,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #b;d ,session   
,s4 #dihg  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,septemb] #bh1         
#bjbb,mr4 ,grassley introduc$ ! foll[+  
bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to !    
,committee on ! ,judici>y  ,a ,,bill    
,to require c]ta9 nonpr(it & n-=-pr(it  
social welf>e organizations to submit   
disclosure reports on =eign fund+ to !  
,attorney ,g5]al1 & = o!r purposes4  #a4
 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z !  
,?9k ,tank ,transp>5cy ,act4  #b4 ,f9d+s
 ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,?9k     
tanks h provid$ ,congress & ! executive 
bran* ) a weal? ( rese>* & s*ol>%ip t   
l>gely has b5efitt$ ! public 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates by improv+ ! draft+1 enactm5t1 & 
en=cem5t ( policy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4    
7#b7 ,!re is broad bip>tisan agreem5t t 
?9k tanks possess enorm\s influ5ce on ! 
passage & en=cem5t ( policies1          
p>ticul>ly ^? t relate to =eign policy4 
7#c7 ,9 rec5t ye>s1 =eign fund+ ( ?9k   
tanks has increas$ sub/antially4  7#d7  
,congress1 ! executive bran*1 &         

especially ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h a "r 
to-- 7,a7 "k :i* ?9k tanks receive =eign
 funds2 &  7,b7 assess = !mselves !     
ext5t t =eign influ5ce %\ld be consid]$ 
:5 analyz+ ! cr$ibility & value ( rese>*
 & s*ol>%ip produc$ by su* ?9k tanks t  
receive =eign funds4  7#e7 ,! ,unit$    
,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives has      
already recogniz$ ! national security   
issues inh]5t 9 undue =eign influ5ce (  
entities ) cov]t s\rces ( =eign fund+ t 
te/ify be=e ,congress4 ,s9ce #bjae1     
repres5tatives ( entities :o te/ify be=e
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives
 h be5 requir$ to disclose relevant     
=eign fund+ s\rces direct$ to !m or _!  
employ]s 9 ,tru?-9-,te/imony disclosure 
=ms requir$ "u clause #b7;g77#e7 ( rule 
,,xi ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se (          
,repres5tatives4  7#f7 ,almo/ #cj ye>s  
ago1 ,congress enact$ section #aag ( !  
,high] ,education ,act ( #aife 7#bj     
,u4,s4,c4 #ajaa;f7 7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z
 section #aag7 9 light ( conc]ns ab\t ! 
gr[+ f9ancial relation%ip betwe5        

univ]sities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & =eign   
s\rces4 ,9 enact+ t legislation1        
,congress balanc$ academic fre$om &     
national security by m&at+ f9ancial     
transp>5cy ?r\gh requir$ report+ (      
contracts )1 & gifts f1 any =eign s\rce4
  7#g7 ,section #aag does n prohibit    
in/itutions ( high] education f tak+    
=eign money1 b r m&ates accurate &      
transp>5t disclosures ( s\rces & am\nts 
receiv$ by ^? in/itutions to ! ,dep>tm5t
 ( ,education4 ,9 #bjai1 ! ,dep>tm5t (  
,education took concrete /eps to en=ce  
section #aag by ensur+ ! integrity (    
report+ requirem5ts1 confirm+ ! correct 
report+ & categorization ( donations1 & 
prohibit+ ! use ( dome/ic conduits &    
int]m$i>ies to avoid ! disclosures (    
=eign gifts4  7#h7 ,betwe5 #bjaa &      
#bjba1 ! ,russian ,f$]ation 7h]e9aft]   
ref]r$ to z ,russia7 has giv5 n less ?an
 #afj1jjj1jjj to univ]sities 9 ! ,unit$ 
,/ates4 ,! ,p's ,republic ( ,*9a        
7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z ,*9a7 alone has   
giv5 n less ?an #b1gjj1jjj1jjj to       

univ]sities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates dur+ !    
same "t frame4 ,fur!r1 dur+ t span1 !   
,/ate ( ,qat> 7h]e9aft] ref]r$ to z     
,qat>7 has giv5 n less ?an              
#e1jjj1jjj1jjj to univ]sities 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  7#i7 ,russia1 ,*9a1 & ,qat>   
ea* h repressive & deeply tr\bl+ records
 relat+ to human rights1 & all #c h     
engag$ 9 cyb] espionage t>get+          
individuals 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#aj7   
,russia1 ,*9a1 & ,qat> all pose grave   
?reats to ! national security int]e/s ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 yet ^? c\ntries h      
successfully lavi%$ billions ( doll>s to
 cultivate /rong ties ) in/itutions (   
high] education & rese>* across ! ,unit$
 ,/ates4  7#aa7 ,!re is also evid5ce    
sugge/+ t ,qat> enc\rag$1 & pot5tially  
facilitat$1 univ]sities 9 ! ,unit$      
,/ates receiv+ ! l>gess ( ,qat> to fl\t 
disclosure requirem5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates
 "u section #aag4  7#ab7 ,al?\gh ! ,c5t]
 = ,int]national ,policy conduct$ a /udy
 9 #bjbj t conclud$ t ?9k tanks focus$  
on ,f$]al policy receiv$ n less ?an     

#agd1jjj1jjj 9 fund+ f =eign gov]nm5tal 
entities betwe5 #bjad & #bjah1 !re is   
curr5tly no means to det]m9e ! actual   
level or ext5t ( =eign influ5ce on ^?   
?9k tanks4  7#ac7 ,:at is cle> is ! va/ 
am\nt ( =eign fund+ t ,unit$ ,/ates-bas$
 ?9k tanks receive1 & t su* =eign fund+ 
affects ! direction ( _! policy         
recomm5dations4  7#ad7 ,"o prom95t ?9k  
tank1 ! ,east,west ,in/itute1 receiv$   
sub/antial fund+ f ! ,p's ,lib]ation    
,army ( ,*9a1 :i* conducts cyb]         
espionage attacks1 includ+ aga9/        
individuals 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  7#ae7 ,!
 ,/imson ,c5t] work$ to significantly   
alt] ! ,homel& & ,cyb] ,?reat ,act      
7,h4,r4 #afjg1 #aag? ,congress1 z       
introduc$ on ,m>* #h1 #bjba7 7h]e9aft]  
ref]r$ to z ! ,,hact ,act74 ,! ,,hact   
,act1 :i* w\ld provide an exception to  
*apt] #ig ( title #bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates    
,code 7commonly kn[n z ! ,=eign         
,sov]eign ,immunities ,act ( #aigf71 to 
all[ ,unit$ ,/ates p]sons h>m$ by       
=eign-gov]nm5t sponsor$ cyb]attacks to  

br+ civil claims = damages4 ,! *anges   
advocat$ by ! ,/imson ,c5t] w\ld gut !  
bill & r5d] x completely ineffective 9  
hold+ =eign nations & _! ag5ts          
responsible = cyb]attacks on & 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates4  7#af7 ,"o ( ! ma9 s\rces
 ( ! fund+ ( ! ,/imson ,c5t] is ,qat>1 a
 major sponsor ( t]rorism worldwide & "o
 ( ! mo/ notori\s sponsors ( cyb]attacks
 aga9/ entities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9   
#bjai alone 7! la/ ye> = :i* public     
figures are available7 ! ,/imson ,c5t]  
receiv$ ov] #fjj1jjj 9 contributions f !
 gov]nm5t ( ,qat>4  7#ag7 ,! ,brook+s   
,in/itution has receiv$ at lea/         
#bb1jjj1jjj f ,qat> f #bjac ?r\gh #bjba1
 b ! exact am\nt has n be5 disclos$     
publicly4  7#ah7 ,!re is also           
significant conc]n 9 ,congress ab\t     
pot5tial contractual /ipulations ti$ to 
=eign fund+ t c\ld be lev]ag$ by =eign  
p[]s to ex]t ev5 great] influ5ce ov] !  
rese>* & policy recomm5dations ( ?9k    
tanks t ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & ! public 9 
! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld o!rwise believe to 

be indep5d5t4  7#ai7 ,9 a #bjjg         
,e/abli%m5t ,agreem5t betwe5 ! ,brook+s 
,in/itution & ! ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign        
,affairs ( ,qat>--:i* appe>s to h be5 9 
place 9 its orig9al =m ?r\gh ! end (    
#bjba--! ,doha bran* ( ! ,brook+s       
,in/itution1 call$ ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t]1
 0 effectively own$ & controll$ by !    
,emir ( ,qat>4 ,"u ! t]ms ( ! contract1 
! role ( ! ,brook+s ,in/itution 9 !     
,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] 0 limit$ to t ( a  
promot]4  7#bj7 ,z only reveal$ publicly
 9 ,june #bjbb1 ! ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] 0
 a sep>ate & di/9ct legal entity f !    
,brook+s ,in/itution1 specifically a    
,private ,f\ndation = ! ,public ,b5efit1
 ! same incorporation /atus z ! propag&a
 arm ( ,qat>1 ,al ,jaze]a4  7#ba7       
,pursuant to ! #bjjg ,e/abli%m5t        
,agreem5t1 ! ,director ( ! ,brook+s     
,doha ,c5t] 0 requir$ to report directly
 to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs ( ,qat>1
 includ+ to engage 9 regul> consultation
 4 4 4 reg>d+ ! developm5t & ongo+      
op]ations & = prior approval ( programs 

t w be develop$ by ! ,brook+s ,doha     
,c5t]44  7#bb7 ,! ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] 0
 r5am$ ! ,middle ,ea/ ,c\ncil on ,global
 ,affairs1 & evid5ce indicates t !      
,middle ,ea/ ,c\ncil on ,global ,affairs
 is n[ entirely "u ! control ( ! ,qat>i 
,gov]nm5t4 ,accord+ to a ,janu>y #bjbb  
am5dm5t to ! #bjjg articles (           
incorporation ( ! ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t]1 
! ,brook+s ,in/itution c$$ ! promot]    
role = ,brook+s ,doha ,c5t] to a s5ior  
employee ( ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs (  
,qat>1 ,maj$ ,al-,ans>i4 ,?is am5dm5t   
also call$ on ! ,middle ,ea/ ,c\ncil on 
,global ,affairs to assume control (    
intellectual prop]ty rights t _h be5 "u 
! ,brook+s ,in/itution br&1 includ+ !   
cont5t f & foll[]s ( ! ,brookings,doha  
,twitt] acc\nt4  7#bc7 ,congress        
curr5tly is unable to det]m9e :at o!r   
agreem5ts t ! ,brook+s ,in/itution or   
o!r influ5tial ?9k tanks h ) =eign      
gov]nm5tal entities1 a void :i* has     
already be5 exploit$ by at lea/ ,qat> 9 
obta9+ prior approval ( budgets & rese>*

 projects conduct$ "u ! br&+ ( !        
,brook+s ,in/itution & ! ,brook+s ,doha 
,c5t] 9 ! a=em5tion$ #bjjg contract1 or 
! transf]5ce ( valuable intellectual    
prop]ty to ! ,qat>i ,gov]nm5t pursuant  
to ! #bjbb am5dm5t to ! articles (      
incorporation ( ! ,middle ,ea/ ,c\ncil  
on ,global ,affairs4  7#bd7 ,!re is     
broad bip>tisan agreem5t t undue =eign  
influ5ce obscur$ ?r\gh ! use (          
proxies--or hidd5 by ! p[]ful br& ( a   
highly respect$ ?9k tank--?reat5s !     
national security int]e/s ( ! ,unit$    
,/ates4 ,!re is also broad agreem5t t   
transp>5cy is ! mo/ important &         
effective tool = r$uc+ ! h>m ( =eign    
influ5ce t>get+ ,unit$ ,/ates public    
policy or public op9ion4  7#be7 ,z su*1 
?is bill aims to provide critical       
transp>5cy reg>d+ ! =eign fund+ provid$ 
to1 & ! relat$ contractual agreem5ts )1 
?9k tanks ^: "w includes influ5c+ ,unit$
 ,/ates policies or public op9ion4  #c4 
,contemporane\s disclosure reports  7a7 
,report+ conditions  7#a7 ,gifts1       

donations1 or contributions  7,a7 ,9    
g5]al ,except z provid$ 9 section #f1 a 
cov]$ entity t receives a gift1         
donation1 or contribution f a =eign     
pr9cipal dur+ a cal5d> ye> 9 an         
aggregate am\nt ( #aj1jjj or great] %all
 file a disclosure report ) ! ,attorney 
,g5]al 9 accordance ) subsection 7b7 n  
lat] ?an #ij days aft] ea* disclosure   
date4  7,b7 ,disclosure date def9$ ,9   
?is p>agraph1 ! t]m disclosure date     
means-- 7i7 ! fir/ date dur+ any cal5d> 
ye> by :i* a cov]$ entity has receiv$ a 
gift1 donation1 or contribution f a     
=eign pr9cipal 9 an aggregate am\nt (   
#aj1jjj or great]2 &  7ii7 any o!r date 
dur+ su* cal5d> ye> by :i* a cov]$      
entity has receiv$ a gift1 donation1 or 
contribution f a =eign pr9cipal 9 an    
aggregate am\nt ( #aj1jjj or great] s9ce
 ! mo/ rec5t disclosure date = su*      
cal5d> ye>4  7#b7 ,contract1 memor&um ( 
und]/&+1 or agreem5t ,except z provid$ 9
 section #f1 a cov]$ entity t ent]s into
 or modifies a contract1 memor&um (     

und]/&+1 or agreem5t ) a =eign pr9cipal 
%all file a disclosure report ) !       
,attorney ,g5]al 9 accordance )         
subsection 7b7 )9 #ij days ( ! ent]+    
into or modification ( su* contract1    
memor&um1 or agreem5t4  7b7 ,cont5ts (  
contemporane\s disclosure report  7#a7  
,gifts1 donations1 or contributions only
 ,! report requir$ "u subsection 7a77#a7
 %all detail ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! id5tities
 ( ! =eign pr9cipal & ! prim>y po9t (   
contact ( ! =eign pr9cipal = engag+ ) ! 
cov]$ entity1 includ+ ! "n & title ( su*
 po9t ( contact4  7,b7 ,! date on :i* ! 
=eign pr9cipal provid$ a gift1 donation1
 or contribution to ! cov]$ entity4     
7,c7 ,! aggregate doll> am\nt ( su*     
gift1 donation1 or contribution         
attributable to a p>ticul> =eign        
pr9cipal4  7,d7 ,a description ( any    
conditions or re/rictions reg>d+ any ( !
 disclos$ gifts1 donations1 or          
contributions4  7,e7 ,! aggregate am\nt 
( su* gifts1 donations1 or contributions
 receiv$ f ea* =eign pr9cipal4  7,f7 ,a 

description ( any decisions made because
 ( ! =eign pr9cipal to ! /ructure ( !   
organization or to ! rese>*1 programs1  
or cont5t int5d$ to be or actually      
publi%$1 dissem9at$1 or promot$ by !    
cov]$ entity4  7#b7 ,contract1 memor&um 
( und]/&+1 or agreem5t only ,! report   
requir$ "u subsection 7a77#b7 %all      
detail ! foll[+3 7,a7 ,! id5tities ( !  
=eign pr9cipal & ! prim>y po9t ( contact
 ( ! =eign pr9cipal = engag+ ) ! cov]$  
entity1 includ+ ! "n & title ( su* po9t 
( contact4  7,b7 ,! date on :i* ! cov]$ 
entity ent]$ into or modifi$ a contract1
 memor&um ( und]/&+1 or agreem5t ) a    
=eign pr9cipal4  7,c7 ,copies ( all     
writt5 contracts1 agreem5ts1 or memor&a 
( und]/&+ ! cov]$ entity ent]$ into or  
modifi$ ) any =eign pr9cipal4  7,d7     
,copies ( all int]nal & ext]nal         
docum5ts1 rese>* mat]ials1 &            
publications produc$ z a result ( !     
contract1 memor&um ( und]/&+1 or        
agreem5t4  7,e7 ,a description ( any    
decisions made because ( ! =eign        

pr9cipal to ! /ructure ( ! organization 
or to ! rese>*1 programs1 or cont5t     
int5d$ to be or actually publi%$1       
dissem9at$1 or promot$ by ! cov]$       
entity4  #d4 ,initial disclosure reports
  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,a cov]$ entity %all file
 an initial disclosure report1 9        
accordance ) subsection 7b7 or 7c71 ) ! 
,attorney ,g5]al n lat] ?an #ahj days   
aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act if1   
dur+ ! p]iod beg9n+ on ,janu>y #a ( !   
mo/ rec5t cal5d> ye> t end$ be=e ! date 
( enactm5t ( ?is ,act & end+ on !       
effective date ( ?is ,act-- 7#a7 ! cov]$
 entity receiv$ a gift1 donation1 or    
contribution f a =eign pr9cipal 9 an    
aggregate am\nt ( #aj1jjj or great]2    
7#b7 ! cov]$ entity ent]$ into or       
modifi$ a contract1 memor&um ( und]/&+1 
or agreem5t ) a =eign pr9cipal2 or  7#c7
 ! cov]$ entity _h previ\sly ent]$ into 
a contract1 agreem5t1 or memor&um (     
und]/&+ ) a =eign pr9cipal t 0 /ill     
valid or en=ceable on or aft] ,janu>y #a
 ( ! mo/ rec5t cal5d> ye> t end$ be=e ! 

date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7b7 ,prior 
gifts1 donations1 or contributions ,!   
report requir$ "u subsection 7a77#a7    
%all detail ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,! "n ( !    
=eign pr9cipal4  7#b7 ,! c\ntry (       
citiz5%ip ( ! =eign pr9cipal4  7#c7 ,!  
am\nt & date ( su* gifts1 donations1 or 
contributions4  7#d7 ,! description (   
any conditions or re/rictions atta*$ to1
 or plac$ on1 ! gifts1 donations1 or    
contributions4  7#e7 ,a description (   
any decisions made because ( ! =eign    
pr9cipal to ! /ructure ( ! organization 
or to ! rese>*1 programs1 or cont5t     
int5d$ to be or actually publi%$1       
dissem9at$1 or promot$ by ! cov]$       
entity4  7c7 ,contract1 memor&um (      
und]/&+1 or agreem5t ,! report requir$  
"u subsection 7a77#b7 %all detail !     
foll[+3 7#a7 ,! "n ( ! =eign pr9cipal4  
7#b7 ,! c\ntry ( citiz5%ip ( ! =eign    
pr9cipal4  7#c7 ,copies ( ea* writt5    
contract1 memor&um ( und]/&+1 or        
agreem5t4  7#d7 ,any modification ( ea* 
su* writt5 contract1 memor&um1 or       

agreem5t4  7#e7 ,! t]ms & conditions (  
ea* oral agreem5t4  7#f7 ,any           
modification ( ea* su* oral agreem5t4   
7#g7 ,a compreh5sive /atem5t (-- 7,a7 ! 
nature & me?od ( p]=mance ( ea* item    
describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#c7 ?r\gh 7#f72 & 
7,b7 ! actions tak5 by ! cov]$ entity at
 ! reque/ or sugge/ion ( ea* su* =eign  
pr9cipal4  7#h7 ,a description ( any    
decisions made because ( ! =eign        
pr9cipal to ! /ructure ( ! organization 
or to ! rese>*1 programs1 or cont5t     
int5d$ to be or actually publi%$1       
dissem9at$1 or promot$ by ! cov]$       
entity4  #e4 ,brief+s1 te/imony1 or     
simil> =ms ( pres5tation ( rese>*  7a7  
,label+ ( writt5 mat]ials ,if a cov]$   
entity provides a brief+1 te/imony1 or  
simil> =m ( pres5tation ( rese>* to a   
memb] or employee ( ,congress1 or to an 
executive bran* (ficial1 ! cov]$ entity 
%all id5tify prom95tly on any writt5    
mat]ials provid$ to ! memb] or employee 
( ,congress1 or to ! executive bran*    
(ficial1 ! "n ( ! relevant =eign        

pr9cipal & ! c\ntry ( citiz5%ip1 if !   
=eign pr9cipal is n a gov]nm5t1 :o      
provid$ fund+ = su* brief+1 te/imony1 or
 simil> =m ( pres5tation ( rese>*4  7b7 
,add5dum to brief+1 te/imony1           
pres5tation ,9 ! ev5t t no writt5       
mat]ials are provid$ 9 a brief+1        
te/imony1 or simil> =m ( pres5tation (  
rese>* describ$ 9 subsection 7a71 !     
cov]$ entity %all convey ! in=mation    
requir$ "u subsection 7a7 9 writ+ to !  
memb] or employee ( ,congress1 or       
executive bran* (ficial1 be=e or n lat] 
?an #aj days aft] ! date ( ! brief+1    
te/imony1 or pres5tation4  #f4 ,relation
 to ,o!r ,report+ ,requirem5ts  7a7     
,/ate reports  7#a7 ,requirem5ts ( a    
cov]$ entity ,if a cov]$ entity has its 
headqu>t]s 9 a ,/ate t has enact$       
requirem5ts = public disclosure ( gifts1
 donations1 or contributions f1 or      
contracts or agreem5ts )1 a =eign       
pr9cipal t are sub/antially simil> to ! 
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 a copy ( !      
disclosure report fil$ ) t ,/ate may be 

fil$ ) ! ,attorney ,g5]al 9 lieu ( a    
report requir$ "u ?is ,act4  7#b7       
,requirem5ts ( ! ,/ate ,! ,/ate 9 :i* a 
cov]$ entity has its headqu>t]s %all    
provide to ! ,attorney ,g5]al su*       
assurances z ! ,attorney ,g5]al may     
require to e/abli% t ! cov]$ entity has 
met ! requirem5ts = public disclosure "u
 ,/ate law if ! ,/ate-m&at$ disclosure  
report is fil$4  7b7 ,f$]al reports ,if 
a cov]$ entity receives a gift1         
donation1 or contribution f1 or ent]s   
into a contract or agreem5t )1 a =eign  
pr9cipal1 & if any o!r dep>tm5t1 ag5cy1 
or bureau ( ! executive bran* requires a
 report conta9+ requirem5ts sub/antially
 simil> to ^? requir$ "u ?is ,act1 a    
copy ( ! report may be fil$ ) !         
,attorney ,g5]al 9 lieu ( a report      
requir$ "u ?is ,act4  #g4 ,adm9i/ration 
& ,en=cem5t  7a7 ,books & records  7#a7 
,ret5tion p]iod ,= a p]iod ( n less ?an 
#e ye>s1 a cov]$ entity %all reta9 !    
necess>y mat]ials requir$ to comply ) ! 
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 includ+ books ( 

acc\nt1 all communications ) any =eign  
pr9cipal1 & o!r records reg>d+ !        
activities ( ! cov]$ entity relat$ to   
any contracts1 memor&um ( und]/&+s1 or  
agreem5ts )1 or gifts1 donations1 or    
contributions f1 a =eign pr9cipal4  7#b7
 ,inspection  7,a7 ,attorney ,g5]al ,^u 
reque/ ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al1 ea* cov]$  
entity %all furni% to ! ,attorney ,g5]al
 all in=mation & records 9 ! possession 
( ! cov]$ entity t ! ,attorney ,g5]al   
may det]m9e to be necess>y to comply ) !
 requirem5ts "u ?is ,act4  7,b7         
,congress ,^u reque/ ( ,congress or a   
committee ( ,congress1 a cov]$ entity   
%all furni% to ,congress or ! relevant  
committee ( ,congress su* in=mation &   
records z ,congress or ! relevant       
committee ( ,congress may reque/ to     
det]m9e ! ext5t to :i* ! cov]$ entity is
 9 compliance ) ! requirem5ts ( ?is     
,act4  7#c7 ,publication ,any in=mation 
or records furni%$ pursuant to p>agraph 
7#b77;,a7 %all be made available 9 !    
database requir$ "u subsection 7b74     

7#d7 ,prohibition ,x %all be unlawful = 
any p]son willfully to conceal1 de/roy1 
oblit]ate1 mutilate1 or falsify1 or to  
attempt to conceal1 de/roy1 oblit]ate1  
mutilate1 or falsify1 or to cause to be 
conceal$1 de/roy$1 oblit]at$1 mutilat$1 
or falsifi$1 any books or records       
requir$ to be kept "u ! provisions ( ?is
 section4  7b7 ,publication ,all        
disclosure reports requir$ by ?is ,act &
 ! in=mation & records requir$ to be    
furni%$ pursuant to subsection          
7a77#b77;,a7 %all be made available to !
 public ?r\gh a database ma9ta9$ on !   
(ficial website ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice4
  7c7 ,civil monet>y p5alty ,any cov]$  
entity t fails to comply ) ! requirem5ts
 ( ?is ,act1 includ+ any rule or        
regulation promulgat$ !reund]1 %all be  
subject1 9 addition to any o!r p5alties 
t may be prescrib$ by law1 to a civil   
money p5alty ( n less ?an #a1jjj = ea*  
day ( ! failure describ$ by ?is         
,act--dur+ :i* ! cov]$ entity is 9      
violation ( ?is ,act4  7d7 ,civil action

  7#a7 ,c\rt ord]s ,:5ev] x appe>s t a  
cov]$ entity has fail$ to comply ) !    
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 includ+ any rule
 or regulation promulgat$ "u ?is ,act1 a
 civil action may be br\ght by !        
,attorney ,g5]al 9 an appropriate       
di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or !    
appropriate ,unit$ ,/ates c\rt ( any    
t]ritory or o!r place subject to !      
jurisdiction ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to      
reque/ su* c\rt to compel compliance ) !
 requirem5ts ( ?is ,act4  7#b7 ,co/s ,= 
kn[+ or willful failure to comply ) !   
requirem5ts ( ?is ,act1 includ+ any rule
 or regulation promulgat$ !reund]1 a    
cov]$ entity %all pay to ! ,treasury ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates ! full co/s to ! ,unit$  
,/ates ( obta9+ compliance1 includ+ all 
associat$ co/s ( inve/igation &         
en=cem5t4  7e7 ,regulations ,! ,attorney
 ,g5]al may promulgate su* regulations z
 ! ,attorney ,g5]al consid]s necess>y to
 implem5t ! requirem5ts ( ?is ,act4  #h4
 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,conduct 
int5d+ to directly or indirectly        

influ5ce public policy or public op9ion 
,! t]m conduct int5d+ to directly or    
indirectly to influ5ce public policy or 
public op9ion means1 ) respect to a     
cov]$ entity1 any activity t ! cov]$    
entity engag+ 9 believes w1 or t ! cov]$
 entity int5ds to1 9 any way influ5ce   
any ag5cy or (ficial ( ! ,gov]nm5t ( !  
,unit$ ,/ates1 or any section ( ! public
 )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) respect to-- 7,a7
 =mulat+1 adopt+1 or *ang+ ! dome/ic or 
=eign policies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or    
7,b7 ! political or public int]e/s1     
policies1 or relations ( a gov]nm5t ( a 
=eign c\ntry or a =eign political p>ty4 
7#b7 ,contract ,! t]m contract means any
 agreem5t = ! acquisition by pur*ase1   
lease1 or b>t] ( prop]ty or s]vices by !
 =eign pr9cipal1 = ! direct b5efit or   
use ( ei!r ( ! p>ties4  7#c7 ,c\ntry (  
citiz5%ip ,! t]m c\ntry ( citiz5%ip1 )  
respect to a =eign pr9cipal1 includes-- 
7,a7 ! pr9cipal resid5ce = a =eign      
pr9cipal :o is a natural p]son2 or  7,b7
 ! c\ntry ( incorporation or ! pr9cipal 

place ( bus9ess = a =eign pr9cipal :i*  
is a legal entity4  7#d7 ,cov]$ entity  
,! t]m cov]$ entity-- 7,a7 means a      
nonpr(it organization or a n-=-pr(it    
social welf>e organization t-- 7i7 sp5ds
 m ?an #bj p]c5t ( ! res\rces ( !       
organization )9 any giv5 cal5d> ye> on  
conduct int5d+ to directly or indirectly
 influ5ce public policy or public       
op9ion2 or  7ii7 is affiliat$ )1 or is a
 subunit1 ( an in/itution1 z def9$ 9    
section #aag ( ! ,high] ,education ,act 
( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaa;f71 t is   
subject to t section & t-- 7,i7 engages 
9 or publi%es sub/antial policy-relat$  
rese>* or s*ol>%ip2 or  7,,ii7 ho/s1    
sponsors1 or o!rwise promotes annual1 or
 on a m frequ5t basis1 ev5ts featur+    
report]s1 j\rnali/s1 or ,unit$ ,/ates or
 =eign gov]nm5t (ficials2 &  7,b7       
excludes-- 7i7 an in/itution1 z def9$ 9 
section #aag ( ! ,high] ,education ,act 
( #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajaa;f71 t is   
subject to t section2 &  7ii7 an entity 
organiz$ & op]at$ exclusively = religi\s

 purposes4  7#e7 ,=eign pr9cipal ,! t]m 
=eign pr9cipal includes-- 7,a7 a        
gov]nm5t ( a =eign c\ntry or a =eign    
political p>ty2  7,b7 a p]son outside ( 
! ,unit$ ,/ates1 unless x is e/abli%$   
t-- 7i7 ! p]son is an individual & a    
citiz5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 or  7ii7 !    
p]son-- 7,i7 is n an individual & is    
organiz$ "u or creat$ by ! laws ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates or ( any ,/ate or o!r     
place subject to ! jurisdiction ( !     
,unit$ ,/ates2 &  7,,ii7 has its        
pr9cipal place ( bus9ess )9 ! ,unit$    
,/ates2 &  7,c7 a p>tn]%ip1 association1
 corporation1 organization1 or o!r      
comb9ation ( p]sons organiz$ "u ! laws (
 or hav+ its pr9cipal place ( bus9ess 9 
a =eign c\ntry4  7#f7 ,gift1 donation1  
or contribution ,! t]m gift1 donation1  
or contribution means any gift ( money1 
prop]ty1 or 9-k9d contribution giv5     
directly or indirectly to a cov]$ entity
 by a =eign pr9cipal4  7#g7 ,n-=-pr(it  
social welf>e organization ,! t]m       
n-=-pr(it social welf>e organization    

means an organization describ$ 9 section
 #eja7;c77#d7 ( ! ,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code
 ( #aihf & exempt f tax "u section      
#eja7;a7 ( su* ,code4  7#h7 ,nonpr(it   
organization ,! t]m nonpr(it            
organization means an organization      
describ$ 9 section #eja7;c77#c7 ( !     
,int]nal ,rev5ue ,code ( #aihf & exempt 
f tax "u section #eja7;a7 ( su* ,code4  
7#i7 ,re/rict$ or conditional gift or   
contract ,! t]m re/rict$ or conditional 
gift or contract means any end[m5t1     
gift1 grant1 contract1 aw>d1 pres5t1 or 
prop]ty ( any k9d t includes provisions 
reg>d+-- 7,a7 ! employm5t1 assignm5t1   
comp5sation1 or t]m9ation ( rese>*]s1   
s*ol>s1 or exp]ts2  7,b7 ! e>m>k+ (     
funds = dep>tm5ts1 c5t]s1 rese>* or     
lecture programs1 or new positions =    
rese>*]s1 s*ol>s1 or exp]ts2  7,c7 !    
subject matt]1 nature1 or cont5ts (     
rese>*1 analysis or any in=mation       
publi%$ or dissem9at$ to (ficials ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 ! m$ia1 
or ! public2 or  7,d7 any o!r condition 

or expectation reg>d+ ei!r ! ability ( !
 =eign pr9cipal to review 9 advance1    
approve1 veto1 or modify budgets1       
programs1 ev5ts1 or pres5tations1 or !  
cont5ts ( in=mation or mat]ials to be   
publi%$ or dissem9at$4  #i4 ,effective  
date ,?is ,act %all take effect on !    
date t is #abj days aft] ! date (       
enactm5t ( ?is ,act4