#aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session  ,s4    
#ejjb  ,,an ,,act  ,to all[ =           
alt]natives to animal te/+ = purposes ( 
drug & biological product applications4 
#a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z 
! ,,fda ,mod]nization ,act #b4j4  #b4   
,alt]natives to animal te/+  7a7 ,9     
g5]al ,section #eje ( ! ,f$]al ,food1   
,drug1 & ,cosmetic ,act 7#ba ,u4,s4,c4  
#cee7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7i7--
 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#a77;,a71 by /rik+    
precl9ical te/s 7includ+ te/s on        
animals7 & ins]t+ noncl9ical te/s2 &    
7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,b71 by /rik+     
animal & ins]t+ noncl9ical te/s2 &  7#b7
 aft] subsection 7y71 by ins]t+ !       
foll[+3  7z7 ,noncl9ical te/ def9$ ,=   
purposes ( ?is section1 ! t]m noncl9ical
 te/ means a te/ conduct$ 9 vitro1 9    
silico1 or 9 *emico1 or a non-human 9   
vivo te/ t occurs be=e or dur+ ! cl9ical
 trial phase ( ! inve/igation ( ! safety
 & effectiv5ess ( a drug1 & may include 
animal te/s1 or non-animal or human     
biology-bas$ te/ me?ods1 su* z cell-bas$

 assays1 microphysiological sy/ems1 or  
biopr9t$ or comput] models4  4  7b7     
,biosimil> biological product           
applications ,item 7bb7 ( section       
#cea7k77#b77;,a77i77,i7 ( ! ,public     
,heal? ,s]vice ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4      
#bfb7k77#b77;,a77i77,i77 is am5d$ to    
read z foll[s3  7bb7 an assessm5t (     
toxicity 7:i* may rely on1 or consi/ (1 
a /udy or /udies describ$ 9 item 7aa7 or
 7cc772 &  4  ,pass$ ! ,s5ate ,septemb] 
#bi1 #bjbb4,secret>y