,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #ihb  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!       
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,m>* #be1 #bjba ,mr4   
,m>key 7= himself1 ,mr4 ,van ,holl51    
,mr4 ,s&]s1 & ,mr4 ,m]kley7 introduc$ ! 
foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$  
to ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices  ,a   
,,bill  ,to ext5d ! life ( ! ,m9uteman  
,,iii & r$irect sav+s f ! developm5t ( !
 new gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t program
 t[>d ! developm5t ( a univ]sal         
coronavirus vacc9e1 & = o!r purposes4   
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,inve/+ 9 ,cures ,be=e ,missiles ,act 
( #bjba or ! ,,icbm ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s   
,congress f9ds ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,accord+ 
to ! ,congressional ,budget ,(fice1 !   
project$ co/ to su/a9 & mod]nize !      
,unit$ ,/ates nucle> ars5al1 z ( #bjag1 
is #a4b trillion 9 #bjag doll>s ov] !   
#bjag-bjdf p]iod3 m ?an #hjj billion to 
op]ate & su/a9 7t is1 increm5tally      
upgrade7 nucle> =ces & ab\t #djj billion
 to mod]nize !m4 ,) inflation1 ! co/    
rises to #a1gjj1jjj1jjj1jjj & does n    

include ! co/ ( ! additional nucle>     
capabilities propos$ 9 ! #bjah ,nucle>  
,po/ure ,review4  7#b7 ,! ,gov]nm5t     
,acc\ntability ,(fice f\nd 9 ,july #bjbj
 t ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se & ! ,national  
,nucle> ,security ,adm9i/ration h /ill n
 tak5 mean+ful /eps to address          
af=dability conc]ns or he$$ ! ,gov]nm5t 
,acc\ntability ,(fice's recomm5dation to
 consid] def]r+ ! />t ( or cancell+     
specific mod]nization programs1 includ+ 
! ,w#hg-a w>head modification program1  
to address increases 9 ! weapons        
activities budget reque/s ( ! ,national 
,nucle> ,security ,adm9i/ration4  7#c7  
,! gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t program  
is expect$ to co/ betwe5 #ic1ajj1jjj1jjj
 & #ie1hjj1jjj1jjj1 :i* does n include !
 co/ ( ! ,w#hg-a w>head modification    
program or ! co/ to produce new         
plutonium pits = ! w>head4 ,! total     
e/imat$ life cycle co/ ( ! gr\nd-bas$   
/rategic det]r5t program is             
#bfd1jjj1jjj1jjj1 & ! program is int5d$ 
to replace #djj deploy$ ,m9uteman ,,iii 

missiles ) m ?an #fjj new missiles1 to  
all[ = te/ flights & sp>es4  7#d7 ,!    
,air ,=ce aw>d$ a sole-s\rce contract to
 ,nor?rop ,grumman = ! eng9e]+ &        
manufactur+ compon5t ( ! gr\nd-bas$     
/rategic det]r5t program 9 ,septemb]    
#bjbj1 rais+ conc]ns t ! abs5ce (       
competition = ! aw>d may result 9 high] 
?an project$ co/s to ,unit$ ,/ates      
taxpay]s4  7#e7 ,! ,national ,nucle>    
,security ,adm9i/ration is also 9 ! e>ly
 /ages ( develop+ a replacem5t          
int]cont95tal balli/ic missile w>head1 !
 ,w#hg-a1 & exp&+ plutonium pit         
production to build new w>head cores1   
co/+ at lea/ #ab1jjj1jjj1jjj &          
#i1jjj1jjj1jjj1 respectively1 to meet ! 
mod]nization ne$s ( ! gr\nd-bas$        
/rategic det]r5t program4  7#f7 ,ma9ta9+
 & updat+ ! curr5t ,m9uteman ,,iii      
missiles is possible = multiple decades 
&1 accord+ to ! ,congressional ,budget  
,(fice1 ?r\gh #bjcf1 ?is w\ld co/       
#cg1jjj1jjj1jjj less 9 #bjag doll>s ?an 
develop+ & deploy+ ! gr\nd-bas$ /rategic

 det]r5t program4  7#g7 ,a public op9ion
 poll conduct$ f ,octob] #ab to #bh1    
#bjbj1 by ,re,think ,m$ia & ! ,f$]ation 
( ,am]ican ,sci5ti/s f\nd t only #bf    
p]c5t ( regi/]$ vot]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
pref]r$ replac+ ! ,m9uteman ,,iii       
int]cont95tal balli/ic missile ) !      
gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t1 z comp>$ to
 #fj p]c5t ( regi/]$ vot]s :o oppos$    
replac+ ! ,m9uteman ,,iii missile4  7#h7
 ,on ,april #c1 #bjai1 ,lieut5ant ,g5]al
 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,cl>k1 !n-,air ,=ce ,deputy 
,*ief ( ,/aff = ,/rategic ,det]r5ce &   
,nucle> ,integration1 not$ 9 te/imony   
be=e ! ,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices ( ! 
,h\se ( ,repres5tatives t we h "o m     
opportunity to conduct life ext5sion on 
! ,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal balli/ic
 missile1 indicat+ ! te*nical           
feasibility ( ext5d+ ! ,m9uteman ,,iii  
missile despite 8 /at$ pref]5ce = !     
gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t4  7#i7 ,ev5 
9 ! abs5ce ( an int]cont95tal balli/ic  
missile leg ( ! triad1 ! #bjah ,nucle>  
,po/ure ,review signal$ t ! ,unit$      

,/ates w\ld h an assur$ retaliatory     
capability 9 ! =m ( sev]al balli/ic     
missile subm>9es1 :i* are1 at pres5t1   
virtually undetectable1 & !re are no    
kn[n1 ne>-t]m cr$ible ?reats to !       
survivability ( ! balli/ic missile      
subm>9e =ce1 a b5efit t w be enhanc$ z !
 ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se moves to replace ! 
,ohio class balli/ic subm>9e fleet ) !  
new ,columbia class balli/ic missile    
fleet4  7#aj7 ,:ile int]cont95tal       
balli/ic missiles _h hi/orically be5 !  
mo/ responsive leg ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates    
nucle> triad1 advances 9 balli/ic       
missile subm>9e communications to all[ =
 ! dissem9ation ( em]g5cy action        
messages 9 w>time h negat$ t advantage4 
7#aa7 ,int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles  
_c be recall$1 leav+ decision mak]s )   
m]e m9utes to decide :e!r to laun* !    
missiles be=e !y are de/roy$1 kn[n z a  
po/ure ( laun* on w>n+ or laun* "u      
attack 9 ! face ( a p]ceiv$ nucle>      
attack1 greatly increas+ ! risk ( a     
national lead] initiat+ a nucle> w> by  

mi/ake4  7#ab7 ,9 #aihc1 ,/anislav      
,petrov1 a =m] lieut5ant colonel ( !    
,soviet ,air ,def5se ,=ces correctly    
id5tifi$ a false w>n+ 9 an e>ly w>n+    
sy/em t %[$ sev]al ,unit$ ,/ates incom+ 
nucle> missiles1 prev5t+ ,soviet lead]s 
f laun*+ a retaliatory response1 e>n+   
,colonel ,petrov ! nickname ! man :o    
sav$ ! _w4  7#ac7 ,=m] ,secret>y (      
,def5se ,william ,p]ry1 :o once brief$  
,presid5t ,bill ,cl9ton on a suspect$   
,russian fir/ nucle> /rike1 wrote t !   
gr\nd-bas$ leg ( ! nucle> triad is      
de/abiliz+ because x invites an attack &
 int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles are "s 
( ! mo/ dang]\s weapons 9 ! _w & c\ld   
ev5 trigg] an accid5tal nucle> w>4      
7#ad7 ,g5]al ,james ,c>twright1 =m] vice
 *air ( ! ,jo9t ,*iefs ( ,/aff & =m]    
,comm&] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,/rategic     
,comm&1 wrote1 ) ,secret>y ,p]ry1 ,the  
greate/ dang] is n a ,russian bolt b a  
,,u blund]--t we might accid5tally      
/umble into nucle> w>4 ,z we make       
decisions ab\t :i* weapons to buy1 we   

%\ld use ?is simple rule3 ,if a nucle>  
weapon increases ! risk ( accid5tal w> &
 is n ne$$ to det] an int5tional attack1
 we %\ld n build x4 ''' ,c]ta9 nucle>   
weapons1 su* z ''' ! int]cont95tal      
balli/ic missile1 c>ry high] risks (    
accid5tal w> t1 =tunately1 we no long]  
ne$ to be>4 ,we are saf] )\t ^! exp5sive
 weapons1 & x w\ld be fooli% to replace 
!m44  7#ae7 ,g5]al ,george ,lee ,butl]1 
! =m] ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( ! ,/rategic ,air
 ,comm& & subsequ5tly ,comm&]-9-,*ief ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates ,/rategic ,comm&1 said1 
,i w\ld h remov$ l&-bas$ missiles f our 
ars5al a long "t ago4 ,i'd be happy to  
put t mission on ! subm>9es4 ,s1 ) a    
significant fraction ( bomb]s hav+ a    
nucle> weapons capability t c be re/or$ 
to al]t v quickly1 & ) ev5 a small      
compon5t ( ,trid5t subm>9es--) all ^?   
missiles & all ^? w>heads on patrol--x's
 h>d to imag9e we c\ldn't get by44      
7#af7 ,:ile a sudd5 bolt f ! blue fir/  
/rike f a ne>-pe] nucle> adv]s>y is a   
highly unlikely sc5>io1 ext5d+ !        

,m9uteman ,,iii w\ld ma9ta9 ! purport$  
role ( ! int]cont95tal balli/ic missile 
leg ( ! triad to absorb su* an attack4  
#c4 ,/atem5t ( policy on ext5sion (     
lifespan ( ,m9uteman ,,iii & develop+ a 
vacc9e ( mass prev5tion ,x is ! policy (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates t-- 7#a7 ! op]ational  
life ( ! ,m9uteman ,,iii missiles c be  
safely ext5d$ until at lea/ #bjej2 &    
7#b7 inve/m5ts 9 develop+ a univ]sal    
coronavirus vacc9e & ef=ts to save lives
 f o!r types ( infecti\s diseases are a 
bett] use ( ,unit$ ,/ates taxpay]       
res\rces ?an build+ a new & unnecess>y  
int]cont95tal balli/ic missile4  #d4    
,availability ( funds = vacc9es in/ead (
 missiles  7a7 ,transf] f ,dep>tm5t (   
,def5se ,( ! unobligat$ balances (      
appropriations made available = !       
,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se = ! rese>*1         
developm5t1 te/1 & evaluation ( !       
gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t program1 !  
,secret>y ( ,def5se %all transf]        
#a1jjj1jjj1jjj to ! ,national ,in/itute 
( ,all]gy & ,infecti\s ,diseases to     

conduct or support compreh5sive rese>* =
 ! developm5t ( a univ]sal coronavirus  
vacc9e4  7b7 ,transf] f ,national       
,nucle> ,security ,adm9i/ration ,!      
,secret>y ( ,en]gy %all transf] all     
unobligat$ balances ( appropriations    
made available = ! ,national ,nucle>    
,security ,adm9i/ration = ! ,w#hg-a     
w>head modification program to ! ,c5t]s 
= ,disease ,control & ,prev5tion to     
rese>* & combat em]g+ & zoonotic        
infecti\s diseases4  #e4 ,prohibition on
 use ( funds = gr\nd-bas$ /rategic      
det]r5t program & ,w#hg-a w>head        
modification program ,none ( ! funds    
au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ or o!rwise   
made available = fiscal ye> #bjbb may be
 obligat$ or exp5d$ = ! gr\nd-bas$      
/rategic det]r5t program or ! ,w#hg-a   
w>head modification program4  #f4       
,indep5d5t /udy on ext5sion ( ,m9uteman 
,,iii int]cont95tal balli/ic missiles   
7a7 ,indep5d5t /udy ,n lat] ?an #cj days
 aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! 
,secret>y ( ,def5se %all seek to ent]   

into a contract ) ! ,national ,academy (
 ,sci5ces to conduct a /udy on ext5d+ ! 
life ( ,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal    
balli/ic missiles to #bjej4  7b7 ,matt]s
 includ$ ,! /udy "u subsection 7a7 %all 
include ! foll[+3  7#a7 ,a comp>ison ( !
 co/s ?r\gh #bjej (-- 7,a7 ext5d+ ! life
 ( ,m9uteman ,,iii int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles2 &  7,b7 deploy+ !    
gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t program4    
7#b7 ,an analysis ( opportunities to    
incorporate te*nologies into ! ,m9uteman
 ,,iii int]cont95tal balli/ic missile   
program z "p ( a s]vice life ext5sion   
program t c\ld also be incorporat$ 9 !  
future gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t      
program1 includ+1 at a m9imum1          
opportunities to increase ! resili5ce   
aga9/ adv]s>y missile def5ses4  7#c7 ,an
 analysis ( ! b5efits & risks (         
incorporat+ s5sors & nonde/ructive te/+ 
me?ods & te*nologies to r$uce de/ructive
 te/+ requirem5ts & increase ! s]vice   
life & numb] ( ,m9uteman ,,iii missiles 
?r\gh #bjej4  7#d7 ,an analysis &       

validation ( ! me?ods us$ to e/imate !  
op]ational s]vice life ( ,m9uteman ,,ii 
& ,m9uteman ,,iii motors1 tak+ into     
acc\nt ! te/ & laun* exp]i5ce ( motors  
retir$ aft] ! op]ational s]vice life (  
su* motors 9 ! rocket sy/ems laun*      
program4  7#e7 ,an analysis ( ! risks & 
b5efits ( alt]native me?ods ( e/imat+ ! 
op]ational s]vice life ( ,m9uteman ,,iii
 motors1 su* z ^? me?ods bas$ on        
fundam5tal physical & *emical processes 
& nonde/ructive measurem5ts ( individual
 motor prop]ties4  7#f7 ,an analysis (  
risks1 b5efits1 & co/s ( configur+ a    
,trid5t ,,ii ,d#e subm>9e laun*$        
balli/ic missile = deploym5t 9 a        
,m9uteman ,,iii silo4  7#g7 ,an analysis
 ( ! impacts ( ! e/imat$ s]vice life ( !
 ,m9uteman ,,iii =ce associat$ )        
decreas+ ! deploy$ int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles deliv]y vehicle =ce f 
#djj to #cjj4  7#h7 ,an assessm5t on !  
degree to :i* ! ,columbia class balli/ic
 missile subm>9es w possess features t w
 enhance ! curr5t invuln]ability (      

balli/ic missile subm>9es ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates to future antisubm>9e w>f>e      
?reats4  7#i7 ,an analysis ( ! degree to
 :i* an ext5sion ( ! ,m9uteman ,,iii    
w\ld impact ! decision ( ,russian       
,f$]ation to t>get int]cont95tal        
balli/ic missiles ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a 
crisis1 z comp>$ to proce$+ ) !         
gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t4  7#aj7 ,a  
be/ case e/imate ( :at p]c5tage ( !     
/rategic =ces ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld    
survive a c\nt]=ce /rike f ! ,russian   
,f$]ation1 brok5 d[n by int]cont95tal   
balli/ic missiles1 balli/ic missile     
subm>9es1 & heavy bomb] aircraft4  7#aa7
 ,! b5efits1 risks1 & co/s ( rely+ on ! 
,w-#gh w>head = ei!r ! ,m9uteman ,,iii  
or a new gr\nd-bas$ /rategic det]r5t    
missile z comp>$ to proce$+ ) ! ,w-#hg  
life ext5sion4  7#ab7 ,! b5efits1 risks1
 & co/s ( add+ additional laun*]s or    
upload+ subm>9e-laun*$ balli/ic missiles
 ) additional w>heads to comp5sate = a  
r$uc$ deploym5t ( int]cont95tal balli/ic
 missiles ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7c7       

,submission to ,dep>tm5t ( ,def5se ,n   
lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date ( !      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,national        
,academy ( ,sci5ces %all submit to !    
,secret>y a report conta9+ ! /udy       
conduct$ "u subsection 7a74  7d7        
,submission to congress ,n lat] ?an #baj
 days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is    
,act1 ! ,secret>y %all transmit to !    
appropriate congressional committees !  
report requir$ by subsection 7c71 )\t   
*ange4  7e7 ,=m ,! report requir$ by    
subsection 7c7 %all be submitt$ 9       
unclassifi$ =m1 b may include a         
classifi$ annex4  #g4 ,appropriate      
congressional committees def9$ ,9 ?is   
,act1 ! t]m appropriate congressional   
committees means--  7#a7 ! ,committee on
 ,arm$ ,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,=eign 
,relations1 & ! ,committee on           
,appropriations ( ! ,s5ate2 &  7#b7 !   
,committee on ,arm$ ,s]vices1 !         
,committee on ,=eign ,affairs1 & !      
,committee on ,appropriations ( ! ,h\se 
( ,repres5tatives4