,,ii #aagth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #djgd ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,april #g1 #bjbb,mr4 ,cornyn 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,booker1 ,mr4 ,portman1 ,mr4 ,coons1 ,mr4 ,graham1 and ,mr4 ,carper7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations ,a ,,bill ,to prevent future pandemics1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,preventing ,future ,pandemics ,act of #bjbb 4 #b4 ,definitions ,in this ,act3 7#a7 ,appropriate congressional committees ,the term appropriate congressional committees means-- 7,a7 the ,committee on ,foreign ,relations of the ,senate2 7,b7 the ,committee on ,appropriations of the ,senate2 7,c7 the ,committee on ,foreign ,affairs of the ,house of ,representatives2 and 7,d7 the ,committee on ,appropriations of the ,house of ,representatives4 7#b7 ,commercial trade in live wildlife ,the term commercial trade in live wildlife-- 7,a7 means commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption as food or medicine1 whether the animals originated in the wild or in a captive environment2 and 7,b7 does not include-- 7i7 fish2 7ii7 invertebrates2 7iii7 amphibians and reptiles2 and 7iv7 the meat of ruminant game species-- 7,i7 traded in markets in countries with effective implementation and enforcement of scientifically based1 nationally implemented policies and legislation for processing1 trans-port1 trade1 and marketing2 and 7,,ii7 sold after being slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions4 7#c7 ,one health ,the term ,one ,health means a collaborative1 multi-sectoral1 and transdisciplinary approach working at the local1 regional1 national1 and global levels with the goal of achieving optimal health outcomes that recognizes the interconnection between-- 7,a7 people1 animals1 both wild and domestic1 and plants2 and 7,b7 the environment shared by such people1 animals1 and plants4 7#d7 ,wildlife market ,the term wildlife market-- 7,a7 means a commercial market or subsection of a commercial market-- 7i7 where live mammalian or avian wildlife is held1 slaughtered1 or sold for human consumption as food or medicine whether the animals originated in the wild or in a captive environment2 and 7ii7 that delivers a product in communities where alternative nutritional or protein sources are readily available and affordable2 and 7,b7 does not include-- 7i7 markets in areas where no other practical alternative sources of protein or meat exists1 such as wildlife markets in rural areas on which indigenous people and rural local communities rely to feed them-selves and their families2 and 7ii7 processors of dead wild game and fish4 #c4 ,country-driven approach to end the commercial trade in live wildlife and associated wildlife markets 7a7 ,in general ,not later than #abj days after the completion of the first report required under section #f1 the ,secretary of ,state1 in coordination with the ,administrator of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development and the heads of other relevant ,federal departments and agencies1 including the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 the ,secretary of ,agriculture1 and the ,secretary of the ,interior1 and after consideration of the results of best available scientific findings of practices and behaviors occurring at the source of zoonoses spillover and spread1 shall publicly release a list of countries the governments of which express willingness to end the domestic and international commercial trade in live wildlife and associated wildlife markets for human consumption1 as defined for purposes of this ,act-- 7#a7 immediately2 7#b7 after a transitional period2 and 7#c7 aspirationally1 over a long-term period4 7b7 ,global health security zoonosis plans ,the ,secretary of ,state and the ,administrator of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development shall work bilaterally with the governments of the countries listed pursuant to subsection 7a7 to establish ,global ,health ,security ,zoonoses ,plans that-- 7#a7 outline actions to address novel pathogens of zoonotic origin that have the potential to become epidemics or pandemics2 7#b7 identify incentives and strengthened policies2 and 7#c7 provide technical support to communities1 policy makers1 civil society1 law enforcement1 and other stakeholders to-- 7,a7 end the domestic and international commercial trade in live wildlife and associated wildlife markets for human consumption immediately1 during a transitional period1 or aspirationally2 and 7,b7 improve the biosecurity and sanitation conditions in markets4 7c7 ,updates ,the list of countries required by subsection 7a71 the corresponding ,global ,health ,security ,zoonosis plans established pursuant to subsection 7b71 and any actions taken under such plans to end the commercial trade in live wildlife and associated wildlife markets for human consumption immediately1 during a transitional period1 or aspirationally1 shall be reviewed1 updated1 and publicly released annually by the ,secretary and ,administrator1 following review of the most recent scientific data4 #d4 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that global institutions1 including the ,food and ,agriculture ,organization of the ,united ,nations1 the ,world ,organisation for ,animal ,health1 the ,world ,health ,organization1 and the ,united ,nations ,environment ,programme1 together with leading intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations1 veterinary and medical colleges1 the ,department of ,state1 and the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 should-- 7#a7 promote the paradigm of ,one ,health as an effective and integrated way to address the complexity of emerging disease threats2 and 7#b7 support improved community health1 biodiversity conservation1 forest conservation and management1 sustainable agriculture1 and the safety of livestock1 domestic animals1 and wildlife in developing countries1 particularly in tropical landscapes where there is an elevated risk of zoonotic disease spill over4 #e4 ,statement of policy ,it is the policy of the ,united ,states to-- 7#a7 support the availability of scalable and sustainable alternative sources of protein and nutrition for local communities1 where appropriate1 in order to minimize human reliance on the commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption2 7#b7 support foreign governments to-- 7,a7 reduce commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption2 7,b7 transition from the commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption to sustainably produced alternate protein and nutritional sources2 7,c7 establish and effectively manage and protect natural habitat1 including protected and conserved areas and the lands of ,indigenous peoples and local communities1 particularly in countries with tropical forest hotspots for emerging diseases2 7,d7 strengthen veterinary and agricultural extension capacity to improve sanitation along the value chain and biosecurity of live animal markets2 and 7,e7 strengthen public health capacity1 particularly in countries where there is a high risk of emerging zoonotic viruses and other infectious diseases2 7#c7 respect the rights and needs of indigenous peoples and local communities dependent on such wildlife for nutritional needs and food security2 and 7#d7 facilitate international cooperation by working with international partners through intergovernmental1 international1 and nongovernmental organizations such as the ,united ,nations to-- 7,a7 lead a resolution at the ,united ,nations ,security ,council or ,general ,assembly and ,world ,health ,assembly outlining the danger to human and animal health from emerging zoonotic infectious diseases1 with recommendations for implementing the closure of wildlife markets and prevention of the commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption1 except where the consumption of wildlife is necessary for local food security or where such actions would significantly disrupt a readily available and irreplaceable food supply2 7,b7 raise awareness and build stakeholder engagement networks1 including civil society1 the private sector1 and local and regional governments on the dangerous potential of wildlife markets as a source of zoonotic diseases and reduce demand for the consumption of wildlife through evidence-based behavior change programs1 while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process2 7,c7 encourage and support alternative forms of sustainable food production1 farming1 and shifts to sustainable sources of protein and nutrition instead of terrestrial wildlife1 where able and appropriate1 and reduce consumer demand for terrestrial and freshwater wildlife through enhanced local and national food systems1 especially in areas where wildlife markets play a significant role in meeting subsistence needs while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process2 and 7,d7 strive to increase biosecurity and hygienic standards implemented in farms1 gathering centers1 transport1 and market systems around the globe1 especially those specializing in the provision of products intended for human consumption4 #f4 ,prevention of future zoonotic spillover event 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,state and the ,administrator of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,united ,states ,fish and ,wildlife ,service1 the ,secretary of ,agriculture1 the ,director of the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 and the heads of other relevant departments and agencies1 shall work with foreign governments1 multilateral entities1 intergovernmental organizations1 international partners1 private sector partners1 and nongovernmental organizations to carry out activities supporting the following objectives1 recognizing that multiple interventions will likely be necessary to make an impact1 and that interventions will need to be tailored to the situation to-- 7#a7 pursuant to section #c1 close wildlife markets and prevent associated commercial trade in live wildlife1 placing a priority focus on countries with significant markets for live wildlife for human consumption1 high-volume commercial trade and associated markets1 trade in and across urban centers1 and trade for luxury consumption or where there is no dietary necessity-- 7,a7 through existing treaties1 conventions1 and agreements2 7,b7 by amending existing protocols or agreements2 7,c7 by pursuing new protocols2 or 7,d7 by other means of international coordination2 7#b7 improve regulatory oversight and reduce commercial trade in live wildlife and eliminate practices identified to contribute to zoonotic spillover and emerging pathogens2 7#c7 prevent commercial trade in live wildlife through programs that combat wildlife trafficking and poaching1 including-- 7,a7 providing assistance to improve law enforcement2 7,b7 detecting and deterring the illegal import1 transit1 sale1 and export of wildlife2 7,c7 strengthening such programs to assist countries through legal reform2 7,d7 improving information sharing and enhancing capabilities of participating foreign governments2 7,e7 supporting efforts to change behavior and reduce demand for such wildlife products2 7,f7 leveraging ,united ,states private sector technologies and expertise to scale and enhance enforcement responses to detect and prevent such trade2 and 7,g7 strengthening collaboration with key private sector entities in the transportation industry to prevent and report the transport of such wildlife and wildlife products2 7#d7 leverage strong ,united ,states bilateral relationships to support new and existing inter-,ministerial collaborations or ,task ,forces that can serve as regional ,one ,health models2 7#e7 build local agricultural and food safety capacity by leveraging expertise from the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture 7,,usda7 and institutions of higher education with agricultural or natural resource expertise2 7#f7 work through international organizations to help develop a set of objective risk-based metrics that provide a cross-country comparable measure of the level of risk posed by wildlife trade and marketing and can be used to track progress nations make in reducing risks1 identify where resources should be focused1 and potentially leverage a peer influence effect2 7#g7 increase efforts to prevent the degradation and fragmentation of forests and other intact ecosystems to minimize interactions between wildlife and human and livestock populations that could contribute to spillover events and zoonotic disease transmission1 including by providing assistance or supporting policies to1 for example-- 7,a7 conserve1 protect1 and restore the integrity of such ecosystems2 7,b7 support the rights and needs of ,indigenous ,people and local communities and their ability to continue their effective stewardship of their traditional lands and territories2 7,c7 support the establishment and effective management of protected areas1 prioritizing highly intact areas2 and 7,d7 prevent activities that result in the destruction1 degradation1 fragmentation1 or conversion of intact forests and other intact ecosystems and biodiversity strongholds1 including by governments1 private sector entities1 and multilateral development financial institutions2 7#h7 offer appropriate alternative livelihood and worker training programs and enterprise development to wildlife traders1 wildlife breeders1 and local communities whose members are engaged in the commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption2 7#i7 ensure that the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities are respected and their authority to exercise these rights is protected2 7#aj7 strengthen global capacity for prevention1 prediction1 and detection of novel and existing zoonoses with pandemic potential1 including the support of innovative technologies in coordination with the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 and other relevant departments and agencies2 and 7#aa7 support the development of ,one ,health systems at the local1 regional1 national1 and global levels in coordination with the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 and other relevant departments and agencies1 particularly in emerging infectious disease hotspots1 through a collaborative1 multisectoral1 and transdisciplinary approach that recognizes the interconnections among people1 animals1 plants1 and their shared environment to achieve equitable and sustainable health outcomes4 7b7 ,activities may include 7#a7 ,global cooperation ,the ,united ,states ,government1 working through the ,united ,nations and its components1 as well as international organization such as ,interpol1 the ,food and ,agriculture ,organization of the ,united ,nations1 and the ,world ,organisation for ,animal ,health1 and in furtherance of the policies described in section #e1 shall-- 7,a7 collaborate with other member ,states1 issue declarations1 statements1 and communiques urging countries to close wildlife markets1 and prevent commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption2 and 7,b7 urge increased enforcement of existing laws to end wildlife trafficking4 7#b7 ,international coalitions ,the ,secretary of ,state shall seek to build new1 and support existing1 international coalitions focused on closing wildlife markets and preventing commercial trade in live wildlife for human consumption1 with a focus on the following efforts3 7,a7 ,providing assistance and advice to other governments in the adoption of legislation and regulations to close wildlife markets and associated trade over such timeframe and in such manner as to minimize the increase of wildlife trafficking and poaching4 7,b7 ,creating economic and enforcement pressure for the immediate shut down of uncontrolled1 unsanitary1 or illicit wildlife markets and their supply chains to prevent their operation4 7,c7 ,providing assistance and guidance to other governments on measures to prohibit the import1 export1 and domestic commercial trade in live wildlife for the purpose of human consumption4 7,d7 ,implementing risk reduction interventions and control options to address zoonotic spillover along the supply chain for the wildlife market system4 7,e7 ,engaging and receiving guidance from key stakeholders at the ministerial1 local government1 and civil society level1 including ,indigenous ,peoples1 in countries that will be impacted by this ,act and where wildlife markets and associated wildlife trade are the predominant source of meat or protein1 in order to mitigate the impact of any international efforts on food security1 nutrition1 local customs1 conservation methods1 or cultural norms4 7c7 ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development 7#a7 ,sustainable food systems funding 7,a7 ,authorization of appropriations ,in addition to any other amounts provided for such purposes1 there is authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary for each of fiscal years #bjbc through #bjcb to the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development to reduce demand for consumption of wildlife from wildlife markets and support shifts to diversified alternative and sustainably produced sources of nutritious food and protein in communities that rely upon the consumption of wildlife for food security1 while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process1 using a multisectoral approach and including support for demonstration programs4 7,b7 ,activities ,the ,bureau for ,development1 ,democracy and ,innovation 7,,ddi71 the ,bureau for ,resilience and ,food ,security 7,,rfs71 and the ,bureau for ,global ,health 7,,gh7 of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development shall1 in partnership with ,united ,states and international institutions of higher education and nongovernmental organizations1 co-develop approaches focused on safe1 sustainable food systems that support and incentivize the replacement of terrestrial wildlife in diets1 while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process4 7#b7 ,addressing threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks ,the ,administrator of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 in consultation with the ,secretary of the ,interior1 shall increase activities in ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development programs related to conserving biodiversity1 combating wildlife trafficking1 sustainable landscapes1 global health1 food security1 and resilience in order to address the threats and causes of zoonotic disease outbreaks1 including through-- 7,a7 education2 7,b7 capacity building2 7,c7 strengthening human1 livestock1 and wildlife health monitoring systems of pathogens of zoonotic origin to support early detection and reporting of novel and known pathogens for emergence of zoonotic disease and strengthening cross-sectoral collaboration to align risk reduction approaches in consultation with the ,director of the ,centers for ,disease ,control and the ,secretary of ,health and ,human ,services2 7,d7 improved domestic and wild animal disease monitoring and control at production and market levels2 7,e7 development of alternative livelihood opportunities where possible2 7,f7 preventing degradation and fragmentation of forests and other intact ecosystems and restoring the integrity of such ecosystems1 particularly in tropical countries1 to prevent the creation of new pathways for zoonotic pathogen transmission that arise from interactions among wildlife1 humans1 and livestock populations2 7,g7 minimizing interactions between domestic livestock and wild animals in markets and captive production2 7,h7 supporting shifts from wildlife markets to diversified1 safe1 affordable1 and accessible alternative sources of protein and nutrition through enhanced local and national food systems while ensuring that existing wildlife habitat is not encroached upon or destroyed as part of this process2 7,i7 improving community health1 forest management practices1 and safety of livestock production in tropical landscapes1 particularly in hotspots for zoonotic spillover and emerging infectious diseases2 7,j7 preventing degradation and fragmentation of forests and other intact ecosystems1 particularly in tropical countries1 to minimize interactions between wildlife1 human1 and livestock populations that could contribute to spillover events and zoonotic disease transmission1 including by providing assistance or supporting policies to-- 7i7 conserve1 protect1 and restore the integrity of such ecosystems2 and 7ii7 support the rights of ,indigenous ,people and local communities and their ability to continue their effective steward ship of their intact traditional lands and territories2 7,k7 supporting development and use of multi-data sourced predictive models and decisionmaking tools to identify areas of highest probability of zoonotic spillover and to determine cost-effective monitoring and mitigation approaches2 and 7,l7 other relevant activities described in this section that are within the mandate of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development4 7d7 ,staffing requirements ,the ,administrator of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development1 in collaboration with the ,united ,states ,fish and ,wildlife ,service1 the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture ,animal and ,plant ,health ,inspection ,service1 the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention1 and other ,federal entities as appropriate1 is authorized to hire additional personnel-- 7#a7 to undertake programs aimed at reducing the risks of endemic and emerging infectious diseases and exposure to antimicrobial resistant pathogens2 7#b7 to provide administrative support and resources to ensure effective and efficient coordination of funding opportunities and sharing of expertise from relevant ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development bureaus and programs1 including emerging pandemic threats2 7#c7 to award funding to on-the-ground projects2 7#d7 to provide project oversight to ensure accountability and transparency in all phases of the award process2 and 7#e7 to undertake additional activities under this ,act4 7e7 ,reporting requirements 7#a7 ,department of ,state and ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the date of the enactment of this ,act1 and annually thereafter until #bjcj1 the ,secretary of ,state and the ,administrator of the ,united ,states ,agency for ,international ,development shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report-- 7i7 describing-- 7,i7 the actions taken pursuant to this ,act and the provision of ,united ,states technical assistance2 7,,ii7 the impact and effectiveness of international cooperation on shutting down wildlife markets2 7,,iii7 partnerships developed with other institutions of higher learning and nongovernmental organizations2 and 7,,iv7 the impact and effectiveness of international cooperation on preventing the import1 export1 and domestic commercial trade in live wildlife for the purpose of human use as food or medicine1 while accounting for the differentiated needs of vulnerable populations who depend upon such wildlife as a predominant source of meat or protein2 7ii7 identifying-- 7,i7 foreign countries that continue to enable the operation of wildlife markets as defined by this ,act and the associated trade of wildlife products for human use as food or medicine that feeds such markets2 7,,ii7 recommendations for incentivizing or enforcing compliance with laws and policies to close wildlife markets pursuant to section #c and uncontrolled1 unsanitary1 or illicit wildlife markets and end the associated commercial trade in live wildlife for human use as food or medicine1 which may include visa restrictions and other diplomatic or economic tools2 and 7,,iii7 summarizing additional personnel hired with funding authorized under this ,act1 including the number hired in each bureau4 7,b7 ,initial report ,the first report submitted under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include1 in addition to the elements described in such subparagraph1 a summary of existing research and findings related to the risk live wildlife markets pose to human health through the emergence or reemergence of pathogens and activities to reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover4 7,c7 ,form ,the report required under this paragraph shall be submitted in unclassified form1 but may include a classified annex4 #g4 ,law enforcement attache deployment 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of the ,interior1 acting through the ,director of the ,united ,states ,fish and ,wildlife ,service1 and in consultation with the ,secretary of ,state1 shall require the ,chief of ,law ,enforcement of the ,united ,states ,fish and ,wildlife ,service to hire1 train1 and deploy not fewer than #ej new ,united ,states ,fish and ,wildlife ,service law enforcement attaches1 and appropriate additional support staff1 at #a or more ,united ,states embassies1 consulates1 commands1 or other facilities-- 7#a7 in #a or more countries designated as a focus country or a country of concern in the most recent report submitted under section #bja of the ,eliminate1 ,neutralize1 and ,disrupt ,wildlife ,trafficking ,act of #bjaf 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #gfba72 and 7#b7 in such additional countries or regions1 as determined by the ,secretary of the ,interior1 that are known or suspected to be a source of illegal trade of species listed-- 7,a7 as a threatened species or an endangered species under the ,endangered ,species ,act of #aigc 7#af ,u4,s4,c4 #aeca et seq472 or 7,b7 under appendix ,i of the ,convention on ,international ,trade in ,endangered ,species of ,wild ,fauna and ,flora1 done at ,washington ,march #c1 #aigc 7#bg ,,ust #ajhg2 ,,tias #hbdi74 7b7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section #aej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbc through #bjcb4 #h4 ,reservation of rights ,nothing in this ,act shall restrict or otherwise prohibit-- 7#a7 legal and regulated hunting1 fishing1 or trapping activities for subsistence1 sport1 or recreation2 or 7#b7 the lawful domestic and international transport of legally harvested fish or wildlife trophies4