,,ii #aagth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #deaj ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,july #ab1 #bjbb,ms4 ,duckworth introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,environment and ,public ,works ,a ,,bill ,to protect clean air and public health by expanding fenceline and ambient air monitoring and access to air quality information for communities affected by air pollution1 to require hazardous air pollutant monitoring at the fenceline of facilities whose emissions are linked to local health threats1 to ensure the ,environmental ,protection ,agency promulgates rules that require hazardous air pollutant data measurement and electronic submission at fencelines and stacks of industrial source categories1 to expand and strengthen the national ambient air quality monitoring network1 to deploy air sensors in communities affected by air pollution1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,public ,health ,air ,quality ,act of #bjbb4 #b4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,administrator ,the term ,administrator means the ,administrator of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7#b7 ,accidental release ,the term accidental release has the meaning given the term in section #aab7r77#b7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77#b774 7#c7 ,area source2 existing source2 hazardous air pollutant2 major source2 new source2 stationary source ,except as otherwise provided1 the terms area source1 existing source1 hazardous air pollutant1 major source1 new source1 and stationary source have the meanings given the terms in section #aab7;a7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7;a774 7#d7 ,emissions measurement system ,the term emissions measurement system means a set of monitors1 testing equipment1 tools1 and processes employed at a facility to measure emissions from direct and fugitive points at a source or facility or at the source's or facility's fenceline that employs ,environmental ,protection ,agency-approved or promulgated test methods for all measured pollutants for which a method is available4 7#e7 ,federal equivalent method2 ,federal reference method ,the terms ,federal equivalent method and ,federal reference method have the meanings given to such terms in section #ec4a of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7or to the same or substantially similar terms in successor regulations74 7#f7 ,method #cbe;,a ,the term ,method #cbe;,a means the most current version of the test method #cbe;,a published by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7#g7 ,method #cbe;,b ,the term ,method #cbe;,b means the most current version of the test method #cbe;,b published by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7#h7 ,method ,,to-#ae;,a ,the term ,method ,,to-#ae;,a means the most current version of the test method ,,to-#ae 7including ,,to-#ae;,a7 published by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency4 7#i7 ,national ambient air quality standard ,the term national ambient air quality standard means a national ambient air quality standard established under section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji74 7#aj7 ,n,core2 ,,slams ,the terms ,n,core and ,,slams have the meaning given those terms in section #eh4a of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act74 7#aa7 ,real-time ,the term real-time means the actual or near actual time during which pollutant levels occur at or near the property boundary of a facility or in a nearby community4 7#ab7 ,source ,the term source means a source as such term is used in the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdja et seq474 #c4 ,health emergency air toxics monitoring network 7a7 ,monitoring 7#a7 ,in general 7,a7 ,program ,the ,administrator shall carry out a program to administer or conduct1 pursuant to authority provided under the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdja et seq471 including sections #ajc and #aad of that ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdjc1 #gdad71 emissions measurement and quantification1 including the best available form of fenceline monitoring of stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants that are on the list developed under subsection 7c71 including through expansion of the ,national ,air ,toxics ,trends ,station network or through creating a new network1 as appropriate4 7,b7 ,timing ,the ,administrator shall begin implementation of the program under subparagraph 7,a7 not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act4 7#b7 ,monitoring period 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall maintain the monitoring required under paragraph 7#a7 for a period of not less than #f years after the date on which the monitoring required under that paragraph is first carried out4 7,b7 ,subsequent monitoring ,after the #f-year period described in subparagraph 7,a71 the ,administrator shall maintain the emissions measurement and quantification program under paragraph 7#a71 consistent with this section1 through-- 7i7 maintaining monitors at all or some sources under the program under paragraph 7#a72 and 7ii7 adding or moving monitors under the program under paragraph 7#a7 to additional sources1 following the process for substitution of sources in subsection 7g74 7,c7 ,shortened period ,if the ,administrator determines that #f years of monitoring1 as required by subparagraph 7,a71 is not necessary to protect public health or assure compliance at the source or the facility involved1 the ,administrator may decrease or end the monitoring after at least #c years of monitoring has occurred4 7,d7 ,additional inspections and testing ,in addition to fenceline monitoring under the program under this subsection1 the ,administrator shall use the ,administrator's full authority to inspect and require emission testing at sources at or inside the facility involved to the extent necessary to identify and address the emissions crossing the fenceline4 7b7 ,publication of results 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall publish and maintain the plans for and the results of all measurements1 including fenceline monitoring1 conducted under the program under subsection 7a77#a7 on the website of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency-- 7,a7 in a highly accessible format2 7,b7 in multiple languages2 and 7,c7 for a period of at least #f years4 7#b7 ,immediate availability ,the ,administrator shall ensure that the monitoring data described in paragraph 7#a7 is made publicly available under that paragraph as expeditiously as practicable1 and not later than #g days after electronic submission1 which shall be not later than one month after the date of collection of such data4 7c7 ,list of sources 7#a7 ,development 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall publish1 after public notice and comment1 a list of stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants that1 subject to subparagraph 7,b71 includes-- 7i7 at least #de of the sources listed-- 7,i7 as high-priority facilities in ,appendix ,a of the report of the ,office of ,inspector ,general of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency numbered #bj-,n-#jabh and dated ,march #ca1 #bjbj2 or 7,,ii7 as contributing to high cancer risk at the census block level in ,appendix ,c of the report of the ,office of ,inspector ,general of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency numbered #ba-,p-#jabi and dated ,may #f1 #bjba2 and 7ii7 at least #ee other major sources or area sources that meet the criteria described in paragraph 7#b74 7,b7 ,substitution 7i7 ,in general ,if the ,administrator determines that a source described in subparagraph 7,a77i7 no longer contributes to high health risks or impacts1 the ,administrator shall-- 7,i7 cease to include that source in the list under subparagraph 7,a72 and 7,,ii7 include instead an additional major source or area source described in subparagraph 7,a77ii7 to ensure that the list under subparagraph 7,a7 includes not less than #ajj high-priority sources4 7ii7 ,description of reasons ,the ,administrator shall publish in the ,federal ,register-- 7,i7 any determination to make a substitution under clause 7i72 and 7,,ii7 an explanation of the reasons for any such determination demonstrating1 based on monitoring data or other reliable information1 that the substitution is likely to ensure that monitoring under this section occurs at the sources causing or contributing to the highest potential health risks or other impacts from hazardous air pollution4 7iii7 ,requirement ,the ,administrator may include an additional major source or area source under clause 7i77,,ii7 only if the ,administrator determines that the source is1 or is likely to be1 contributing local health risks or impacts that are equivalent to1 or greater than1 those of the source for which the new source is being substituted4 7#b7 ,criteria ,the ,administrator may include a major source or area source described in clause 7ii7 of paragraph 7#a77;,a7 on the list described in that paragraph only if the source-- 7,a7 emits at least #a of the pollutants described in paragraph 7#c72 7,b7 is-- 7i7 located in1 or within #c miles of1 a census tract with-- 7,i7 a cancer risk of at least #ajj-;in-#a1jjj1jjj2 or 7,,ii7 a chronic non-cancer hazard index that is greater than #a2 or 7ii7 in a source category with-- 7,i7 a cancer risk that is at least #ej-;in-#a1jjj1jjj for the individual most exposed to emissions from the source category2 7,,ii7 a total organ-specific hazard index for chronic non-cancer risk that is greater than #a2 or 7,,iii7 an acute risk hazard quotient that is greater than #a2 and 7,c7 7i7 is classified in #a or more of ,north ,american ,industry ,classification ,system codes #cbb1 #cbd1 #cbe1 #cbf1 #cca1 #ccb1 #cci1 #dbd1 and #efb2 7ii7 7,i7 is required to prepare and implement a risk management plan pursuant to section #aab7r7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r772 and 7,,ii7 has had an accidental release required to be reported during the previous #e-year period pursuant to sections #fh4db and #fh4aie of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act72 or 7iii7 is determined by the ,administrator to be a high-priority source or facility for emissions measurement because the emissions of the source or facility are causing or contributing to1 or have the potential to cause or contribute to1 serious health risks or impacts4 7#c7 ,pollutants ,the pollutants described in this paragraph are-- 7,a7 ethylene oxide1 ,,cas #gebah2 7,b7 chloroprene1 ,,cas #abfiih2 7,c7 benzene1 ,,cas #gadcb2 7,d7 #a1c-;butadiene1 ,,cas #ajfiij2 7,e7 formaldehyde1 ,,cas #ejjjj2 7,f7 acetaldehyde1 ,,cas #gejgj2 7,g7 lead compounds2 7,h7 arsenic compounds2 7,i7 cadmium compounds2 7,j7 nickel compounds2 7,k7 manganese compounds2 7,l7 any other hazardous air pollutant included in the list described in section #aab7;b7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7;b77 that the ,administrator determines1 after public notice and comment1 the emissions of which-- 7i7 are1 or may be contributing to1 serious health risks2 and 7ii7 warrant emissions quantification and measurement2 and 7,m7 any pollutant that is a precursor to atmospheric photochemical production of any other pollutant on such list4 7#d7 ,use of risk assessments ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 use-- 7i7 the ,environmental ,protection ,agency's latest evaluations and methods of compiling and evaluating information about risks from air toxics1 or the most recent ,air ,toxics ,screening ,assessment or other current evaluation or report by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency providing similar information about cancer and noncancer risks from hazardous air pollution based on measured or modeled emissions2 7ii7 the ,risk-,screening ,environmental ,indicators model of the ,administrator2 7iii7 a prior health risk assessment that was performed by the ,administrator for the applicable source or source category2 or 7iv7 a new health risk assessment performed by the ,administrator that-- 7,i7 follows the best available science 7including the most recent guidance from the ,national ,academy of ,sciences72 and 7,,ii7 considers1 to the greatest extent practicable1 with respect to the applicable source or facility-- 7aa7 cumulative risks and impacts2 7bb7 increased vulnerability that results from socioeconomic disparities2 7cc7 multiple source exposure2 and 7dd7 exposure in utero1 in childhood1 and through the age of #he2 and 7,b7 consider-- 7i7 the most recent emission tests available to the ,administrator or received by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency in public comment2 and 7ii7 any fenceline or ambient monitoring data for which an ,environmental ,protection ,agency-approved data quality check has been performed4 7d7 ,methods and technologies 7#a7 ,in general ,except as provided in paragraph 7#c71 in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall1 for each stationary source on the list published under subsection 7c77#a71 employ an emissions measurement system to monitor the pollutants described in subsection 7c77#c7 emitted by the stationary source1 including at least-- 7,a7 the most current ,environmental ,protection ,agency-approved or promulgated emission test or monitoring method1 including ,methods #cbe;,a1 #cbe;,b1 and ,,to-#ae or the most current and best available version of such methods approved or promulgated by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency2 or 7,b7 for each stationary source described in paragraph 7#b71 the best available method for continuous1 real-time measurement of air pollutant concentrations4 7#b7 ,stationary sources described ,a stationary source referred to in paragraph 7#a77;,b7 is-- 7,a7 not less than each of the #bj stationary sources on the list published under subsection 7c77#a7 that-- 7i7 emits the greatest volume of pollutants described in subsection 7c77#c72 or 7ii7 causes the greatest health risk1 based on the emissions of the pollutants described in subsection 7c77#c7 individually1 as a group1 or cumulatively1 based on-- 7,i7 7aa7 the ,environmental ,protection ,agency's latest evaluations and methods of compiling and evaluating information about risks from air toxics1 or the most recent ,air ,toxics ,screening ,assessment or other current evaluation or report by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency providing similar information about cancer and noncancer risks from hazardous air pollution based on measured or modeled emissions2 7bb7 the ,risk-,screening ,environmental ,indicators model of the ,administrator2 7cc7 a prior health risk assessment that was performed by the ,administrator for the applicable source or source category2 or 7dd7 a new health risk assessment performed by the ,administrator that-- 7,,aa7 follows the best available science 7including the most recent guidance from the ,national ,academy of ,sciences72 and 7,,bb7 considers1 to the greatest extent practicable1 with respect to the applicable source or facility1 cumulative risks and impacts1 increased vulnerability that results from socioeconomic disparities1 multiple source exposure1 and exposure in utero1 in childhood1 and through the age of #he2 and 7,,ii7 the most recent emission tests available to the ,environmental ,protection ,agency or received in public comment1 and any fenceline or ambient monitoring data for which an ,environmental ,protection ,agency-approved data quality check has been performed2 and 7,b7 any other stationary source on the list published under subsection 7c77#a7 that is regulated under section #aab7r77#g7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77#g77 and has had an accidental release or incident that is required to be reported during the previous #e-year period under such section #aab7r77#g7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77#g772 and 7,c7 any other stationary source on the list published under subsection 7c77#a7 for which application of the methods described in subparagraph 7,a7 alone will not be sufficient to monitor and report the pollutants described in subsection 7c77#c7 that are emitted by that stationary source4 7#c7 ,updates 7,a7 ,approved or promulgated methods ,the ,administrator shall-- 7i7 not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 review and1 after public notice and comment1 update each approved or promulgated test method described in this section to add as many of the pollutants described in subsection 7c77#c7 as possible2 and 7ii7 otherwise strengthen the test methods described in clause 7i7 to support effective hazardous air pollutant measurement and the full implementation of this ,act4 7,b7 ,new test methods 7i7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall approve or promulgate1 as applicable1 any new test methods that are necessary to ensure effective fenceline monitoring of all pollutants and sources described in this section1 including-- 7,i7 at least #a method that represents the best and most accurate form of continuous1 real-time fenceline monitoring2 and 7,,ii7 at least #a method that represents the best and most accurate form of multimetal monitoring4 7ii7 ,updates required ,not less frequently than once every #aj years1 the ,administrator shall review and1 if necessary1 after public notice and comment1 strengthen or add new test methods that meet the requirements under clause 7i71 which shall be based on-- 7,i7 the best available monitoring technologies2 and 7,,ii7 the advice of staff of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency responsible for enforcement of this ,act and other monitoring experts4 7e7 ,monitor placement and maintenance 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall1 after public notice and comment1 place and maintain1 or ensure placement and regular maintenance of1 all monitors required under this section to ensure effective and reliable emissions measurement pursuant to this section4 7#b7 ,maintenance check ,the maintenance required under paragraph 7#a7 shall include a maintenance check of the monitor not less frequently than once every #ahj days1 unless-- 7,a7 the test method used by the monitor requires a maintenance check more frequently2 or 7,b7 a maintenance check is requested by a member of the public4 7#c7 ,public input ,the ,administrator shall1 after public notice and comment1 create a process for the public-- 7,a7 to track the maintenance of monitors under this subsection2 and 7,b7 request a maintenance check of a monitor4 7f7 ,report ,not later than #f years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and not less frequently than every #f years thereafter1 the ,administrator shall submit to the ,congress and post publicly on the website of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency a report describing the results of the program carried out under subsection 7a71 which shall include-- 7#a7 the results of emissions measurement implemented under that program2 7#b7 any actions of the ,administrator taken based on that emissions measurement data or program2 and 7#c7 whether the ,administrator proposes-- 7,a7 to continue emissions measurements at any or all of the stationary sources on the list published under subsection 7c77#a72 or 7,b7 to implement emissions measurements of any additional stationary sources as determined under subsection 7g74 7g7 ,determination regarding additional sources ,not later than #f years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and not less frequently than every #f years thereafter1 the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 after public notice and comment1 make a determination of whether to add or remove sources to the list published under subsection 7c77#a7-- 7,a7 to ensure compliance of such stationary sources with existing emission standards under section #aab of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab72 7,b7 to prevent and detect accidental releases2 7,c7 to protect the health of the communities most exposed to the emissions of hazardous air pollutants from such stationary sources to the greatest extent possible2 or 7,d7 to ensure the #ajj highest-priority sources or facilities1 based on the best available science and the most current data on health risks and impacts1 have emissions measurement systems in place for pollutants required to be monitored under this section2 and 7#b7 publish a determination under paragraph 7#a7 in the ,federal ,register4 7h7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section #adf1jjj1jjj for the period of fiscal years #bjbc and #bjbd4 #d4 ,community air toxics monitoring 7a7 ,regulations ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall promulgate regulations pursuant to authority provided by the ,clean ,air ,act1 which may include subsections 7d71 7f71 and 7r7 of section #aab1 section #aac1 and section #aad of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab1 #gdac1 #gdad71 for each source category described in subsection 7b71 that-- 7#a7 require all sources in the source category to implement1 not later than #a year after the promulgation of the regulations1 the best available form of emissions measurement1 including continuous emissions monitoring and fenceline monitoring1 to ensure compliance with the emission standards for hazardous air pollutants2 7#b7 for facilities in the source category that are required to submit risk management plans under section #aab7r77#g7 of that ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77#g771 require each facility to implement-- 7,a7 continuous1 real-time monitoring to provide for effective emergency response and provide information to prevent future releases2 and 7,b7 emissions measurement1 including fenceline monitoring1 to provide for effective emergency response and provide information to prevent future releases2 7#c7 subject to subsection 7e71 establish a corrective action level at the fenceline for at least the top #c hazardous air pollutants that drive the cancer1 chronic non-cancer1 or acute risk for the source category2 7#d7 if any applicable corrective action level under paragraph 7#c7 is exceeded1 require-- 7,a7 a root cause analysis2 7,b7 full remedial action to resolve the exceedance and protect the most exposed or most vulnerable individuals potentially affected by the exceedance2 and 7,c7 a public report that a violation of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdja et seq47 has occurred2 and 7#e7 treat any requirement imposed by the regulations under this section as a requirement under section #aab of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7 that is enforceable under section #aac of such ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdac74 7b7 ,source categories ,the source categories described in this subsection shall include-- 7#a7 each category or subcategory of major sources or area sources that-- 7,a7 contains-- 7i7 at least #a of the stationary sources of hazardous air pollutants that are on the list published under section #c7;c72 7ii7 major sources or area sources identified in the most recent ,national ,emissions ,inventory of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency as emitting a pollutant described in section #c7;c77#c72 7iii7 petroleum1 chemical1 petrochemical1 or plastics manufacturing sources1 marine vessel loading operations1 or other sources that are classified in #a or more of ,north ,american ,industry ,classification ,system codes #cbb1 #cbd1 #cbe1 #cbf1 #cca1 #ccb1 #cci1 #dbd1 and #efb2 or 7iv7 any other major source of fugitive hazardous air pollutant emissions for which the ,environmental ,protection ,agency is subject to a court-ordered or statutory deadline1 engaged in a reconsideration proceeding1 or subject to a court remand 7or is likely within the #b-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this ,act to become subject to such an obligation or action7 to review and determine whether to revise the emissions standards that apply to that major source2 or 7,b7 contains any stationary source that-- 7i7 is regulated under section #aab7r77#g7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77#g772 and 7ii7 has had an accidental release or incident that is required to be reported during the previous #e-year period under such section #aab7r7 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab7r77 and the regulations thereunder2 and 7#b7 any other source category for which the ,administrator determines that requiring fenceline monitoring would benefit public health or welfare4 7c7 ,determination of best available form of monitoring 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator1 in consultation with the ,office of ,air and ,radiation1 the ,office of ,enforcement and ,compliance ,assurance1 the ,office of ,environmental ,justice1 and the ,office of ,research and ,development1 shall1 for purposes of the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 determine the best available form of emissions measurement1 including continuous emissions monitoring and fenceline monitoring2 and 7,b7 ensure the methods required under the regulations are at least as stringent as the most current ,environmental ,protection ,agency-approved or promulgated emission test or monitoring method1 including ,methods #cbe;,a1 #cbe;,b1 and ,,to-#ae 7or the most current and best available version of such methods approved or promulgated by the ,environmental ,protection ,agency74 7#b7 ,requirement ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a77;,b71 the ,administrator shall ensure that #a or more of the methods described in or promulgated under section #c or subsection 7d7 7including multimetal monitoring7 is included in the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection 7a7 if that method is the best available method for #a or more of the pollutants for which monitoring is required under this section4 7d7 ,methods and technologies 7#a7 ,in general ,for all stationary sources in the source categories described in subsection 7b71 as the best available fenceline monitoring method for those source categories1 the ,administrator may1 in the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 require application1 implementation1 or employment of optical remote sensing technology to provide real-time measurements of air pollutant concentrations along an open-path2 or 7,b7 provide an explanation of why application1 implementation1 or employment of #a or more of the technologies described in subparagraph 7,a7 is not necessary-- 7i7 to ensure compliance with the emission standards established under the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection 7d71 7f71 or 7r7 of section #aab of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdab71 as applicable2 or 7ii7 to protect the public health1 to prevent accidental releases1 or to provide for effective emergency response4 7#b7 ,multiple-source or facility complexes 7,a7 ,definition of multiple-source or facility complex ,in this paragraph1 the term multiple-source or facility complex means #a or more stationary sources co-located at the same site4 7,b7 ,multiple-source or facility complex monitoring ,in the regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall ensure that the best available form of monitoring for a multiple-source or facility complex that contains not less than #b stationary sources in #a or more of ,north ,american ,industry ,classification ,system codes #cbd1 #cbe1 and #cbf1 or a related chemical or petrochemical sector1 may be at least a combination of-- 7i7 real-time1 open-path monitoring2 and 7ii7 ,method #cbe;,a and ,method #cbe;,b4 7,c7 ,requirement ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,b71 the ,administrator may consider whether any other multiple-source or facility complexes should be required to employ the combined monitoring methods described in that subparagraph4 7e7 ,precautionary approach ,in promulgating the corrective action level for each of the hazardous air pollutants described in subsection 7a77#c71 the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 consider the best available science2 7#b7 take a precautionary approach to ensure that the owner or operator of the source or facility reduces the emissions of the source or facility to prevent harm if the measured concentration at the fenceline would1 or is likely to-- 7,a7 increase harm to public health or safety 7including through an increased health risk72 or 7,b7 reach a level that may result in short-term1 long-term1 or chronic human exposure to air pollution 7including any fetal exposure that begins in utero7 that increases the risk of-- 7i7 health harms resulting from odors1 irritation1 sensitizing effects1 or any combination of those harms2 7ii7 disease 7including cancer and other illnesses72 or 7iii7 death2 and 7#c7 take into account the aggregate and cumulative emissions and health risks from the facility1 including multiple source categories1 as applicable1 to ensure full health protection from the entire facility4 7f7 ,maintenance and public reporting 7#a7 ,in general ,in the regulations promulgated under subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall ensure that-- 7,a7 the owners or operators of sources subject to the requirements of this section-- 7i7 perform regular inspections and maintenance of all measured equipment required under this section2 and 7ii7 submit regular reports to the ,administrator that-- 7,i7 include the measured emissions data collected by that emissions measurement equipment2 7,,ii7 describe the status of that measurement equipment2 and 7,,iii7 contain a detailed explanation of the circumstances surrounding a delay in collecting or missing data2 7,b7 the emissions measurement system required under this section is continuous and yields reliable data not less than #ie percent of the time1 without any regulatory exemption or extension2 and 7,c7 any problem with the fenceline monitoring equipment required under this section is repaired within #b days of discovering the problem4 7#b7 ,violation ,in the regulations promulgated under subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 require the owner or operator of a stationary source subject to such regulations to report1 with respect to such source1 at least semiannually-- 7i7 all exceedances of any corrective action level2 and 7ii7 all corrective action planned and taken2 and 7,b7 for purposes of imposing penalties1 treat each day on which a violation of a reporting requirement under subparagraph 7,a7 continues as a separate violation4 7#c7 ,public reporting 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall make available on the website of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency1 in an accessible format that includes multiple languages-- 7i7 all emissions measurement plans and reports required under this section2 7ii7 all emissions measurement data collected by monitoring equipment required under this section2 and 7iii7 an option to sign up for community-wide or source-specific alerts that alert the user if the emissions concentrations measured pursuant to clause 7i7 or 7ii71 as applicable1 exceed-- 7,i7 a health reference level of the ,administrator2 7,,ii7 a health reference level approved by the ,administrator2 or 7,,iii7 the applicable corrective action level under subsection 7a77#c74 7,b7 ,public notice and comment ,the ,administrator shall provide notice and receive public comment on the format and accessibility of the information required under subparagraph 7,a74 7,c7 ,publication ,the ,administrator shall publicize the information required under subparagraph 7,a7 in each community that contains a source regulated under this section through not less than #b of the most widely viewed local media formats for members of that community that live nearest the regulated source4 7g7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section #ej1jjj1jjj for the period of fiscal years #bjbc and #bjbd4 #e4 ,,naaqs monitoring network 7a7 ,deployment of ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations ,the ,administrator shall require the deployment of #hj additional ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations4 7b7 ,deadline ,not later than #c years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall ensure that all ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under subsection 7a7 are-- 7#a7 installed and integrated into the air quality monitoring system established pursuant to sections #aaj7;a77#b77;,b7 and #cai of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdaj7;a77#b77;,b71 #gfai72 and 7#b7 after installation1 operated and maintained on a continuing basis4 7c7 ,monitoring results ,monitoring results from ,n,core multipollutant stations deployed pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall be used for-- 7#a7 assessments of the compliance of areas with national ambient air quality standards2 7#b7 integrated science assessments in reviews of national ambient air quality standards promulgated under section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji72 7#c7 evaluating disparities of pollution exposures within metropolitan areas2 and 7#d7 such other purposes as the ,administrator determines will promote the protection of public health from air pollution4 7d7 ,locations 7#a7 ,vulnerable populations ,the ,administrator shall ensure that not less than #dj of the ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations required under subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 are not limited to metropolitan statistical areas with populations of #ej1jjj or greater2 and 7,b7 are sited in census tracts that each meet #a or more of the following criteria1 with the specific site selected consistent with ,appendix ,d to part #eh of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act73 7i7 ,the rates of childhood asthma1 adult asthma1 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease1 heart disease1 or cancer are at least #e percent higher than the national average for that condition in the census tract4 7ii7 ,the percentage of people living below the poverty level1 that are above age #ah without a high school diploma1 or that are unemployed1 is higher than the national average in the census tract4 7iii7 ,two or more major sources 7as defined in section #eja of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gffa77 are located within the census tract or adjacent census tracts combined4 7iv7 ,there is a higher-than-national-average population in the census tract of vulnerable or sensitive individuals who may be at greater risk than the general population of adverse health effects from exposure to #a or more air pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards have been established pursuant to section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji74 7#b7 ,siting determinations ,in determining and approving sites for ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations required under subsection 7a71 the ,administrator shall-- 7,a7 invite proposals from or on behalf of residents of any community for the siting of the stations in that community1 which may include inviting proposals through regional or virtual meetings2 7,b7 prioritize siting of the stations in census tracts or counties that the ,administrator determines should be prioritized for siting based on-- 7i7 the potential for the levels of #a or more air pollutants to be monitored by the stations to reach or exceed the level of the applicable national ambient air quality standard established pursuant to section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji72 7ii7 the number of people who live1 work1 or recreate in the area or areas for which monitoring by the stations is reasonably anticipated to be representative with respect to air quality and the proportion of those people who are at higher risk than the general population of adverse health effects from the air pollutants monitored2 7iii7 the lack or inadequacy of existing air quality monitors for providing representative air quality data for the affected area or areas for the pollutants to be measured by the station2 and 7iv7 the current designation of the area in which the monitoring station would be located as unclassifiable or in attainment for #a or more of the pollutants to be monitored by that station2 and 7,c7 prior to making siting determinations-- 7i7 provide public notice of proposed siting locations-- 7,i7 in the ,federal ,register2 7,,ii7 by email to persons who have requested notice of proposed siting determinations2 7,,iii7 by news release2 and 7,,iv7 by posting on the public website of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency2 and 7ii7 provide an opportunity for public comment for not less than #cj days after the date of publication of the notice required under clause 7i7 in the ,federal ,register4 7#c7 ,reliance on hybrid methods ,in determining under paragraph 7#b77;,b77i7 the potential for an air pollutant to reach or exceed the level of the applicable standard1 the ,administrator may rely on hybrid methods that combine information from multiple sources1 including monitors1 sensors1 modeling1 and satellites4 7e7 ,additional ambient monitors 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator shall deploy not fewer than #ajj ,federal reference method monitors or ,federal equivalent method monitors for #a or more air pollutants for which national ambient air quality standards have been established pursuant to section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji7 in areas-- 7,a7 that are unmonitored or undermonitored1 as determined by the ,administrator2 and 7,b7 within which the ,administrator determines1 after public notice and comment1 that adding those monitors is warranted-- 7i7 to detect whether the area is in nonattainment of the applicable national ambient air quality standards2 and 7ii7 to improve the publicly available data on air quality for #a or more of those air pollutants 7or precursors to those air pollutants74 7#b7 ,siting determinations ,in approving sites for new ,federal reference method monitors or ,federal equivalent method monitors required under this subsection1 the ,administrator shall prioritize siting of the stations in census tracts or counties in accordance with subsection 7d77#b77;,b74 7#c7 ,relation to previously deployed or planned monitors ,the ,federal reference method monitors required under this subsection shall be in addition to1 and not in lieu of1 any monitors already deployed or planned for deployment by the ,administrator1 any ,state1 any other governmental entity1 or any other entity prior to the date of enactment of this ,act4 7f7 ,report ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator shall-- 7#a7 in coordination with the ,states1 complete an assessment1 which includes public input1 on the status of all ambient air quality monitors that are part of ,federal1 ,state1 or local networks and used for determining compliance with national ambient air quality standards2 and 7#b7 submit to ,congress and make available on the public website of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency a report that includes-- 7,a7 a list of all monitors identified under paragraph 7#a72 and 7,b7 a schedule and plan to restore or replace all monitors included in the list under subparagraph 7,a7 to full operation not later than #af months of the date of enactment of this ,act1 except that the schedule and plan shall not apply to monitors-- 7i7 that have been discontinued in accordance with section #eh4ad7;c7 of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7as in effect on the date of enactment of this ,act72 and 7ii7 7,i7 for which such discontinuation is not subject to a judicial challenge2 or 7,,ii7 for which a judicial challenge described in subclause 7,i7 has been fully resolved by a settlement or order that authorizes discontinuation of such monitor4 7g7 ,designations ,not later than #b years after the date on which data is received from a monitor sited pursuant to this section that demonstrates that an area that is designated pursuant to section #ajg7;d77#a7 of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdjg7;d77#a77 by the ,administrator as in attainment or unclassifiable for an air pollutant is in violation of the applicable national ambient air quality standard1 the ,administrator shall redesignate pursuant to section #ajg7;d77#c7 of such ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdjg7;d77#c77 that area as in nonattainment for that pollutant unless the designation is otherwise precluded under this ,act4 7h7 ,satellite monitoring 7#a7 ,satellite monitoring data 7,a7 ,provision of satellite data ,the ,administrator may consult with the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration regarding data from the satellites of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration for use in calculating design values under any national ambient air quality standards for ,,pm#aj and ,,pm#b4e4 7,b7 ,regulations required ,the ,administrator may promulgate regulations to specify procedures 7including any modeling techniques7 for using data described in subparagraph 7,a7 in combination with information from multiple sources1 including monitors and modeling1 to calculate the expected number of exceedances per year and the design values for ,,pm#aj and ,,pm#b4e for purposes of determining compliance or noncompliance with the national ambient air quality standards for those pollutants4 7#b7 ,national ,academy of ,sciences report 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,administrator may enter into an arrangement with the ,national ,academy of ,sciences under which the ,national ,academy of ,sciences agrees to submit a report that describes the actions necessary1 including new science and satellite assets to enable the contribution of satellite monitoring to the calculation of design values and nonattainment determinations under any national ambient air quality standards for ozone1 oxides of nitrogen1 and oxides of sulfur established pursuant to section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji74 7,b7 ,regulations required 7i7 ,in general ,not later than ,december #ca1 #bjbc1 the ,administrator1 in coordination with the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration and the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 shall promulgate regulations that provide a plan for the use of satellite monitoring data in calculating design values for the pollutants described in subparagraph 7,a74 7ii7 ,requirement ,not later than ,january #a1 #bjbg1 the ,administrator shall implement the plan required by clause 7i7 and provide for use of satellite data in calculating design values for the pollutants described in subparagraph 7,a74 7#c7 ,definition ,for purposes of this subsection1 the term design value means1 for each pollutant1 the air quality statistic the ,administrator defines in part #ej 7including appendices7 of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations1 for comparison with the relevant national ambient air quality standard established under section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji71 regardless of whether the regulation 7including appendices7 in part #ej of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations1 uses the term design value4 7i7 ,monitoring plans ,notwithstanding any other provision of law1 the ,administrator may not approve a ,state monitoring plan under section #eh4aj of title #dj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7or successor regulations71 unless-- 7#a7 the ,state provided1 with respect to the ,state monitoring plan-- 7,a7 public notice2 7,b7 not less than #de days for public comment2 and 7,c7 an opportunity for public hearing2 and 7#b7 the ,administrator-- 7,a7 proposes in the ,federal ,register to approve or disapprove of the ,state monitoring plan2 7,b7 provides not less than #de days for public comment on the proposal described in subparagraph 7,a72 and 7,c7 publishes in the ,federal ,register the final action on the proposal described in subparagraph 7,a74 7j7 ,funding 7#a7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section #ge1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc4 7#b7 ,uses ,the ,administrator-- 7,a7 may use the amounts made available to carry out this section-- 7i7 to directly deploy new or replacement ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations required under subsection 7a72 or 7ii7 to make grants under section #ajc or #aje of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdjc1 #gdje7 to ,state and local governments for deployment and operation of the ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations required under subsection 7a72 and 7,b7 shall use not less than #e percent1 but not more than #aj percent1 of the amounts made available to carry out this section to perform the maintenance and repairs necessary to restore to operation ,n,core multipollutant monitoring stations that are-- 7i7 as of the date of enactment of this ,act1 nonoperational2 and 7ii7 located in areas that are designated as in nonattainment of national ambient air quality standards under section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji7 for ozone or particulate matter4 #f4 ,sensor monitoring 7a7 ,deployment of air quality sensors 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,administrator-- 7,a7 shall deploy1 in accordance with the prioritization criteria described in section #e7;d77#b71 not fewer than #a1jjj air quality sensors1 each of which shall cost not more than #e1jjj2 7,b7 shall deploy such air quality sensors in clusters of not fewer than #e in each of the census tracts or counties selected2 7,c7 before determining and approving sites for such air quality sensors1 shall invite1 through public notice and other means designed to reach communities disproportionately impacted by air pollution1 proposals from or on behalf of residents of any community for the sites2 and 7,d7 may contract with ,state and local air pollution control agencies to conduct sensor monitoring and report the results4 7#b7 ,requirement ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,administrator shall select sensors for deployment that-- 7,a7 are available on the market at the time of purchase2 7,b7 the ,administrator determines will provide data of sufficient accuracy to provide a reasonable basis for determining whether the location in which the sensor is sited is or may be at risk of exceeding the applicable national ambient air quality standard established pursuant to section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji72 and 7,c7 are the lowest cost available that meet the criteria of subparagraph 7,b74 7#c7 ,exception to cost limitation ,notwithstanding paragraph 7#a71 if the ,administrator determines in writing that a sensor model to measure a particular pollutant is not available on the market at a price at or below #e1jjj each1 the ,administrator may spend an amount above #e1jjj to acquire such sensor model so long as the ,administrator complies with subparagraphs 7,b7 and 7,c7 of paragraph 7#b74 7b7 ,pollutants 7#a7 ,in general ,each air quality sensor deployed pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall measure ozone1 ,,pm#b4e1 oxides of nitrogen1 or sulfur dioxide4 7#b7 ,determination ,the ,administrator shall determine which pollutant or air pollutants an air quality sensor deployed pursuant to subsection 7a7 shall monitor based on the pollution sources affecting the area in which the sensor is to be deployed4 7c7 ,determination and installation 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ah months after the date on which an air quality sensor deployed pursuant to subsection 7a7 has been monitoring air quality data for #a year1 the ,administrator shall determine whether data from the air quality sensors deployed in the applicable census tract or county shows air pollution levels over the #a-year period ending on the date of the determination that reached #ih percent of the level of the national ambient air quality standard under section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji7 for any air pollutant4 7#b7 ,requirement ,if the ,administrator makes a determination under paragraph 7#a7 that an air pollutant described in subsection 7b77#a7 met the threshold described in that paragraph1 the ,administrator shall1 not later #ahj days after the date of the determination1 ensure that ,federal reference method monitors or ,federal equivalent method monitors are installed and in operation within that census tract or county for each pollutant that met the threshold4 7#c7 ,exceptions ,the ,administrator shall waive the requirement of paragraph 7#b7 if the ,administrator finds1 within the #ahj-;day period described in such paragraph1 and after providing notice and an opportunity for public comment1 that based on clear and convincing evidence-- 7,a7 the measurements from the sensor or sensors supporting the determination described in paragraph 7#b7 were so inaccurate as to provide no reasonable basis for finding that levels of the relevant pollutant reached #ih percent of the level of the national ambient air quality standard under section #aji of the ,clean ,air ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gdji7 for the relevant pollutant2 or 7,b7 complementary data1 such as information on the ambient matric1 meteorology1 measurements from other nearby sensors or ambient monitors1 modeling1 satellite data1 or other relevant and reliable information1 demonstrate that levels of the relevant pollutant could not have plausibly reached #ih percent of the level of such standard4 7d7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of this ,act1 and not less frequently than every #f years thereafter1 the ,administrator shall report on additional areas of decision-making where data from low-cost air quality sensors may be relevant and useful4 7e7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section #f1jjj1jjj4 #g4 ,data requirement ,to the extent practicable1 the ,administrator shall integrate the data collected through the programs established under this ,act into the ,,ejscreen mapping tool of the ,environmental ,protection ,agency or a relevant1 similar mapping and screening tool4