,,iii #aagth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 ,,res4 #bdi ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,may #bg1 #bjba,ms4 ,duckworth 7for herself1 ,mr4 ,moran1 ,mr4 ,durbin1 ,mr4 ,cotton1 ,ms4 ,ernst1 and ,ms4 ,hirono7 submitted the following resolution2 which was referred to the ,committee on ,armed ,services ,,resolution ,honoring women in the ,united ,states for their service in ,world ,war ,,ii and recognizing the role of ,representative ,edith ,nourse ,rogers in establishing the ,women's ,army ,auxiliary ,corps and the ,women's ,army ,corps4 ,whereas during ,world ,war ,,ii 7referred to in this preamble as the ,war71 despite social stigmas against women serving in uniform1 women in the ,united ,states served in the ,armed ,forces in vast numbers2 ,whereas ,congresswoman ,edith ,nourse ,rogers of ,massachusetts introduced legislation to create the ,women's ,army ,auxiliary ,corps 7referred to in this preamble as the ,,waac7 in ,may #aida1 which was signed into law by ,president ,franklin ,d4 ,roosevelt on ,may #ae1 #aidb2 ,whereas the first director of the ,,waac1 ,oveta ,culp ,hobby1 was sworn in on ,may #af1 #aidb1 and shortly thereafter began the process of recruiting women to join the ,,waac1 which garnered over #ce1jjj applications for an anticipated #a1jjj available positions2 ,whereas the first recruits for the newly created ,,waac arrived at the first training center on ,july #bj1 #aidb1 with #abe enlisted women and #ddj officer candidates1 #dj of whom were ,black2 ,whereas1 during the ,war1 women serving in the ,army in the ,,waac and the ,women's ,army ,corps 7referred to in this preamble as the ,,wac7 performed duties traditionally performed by men2 ,whereas1 in unspoken recognition of the value of their services1 the ,army removed the auxiliary status of the ,,waac units in #aidc1 which gave women all of the rank1 privileges1 and benefits of male soldiers2 ,whereas almost #a_/b of the members of the ,,wac during the ,war served in the ,army ,air ,forces as officers and enlisted personnel1 with duties including radio operator1 photographer1 and flight clerk2 ,whereas #g1cae of those members of the ,army ,air ,forces ,,wac were serving overseas in all theaters of the ,war in ,january #aide2 ,whereas1 at the end of the ,war1 #feg women were honored for their service in the ,,waac and the ,,wac1 receiving medals and citations1 including the ,distinguished ,service ,medal1 the ,legion of ,merit1 the ,air ,medal1 the ,soldiers' ,medal for heroic action1 the ,purple ,heart1 and the ,bronze ,star2 ,whereas1 in #aidf1 the ,army requested that ,congress establish the ,,wac as a permanent part of the ,army1 perhaps the single greatest indication of the value of women in the ,army to the effort of the ,united ,states in the ,war2 ,whereas1 during the ,war1 women served with the ,army ,air ,forces in the ,women's ,auxiliary ,ferrying ,squadron1 the ,women's ,flying ,training ,detachment1 and the ,women ,air ,force ,service ,pilots 7referred to in this preamble as ,w,a,s,ps72 ,whereas women serving with the ,army ,air ,forces-- 7#a7 ferried planes from factories to airfields2 7#b7 performed test flights of repaired aircraft towed targets used in live gunnery practice2 and 7#c7 performed a variety of other duties traditionally performed by men2 ,whereas women pilots flew more than #gj types of military aircraft1 from open-cockpit primary trainers to ,p-#ea ,mustangs1 ,b-#bf ,marauders1 and ,b-#bi ,superfortresses2 ,whereas1 from ,september #aj1 #aidb1 to ,december #bj1 #aidd1 #a1jgd ,w,a,s,ps flew an aggregate #fj1jjj1jjj miles in wartime service2 ,whereas1 although ,w,a,s,ps were promised military classification1 they were classified as civilians1 and the #ch ,w,a,s,ps who died in the line of duty were regrettably buried without military honors2 ,whereas ,w,a,s,ps did not receive official status as military veterans until ,march #aigi1 when ,,wasp units were formally recognized as components of the ,air ,force2 ,whereas1 during the ,war1 women in the ,navy served in the ,women ,accepted for ,volunteer ,emergency ,service 7referred to in this preamble as ,,waves72 ,whereas1 approximately #ij1jjj ,,waves served the ,navy in a variety of capacities and in such numbers that1 according to a ,navy estimate1 enough sailors were freed for combat duty to crew the ships of #d major task forces1 each including a battleship1 #b large aircraft carriers1 #b heavy cruisers1 #d light cruisers1 and #ae destroyers2 ,whereas ,,waves who served in naval aviation taught instrument flying1 aircraft recognition1 celestial navigation1 aircraft gunnery1 radio1 radar1 air combat information1 and air fighter administration1 but were not allowed to be pilots2 ,whereas1 at the end of the ,war1 ,secretary of the ,navy ,james ,forrestal stated that members of the ,,waves have exceeded performance of men in certain types of work1 and the ,navy ,department considers it to be very desirable that these important services rendered by women during the war should likewise be available in postwar years ahead2 ,whereas1 during the ,war1 women served in the ,marine ,corps ,women's ,reserve2 ,whereas more than #bc1jjj women served at shore establishments of the ,marine ,corps1 and by the end of the ,war1 #he percent of the enlisted personnel assigned to ,headquarters ,marine ,corps were women2 ,whereas1 during the ,war1 women were assigned to over #bjj different specialties in the ,marine ,corps and1 by performing those duties1 freed other ,marines for active duty to fight2 ,whereas1 during the ,war1 women served in the ,coast ,guard ,women's ,reserve 7referred to in this preamble as ,s,p,a,rs72 ,whereas more than #aj1jjj women volunteered for service with the ,coast ,guard during the period from #aidb through #aidf1 and when the ,coast ,guard was at the peak of its strength during the ,war1 #a out of every #af members of the ,coast ,guard was a ,,spar2 ,whereas the ,s,p,a,rs who attended the ,coast ,guard ,academy were the first women in the ,united ,states to attend a military academy2 ,whereas1 by the end of the ,war1 more than #djj1jjj women had served the ,united ,states in military capacities2 ,whereas those women who served1 despite their merit and the recognized value and importance of their contributions to the effort of the ,united ,states during the ,war-- 7#a7 were not given status equal to their male counterparts2 and 7#b7 struggled for years to receive the appreciation of ,congress and the people of the ,united ,states2 ,whereas those women helped to catalyze the social1 demographic1 and economic evolutions that occurred after the ,war and that continue to this day2 and ,whereas those pioneering women are owed a great debt of gratitude for their service to the ,united ,states3 ,now1 therefore1 be it ,that the ,senate-- 7#a7 honors the women who served the ,united ,states in military capacities during ,world ,war ,,ii2 7#b7 commends those women who1 through a sense of duty and willingness to defy stereotypes and social pressures1 performed military assignments to aid the war effort1 allowing for more combat capacity2 7#c7 recognizes that those women1 by serving with diligence and merit1 not only opened up opportunities for women that had previously been reserved for men1 but also contributed vitally to the victory of the ,united ,states and the ,allies in ,world ,war ,,ii2 and 7#d7 honors the contributions of ,congresswoman ,edith ,nourse ,rogers and her fellow ,members of ,congress who supported the establishment of the ,women's ,army ,auxiliary ,corps and the ,women's ,army ,corps4