,cat    
,protection ,claims by ,asylum ,(fic]s  
:i* au?orizes ,u4,s4 ,citiz5%ip &       
,immigration ,s]vices to consid] !      
asylum applications ( individuals       
subject to exp$it$ removal & violates ! 
law enact$ by ,congress t requires      
asylum seek]s to (f] evid5ce to p]suade 
a judge 9 an immigration c\rt2 ,:]eas1  
dur+ fiscal ye> #bjba1 ,u4,s4           
,immigration & ,cu/oms ,en=cem5t execut$
 #ei1jjj deportations1 :i* repres5ts !  
l[e/ numb] ( deportations s9ce fiscal   
ye> #bjjh1 & few] ?an #a_/c z _m        
deportations z ! numb] ( p :o 7 deport$ 
dur+ fiscal ye> #bjbj1 & is             
significantly l[] ?an ! #bbf1jjj to     
#daj1jjj removals t occurr$ e fiscal ye>

 s9ce #bjjh2 ,:]eas1 dur+ fiscal ye>    
#bjba1 ,u4,s4 ,immigration & ,cu/oms    
,en=cem5t-- 7#a7 arre/$ #dh p]c5t few]  
convict$ crim9als ?an _h be5 arre/$ dur+
 ! prior fiscal ye>2  7#b7 deport$ #fc  
p]c5t few] crim9als ?an _h be5 deport$ 9
 ! prior fiscal ye>2 &  7#c7 issu$ #ef  
p]c5t few] deta9] reque/s to local      
au?orities ?an _h be5 issu$ 9 ! prior   
fiscal ye>2 ,:]eas1 dur+ fiscal ye>     
#bjba1 ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms & ,bord]          
,protection made m ?an #a1gjj1jjj arre/s
 ( illegal immigrants along !           
int]national bord] betwe5 ! ,unit$      
,/ates & ,mexico1 :i* is ! highe/ level 
ev] record$1 & is on pace to arre/ m ?an
 #b1jjj1jjj illegal immigrants along su*
 bord] dur+ fiscal ye> #bjbb2 ,:]eas1 on
 ,april #a1 #bjbb1 ,presid5t ,bid5      
ann\nc$ ! t]m9ation ( a public heal?    
policy us$ to expel pot5tially infect$  
illegal immigrants dur+ ! ,,covid-#ai   
p&emic 7commonly kn[n z title #db72     
,:]eas1 on ,septemb] #cj1 #bjba1        
,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& ,security ,secret>y 

,alej&ro ,mayorkas issu$ a memor&um     
titl$ ,guidel9es = ! ,en=cem5t ( ,civil 
,immigration ,law1 :i* /at$ t an ali5's 
illegal /atus 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %\ld n  
be ! sole basis ( an en=cem5t action &  
prioritiz$ = appreh5sion & removal ali5s
 :o are a ?reat to national security1   
public safety1 or bord] security2       
,:]eas1 on ,octob] #ab1 #bjba1 ,secret>y
 ,mayorkas issu$ a memor&um titl$       
,worksite ,en=cem5t3 ,! ,/rategy to     
,protect ! ,am]ican ,labor ,m>ket1 !    
,conditions ( ! ,am]ican ,worksite1 & ! 
,dignity ( ! ,individual1 :i* includ$   
,dep>tm5t-wide guidance to cease mass   
worksite op]ations1 among o!r           
in/ructions2 ,:]eas1 on ,octob] #bg1    
#bjba1 ,secret>y ,mayorkas issu$ a      
memor&um titl$ ,guidel9es = ,en=cem5t   
,actions 9 or ,ne> ,protect$ ,areas1 :i*
 li/$ num]\s protect$ areas :]e !       
en=cem5t ( ,f$]al immigration law %\ld n
 occur2 ,:]eas1 9 ,may #bjbb1 ,u4,s4    
,cu/oms & ,bord] ,protection arre/$     
#bci1daf illegal immigrants along !     

int]national bord] betwe5 ! ,unit$      
,/ates & ,mexico1 :i* is ! highe/ numb] 
( arre/s ev] record$ 9 a s+le mon?2     
,:]eas ,presid5t ,bid5's fiscal ye>     
#bjbc budget reque/ aims to %ift !      
,dep>tm5t ( ,homel& ,security's bord]   
managem5t away f en=cem5t & t[>d        
effectively manag+ irregul> migration   
along ! ,s\?we/ bord]2 ,:]eas ,u4,s4    
,cu/oms & ,bord] ,protection has        
appreh5d$ illegal immigrants f ,mexico1 
,guatemala1 ,el ,salvador1 ,nic>agua1   
,cuba1 ,haiti1 ,brazil1 o!r ,c5tral &   
,lat9 ,am]ican nations1 ,turkey1 ,india1
 ,russia1 & o!r nations outside ( !     
,we/]n ,hemisph]e2 ,:]eas ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms
 & ,bord] ,patrol has appreh5d$ #ej p   
s9ce ,octob] #a1 #bjba along !          
int]national bord] betwe5 ! ,unit$      
,/ates & ,mexico :o are li/$ on ! ,f$]al
 ,bureau ( ,inve/igations' t]rori/      
scre5+ database2 ,:]eas1 ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms 
& ,bord] ,protection arre/$ m ?an #g1jjj
 illegal ali5s 9 fiscal ye> #bjbb :o h  
be5 convict$ ( #a or m crimes 9 ! ,unit$

 ,/ates or abroad1 includ+-- 7#a7 #bai  
convict$ sexual crim9als2  7#b7 #de :o 7
 convict$ ( homicide or manslaught]2    
7#c7 #aie :o 7 convict$ ( illegal       
weapons possession1 transport1 or       
traffick+2  7#d7 #efa :o 7 convict$ (   
burgl>y1 robb]y1 l>c5y1 !ft1 or fraud2 &
  7#e7 #gaa :o 7 convict$ ( assault1    
batt]y1 or dome/ic viol5ce2 ,:]eas1 dur+
 fiscal ye> #bjba1 ,u4,s4 ,cu/oms &     
,bord] ,protection seiz$-- 7#a7 #aa1bjc 
p\nds ( f5tanyl2  7#b7 #e1djj p\nds (   
h]o92  7#c7 #aia1 #hbd p\nds (          
me?amphetam9e2  7#d7 #ig1fch p\nds (    
coca9e2 &  7#e7 #aj1hdh p\nds ( ketam9e2
 ,:]eas1 provisional data f ! ,national 
,c5t] = ,heal? ,/ati/ics ( ! ,c5t]s =   
,disease ,control & ,prev5tion e/imates 
t !re 7 #ajg1fbb drug ov]dose dea?s 9 ! 
,unit$ ,/ates dur+ #bjba1 an increase ( 
ne>ly #ae p]c5t f ! e/imat$ #ic1fee     
dea?s 9 #bjbj1 ) ov]dose dea?s involv+  
opioids increas+ f an e/imat$ #gj1jbi 9 
#bjbj to an e/imat$ #hj1haf 9 #bjba1 &  
ov]dose dea?s f syn!tic opioids         

7prim>ily f5tanyl71 psy*o/imulants 7su* 
z me?amphetam9e71 & coca9e also increas+
 dur+ #bjba4 ,:]eas clause #a ( section 
#aj ( article ,i ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates      
,con/itution /ates1 9 "p1 ,no ,/ate     
%all1 )\t ! ,cons5t ( ,congress '''     
engage 9 ,w>1 unless actually invad$1 or
 9 su* imm95t ,dang] z w n admit (      
delay42 ,:]eas section #d ( article ,,iv
 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution /ates1 9
 "p1 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates %all gu>antee to e
 ,/ate 9 ?is ,union a ,republican ,=m ( 
,gov]nm5t1 & %all protect ea* ( !m aga9/
 ,invasion2 ,:]eas1 9 ! context ( kn[n  
security conc]ns due to a lack ( prop]  
vett+ processes & sy/ems1 & 9           
conjunction ) h[ ! mass unlawful movem5t
 ( p across ! bord] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates   
directly emp[]s & enri*es c>tels &      
transnational gangs1 ! totality ( su*   
activity con/itutes an invasion2 ,:]eas1
 on ,octob] #bf1 #bjba1 ,arizona ,/ate  
,repres5tative ,jake ,h(fman s5t a lett]
 to ,arizona ,attorney ,g5]al ,m>k      
,brnovi* reque/+ a =mal legal op9ion    

det]m9+ :e!r ,presid5t ,bid5 has violat$
 8 obligations to protect ,arizona f    
invasion "u section #d ( article ,,iv ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,con/itution2 & ,:]eas1 
on ,febru>y #g1 #bjbb1 ,arizona         
,attorney ,g5]al ,m>k ,brnovi* issu$ a  
=mal legal op9ion1 :i* /ates1 9 "p--    
7#a7 ,! on-!-gr\nd viol5ce & lawlessness
 at ,arizona's bord] caus$ by c>tels &  
gangs is ext5sive1 well-docum5t$1 &     
p]si/5t4 ,x c satisfy ! def9ition (     
#8actually invad$' & #8invasion' "u !   
,u4,s4 ,con/itution42 &  7#b7 ,arizona  
reta9s ! indep5d5t au?ority "u ! ,/ate  
,self-,def5se ,clause to def5d itself :5
 actually invad$43 ,n[1 !re=e1 be x  ,t 
! ,s5ate f9ds t-- 7#a7 ,presid5t ,bid5's
 d]eliction ( duty & failure to take c>e
 t ! laws be fai?fully execut$ at our   
s\!rn bord] has directly put ! citiz5s (
 all #ej ,/ates 9 dang] & has result$ 9 
loss ( life2  7#b7 ! viol5t activity &  
smuggl+ ( drugs1 humans1 guns1 & o!r    
illicit goods c>ri$ out by drug c>tels &
 transnational crim9al organizations1 & 

! cross+ ( ! int]national bord] betwe5  
legal ports ( entry by significant      
numb]s ( individuals contr>y to ! laws (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 meet ! def9itions (-- 
7,a7 actually invad$ "u clause #c (     
section #aj ( article ,i ( ! ,unit$     
,/ates ,con/itution2 &  7,b7 invasion "u
 section #d ( article ,,iv ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates ,con/itution2 &  7#c7 ,gov]nors (
 all #ej ,/ates possess ! au?ority & p[]
 z ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( _! respective      
,/ates to repel ! invasion describ$ 9   
p>agraph 7#b74