,,ii #aagth ,,congress #ast ,session ,s4 #hci ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,march #ah1 #bjba ,mr4 ,cassidy 7for himself1 ,ms4 ,warren1 ,mr4 ,scott of ,south ,carolina1 and ,mr4 ,whitehouse7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,health1 ,education1 ,labor1 and ,pensions ,a ,,bill ,to establish a postsecondary student data system4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,college ,transparency ,act4 #b4 ,postsecondary student data system ,section #acb of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajae;a7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating subsection 7l7 as subsection 7m72 and 7#b7 by inserting after subsection 7k7 the following3 7l7 ,postsecondary student data system 7#a7 ,in general 7,a7 ,establishment of system ,not later than #d years after the date of enactment of the ,college ,transparency ,act1 the ,commissioner of the ,national ,center for ,education ,statistics 7referred to in this subsection as the ,commissioner7 shall develop and maintain a secure1 privacy-protected postsecondary student-level data system in order to-- 7i7 accurately evaluate student enrollment patterns1 progression1 completion1 and postcollegiate outcomes1 and higher education costs and financial aid2 7ii7 assist with transparency1 institutional improvement1 and analysis of ,federal aid programs2 7iii7 provide accurate1 complete1 and customizable information for students and families making decisions about postsecondary education2 and 7iv7 reduce the reporting burden on institutions of higher education1 in accordance with section #e7;b7 of the ,college ,transparency ,act4 7,b7 ,avoiding duplicated reporting ,notwithstanding any other provision of this section1 to the extent that another provision of this section requires the same reporting or collection of data that is required under this subsection1 an institution of higher education1 or the ,secretary or ,commissioner1 may use the reporting or data required for the postsecondary student data system under this subsection to satisfy both requirements4 7,c7 ,development process ,in developing the postsecondary student data system described in this subsection1 the ,commissioner shall-- 7i7 focus on the needs of-- 7,i7 users of the data system2 and 7,,ii7 entities1 including institutions of higher education1 reporting to the data system2 7ii7 take into consideration1 to the extent practicable-- 7,i7 the guidelines outlined in the ,u4,s4 ,web ,design ,standards maintained by the ,general ,services ,administration and the ,digital ,services ,playbook and ,tech,f,a,r ,handbook for ,procuring ,digital ,services ,using ,agile ,processes of the ,u4,s4 ,digital ,service2 and 7,,ii7 the relevant successor documents or recommendations of such guidelines2 7iii7 use modern1 relevant privacy- and security-enhancing technology1 and enhance and update the data system as necessary to carry out the purpose of this subsection2 7iv7 ensure data privacy and security is consistent with any ,federal law relating to privacy or data security1 including-- 7,i7 the requirements of subchapter ,,ii of chapter #ce of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 specifying security categorization under the ,federal ,information ,processing ,standards or any relevant successor of such standards2 7,,ii7 security requirements that are consistent with the ,federal agency responsibilities in section #ceed of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 or any relevant successor of such responsibilities2 and 7,,iii7 security requirements1 guidelines1 and controls consistent with cybersecurity standards and best practices developed by the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 including frameworks1 consistent with section #b7;c7 of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #bgb7;c771 or any relevant successor of such frameworks2 7v7 follow ,federal data minimization practices to ensure only the minimum amount of data is collected to meet the system's goals1 in accordance with ,federal data minimization standards and guidelines developed by the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 and 7vi7 provide notice to students outlining the data included in the system and how the data are used4 7#b7 ,data elements 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #d years after the date of enactment of the ,college ,transparency ,act1 the ,commissioner1 in consultation with the ,postsecondary ,student ,data ,system ,advisory ,committee established under subparagraph 7,b71 shall determine-- 7i7 the data elements to be included in the postsecondary student data system1 in accordance with subparagraphs 7,c7 and 7,d72 and 7ii7 how to include the data elements required under subparagraph 7,c71 and any additional data elements selected under subparagraph 7,d71 in the postsecondary student data system4 7,b7 ,postsecondary ,student ,data ,system ,advisory ,committee 7i7 ,establishment ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of the ,college ,transparency ,act1 the ,commissioner shall establish a ,postsecondary ,student ,data ,system ,advisory ,committee 7referred to in this subsection as the ,advisory ,committee71 whose members shall include-- 7,i7 the ,chief ,privacy ,officer of the ,department or an official of the ,department delegated the duties of overseeing data privacy at the ,department2 7,,ii7 the ,chief ,security ,officer of the ,department or an official of the ,department delegated the duties of overseeing data security at the ,department2 7,,iii7 representatives of diverse institutions of higher education1 which shall include equal representation between #b-year and #d-year institutions of higher education1 and from public1 nonprofit1 and proprietary institutions of higher education1 including minority-serving institutions2 7,,iv7 representatives from ,state higher education agencies1 entities1 bodies1 or boards2 7,v7 representatives of postsecondary students2 7,,vi7 representatives from relevant ,federal agencies2 and 7,,vii7 other stakeholders 7including individuals with expertise in data privacy and security1 consumer protection1 and postsecondary education research74 7ii7 ,requirements ,the ,commissioner shall ensure that the ,advisory ,committee-- 7,i7 adheres to all requirements under the ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app472 7,,ii7 establishes operating and meeting procedures and guidelines necessary to execute its advisory duties2 and 7,,iii7 is provided with appropriate staffing and resources to execute its advisory duties4 7,c7 ,required data elements ,the data elements in the postsecondary student data system shall include1 at a minimum1 the following3 7i7 ,student-level data elements necessary to calculate the information within the surveys designated by the ,commissioner as student-related surveys in the ,integrated ,postsecondary ,education ,data ,system 7,,ipeds71 as such surveys are in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the ,college ,transparency ,act1 except that in the case that collection of such elements would conflict with subparagraph 7,f71 such elements in conflict with subparagraph 7,f7 shall be included in the aggregate instead of at the student level4 7ii7 ,student-level data elements necessary to allow for reporting student enrollment1 persistence1 retention1 transfer1 and completion measures for all credential levels separately 7including certificate1 associate1 baccalaureate1 and advanced degree levels71 within and across institutions of higher education 7including across all categories of institution level1 control1 and predominant degree awarded74 ,the data elements shall allow for reporting about all such data disaggregated by the following categories3 7,i7 ,enrollment status as a first-time student1 recent transfer student1 or other non-first-time student4 7,,ii7 ,attendance intensity1 whether full-time or part-time4 7,,iii7 ,credential-seeking status1 by credential level4 7,,iv7 ,race or ethnicity1 in a manner that captures all the racial groups specified in the most recent ,american ,community ,survey of the ,bureau of the ,census4 7,v7 ,age intervals4 7,,vi7 ,gender4 7,,vii7 ,program of study 7as applicable74 7,,viii7 ,military or veteran benefit status 7as determined based on receipt of veteran's education benefits1 as defined in section #dhj7;c774 7,,ix7 ,status as a distance education student1 whether exclusively or partially enrolled in distance education4 7,x7 ,federal ,pell ,grant recipient status under section #dja and ,federal loan recipient status under title ,,iv1 provided that the collection of such information complies with paragraph 7#a77;,b74 7,d7 ,other data elements 7i7 ,in general ,the ,commissioner may1 after consultation with the ,advisory ,committee and provision of a public comment period1 include additional data elements in the postsecondary student data system1 such as those described in clause 7ii71 if those data elements-- 7,i7 are necessary to ensure that the postsecondary data system fulfills the purposes described in paragraph 7#a77;,a72 and 7,,ii7 are consistent with data minimization principles1 including the collection of only those additional elements that are necessary to ensure such purposes4 7ii7 ,data elements ,the data elements described in clause 7i7 may include-- 7,i7 status as a first generation college student1 as defined in section #djb;,a7h72 7,,ii7 economic status2 7,,iii7 participation in postsecondary remedial coursework or gateway course completion2 or 7,,iv7 other data elements that are necessary in accordance with clause 7i74 7,e7 ,reevaluation ,not less than once every #c years after the implementation of the postsecondary student data system described in this subsection1 the ,commissioner1 in consultation with the ,advisory ,committee described in subparagraph 7,b71 shall review the data elements included in the postsecondary student data system and may revise the data elements to be included in such system4 7,f7 ,prohibitions ,the ,commissioner shall not include individual health data 7including data relating to physical health or mental health71 student discipline records or data1 elementary and secondary education data1 an exact address1 citizenship status1 migrant status1 or national origin status for students or their families1 course grades1 postsecondary entrance examination results1 political affiliation1 or religion in the postsecondary student data system under this subsection4 7#c7 ,periodic matching with other ,federal data systems 7,a7 ,data sharing agreements 7i7 ,the ,commissioner shall ensure secure1 periodic data matches by entering into data sharing agreements with each of the following ,federal agencies and offices3 7,i7 ,the ,secretary of the ,treasury and the ,commissioner of the ,internal ,revenue ,service1 in order to calculate aggregate program- and institution-level earnings of postsecondary students4 7,,ii7 ,the ,secretary of ,defense1 in order to assess the use of postsecondary educational benefits and the outcomes of servicemembers4 7,,iii7 ,the ,secretary of ,veterans ,affairs1 in order to assess the use of postsecondary educational benefits and outcomes of veterans4 7,,iv7 ,the ,director of the ,bureau of the ,census1 in order to assess the earnings outcomes of former postsecondary education students4 7,v7 ,the ,chief ,operating ,officer of the ,office of ,federal ,student ,aid1 in order to analyze the use of postsecondary educational benefits provided under this ,act4 7,,vi7 ,the ,commissioner of the ,social ,security ,administration1 in order to evaluate labor market outcomes of former postsecondary education students4 7,,vii7 ,the ,commissioner of the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 in order to assess the wages of former postsecondary education students4 7ii7 ,the heads of ,federal agencies and offices described under clause 7i7 shall enter into data sharing agreements with the ,commissioner to ensure secure1 periodic data matches as described in this paragraph4 7,b7 ,categories of data ,the ,commissioner shall1 at a minimum1 seek to ensure that the secure periodic data system matches described in subparagraph 7,a7 permit consistent reporting of the following categories of data for all postsecondary students3 7i7 ,enrollment1 retention1 transfer1 and completion outcomes for all postsecondary students4 7ii7 ,financial indicators for postsecondary students receiving ,federal grants and loans1 including grant and loan aid by source1 cumulative student debt1 loan repayment status1 and repayment plan4 7iii7 ,post-completion outcomes for all postsecondary students1 including earnings1 employment1 and further education1 by program of study and credential level and as measured-- 7,i7 immediately after leaving postsecondary education2 and 7,,ii7 at time intervals appropriate to the credential sought and earned4 7,c7 ,periodic data match streamlining and confidentiality 7i7 ,streamlining ,in carrying out the secure periodic data system matches under this paragraph1 the ,commissioner shall-- 7,i7 ensure that such matches are not continuous1 but occur only periodically at appropriate intervals1 as determined by the ,commissioner to meet the goals of subparagraph 7,a72 and 7,,ii7 seek to-- 7aa7 streamline the data collection and reporting requirements for institutions of higher education2 7bb7 minimize duplicative reporting across or within ,federal agencies or departments1 including reporting requirements applicable to institutions of higher education under the ,workforce ,innovation and ,opportunity ,act 7#bi ,u4,s4,c4 #caja et seq47 and the ,carl ,d4 ,perkins ,career and ,technical ,education ,act of #bjjf2 7cc7 protect student privacy2 and 7dd7 streamline the application process for student loan benefit programs available to borrowers based on data available from different ,federal data systems4 7ii7 ,review ,not less often than once every #c years after the establishment of the postsecondary student data system under this subsection1 the ,commissioner1 in consultation with the ,advisory ,committee1 shall review methods for streamlining data collection from institutions of higher education and minimizing duplicative reporting within the ,department and across ,federal agencies that provide data for the postsecondary student data system4 7iii7 ,confidentiality ,the ,commissioner shall ensure that any periodic matching or sharing of data through periodic data system matches established in accordance with this paragraph-- 7,i7 complies with the security and privacy protections described in paragraph 7#a77;,c77iv7 and other ,federal data protection protocols2 7,,ii7 follows industry best practices commensurate with the sensitivity of specific data elements or metrics2 7,,iii7 does not result in the creation of a single standing1 linked ,federal database at the ,department that maintains the information reported across other ,federal agencies2 and 7,,iv7 discloses to postsecondary students what data are included in the data system and periodically matched and how the data are used4 7iv7 ,correction ,the ,commissioner1 in consultation with the ,advisory ,committee1 shall establish a process for students to request access to only their personal information for inspection and request corrections to inaccuracies in a manner that protects the student's personally identifiable information4 ,the ,commissioner shall respond in writing to every request for a correction from a student4 7#d7 ,publicly available information 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,commissioner shall make the summary aggregate information described in subparagraph 7,c71 at a minimum1 publicly available through a user-friendly consumer information website and analytic tool that-- 7i7 provides appropriate mechanisms for users to customize and filter information by institutional and student characteristics2 7ii7 allows users to build summary aggregate reports of information1 including reports that allow comparisons across multiple institutions and programs1 subject to subparagraph 7,b72 7iii7 uses appropriate statistical disclosure limitation techniques necessary to ensure that the data released to the public cannot be used to identify specific individuals2 and 7iv7 provides users with appropriate contextual factors to make comparisons1 which may include national median figures of the summary aggregate information described in subparagraph 7,c74 7,b7 ,no personally identifiable information available ,the summary aggregate information described in this paragraph shall not include personally identifiable information4 7,c7 ,summary ,aggregate ,information available ,the summary aggregate information described in this paragraph shall1 at a minimum1 include each of the following for each institution of higher education3 7i7 ,measures of student access1 including-- 7,i7 admissions selectivity and yield2 and 7,,ii7 enrollment1 disaggregated by each category described in paragraph 7#b77;,c77ii74 7ii7 ,measures of student progression1 including retention rates and persistence rates1 disaggregated by each category described in paragraph 7#b77;,c77ii74 7iii7 ,measures of student completion1 including-- 7,i7 transfer rates and completion rates1 disaggregated by each category described in paragraph 7#b77;,c77ii72 and 7,,ii7 number of completions1 disaggregated by each category described in paragraph 7#b77;,c77ii74 7iv7 ,measures of student costs1 including-- 7,i7 tuition1 required fees1 total cost of attendance1 and net price after total grant aid1 disaggregated by in-,state tuition or in-district tuition status 7if applicable71 program of study 7if applicable71 and credential level2 and 7,,ii7 typical grant amounts and loan amounts received by students reported separately from ,federal1 ,state1 local1 and institutional sources1 and cumulative debt1 disaggregated by each category described in paragraph 7#b77;,c77ii7 and completion status4 7v7 ,measures of postcollegiate student outcomes1 including employment rates1 mean and median earnings1 loan repayment and default rates1 and further education rates4 ,these measures shall-- 7,i7 be disaggregated by each category described in paragraph 7#b77;,c77ii7 and completion status2 and 7,,ii7 be measured immediately after leaving postsecondary education and at time intervals appropriate to the credential sought or earned4 7,d7 ,development criteria ,in developing the method and format of making the information described in this paragraph publicly available1 the ,commissioner shall-- 7i7 focus on the needs of the users of the information1 which will include students1 families of students1 potential students1 researchers1 and other consumers of education data2 7ii7 take into consideration1 to the extent practicable1 the guidelines described in paragraph 7#a77;,c77ii77,i71 and relevant successor documents or recommendations of such guidelines2 7iii7 use modern1 relevant technology and enhance and update the postsecondary student data system with information1 as necessary to carry out the purpose of this paragraph2 7iv7 ensure data privacy and security in accordance with standards and guidelines developed by the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 and in accordance with any other ,federal law relating to privacy or security1 including complying with the requirements of subchapter ,,ii of chapter #ce of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 specifying security categorization under the ,federal ,information ,processing ,standards1 and security requirements1 and setting of ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology security baseline controls at the appropriate level2 and 7v7 conduct consumer testing to determine how to make the information as meaningful to users as possible4 7#e7 ,permissible disclosures of data 7,a7 ,data reports and queries 7i7 ,in general ,not later than #d years after the date of enactment of the ,college ,transparency ,act1 the ,commissioner shall develop and implement a secure process for making student-level1 non-personally identifiable information1 with direct identifiers removed1 from the postsecondary student data system available for vetted research and evaluation purposes approved by the ,commissioner in a manner compatible with practices for disclosing ,national ,center for ,education ,statistics restricted-use survey data as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the ,college ,transparency ,act1 or by applying other research and disclosure restrictions to ensure data privacy and security4 ,such process shall be approved by the ,national ,center for ,education ,statistics' ,disclosure ,review ,board 7or successor body74 7ii7 ,providing data reports and queries to institutions and ,states 7,i7 ,in general ,the ,commissioner shall provide feedback reports1 at least annually1 to each institution of higher education1 each postsecondary education system that fully participates in the postsecondary student data system1 and each ,state higher education body as designated by the governor4 7,,ii7 ,feedback reports ,the feedback reports provided under this clause shall include program-level and institution-level information from the postsecondary student data system regarding students who are associated with the institution or1 for ,state representatives1 the institutions within that ,state1 on or before the date of the report1 on measures including student mobility and workforce outcomes1 provided that the feedback aggregate summary reports protect the privacy of individuals4 7,,iii7 ,determination of content ,the content of the feedback reports shall be determined by the ,commissioner in consultation with the ,advisory ,committee4 7iii7 ,permitting ,state data queries ,the ,commissioner shall1 in consultation with the ,advisory ,committee and as soon as practicable1 create a process through which ,states may submit lists of secondary school graduates within the ,state to receive summary aggregate outcomes for those students who enrolled at an institution of higher education1 including postsecondary enrollment and college completion1 provided that those data protect the privacy of individuals and that the ,state data submitted to the ,commissioner are not stored in the postsecondary education system4 7iv7 ,regulations ,the ,commissioner shall promulgate regulations to ensure fair1 secure1 and equitable access to data reports and queries under this paragraph4 7,b7 ,disclosure limitations ,in carrying out the public reporting and disclosure requirements of this subsection1 the ,commissioner shall use appropriate statistical disclosure limitation techniques necessary to ensure that the data released to the public cannot include personally identifiable information or be used to identify specific individuals4 7,c7 ,sale of data prohibited ,data collected under this subsection1 including the public-use data set and data comprising the summary aggregate information available under paragraph 7#d71 shall not be sold to any third party by the ,commissioner1 including any institution of higher education or any other entity4 7,d7 ,limitation on use by other ,federal agencies 7i7 ,in general ,the ,commissioner shall not allow any other ,federal agency to use data collected under this subsection for any purpose except-- 7,i7 for vetted research and evaluation conducted by the other ,federal agency1 as described in subparagraph 7,a77i72 or 7,,ii7 for a purpose explicitly authorized by this ,act4 7ii7 ,prohibition on limitation of services ,the ,secretary1 or the head of any other ,federal agency1 shall not use data collected under this subsection to limit services to students4 7,e7 ,law enforcement ,personally identifiable information collected under this subsection shall not be used for any ,federal1 ,state1 or local law enforcement activity or any other activity that would result in adverse action against any student or a student's family1 including debt collection activity or enforcement of immigration laws4 7,f7 ,limitation of use for ,federal rankings or summative rating system ,the comprehensive data collection and analysis necessary for the postsecondary student data system under this subsection shall not be used by the ,secretary or any ,federal entity to establish any ,federal ranking system of institutions of higher education or a system that results in a summative ,federal rating of institutions of higher education4 7,g7 ,rule of construction ,nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prevent the use of individual categories of aggregate information to be used for accountability purposes4 7,h7 ,rule of construction regarding commercial use of data ,nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to prohibit third-party entities from using publicly available information in this data system for commercial use4 7#f7 ,submission of data 7,a7 ,required submission ,each institution of higher education participating in a program under title ,,iv1 or the assigned agent of such institution1 shall1 for each eligible program1 in accordance with section #dhg7;a77#ag71 collect1 and submit to the ,commissioner1 the data requested by the ,commissioner to carry out this subsection4 7,b7 ,voluntary submission ,any institution of higher education not participating in a program under title ,,iv may voluntarily participate in the postsecondary student data system under this subsection by collecting and submitting data to the ,commissioner1 as the ,commissioner may request to carry out this subsection4 7,c7 ,personally identifiable information ,in accordance with paragraph 7#b77;,c77i71 if the submission of an element of student-level data is prohibited under paragraph 7#b77;,f7 7or otherwise prohibited by law71 the institution of higher education shall submit that data to the ,commissioner in the aggregate4 7#g7 ,unlawful willful disclosure 7,a7 ,in general ,it shall be unlawful for any person who obtains or has access to personally identifiable information in connection with the postsecondary student data system described in this subsection to willfully disclose to any person 7except as authorized in this ,act or by any ,federal law7 such personally identifiable information4 7,b7 ,penalty ,any person who violates subparagraph 7,a7 shall be subject to a penalty described under section #cegb7;f7 of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code1 and section #ahc7;d77#f7 of the ,education ,sciences ,reform ,act of #bjjb 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #iegc7;d77#f774 7,c7 ,employee or officer of the ,united ,states ,if a violation of subparagraph 7,a7 is committed by any officer or employee of the ,united ,states1 the officer or employee shall be dismissed from office or discharged from employment upon conviction for the violation4 7#h7 ,data security ,the ,commissioner shall produce and update as needed guidance and regulations relating to privacy1 security1 and access which shall govern the use and disclosure of data collected in connection with the activities authorized in this subsection4 ,the guidance and regulations developed and reviewed shall protect data from unauthorized access1 use1 and disclosure1 and shall include-- 7,a7 an audit capability1 including mandatory and regularly conducted audits2 7,b7 access controls2 7,c7 requirements to ensure sufficient data security1 quality1 validity1 and reliability2 7,d7 confidentiality protection in accordance with the applicable provisions of subchapter ,,iii of chapter #ce of title #dd1 ,united ,states ,code2 7,e7 appropriate and applicable privacy and security protection1 including data retention and destruction protocols and data minimization1 in accordance with the most recent ,federal standards developed by the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 and 7,f7 protocols for managing a breach1 including breach notifications1 in accordance with the standards of ,national ,center for ,education ,statistics4 7#i7 ,data collection ,the ,commissioner shall ensure that data collection1 maintenance1 and use under this subsection complies with section #eeb;a of title #e1 ,united ,states ,code4 7#aj7 ,definitions ,in this subsection3 7,a7 ,institution of higher education ,the term institution of higher education has the meaning given the term in section #ajb4 7,b7 ,minority-serving institution ,the term minority-serving institution means an institution of higher education listed in section #cga7;a74 7,c7 ,personally identifiable information ,the term personally identifiable information means personally identifiable information within the meaning of section #ddd of the ,general ,education ,provisions ,act4 4 #c4 ,repeal of prohibition on student data system ,section #acd of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajae;c7 is repealed4 #d4 ,institutional requirements 7a7 ,in general ,paragraph 7#ag7 of section #dhg7;a7 of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajid7;a77 is amended to read as follows3 7#ag7 ,the institution or the assigned agent of the institution will collect and submit data to the ,commissioner for ,education ,statistics in accordance with section #acb7l71 the nonstudent related surveys within the ,integrated ,postsecondary ,education ,data ,system 7,,ipeds71 or any other ,federal institution of higher education data collection effort 7as designated by the ,secretary71 in a timely manner and to the satisfaction of the ,secretary4 4 7b7 ,effective date ,the amendment made by subsection 7a7 shall take effect on the date that is #d years after the date of enactment of this ,act4 #e4 ,transition provisions ,the ,secretary of ,education and the ,commissioner for ,education ,statistics shall take such steps as are necessary to ensure that the development and maintenance of the postsecondary student data system required under section #acb7l7 of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife1 as added by section #b of this ,act1 occurs in a manner that reduces the reporting burden for entities that reported into the ,integrated ,postsecondary ,education ,data ,system 7,,ipeds74