,,ii #aag? ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #ddbj ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,june #af1 #bjbb,ms4 ,coll9s 7= h]self & ,ms4 ,cantwell7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces ,a ,,bill ,to provide = advancem5ts 9 c>bon removal rese>*1 quantification1 & comm]cialization1 includ+ by h>ness+ natural processes1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table ( cont5ts 7a7 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb or ! ,,cre/ ,act ( #bjbb4 7b7 ,table ( cont5ts ,! table ( cont5ts = ?is ,act is z foll[s3 ,sec4 #a4 ,%ort title2 table ( cont5ts4,sec4 #b4 ,def9itions4,,title ,i--,c>bon removal rese>* & development,subtitle ,a--,biomass c>bon removal,sec4 #aja4 ,biomass c>bon removal programs4,sec4 #ajb4 ,biological c>bon dioxide conv]sion programs4,subtitle ,b--,geological c>bon removal,sec4 #aaa4 ,c>bon m9]alization pilot projects4,sec4 #aab4 ,c>bon m9]alization res\rce assessm5t4,sec4 #aac4 ,tail+s & wa/e m9]alization program4,subtitle ,c--,aquatic c>bon removal,sec4 #aba4 ,ocean c>bon removal mission4,sec4 #abb4 ,direct ocean capture assessm5t4,sec4 #abc4 ,(f%ore c>bon /orage program & assessm5t4,subtitle ,d--,atmosph]ic c>bon removal,sec4 #aca4 ,direct air capture te*nology manufactur+ rese>* program4,subtitle ,e--,c>bon removal quantification,sec4 #ada4 ,c>bon removal quantification4,,title ,,ii--,c>bon removal pur*as+ pilot program,sec4 #bja4 ,c>bon removal pur*as+ pilot program4 #b4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,c>bon removal ,! t]m c>bon removal means ! int5tional removal1 includ+ by h>ness+ natural processes1 ( c>bon dioxide directly f ! atmosph]e or upp] hydrosph]e & subsequ5t /orage ( ! c>bon dioxide 9 geological1 biobas$1 or ocean res]voirs or 9 value-add$ products t results 9 a net removal ( c>bon dioxide f ! atmosph]e1 z measur$ on a lifecycle basis4 7#b7 ,c>bon removal te*nology or approa* ,! t]m c>bon removal te*nology or approa* includes-- 7,a7 direct air capture ) durable /orage2 7,b7 soil c>bon seque/ration2 7,c7 biomass c>bon removal & /orage2 7,d7 enhanc$ m9]alization2 7,e7 ocean-bas$ c>bon dioxide removal2 & 7,f7 af=e/ation or re=e/ation4 7#c7 ,secret>y ,! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy4 ,i ,c>bon removal rese>* & developm5t ,a ,biomass c>bon removal #aja4 ,biomass c>bon removal programs 7a7 ,(fice ( sci5ce ,section #cjf ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy ,rese>* & ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7e7 ,algal biomass c>bon removal 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director %all c>ry out a rese>* & developm5t program to ga9 und]/&+ ( ! und]ly+ biology ( algal biomass sy/ems & ! possible use ( algal biomass sy/ems z a means ( c>bon removal 7z def9$ 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb7 f ! air & aquatic s\rces4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,! program c>ri$ out "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all-- 7,a7 support ef=ts to r$uce long-t]m te*nical b>ri]s = algal biomass ) c>bon capture2 & 7,b7 coord9ate closely ) ! ,bio5]gy ,te*nologies ,(fice & ! ,(fice ( ,fossil ,en]gy & ,c>bon ,managem5t4 4 7b7 ,(fice ( en]gy effici5cy & r5ewable en]gy ,section #icb ( ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbcb7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ & aft] ! semicolon2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#f71 by /rik+ ! p]iod & ins]t+ 2 &2 & 7,c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#g7 biological c>bon removal 7z def9$ 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb74 2 & 7#b7 by ins]t+ aft] subsection 7e7 ! foll[+3 7f7 ,biological c>bon removal 7#a7 ,def9ition ( c>bon removal ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m c>bon removal has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb4 7#b7 ,goals ,! goals ( ! biological c>bon removal program "u subsection 7b77#g7 %all be to develop & deploy1 9 p>tn]%ip ) indu/ry & in/itutions ( high] education-- 7,a7 improv$ tools & und]/&+ ( fe$/ocks1 supplies1 & logi/ics ) respect to c>bon removal us+ biomass s\rces2 7,b7 te*nologies = ! optimiz$ conv]sion ( aquatic & t]re/rial biomass = c>bon removal2 7,c7 co/-competitive c>bon capture te*nologies appli$ to bio5]gy1 includ+-- 7i7 algal1 t]re/rial1 & m>9e biomass2 7ii7 bi(uels2 & 7iii7 bioproducts2 & 7,d7 appli$ rese>* on be/ practices 9 macroalgae cultivation & ph5otype selection1 includ+ by c>ry+ out aquatic pilot projects4 7#c7 ,coord9ation ,activities conduct$ "u ?is subsection %all be coord9at$ ) ! relevant programs ( ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce1 ! ,(fice ( ,fossil ,en]gy & ,c>bon ,managem5t1 & ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 4 7c7 ,(fice ( fossil en]gy & c>bon managem5t ,section #ifb7;b7 ( ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbib7;b77 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 p>agraph 7#a71 by /rik+ p]=mance ( & all t foll[s ?r\gh ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 8p]=mance (-- 7,a7 coal & natural gas use2 7,b7 biomass ) c>bon capture = utilization or p]man5t /orage2 & 7,c7 manufactur+ & indu/rial facilities4 2 & 7#b7 9 p>agraph 7#c7-- 7,a7 9 subp>agraph 7,a7-- 7i7 9 clause 7v71 by /rik+ & aft] ! semicolon2 7ii7 9 clause 7vi71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ 2 &2 & 7iii7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7vii7 develop+ advanc$ boil]s to enable net-negative lifecycle c>bon emissions ?r\gh co-fir+ ) biomass4 2 & 7,b7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7,g7 ,develop+ c>bon capture te*nologies appli$ to bio5]gy sy/ems t result 9 net-negative lifecycle c>bon emissions1 includ+-- 7i7 bi(uels production2 7ii7 bioproducts2 7iii7 biomass us$ 9 p[] sy/ems & indu/rial applications2 & 7iv7 fossil fuel p[] sy/ems & indu/rial sy/ems co-fir$ ) biomass4 4 7d7 ,(fice ( en]gy effici5cy & r5ewable en]gy 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,en]gy ,indep5d5ce & ,security ,act ( #bjjg 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #agjja et seq47 is am5d$ by /rik+ section #bbh 7#aba ,/at4 #aece7 & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 #bbh4 ,aquatic biomass 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director ( ! ,bio5]gy ,te*nologies ,(fice %all c>ry out appli$ rese>* on-- 7#a7 microalgae & macroalgae cultivation & ph5otype selection2 & 7#b7 optimization ( aquatic biomass conv]sion pa?ways4 7b7 ,requirem5ts ,! rese>* c>ri$ out "u subsection 7a7 %all support ef=ts-- 7#a7 to develop be/ practices 9 microalgae & macroalgae cultivation & ph5otype selection1 includ+ by c>ry+ out aquatic pilot projects-- 7,a7 on microalgae & macroalgae2 & 7,b7 9 fre%wat] & seawat]2 & 7#b7 to optimize aquatic biomass conv]sion pa?ways t result 9 c>bon removal 7z def9$ 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb7 = biop[]1 bi(uels1 & o!r uses4 7c7 ,fund+ ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y to c>ry out ?is section-- 7#a7 #c1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 7#b7 #h1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbd2 & 7#c7 #bj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe ?r\gh #bjbg4 4 7#b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = ! ,en]gy ,indep5d5ce & ,security ,act ( #bjjg 7,public ,law #aaj-adj2 #aba ,/at4 #adic7 is am5d$ by /rik+ ! item relat+ to section #bbh & ins]t+ ! foll[+3 ,sec4 #bbh4 ,aquatic biomass44 #ajb4 ,biological c>bon dioxide conv]sion programs 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #igg 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afcag7 ! foll[+3 #igg;,a4 ,biological c>bon dioxide conv]sion programs 7a7 ,g5etic model+ & tools2 bioprospect+ 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce %all e/abli% a program to improve g5etic model+ & manipulation = c>bon dioxide conv]sion4 7#b7 ,me?odology ,! program e/abli%$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all-- 7,a7 support ef=ts to improve c>bon dioxide uptake & conv]sion ?r\gh g5etic manipulation ( crops & trees1 includ+-- 7i7 soil enhancem5ts2 7ii7 enhanc$ photosyn!sis1 includ+ microbial soil am5dm5ts & p]5nialization2 & 7iii7 root gr[?2 & 7,b7 support ef=ts to bioprospect us+ tools & high-?r\ghput scre5+ me?ods = organisms ) unique attributes relat$ to c>bon dioxide conv]sion4 7#c7 ,coord9ation ,9 c>ry+ out ! program e/abli%$ "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce %all coord9ate ) ! ,national ,sci5ce ,f\ndation & ! ,agricultural ,rese>* ,s]vice4 7b7 ,new mat]ials developm5t & application 7#a7 ,def9ition ( c>bon removal ,9 ?is subsection1 ! t]m c>bon removal has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb4 7#b7 ,program ,! ,assi/ant ,secret>y = ,en]gy ,effici5cy & ,r5ewable ,en]gy1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ,agriculture1 %all e/abli% a program to develop new biologically bas$ c>bon dioxide utilization products & coproducts t result 9 c>bon removal4 7#c7 ,me?odology ,! program e/abli%$ "u p>agraph 7#b7 %all-- 7,a7 support ef=ts to develop new c>bon dioxide utilization products t result 9 c>bon removal2 7,b7 prioritize products t h ! pot5tial to be deploy$ at a l>ge scale2 & 7,c7 support ef=ts to develop valorization ( coproducts =-- 7i7 fe$2 7ii7 fuel2 & 7iii7 o!r uses4 4 7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,/at4 #fjj7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section #igg ! foll[+3 ,sec4 #igg;,a4 ,biological c>bon dioxide conv]sion programs4 4 ,b ,geological c>bon removal #aaa4 ,c>bon m9]alization pilot projects 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] section #ifc 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbic7 ! foll[+3 #ifc;,a4 ,c>bon m9]alization pilot projects 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration & ! ,director ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 %all conduct field exp]im5ts ( ex situ & 9 situ c>bon m9]alization approa*es = ! purposes ( advanc+ c>bon removal te*nologies or approa*es 7z def9$ 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb74 7b7 ,activities ,9 c>ry+ out subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all-- 7#a7 conduct field exp]im5ts ( ex situ c>bon m9]alization-- 7,a7 us+ desal9ation br9e treatm5t2 & 7,b7 ?r\gh ! broadca/ ( reactive m9]als on-- 7i7 soils2 7ii7 bea*es2 & 7iii7 %all[ oceans2 & 7#b7 conduct field exp]im5ts ( 9 situ c>bon m9]alization1 includ+ ?r\gh drill+ & injection 9 reactive =mations =-- 7,a7 mantle p]idotite2 7,b7 basalt2 & 7,c7 o!r relevant =mations4 7c7 ,field exp]im5t goals & objectives ,! ,secret>y %all develop goals & objectives = field exp]im5ts c>ri$ out "u ?is section to decrease ! en]gy requirem5ts & co/s to produce ! result+ m9]aliz$ c>bon4 7d7 ,environm5tal impact ,9 c>ry+ out field exp]im5ts "u ?is section1 ! ,secret>y %all comply ) all applicable environm5tal laws & regulations4 7e7 ,fund+ ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y to c>ry out ?is section-- 7#a7 #d1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 7#b7 #i1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbd2 7#c7 #ah1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbe2 & 7#d7 #cj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbf & #bjbg4 4 7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-eh2 #aai ,/at4 #fjj7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section #ifc ! foll[+3 ,sec4 #ifc;,a4 ,c>bon m9]alization pilot projects4 4 #aab4 ,c>bon m9]alization res\rce assessm5t 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z ! ,secret>y7 %all complete a national assessm5t ( ! pot5tial = us+ c>bon m9]alization = c>bon removal1 9 accordance ) ! me?odology develop$ "u subsection 7b74 7b7 ,me?odology ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y1 act+ ?r\gh ! ,director ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey1 %all develop a me?odology to assess geological res\rces1 m9e tail+s1 & o!r alkal9e indu/rial wa/es to id5tify su/a9able s\rces ( reactive m9]als suitable = c>bon m9]alization1 :ile tak+ into consid]ation m9]als & m9]al classes ) high reactivity & fa/ k9etics4 7c7 ,coord9ation 7#a7 ,f$]al coord9ation ,to ensure ! maximum usefulness & success ( ! assessm5t "u subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all-- 7,a7 consult ) ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy & ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy on ! =mat & cont5t ( ! assessm5t2 & 7,b7 %>e relevant data ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy & ! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy4 7#b7 ,/ate coord9ation ,! ,secret>y %all consult ) ,/ate geological surveys & o!r relevant entities to ensure1 to ! maximum ext5t practicable1 ! usefulness & success ( ! assessm5t "u subsection 7a74 7d7 ,report 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #ahj days aft] ! date on :i* ! assessm5t "u subsection 7a7 is complet$1 ! ,secret>y %all submit to ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,natural ,res\rces ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report describ+ ! f9d+s "u ! assessm5t1 includ+ ! locations & available quantities ( suitable reactive m9]als4 7#b7 ,public availability ,n lat] ?an #cj days aft] ! date on :i* ! ,secret>y submits ! report "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,secret>y %all make ! report publicly available4 #aac4 ,tail+s & wa/e m9]alization program 7a7 ,tail+s & wa/e m9]alization program 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all conduct field exp]im5ts to exam9e ! use ( m9e tail+s & indu/rial wa/es = ! purpose ( c>bon m9]alization4 7#b7 ,activities ,! field exp]im5ts us+ m9e tail+s & indu/rial wa/es conduct$ "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all assess-- 7,a7 ! reus+ ( indu/rial slags & m9e tail+s 9 manufactur+2 & 7,b7 o!r indu/rial wa/es t may h c>bon m9]alization prop]ties4 7b7 ,/udy on environm5tal impacts ( m9]alization products 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all conduct1 & submit to ,congress a report t describes ! results (1 a /udy on ! environm5tal impacts (-- 7,a7 broadca/+ mat]ials & di/ribut+ piles ( m9e tail+s at v>i\s scales = ! purposes ( enhanc$ c>bon m9]alization2 & 7,b7 additional m9+ = ! purposes ( c>bon m9]alization4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,! /udy "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all include an analysis (-- 7,a7 ! relative c>bon removal pot5tial associat$ ) v>i\s scales ( c>bon m9]alization2 7,b7 ! co/ ( environm5tal mitigation ( ! environm5tal impacts id5tifi$ "u ! /udy2 & 7,c7 opportunities-- 7i7 = rem$iation2 7ii7 to co-extract reactive m9]als ) conv5tional m9+ op]ations2 & 7iii7 = ! use ( reactive m9]als 9 m9+ rem$iation4 ,c ,aquatic c>bon removal #aba4 ,ocean c>bon removal mission ,section #ifi;,d ( ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbih;d7 is am5d$-- 7#a7 9 subsection 7a7 by ins]t+ & aquatic s\rces aft] atmosph]e2 & 7#b7 9 subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 9 p>agraph 7#e71 by /rik+ & aft] ! semicolon2 7,b7 9 p>agraph 7#f71 by /rik+ ! p]iod at ! end & ins]t+ a semicolon2 & 7,c7 by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 7#g7 ocean c>bon removal & /rategies1 su* z-- 7,a7 blue c>bon1 :i* is ! managem5t ( vegetat$ coa/al habitats 7includ+ mangroves1 tidal m>%es1 seagrasses1 kelp =e/s1 & o!r tidal1 fre%wat]1 or saltwat] wetl&s7 t seque/] c>bon 7includ+ auto*?on\s c>bon & allo*?on\s c>bon7 f ! atmosph]e1 accumulate c>bon 9 biomass1 & /ore ! c>bon 9 soils2 7,b7 direct ocean capture 7z describ$ 9 section #abb7;a7 ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb72 7,c7 microalgae & macroalgae cultivation =-- 7i7 bi(uels2 7ii7 bioproducts2 & 7iii7 c>bon /orage2 & 7,d7 ocean alkal9ity enhancem5t2 & 7#h7 any comb9ation ( activities describ$ 9 p>agraphs 7#a7 ?r\gh 7#g7 t h ! pot5tial = significant c>bon removal 7z def9$ 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb74 4 #abb4 ,direct ocean capture assessm5t 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all conduct a compreh5sive assessm5t ( ! pot5tial = remov+ c>bon dioxide directly f ! oceans4 7b7 ,me?odology ,9 conduct+ ! assessm5t "u subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all consid] ! pot5tial & relative m]its (-- 7#a7 pa?ways1 me?ods1 & te*nologies t are able to directly remove c>bon dioxide f ! oceans ?r\gh eng9e]$ or inorganic processes2 & 7#b7 te*nologies su* z filt]s1 membranes1 phase *ange sy/ems1 *emical conv]sion1 or o!r te*nological pa?ways4 7c7 ,inclusion ,9 conduct+ ! assessm5t "u subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all incorporate any in=mation on ! results ( activities conduct$ "u section #bbc ( ! ,national ,def5se ,au?orization ,act = ,fiscal ,ye> #bjbj 7#aj ,u4,s4,c4 #djja note2 ,public ,law #aaf-ib74 7d7 ,report ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 %all submit to ! ,committees on ,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces & ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report describ+ ! results ( ! assessm5t "u subsection 7a74 7e7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y to c>ry out ?is section-- 7#a7 #b1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 7#b7 #d1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbd2 & 7#c7 #h1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe ?r\gh #bjbg4 #abc4 ,(f%ore c>bon /orage program & assessm5t 7a7 ,c>bon dioxide impacts & fate 9 ! ocean 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy ,c>bon ,capture & ,seque/ration ,rese>*1 ,developm5t1 & ,demon/ration ,act ( #bjjg 7,public ,law #aaj-adj2 #aba ,/at4 #agjd7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #gji4 ,c>bon dioxide impacts & fate 9 ! ocean 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all e/abli% a program to monitor1 rese>*1 & model ! ecological impacts ( ocean c>bon dioxide removal & /orage te*niques4 7b7 ,coord9ation ,9 c>ry+ out ! program e/abli%$ "u subsection 7a71 ! ,secret>y %all coord9ate ) ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration & ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,a]onautics & ,space ,adm9i/ration4 7c7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y to c>ry out ?is section-- 7#a7 #b1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 & 7#b7 #e1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbd ?r\gh #bjbg4 4 7#b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = ! ,en]gy ,indep5d5ce & ,security ,act ( #bjjg 7,public ,law #aaj-adj2 #aba ,/at4 #adif7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section #gjh ! foll[+3 ,sec4 #gji4 ,c>bon dioxide impacts & fate 9 ! ocean4 4 7b7 ,out] cont95tal %elf res\rce assessm5t 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all-- 7,a7 exp& ! ,carbon,s,a,f,e ,initiative ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy to complete a national c>bon m9]alization assessm5t t exam9es ! full range ( c>bon m9]alization /orage pot5tial = ! out] ,cont95tal ,%elf region2 & 7,b7 submit to ! ,committees on ,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces & ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report describ+ ! results ( ! assessm5t4 7#b7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re is au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y to c>ry out ?is subsection #e1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbc ?r\gh #bjbg4 7c7 ,assessm5t ,to det]m9e ! pot5tial = (f%ore c>bon /orage 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y1 9 consultation ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,environm5tal ,protection ,ag5cy1 & ! ,adm9i/rator ( ! ,national ,oceanic & ,atmosph]ic ,adm9i/ration1 %all conduct a compreh5sive assessm5t ( ! pot5tial = (f%ore c>bon /orage1 includ+ an assessm5t (-- 7,a7 ! pot5tial = (f%ore c>bon /orage-- 7i7 9 deep (f%ore sub-seab$ locations1 su* z 9 geological =mations2 7ii7 at ! seab$1 su* z ?r\gh biomass s9k+2 & 7iii7 )9 ! oceans1 su* z liquid c>bon dioxide /orage2 & 7,b7 o!r relevant me?ods ( (f%ore c>bon /orage4 7#b7 ,inclusion ,! assessm5t "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all include recomm5dations ( measures t ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy may take to improve ! ease1 safety1 & security ( (f%ore c>bon dioxide /orage4 7#c7 ,report+ ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,secret>y %all submit to ! ,committees on ,en]gy & ,natural ,res\rces & ,comm]ce1 ,sci5ce1 & ,transportation ( ! ,s5ate & ! ,committee on ,en]gy & ,comm]ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives a report describ+ ! results ( ! assessm5t "u p>agraph 7#a74 ,d ,atmosph]ic c>bon removal #aca4 ,direct air capture te*nology manufactur+ rese>* program 7a7 ,initiative 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all e/abli% a program = ! rese>*1 developm5t1 & demon/ration ( manufactur+ te*niques = direct air capture te*nologies 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z ! program74 7#b7 ,coord9ation ,9 c>ry+ out ! program1 ! ,secret>y %all lev]age exp]tise & res\rces f-- 7,a7 ! ,(fice ( ,sci5ce2 7,b7 ! ,(fice ( ,en]gy ,effici5cy & ,r5ewable ,en]gy2 & 7,c7 ! ,(fice ( ,fossil ,en]gy & ,c>bon ,managem5t4 7b7 ,contactor design 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 c>ry+ out ! program1 ! ,secret>y %all conduct rese>* on appli$ te*nology developm5t ( air contactor design4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,! rese>* "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all support ef=ts to improve air contactors )-- 7,a7 l[ pressure drop2 7,b7 high surface area2 & 7,c7 high longevity4 7c7 ,manufactur+ improvem5t 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,9 c>ry+ out ! program1 ! ,secret>y %all conduct rese>* scal+-up manufactur+ ( direct air capture compon5ts4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts ,! rese>* "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all-- 7,a7 support ef=ts to improve te*niques = l[-co/ manufactur+ ( direct air capture compon5ts & mat]ials2 & 7,b7 be coord9at$ ) private indu/ry & univ]sities4 7d7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y-- 7#a7 to c>ry out subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 #c1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 7,b7 #g1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbd2 & 7,c7 #aj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe ?r\gh #bjbg2 & 7#b7 to c>ry out subsection 7c7-- 7,a7 #b1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 7,b7 #e1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbd2 & 7,c7 #aj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe ?r\gh #bjbg4 ,e ,c>bon removal quantification #ada4 ,c>bon removal quantification 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,title ,v ( ! ,en]gy ,act ( #bjbj 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbih;e et seq47 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #ejjc4 ,quantify+ ! b5efits ( c>bon removal 7a7 ,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is section are-- 7#a7 to quantify ! net c>bon remov$ ?r\gh atmosph]ic & aquatic c>bon removal pa?ways2 7#b7 to det]m9e ! curr5t & project$ c>bon removal capacity ( atmosph]ic & aquatic c>bon removal pa?ways2 7#c7 to det]m9e ! curr5t & likely future te*nical read9ess ( c>bon removal te*nologies or approa*es = l>ge-scale c>bon removal deploym5t2 & 7#d7 to aid 9 ! comm]cialization ( c>bon removal te*nologies or approa*es4 7b7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,c>bon removal2 c>bon removal te*nology or approa* ,! t]ms c>bon removal & c>bon removal te*nology or approa* h ! mean+s giv5 ! t]ms 9 section #b ( ! ,c>bon ,removal & ,emissions ,/orage ,te*nologies ,act ( #bjbb4 7#b7 ,eligible entity ,! t]m eligible entity means any ( ! foll[+ entities3 7,a7 ,an in/itution ( high] education4 7,b7 ,a ,national ,laboratory4 7,c7 ,a ,f$]al rese>* ag5cy4 7,d7 ,a ,/ate rese>* ag5cy4 7,e7 ,a nonpr(it rese>* organization4 7,f7 ,an indu/rial entity4 7,g7 ,a consortium ( #b or m entities describ$ 9 subp>agraphs 7,a7 ?r\gh 7,f74 7#c7 ,secret>y ,! t]m ,secret>y means ! ,secret>y ( ,en]gy4 7c7 ,c>bon removal footpr9t program 7#a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,n lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section1 ! ,secret>y %all e/abli% a program to c>ry out ! purposes describ$ 9 subsection 7a71 includ+ by provid+ f9ancial assi/ance to eligible entities to exam9e ! te*nological1 economic1 & environm5tal impacts ( c>bon removal pa?ways & te*nologies4 7#b7 ,eligible activities ,activities eligible to receive f9ancial assi/ance "u ?is section include-- 7,a7 assessm5ts ( te*nological or economic b>ri]s to ! widescale deploym5t ( c>bon removal pa?ways & te*nologies2 & 7,b7 lifecycle assessm5ts = c>bon removal pa?ways & te*nologies1 includ+ ga!r+ data 9 p>tn]%ip ) a direct air capture te/ c5t] au?oriz$ "u section #ifi;,d7f77#a7 ( ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbih;d7f77#a774 7#c7 ,applications ,an eligible entity seek+ f9ancial assi/ance "u ?is section %all submit to ! ,secret>y an application t includes a description (-- 7,a7 ! applicable project2 7,b7 ! s(tw>e programs1 consultants1 & g5]al me?odologies to be us$ to conduct ! assessm5t2 7,c7 ! location ( any applicable facility or project2 7,d7 expect$ fe$/ocks & o!r inputs2 & 7,e7 ! expect$ use ( c>bon remov$4 7#d7 ,priority ,9 select+ eligible entities to receive f9ancial assi/ance "u ?is section1 ! ,secret>y %all give priority to eligible entities t-- 7,a7 make ! assessm5t publicly available1 ) confid5tial bus9ess in=mation r$act$ or remov$2 & 7,b7 h n previ\sly receiv$ f9ancial assi/ance "u ?is section4 4 7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = ! ,en]gy ,act ( #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-bfj2 #acd ,/at4 #bdai7 is am5d$ by ins]t+ aft] ! item relat+ to section #ejjb ! foll[+3 ,sec4 #ejjc4 ,quantify+ ! b5efits ( c>bon removal4 4 ,,ii ,c>bon removal pur*as+ pilot program #bja4 ,c>bon removal pur*as+ pilot program 7a7 ,9 g5]al ,subtitle ,f ( title ,,ix ( ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbia et seq47 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+3 #ifi;,e4 ,c>bon removal pur*as+ pilot program 7a7 ,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is section are-- 7#a7 to accel]ate ! deploym5t & comm]cialization ( c>bon removal pa?ways & te*nologies2 7#b7 to /imulate ! developm5t & comm]cialization ( l[-c>bon products made ) c>bon dioxide remov$ f ! atmosph]e or oceans2 & 7#c7 to support ! developm5t ( te*nologies relat+ to c>bon removal4 7b7 ,def9itions ,9 ?is section3 7#a7 ,additional ,! t]m additional1 ) respect to c>bon dioxide remov$ f ! atmosph]e or upp] hydrosph]e1 means t c>bon dioxide 0 remov$ pursuant to an int5tional c>bon removal activity t deliv]s a net removal ( c>bon dioxide f ! atmosph]e1 measur$ on a lifecycle basis1 t w\ld n h occurr$ )\t ! c>bon removal activity4 7#b7 ,all-9 co/ ,! t]m all-9 co/ means ! total co/ (-- 7,a7 ! capture1 transport1 & /orage ( c>bon dioxide2 & 7,b7 ! measurem5t1 report+1 & v]ification ( c>bon dioxide remov$ on a net ton c>bon dioxide equival5t basis4 7#c7 ,eligible entity ,! t]m eligible entity means a c>bon removal facility t-- 7,a7 is locat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7,b7 meets all applicable ,f$]al & ,/ate p]mitt+ requirem5ts2 & 7,c7 meets f9ancial & te*nical crit]ia e/abli%$ by ! ,secret>y4 7#d7 ,removal ,! t]m removal means-- 7,a7 ! capture ( c>bon dioxide f ! atmosph]e or upp] hydrosph]e ?r\gh a *emical1 physical1 or o!r process2 & 7,b7 ! subsequ5t p]man5t /orage or use ( ! c>bon dioxide 9 a mann] t ensures t ! c>bon dioxide does n re5t] ! atmosph]e or upp] hydrosph]e4 7#e7 ,upp] hydrosph]e ,! t]m upp] hydrosph]e means ! total liquid wat] exi/+ on ! surface level ( ! e>?1 includ+-- 7,a7 oceans2 7,b7 lakes2 7,c7 riv]s2 & 7,d7 o!r surface bodies ( wat]4 7c7 ,program 7#a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,! ,secret>y %all e/abli% a competitive pur*as+ pilot program "u :i* ! ,secret>y %all pur*ase f eligible entities c>bon dioxide remov$ f ! atmosph]e or upp] hydrosph]e4 7#b7 ,pur*ase ,9 c>ry+ out ! pilot program "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,secret>y %all pur*ase1 subject to ! availability ( appropriations1 remov$ c>bon dioxide f eligible entities-- 7,a7 until ! date on :i* ! fir/ rev]se auction is held "u p>agraph 7#c71 by mak+ a paym5t p] net ton c>bon equival5t basis to acc\nt = lifecycle gre5h\se gas inputs to c>bon removal 9 an am\nt det]m9$ by ! ,secret>y2 & 7,b7 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ rev]se auction held "u p>agraph 7#c71 9 accordance ) ! rev]se auction proc$ures describ$ 9 t p>agraph4 7#c7 ,rev]se auction proc$ures 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,n lat] ?an #b ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is section1 & annually !reaft]1 ! ,secret>y %all conduct a rev]se auction "u :i*-- 7i7 ! ,secret>y %all solicit bids f eligible entities 9 ea* ti] describ$ 9 subp>agraph 7,b77ii7 7ref]r$ to 9 ?is section z a p]man5ce ti]72 & 7ii7 eligible entities %all submit to ! ,secret>y seal$ bids describ+-- 7,i7 a desir$ price = ! remov$ c>bon dioxide on a p] net ton c>bon dioxide equival5t basis2 7,,ii7 ! e/imat$ net ton c>bon dioxide equival5t remov$ by ! eligible entity annually t ! eligible entity desires ! ,secret>y to pur*ase at ! desir$ price2 7,,iii7 details ( ! p]man5ce ( ! remov$ c>bon dioxide2 7,,iv7 details on ! purity1 location1 & transportation options = ! remov$ c>bon dioxide to be pur*as$ by ! ,secret>y = purposes ( ! all-9 co/s2 7,v7 a lifecycle assessm5t ( ! op]ation to quantify ! net c>bon dioxide remov$1 :ile acc\nt+ = gre5h\se gas emissions associat$ ) ! production ( ! inputs necess>y = ! c>bon dioxide removal & /orage processes2 & 7,,vi7 any o!r details ! ,secret>y may require4 7,b7 ,selection 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,secret>y %all-- 7,i7 exam9e ! bids submitt$ "u subp>agraph 7,a77ii7 to det]m9e :i* bids are acceptable "u ! crit]ia e/abli%$ by ! ,secret>y = ! applicable p]man5ce ti]2 & 7,,ii7 ( ! bids det]m9$ to be acceptable "u subclause 7,i71 select ! bids conta9+ ! l[e/ desir$ price = c>bon dioxide until ! am\nt ( funds available = ! applicable p]man5ce ti] ( ! rev]se auction is obligat$4 7ii7 ,p]man5ce ti]s ,9 select+ bids "u clause 7i71 ! ,secret>y %all gr\p ! p]man5ce ( ea* c>bon removal bid into #a ( ! foll[+ #b ti]s3 7,i7 ,m$ium-t]m ti] = bids provid+ = ! removal ( c>bon dioxide = at lea/ #ajj ye>s1 b few] ?an #a1jjj ye>s4 7,,ii7 ,long-t]m ti] = bids provid+ = ! removal ( c>bon dioxide = #a1jjj ye>s or m4 7iii7 ,priority ,9 any case 9 :i* ! desir$ price 9 #b or m bids submitt$ "u subp>agraph 7,a77ii7 = an applicable p]man5ce ti] is equal1 ! ,secret>y %all give priority to eligible entities t demon/rate out/&+ pot5tial = local & regional economic developm5t 9 c>ry+ out projects to remove c>bon dioxide f ambi5t air or aquatic s\rces4 7#d7 ,co/ cap 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 = purposes ( a rev]se auction "u p>agraph 7#c71 ! ,secret>y %all-- 7i7 det]m9e ! curr5t av]age m>ket price p] net ton c>bon dioxide equival5t basis to acc\nt = lifecycle gre5h\se gas inputs ( remov$ c>bon )9 ea* p]man5ce ti]2 & 7ii7 set t price z ! maximum price p] ton to be paid "u ! rev]se auction )9 ea* p]man5ce ti]4 7,b7 ,increas$ cap ,9 ! case ( an eligible entity t uses a te*nology t has ! pot5tial to ev5tually remove c>bon dioxide at an all-9 co/ ( less ?an #ajj p] net ton c>bon dioxide equival5t1 ! ,secret>y %all d\ble ! maximum price p] net ton c>bon dioxide equival5t e/abli%$ "u subp>agraph 7,a77ii7 ) respect to ! eligible entity4 7#e7 ,requirem5t ,9 pur*as+ remov$ c>bon dioxide "u ! program "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,secret>y %all det]m9e t ! c>bon dioxide-- 7,a7 is additional2 7,b7 %all be deliv]$ n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date ( ! pur*ase2 7,c7 %all h a monitor+1 report+1 & v]ification plan approv$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,en]gy2 & 7,d7 has n less ?an a #ii p]c5t likelihood ( be+ /or$ = n few] ?an #ajj ye>s4 7d7 ,use ( c>bon dioxide ,c>bon dioxide pur*as$ "u ! pilot program "u subsection 7c71 at ! discretion ( ! ,secret>y1 may be us$ or /or$ 9 any mann] t ensures t ! c>bon dioxide does n re5t] ! atmosph]e or upp] hydrosph]e dur+ ! "t p]iod associat$ ) ! applicable p]man5ce ti]4 7e7 ,pilot program coord9ation ,am\nts made available "u ?is section may be made available to c>ry out pilot & demon/ration projects describ$ 9 section #ifi;,d7f77#b77;,b7 & section #ifi;,d7g74 7f7 ,confid5tiality ,! ,secret>y %all e/abli% proc$ures to ensure t any confid5tial1 private1 propriet>y1 or privileg$ in=mation t is includ$ 9 a seal$ bid submitt$ "u ?is section is n publicly disclos$ or o!rwise improp]ly us$4 7g7 ,au?orization ( appropriations 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,secret>y to c>ry out ?is section-- 7,a7 #bj1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbc2 7,b7 #cj1jjj1jjj = fiscal ye> #bjbd2 & 7,c7 #fj1jjj1jjj = ea* ( fiscal ye>s #bjbe ?r\gh #bjbg4 7#b7 ,allocation ,am\nts made available "u p>agraph 7#a7 = ea* fiscal ye> %all be allocat$ betwe5 ! p]man5ce ti]s z foll[s3 7,a7 #gj p]c5t %all be allocat$ = ! p]man5ce ti] describ$ 9 subsection 7c77#c77;,b77ii77,,ii74 7,b7 #cj p]c5t %all be allocat$ = ! p]man5ce ti] describ$ 9 subsection 7c77#c77;,b77ii77,i74 4 7b7 ,cl]ical am5dm5t ,! table ( cont5ts = ! ,en]gy ,policy ,act ( #bjje 7,public ,law #aji-ei2 #aai ,/at4 #fjj2 #acd ,/at4 #beej7 is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ( ! items relat+ to subtitle ,f ( title ,,ix ! foll[+3 ,sec4 #ifi;,e4 ,c>bon removal pur*as+ pilot program4 4