,,ii #aagth ,,congress #b;d ,session ,s4 #cfii ,,in ,,the ,,senate ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,february #ag1 #bjbb,mr4 ,manchin 7for himself1 ,mr4 ,barrasso1 ,mr4 ,durbin1 and ,mrs4 ,blackburn7 introduced the following bill2 which was read twice and referred to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources ,a ,,bill ,to provide guidance for and investment in the research and development activities of the ,department of ,energy ,office of ,science1 and for other purposes4 #a4 ,short title ,this ,act may be cited as the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb4 #b4 ,mission of the ,office of ,science ,section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7d7 ,user facilities ,the ,director shall carry out the construction1 operation1 and maintenance of user facilities to support the mission described in subsection 7c74 ,as practicable1 these facilities shall serve the needs of the ,department1 industry1 the academic community1 and other relevant entities for the purposes of advancing the missions of the ,department1 improving the competitiveness of the ,united ,states1 protecting public health and safety1 and addressing other national priorities including emergencies4 7e7 ,coordination 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary-- 7,a7 shall ensure the coordination of the ,office of ,science with the other activities of the ,department1 including the transfer of knowledge1 capabilities1 and relevant technologies from basic research programs of the ,department to applied research and development programs of the ,department for the purpose of enabling development of mission-relevant technologies2 7,b7 shall support joint activities among the programs of the ,department2 7,c7 shall coordinate with other relevant ,federal agencies in supporting advancements in related research areas as appropriate2 and 7,d7 may form partnerships to enhance the utilization of and ensure access to user facilities by other ,federal agencies4 7#b7 ,office of ,science ,the ,director-- 7,a7 shall ensure the coordination of programs and activities carried out by the ,office of ,science2 and 7,b7 shall direct all programs which have not recently completed a future planning roadmap consistent with the funding of such programs authorized under the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb to complete such a roadmap4 4 #c4 ,basic energy sciences program 7a7 ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act ,section #cjc of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfda7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating subsections 7a7 through 7e7 as subsections 7c7 through 7g71 respectively2 7#b7 by inserting before subsection 7c71 as so redesignated1 the following3 7a7 ,program ,as part of the activities authorized under section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci71 the ,director shall carry out a research and development program in basic energy sciences1 including materials sciences and engineering1 chemical sciences1 physical biosciences1 geosciences1 and other disciplines1 to understand1 model1 and control matter and energy at the electronic1 atomic1 and molecular levels in order to provide the foundations for new energy technologies1 address scientific grand challenges1 and support the energy1 environment1 and national security missions of the ,department4 7b7 ,sustainable chemistry ,in carrying out chemistry-related research and development activities under this section1 the ,director shall prioritize research and development of sustainable chemistry to support clean1 safe1 and economic alternatives and methodologies to traditional chemical products and processes4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7d71 as so redesignated-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#c7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking and at the end2 7ii7 by redesignating subparagraph 7,d7 as subparagraph 7,e72 and 7iii7 by inserting after subparagraph 7,c7 the following3 7,d7 autonomous chemistry and materials synthesis and characterization facilities that leverage advances in artificial intelligence2 and 2 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following3 7#d7 ,advanced photon source upgrade 7,a7 ,definitions ,in this paragraph3 7i7 ,flux ,the term flux means the rate of flow of photons4 7ii7 ,hard x-ray ,the term hard x-ray means a photon with energy greater than #bj kiloelectron volts4 7,b7 ,upgrade ,the ,secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the ,advanced ,photon ,source described in the publication approved by the ,basic ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee on ,june #i1 #bjaf1 entitled ,report on ,facility ,upgrades1 including the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the hard x-ray energy region and a suite of beamlines optimized for this source4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before ,march #ca1 #bjbf4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph #aja1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb and #ef1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc4 7#e7 ,spallation neutron source proton power upgrade 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for the proton power upgrade to the ,spallation ,neutron ,source4 7,b7 ,proton power upgrade defined ,in this paragraph1 the term proton power upgrade means the ,spallation ,neutron ,source power upgrade described in-- 7i7 the publication entitled ,facilities for the ,future of ,science3 ,a ,twenty-,year ,outlook1 published by the ,office of ,science of the ,department in ,december1 #bjjc2 7ii7 the publication entitled ,four ,years ,later3 ,an ,interim ,report on ,facilities for the ,future of ,science3 ,a ,twenty-,year ,outlook1 published by the ,office of ,science of the ,department in ,august1 #bjjg2 and 7iii7 the publication approved by the ,basic ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee on ,june #i1 #bjaf1 entitled ,report on ,facility ,upgrades4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before ,july #cj1 #bjbh1 with the option for early operation in #bjbe4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph #di1hjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb4 7#f7 ,spallation neutron source second target station 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for a second target station for the ,spallation ,neutron ,source4 7,b7 ,second target station defined ,in this paragraph1 the term second target station means the ,spallation ,neutron ,source second target station described in-- 7i7 the publication entitled1 ,facilities for the ,future of ,science3 ,a ,twenty-,year ,outlook1 published by the ,office of ,science of the ,department in ,december1 #bjjc2 7ii7 the publication entitled1 ,four ,years ,later3 ,an ,interim ,report on ,facilities for the ,future of ,science3 ,a ,twenty-,year ,outlook1 published by the ,office of ,science of the ,department in ,august1 #bjjg2 and 7iii7 the publication approved by the ,basic ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee on ,june #i1 #bjaf1 entitled ,report on ,facility ,upgrades4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the second target station under this paragraph occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjcc1 with the option for early operation in #bjbi4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph1 including construction-- 7i7 #gj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #abg1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #bjd1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #bgi1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #cjj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#g7 ,advanced light source upgrade 7,a7 ,definitions ,in this paragraph3 7i7 ,flux ,the term flux means the rate of flow of photons4 7ii7 ,soft x-ray ,the term soft x-ray means a photon with energy in the range from #ej to #b1jjj electron volts4 7,b7 ,upgrade ,the ,secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the ,advanced ,light ,source described in the publication approved by the ,basic ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee on ,june #i1 #bjaf1 entitled ,report on ,facility ,upgrades1 including the development of a multibend achromat lattice to produce a high flux of coherent x-rays within the soft x-ray energy region4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before ,september #cj1 #bjbi4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph-- 7i7 #ge1ajj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #ace1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #ajb1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #be1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #bf1djj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#h7 ,linac coherent light source ,,ii high energy upgrade 7,a7 ,definitions ,in this paragraph3 7i7 ,high energy ,the term high energy1 with respect to an x-ray1 means a photon with an energy in the #e to #ac kiloelectron volt range4 7ii7 ,high repetition rate ,the term high repetition rate means the delivery of x-ray pulses up to #a1jjj1jjj pulses per second4 7iii7 ,ultra-short pulse ,the term ultra-short pulse1 with respect to an x-ray1 means that the x-ray has bursts capable of durations of less than #ajj femtoseconds4 7,b7 ,upgrade ,the ,secretary shall-- 7i7 provide for the upgrade to the ,linac ,coherent ,light ,source ,,ii facility described in the publication approved by the ,basic ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee on ,june #i1 #bjaf1 entitled ,report on ,facility ,upgrades1 including the development of experimental capabilities for high energy x-rays to reveal fundamental scientific discoveries2 and 7ii7 ensure such upgrade enables the production and use of high energy1 ultra-short pulse x-rays delivered at a high repetition rate4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the upgrade under this paragraph occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjbf4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the upgrade under this paragraph-- 7i7 #ajf1ibe1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #abe1ibe1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #aae1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #hi1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #di1cdd1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#i7 ,cryomodule repair and maintenance facility 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for the construction of a cryomodule repair and maintenance facility to service the ,linac ,coherent ,light ,source ,,ii and subsequent upgrades4 7,b7 ,consultation required ,the ,secretary shall consult with the private sector1 institutions of higher education1 ,national ,laboratories1 and relevant ,federal agencies to ensure that the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 has the capability to maintain1 repair1 and test superconducting radio frequency accelerator components4 7,c7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities under this paragraph-- 7i7 #ai1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #be1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #be1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 and 7iv7 #ag1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 7#aj7 ,nanoscale science research center recapitalization project 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for the recapitalization of the ,nanoscale ,science ,research ,centers1 to include the upgrade of equipment at each ,center supported by the ,office of ,science on the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 to accelerate advances in the various fields of science including nanoscience1 materials1 chemistry1 biology1 and quantum information science4 7,b7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the recapitalization under this paragraph-- 7i7 #bj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #cj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #bj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 and 7iv7 #bj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 7#aa7 ,national ,synchrotron ,light ,source ,,ii ,beamline ,buildout 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for the development and construction of beamlines to provide significant additional capacity1 complement the existing portfolio of beamlines1 and complete the buildout of the ,national ,synchrotron ,light ,source ,,ii4 7,b7 ,start of operations ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the ,secretary-- 7i7 shall begin carrying out subparagraph 7,a7 not later than ,september #cj1 #bjcf2 and 7ii7 may begin carrying out subparagraph 7,a7-- 7,i7 in calendar year #bjcc2 or 7,,ii7 after the construction of individual beamlines is complete4 7,c7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this paragraph4 2 and 7#d7 by adding at the end the following3 7h7 ,computational materials and chemical sciences 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall support a program of research and development for the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research problems in chemistry and materials science4 ,research activities shall include-- 7,a7 chemical catalysis research and development2 7,b7 the use of large data sets to model materials phenomena1 including through advanced characterization of materials1 materials synthesis1 processing1 and innovative use of experimental and theoretical data2 7,c7 codesign of chemical system and chemistry modeling software with advanced computing systems and hardware technologies2 and 7,d7 modeling of chemical processes1 assemblies1 and reactions such as molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry1 including through novel computing methods4 7#b7 ,computational materials and chemical sciences centers 7,a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall select and establish up to #f computational materials and chemical sciences centers to-- 7i7 develop open-source1 robust1 and validated computational codes and user-friendly software1 coupled with innovative use of experimental and theoretical data1 to enable the design1 discovery1 and development of new materials and chemical systems2 and 7ii7 focus on overcoming challenges and maximizing the benefits of exascale and other high performance computing underpinned by accelerated node technologies4 7,b7 ,selection ,the ,director shall select centers under subparagraph 7,a7 on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis4 ,the ,director shall consider applications from the ,national ,laboratories1 institutes of higher education1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and other appropriate entities4 7,c7 ,duration 7i7 ,new centers ,a center selected under subparagraph 7,a7 shall receive support for a period of not more than #e years beginning on the date of establishment of that center1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 7ii7 ,existing centers ,a center already in existence on the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb may continue to receive support for a period of not more than #e years beginning on the date of establishment of that center4 7,d7 ,renewal ,upon the expiration of any period of support of a center under this subsection1 the ,director may renew support for the center1 on a merit-reviewed basis1 for a period of not more than #e years4 7,e7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary such sums as are necessary to carry out this paragraph4 7i7 ,materials research database 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall support the development of a web-based platform to develop and provide access to a database of computed information on known and predicted materials properties and computational tools to accelerate breakthroughs in materials discovery and design4 7#b7 ,program ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,director shall-- 7,a7 conduct cooperative research among ,national ,laboratories1 industry1 academia1 and other research institutions to advance understanding1 prediction1 and manipulation of materials and facilitate the design of novel materials2 7,b7 develop and maintain data infrastructure at user facilities that generate data to collect1 analyze1 label1 and otherwise prepare the data for inclusion in the database2 7,c7 leverage existing high performance computing systems to conduct high throughput calculations1 and develop computational and data mining algorithms for the prediction of material properties2 7,d7 strengthen the foundation for new technologies and advanced manufacturing2 and 7,e7 drive the development of advanced materials for applications that span the ,department's missions in energy1 environment1 and national security4 7#c7 ,coordination ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,director shall leverage programs and activities across the ,department1 including computational materials and chemical sciences centers established under subsection 7h74 7#d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7j71 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #aj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 7j7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #b1hgg1gje1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #b1igh1hif1fjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #c1afi1dhi1fab for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #c1caa1fih1hhe for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #c1dda1fea1fjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7b7 ,artificial photosynthesis ,section #igc of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afcac7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b71 by striking paragraph 7#d7 and inserting the following3 7#d7 ,funds ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 2 and 7#b7 in subsection 7c71 by striking paragraph 7#d7 and inserting the following3 7#d7 ,funds ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 4 7c7 ,electricity storage research initiative ,section #ige of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afcae7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7a7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#a7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a77ii71 by striking and after the semicolon at the end2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following3 7,c7 to ensure the competitiveness of the ,united ,states in energy storage by fostering an ecosystem linking fundamental research and development to deployment of storage solutions while minimizing the environmental impacts of energy storage technologies4 2 and 7,b7 in paragraph 7#b7-- 7i7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and after the semicolon at the end2 7ii7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7iii7 by adding at the end the following3 7,c7 any other relevant office of the ,department4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7b71 by striking paragraph 7#d7 and inserting the following3 7#d7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7c71 by striking paragraph 7#d7 and inserting the following3 7#d7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 2 and 7#d7 in subsection 7d71 by striking paragraph 7#d7 and inserting the following3 7#d7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #bj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 4 7d7 ,foundational nuclear science 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall support a program of research and development to bridge scientific barriers to1 and expand theoretical and fundamental knowledge relevant to1 nuclear matter for the benefit of commerce1 medicine1 and national security4 7#b7 ,activities ,as part of the program described in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry1 including-- 7i7 nuclear materials science1 including the application of advanced computing practices to foundational and emerging research problems in nuclear materials science and discovery2 7ii7 the use of large data sets to model materials phenomena1 including through-- 7,i7 advanced characterization of materials2 7,,ii7 materials synthesis2 7,,iii7 processing2 and 7,,iv7 innovative use of experimental and theoretical data2 7iii7 electrochemistry and associated techniques for processing nuclear materials2 7iv7 advanced instrumentation and nuclear data collection to inform the activities described in clauses 7i7 through 7iii72 and 7v7 any other line of scientific inquiry1 as determined by the ,director of the ,office of ,science2 and 7,b7 the ,assistant ,secretary for ,nuclear ,energy shall consult with the ,director of the ,office of ,science to support the direction of translational research1 development1 and validation of physical concepts developed under the program4 7#c7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary of ,energy to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 7e7 ,carbon ,materials ,science ,initiative 7#a7 ,initiative 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this subsection as the ,secretary7 shall establish a research initiative1 to be known as the ,carbon ,materials ,science ,initiative 7referred to in this subsection as the ,initiative71 to expand the fundamental knowledge of coal and carbon ore chemistry useful for understanding the conversion of carbon to material products4 7,b7 ,coordination ,in carrying out programs and activities under the ,initiative1 the ,secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from the ,office of ,fossil ,energy and ,carbon ,management and the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey4 7,c7 ,teams 7i7 ,in general ,in carrying out the ,initiative1 the ,secretary shall establish and organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage1 to the maximum extent practicable1 expertise from the ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and the private sector4 7ii7 ,goals ,the multidisciplinary teams described in clause 7i7 shall pursue aggressive1 milestone-driven basic research goals established by the ,secretary4 7#b7 ,research program 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall carry out under the ,initiative a program to support1 and discover knowledge relevant to1 carbon materials research4 7,b7 ,activities ,as part of the program described in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry1 including methods of extraction and utilization of the materials and valuable minerals contained in raw coal2 and 7ii7 the ,director of the ,office of ,science and the ,assistant ,secretary of ,energy for ,fossil ,energy and ,carbon ,management shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry1 including methods of improving materials for use as carbon oxide membranes for use in carbon capture systems4 7,c7 ,review ,the ,secretary shall periodically review activities carried out under the program described in subparagraph 7,a7 to evaluate the achievement of technical milestones4 7,d7 ,coordination with existing programs and centers ,in carrying out the program described in subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7i7 ensure coordination with-- 7,i7 the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey2 and 7,,ii7 the programs and the ,carbon ,utilization ,research ,center established under section #ifi;,a of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbih;a72 and 7ii7 avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent practicable4 7#c7 ,carbon materials research centers 7,a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph 7#b71 the ,secretary shall establish #a center in each of the #b major coal-producing regions of the ,united ,states1 each of which shall-- 7i7 be known as a ,carbon ,materials ,research ,center 7referred to in this paragraph as a ,center72 and 7ii7 focus on early stage research and development activities1 including-- 7,i7 developing and advancing methods of extracting carbon or other valuable materials from raw coal1 or other solid carbon materials1 for the development of other carbon-based materials2 7,,ii7 improving methods of improving the structural1 physical1 and chemical properties of carbon materials or other valuable materials from raw coal or other solid carbon materials and their recyclability2 and 7,,iii7 focusing on overcoming the challenges and maximizing the benefits of coal-derived carbon4 7,b7 ,selection ,the ,secretary shall-- 7i7 select ,centers under subparagraph 7,a7 on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis2 and 7ii7 consider applications from the ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and other appropriate entities4 7,c7 ,duration ,a ,center shall receive support for a period of not more than #e years beginning on the date of establishment of that ,center1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 7,d7 ,renewal ,on the expiration of any period of support of a ,center1 the ,secretary may renew support for that ,center1 on a merit-reviewed basis1 for a period of not more than #e years4 7#d7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 7f7 ,carbon ,oxide ,sequestration ,research and ,geologic ,computing ,initiative 7#a7 ,initiative 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this subsection as the ,secretary7 shall establish a research initiative1 to be known as the ,carbon ,oxide ,sequestration ,research and ,geologic ,computing ,initiative 7referred to in this subsection as the ,initiative71 to expand the fundamental knowledge1 data collection1 data analysis1 and modeling of subsurface geology for the purpose of advancing carbon oxide sequestration in geologic formations4 7,b7 ,leveraging ,in carrying out programs and activities under the ,initiative1 the ,secretary shall leverage expertise and resources from the ,office of ,fossil ,energy and ,carbon ,management and the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey4 7,c7 ,teams 7i7 ,in general ,in carrying out the ,initiative1 the ,secretary shall establish and organize activities among multidisciplinary teams to leverage1 to the maximum extent practicable1 expertise from the ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and the private sector4 7ii7 ,goals ,the multidisciplinary teams described in clause 7i7 shall pursue aggressive1 milestone-driven basic research goals established by the ,secretary4 7,d7 ,additional activities ,the ,secretary may organize additional activities under this subsection through other organizational structures4 7#b7 ,research program 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall carry out under the ,initiative a program to support research needed for1 and discover knowledge relevant to1 the sequestration of carbon oxides in geologic formations4 7,b7 ,activities ,as part of the program described in subparagraph 7,a71 the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall support basic research to pursue distinct lines of scientific inquiry1 including-- 7i7 methods of gathering geologic data for pore space characterization1 including improvements to geologic seismic imaging2 7ii7 methods of evaluating pore space quality1 including evaluation of geologic samples1 to determine appropriate sequestration zones for carbon oxides2 7iii7 methods of testing carbon oxide sequestration2 7iv7 methods of monitoring carbon oxide migration in geologic formations2 and 7v7 advancements in data analytics1 including the analysis of seismic data1 and computing to improve the advanced computing1 visualization1 and imaging of geologic formations for the sequestration of carbon oxides4 7,c7 ,review ,the ,secretary shall periodically review activities carried out under the program described in subparagraph 7,a7 to evaluate achievement of technical milestones4 7#c7 ,carbon oxide storage research and geologic computing centers 7,a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the activities authorized under paragraph 7#b71 the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall select and establish not more than #b carbon oxide storage research and geologic computing centers 7referred to in this paragraph as a ,center7 to develop and advance improvements to data collection1 analysis1 and modeling of subsurface geology for the purpose of advancing carbon oxide sequestration in geologic formations4 7,b7 ,selection 7i7 ,in general ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall-- 7,i7 select ,centers under subparagraph 7,a7 on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis2 and 7,,ii7 to the maximum extent practicable1 locate each ,center in a region with established and ongoing geologic carbon oxide sequestration research and demonstration4 7ii7 ,applications ,in selecting ,centers under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,director of the ,office of ,science shall consider applications from institutions of higher education1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and other appropriate entities4 7,c7 ,duration 7i7 ,new ,centers ,a ,center established after the date of enactment of this ,act shall receive support for a period of not more than #e years beginning on the date of establishment of that ,center1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 7ii7 ,existing ,centers ,a ,center already in existence on the date of enactment of this ,act may continue to receive support for a period of not more than #e years beginning on that date of enactment4 7iii7 ,renewal ,on expiration of a period of support described in clause 7i7 or 7ii71 the ,director of the ,office of ,science may renew support for the ,center1 on a merit-reviewed basis1 for a period of not more than #e years4 7#d7 ,coordination with existing programs and centers ,in carrying out this subsection1 the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 ensure coordination with-- 7i7 the ,united ,states ,geological ,survey2 and 7ii7 the programs established under section #ifc of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbic72 and 7,b7 avoid duplication of efforts to the maximum extent practicable4 7#e7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for basic energy sciences in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities under this subsection #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 #d4 ,biological and environmental research 7a7 ,program2 biological systems2 biomolecular characterization and imaging science ,section #cjf of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7c71 by redesignating paragraphs 7#f7 through 7#h7 as paragraphs 7#e7 through 7#g71 respectively2 7#b7 by redesignating subsections 7b7 through 7d7 as subsections 7d7 through 7f71 respectively2 7#c7 by striking subsection 7a7 and inserting the following3 7a7 ,program ,as part of the duties of the ,director authorized under section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci71 and coordinated with the activities authorized under sections #cjc and #cjd1 the ,director shall carry out a program of research and development in the areas of biological systems science and climate and environmental science1 including subsurface science1 relevant to the development of new energy technologies and to support the energy1 environmental1 and national security missions of the ,department4 7b7 ,biological systems ,the ,director shall carry out research and development activities in genomic science including fundamental research on plants and microbes to increase systems-level understanding of the complex biological systems1 which may include activities-- 7#a7 to provide a fundamental understanding of the biology of plants1 fungi1 and microbes as a basis for developing innovative processes for bioenergy and bioproducts and accelerate breakthroughs and new knowledge that would enable the cost-effective1 sustainable production of-- 7,a7 advanced biofuels2 7,b7 bioenergy2 and 7,c7 biobased materials2 7#b7 to conduct foundational functional biology research-- 7,a7 to support expanded biosystems design research2 and 7,b7 to understand-- 7i7 fundamental genome structure2 and 7ii7 phenomes1 including functional genomics of gene products at genome scale2 7#c7 to develop biosystems designs and synthetic biology approaches for new nonfood plant-derived and microbially derived bioproducts as a basis for new bioeconomy and biotechnology applications in bioproducts production1 resource recovery1 recycling1 and upcycling ventures2 7#d7 to conduct research to better understand environmentally relevant microbiomes and the interdependencies between plants and microbes in a sustainable ecosystem2 7#e7 to improve fundamental understanding of plant and microbial processes impacting the global carbon cycle1 including processes for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere1 through photosynthesis and other biological processes1 for sequestration1 storage1 and utilization2 7#f7 to understand the microbiome mechanisms and microbiota used to transform1 immobilize1 or remove contaminants from subsurface environments and that affect the cycling and disposition of carbon1 nutrients1 and contaminants in the environment2 7#g7 to develop the computational approaches and integrated platforms for open access collaborative science2 7#h7 to leverage tools and approaches across the ,office of ,science to expand research to include novel processes1 methods1 and science to develop bio-based chemicals1 polymers1 inorganic materials1 including research-- 7,a7 to advance fungal1 microbial1 and plant biosystems design research to advance the understanding of how ,,crispr tools and other gene editing tools and technologies work in nature1 in the laboratory1 and in practice2 7,b7 to deepen genome-enabled knowledge of the roles of microbes and microbial communities1 including fungi1 in-- 7i7 supporting plant and tree productivity1 performance1 adaptation1 and resilience in changing environmental conditions2 and 7ii7 optimizing end uses of biomass2 7,c7 to develop biosystems design methods and tools to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants2 and 7,d7 to increase the scale and pace of characterizing the functions and physical characteristics of microbes and microbial communities to improve biosystems design2 7#i7 to conduct research focused on developing analysis techniques and simulation capabilities1 including artificial intelligence and machine learning1 on high-performance computing platforms to accelerate collaborative and reproducible systems biology research2 7#aj7 to develop new technologies for bioimaging1 measurement1 and characterization purposes-- 7,a7 through the ,biomolecular ,characterization and ,imaging ,science program of the ,department2 and 7,b7 to understand the structural1 spatial1 and temporal relationships of metabolic processes governing phenotypic expression in plants and microbes2 7#aa7 to conduct research focused on genotype-to-phenotype translations to develop a predictive understanding of cellular function under a variety of relevant environmental and bioenergy-related conditions2 7#ab7 to conduct metagenomic and metadata assembly research sequencing and analysis2 and 7#ac7 to develop other relevant methods and processes as determined by the ,director4 7c7 ,biomolecular characterization and imaging science ,the ,director shall carry out research and development activities in biomolecular characterization and imaging science1 including development of integrative imaging and analysis platforms and biosensors to understand the expression1 structure1 and function of genome information encoded within cells and for real-time measurements in ecosystems and field sites of relevance to the mission of the ,department4 2 and 7#d7 by adding at the end the following3 7l7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,advanced biofuel ,the term advanced biofuel has the meaning given the term in section #ijja of the ,farm ,security and ,rural ,investment ,act of #bjjb 7#g ,u4,s4,c4 #haja74 7#b7 ,bioenergy ,the term bioenergy means energy derived from biofuels4 7#c7 ,biomass ,the term biomass has the meaning given the term in section #bjc7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aeheb7;b774 7#d7 ,bioproduct ,the term bioproduct has the meaning given the term biobased product in section #ijja of the ,farm ,security and ,rural ,investment ,act of #bjjb 7#g ,u4,s4,c4 #haja74 4 7b7 ,low-,dose radiation research program ,paragraph 7#h7 of subsection 7e7 of section #cjf of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd71 as redesignated by subsection 7a77#b71 is amended-- 7#a7 in subparagraph 7,c71 by striking and2 7#b7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following3 7,e7 #ej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7,f7 #fj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7c7 ,low-,dose radiation and space radiation research program ,subsection 7f7 of section #cjf of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd71 as redesignated by subsection 7a77#b71 is amended to read as follows3 7f7 ,low-,dose radiation and space radiation research program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,administrator of the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 shall carry out a basic research program on the similarities and differences between the effects of exposure to low-dose radiation on ,earth1 in low ,earth orbit1 and in the space environment4 7#b7 ,purpose ,the purpose of the program described in paragraph 7#a7 is to accelerate breakthroughs in low-dose and low dose-rate radiation research and development as described in subsection 7e7 and to inform the advancement of new tools1 technologies1 and advanced materials needed to facilitate long-duration space exploration4 4 7d7 ,climate1 environmental science1 and other activities ,section #cjf of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd7 7as amended by subsection 7a77 is amended by inserting after subsection 7f7 the following3 7g7 ,earth and environmental systems sciences activities 7#a7 ,in general ,as part of the activities authorized under subsection 7a71 and in coordination with activities carried out under subsection 7b71 the ,director shall carry out earth and environmental systems science research1 in consultation with the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and other relevant agencies1 which may include activities-- 7,a7 to understand1 observe1 measure1 and model the response of ,earth's atmosphere and biosphere to changing concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in climate1 including frequency and intensity of extreme weather events2 7,b7 to understand the coupled physical1 chemical1 and biological processes to transform1 immobilize1 remove1 or move carbon1 nitrogen1 and other energy production-derived contaminants such as radionuclides and heavy metals1 and understand the process of sequestration and transformation of these1 carbon dioxide1 and other relevant molecules in subsurface environments2 7,c7 to understand1 observe1 and model the cycling of water1 carbon1 and nutrients in terrestrial systems and at scales relevant to resources management2 7,d7 to understand the biological1 biogeochemical1 and physical processes across the multiple scales that control the flux of environmentally relevant compounds between the terrestrial surface and the atmosphere2 and 7,e7 to understand and predict interactions among natural and human systems to inform potential mitigation and adaptation options for increased concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions and any associated changes in climate4 7#b7 ,prioritization ,in carrying out the program authorized under paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall prioritize-- 7,a7 the development of software and algorithms to enable the productive application of environmental systems and extreme weather in climate and ,earth system prediction models in high-performance computing systems2 and 7,b7 capabilities that support the ,department's mission needs for energy and infrastructure security1 resilience1 and reliability4 7#c7 ,environmental systems science research 7,a7 ,in general ,as part of the activities described in paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall carry out research to advance an integrated1 robust1 and scale-aware predictive understanding of environmental systems1 including the role of hydrobiogeochemistry1 from the subsurface to the top of the vegetative canopy that considers effects of seasonal to interannual variability and change4 7,b7 ,clean water and watershed research ,as part of the activities described in subparagraph 7,a71 the ,director shall-- 7i7 support interdisciplinary research to significantly advance our understanding of water availability1 quality1 and the impact of human activity and a changing climate on urban and rural watershed systems1 including in freshwater environments2 7ii7 consult with the ,interagency ,research1 ,development1 and ,demonstration ,coordination ,committee on the ,nexus of ,energy and ,water for ,sustainability established under section #ajaj of the ,energy ,act of #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-bfj7 on energy-water nexus research activities2 and 7iii7 engage with representatives of research and academic institutions1 nonprofit organizations1 ,state1 local1 and tribal governments1 and industry1 who have expertise in technologies1 technological innovations1 or practices relating to the energy-water nexus1 as applicable4 7,c7 ,coordination 7i7 ,director ,the ,director shall carry out activities under this paragraph in accordance with priorities established by the ,secretary to support and accelerate the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the ,department4 7ii7 ,secretary ,the ,secretary shall ensure the coordination of activities of the ,department1 including activities under this paragraph1 to support and accelerate the decontamination of relevant facilities managed by the ,department4 7#d7 ,climate and earth modeling ,as part of the activities described in paragraph 7#a71 the ,director1 in collaboration with the ,advanced ,scientific ,computing ,research program described in section #cjd and other programs carried out by the ,department1 as applicable1 and in consultation with the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and other relevant agencies1 shall carry out research to develop1 evaluate1 and use high-resolution regional climate1 global climate1 ,earth system1 and other relevant models to inform decisions on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the resulting impacts of a changing global climate4 ,such modeling shall include-- 7,a7 integrated capabilities for modeling multisectoral interactions1 including the impacts of climate policies on human systems and the interdependencies and risks at the energy-water-land nexus2 7,b7 greenhouse gas emissions1 air quality1 energy supply and demand1 and other critical elements2 and 7,c7 interaction among human and ,earth systems informed by interdisciplinary research1 including the economic and social sciences4 7#e7 ,midscale funding mechanism 7,a7 ,in general ,any of the activities authorized in this subsection may be carried out by competitively selected midscale1 multi-institutional research centers in lieu of individual research grants1 or large-scale experiments or user facilities4 7,b7 ,consideration ,the ,biological and ,environmental ,research ,advisory ,committee shall provide recommendations to the ,director on projects most suitable for the research centers described in subparagraph 7,a74 7#f7 ,atmospheric sciences research subprogram 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a subprogram as part of the activities carried out under paragraph 7#a71 to be known as the ,atmospheric ,sciences ,research ,subprogram1 under which the ,secretary shall conduct research relating to-- 7i7 better understanding the atmosphere and the interaction of the atmosphere with the surface of the ,earth2 7ii7 understanding sources of uncertainty in ,earth system models1 including with respect to the interdependence of clouds 7including contrails71 atmospheric aerosols 7including natural aerosol loading events71 and precipitation2 7iii7 understanding the radiative balance and hydrological cycle of ,earth2 and 7iv7 demonstrating the improved predictability of regional and global atmospheric models due to improved process-level understanding4 7,b7 ,activities ,in carrying out the ,atmospheric ,sciences ,research ,subprogram1 the ,secretary shall-- 7i7 collect data and conduct research to advance atmospheric and ,earth system modeling capabilities2 7ii7 develop integrated1 scalable test-beds that-- 7,i7 incorporate process-level understanding of the life cycles of aerosols1 clouds1 and precipitation2 and 7,,ii7 can be incorporated into other models2 7iii7 improve data1 analysis1 and prediction systems in marine1 littoral1 terrestrial1 and arctic environments1 including those environments sensitive to changes in the climate2 and 7iv7 support the development of technologies relating to-- 7,i7 more accurate cloud1 aerosol1 and other atmospheric sensors2 7,,ii7 observing sensor networks2 and 7,,iii7 computational predictive modeling4 7,c7 ,use of atmospheric radiation measurement program facilities and infrastructure ,to support the ,atmospheric ,sciences ,research ,subprogram and improve fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical processes that impact the formation1 life cycle1 and radiative impacts of cloud and aerosol particles1 the ,secretary shall use the facilities and infrastructure of the ,atmospheric ,radiation ,measurement ,user ,facility-- 7i7 to provide support to environmental scientists by collecting high-quality and well-characterized in-situ and aircraft observations of-- 7,i7 the microphysical properties of clouds and atmospheric aerosols2 7,,ii7 the coincident and highly detailed dynamical and thermodynamic properties of the atmospheric environment that contains those clouds and aerosols2 7,,iii7 the properties of precipitation2 and 7,,iv7 the properties of radiation and the background environment2 and 7ii7 to carry out laboratory studies and ground-based and airborne field campaigns to target specific atmospheric processes in different locations and across a range of environments1 including by developing technologies to assist in advancing predictive capabilities4 7h7 ,biological and environmental research user facilities 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall carry out a program for the development1 construction1 operation1 and maintenance of user facilities to enhance the collection and analysis of observational data related to complex biological1 climate1 and environmental systems4 7#b7 ,selection 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall select user facilities under paragraph 7#a7 on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis4 7,b7 ,applicants ,in selecting user facilities under paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall consider applications from the ,national ,laboratories1 institutes of higher education1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and other appropriate entities4 7#c7 ,facility requirements ,to the maximum extent practicable1 the user facilities developed1 constructed1 operated1 or maintained under paragraph 7#a7 shall include-- 7,a7 distributed field research and observation platforms for understanding earth system processes2 7,b7 analytical techniques1 instruments1 and modeling resources1 including high-throughput molecular phenotyping1 for understanding and predicting the functional processes of biological and environmental systems2 7,c7 integrated high-throughput sequencing1 advanced bioanalytic techniques1 ,,dna design and synthesis1 metabolomics1 and computational analysis2 and 7,d7 such other facilities as the ,director considers appropriate1 consistent with section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci74 7#d7 ,existing facilities ,in carrying out the program established in paragraph 7#a71 the ,director is encouraged to evaluate the capabilities of existing user facilities and1 to the maximum extent practicable1 invest in modernization of those capabilities to address emerging research priorities4 7#e7 ,microbial molecular phenotyping capability project 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for the creation of a high-throughput microbial molecular phenotyping capability to accelerate discovery of new protein functions and metabolic pathways in microbial systems4 7,b7 ,capabilities ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall ensure the following capabilities3 7i7 ,coupled high-throughput autonomous experimental and multimodal analytical capabilities4 7ii7 ,direct integration of automated multiomics analyses1 biomolecular and cellular imaging1 and functional biological assays with high-throughput microbial culturing and cultivation capabilities at timescales relevant to biological processes under natural and perturbed environmental conditions4 7,c7 ,data coordination ,in carrying out subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall ensure integration and coordination with existing data platforms of the ,department4 7,d7 ,start of operations ,subject to the availability of appropriations1 the ,secretary shall begin carrying out subparagraph 7,a7 not later than ,september #bi1 #bjbg4 7,e7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7k7 for a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this paragraph-- 7i7 #eej1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #bi1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #cb1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #cj1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #bg1ejj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#f7 ,user ,facilities ,integration and ,collaboration program 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall support a program of collaboration between user facilities to encourage and enable researchers to more readily integrate the tools1 expertise1 resources1 and capabilities of multiple ,office of ,science user facilities 7as described in subsection 7d7 of section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci77 to further research and advance emerging technologies4 7,b7 ,activities ,the program shall advance the integration of automation1 robotics1 computational biology1 bioinformatics1 biosensing1 cellular platforms and other relevant emerging technologies as determined by the ,director to enhance productivity and scientific impact of user facilities4 7#g7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the program authorized under paragraph 7#a71 the ,director shall ensure that the ,office of ,science-- 7,a7 consults and coordinates with the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the ,environmental ,protection ,agency1 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,department of ,agriculture1 the ,department of the ,interior1 and any other relevant ,federal agency on the collection1 validation1 and analysis of atmospheric data2 and 7,b7 coordinates with relevant stakeholders1 including institutes of higher education1 nonprofit research institutions1 industry1 ,state1 local1 and tribal governments1 and other appropriate entities to ensure access to the best available relevant atmospheric and historical weather data4 7i7 ,coastal zone research initiative 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall carry out a research program1 in consultation with the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and other relevant ,federal agencies1 to enhance the understanding of coastal ecosystems4 ,in carrying out this program1 the ,director shall prioritize efforts to enhance the collection of observational data1 and shall develop models to analyze the ecological1 biogeochemical1 hydrological1 physical1 and human processes that interact in coastal zones4 7#b7 ,coastal data collection system ,the ,director shall establish1 in consultation with the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration and other relevant agencies1 an integrated system of geographically diverse field research sites in order to improve the scientific understanding and predictability of the major land water interfaces of the ,united ,states1 including-- 7,a7 the ,great ,lakes region2 7,b7 the ,pacific coast2 7,c7 the ,atlantic coast2 7,d7 the ,arctic2 7,e7 the ,gulf coast2 and 7,f7 the coasts of ,united ,states territories and freely associated ,states4 7#c7 ,existing infrastructure ,in carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b71 the ,secretary shall leverage existing research and development infrastructure supported by the ,department1 including the ,department's existing marine and coastal research lab4 7#d7 ,coordination ,for the purposes of carrying out the programs and establishing the field research sites under paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b71 the ,secretary may enter into agreements with ,federal ,departments and agencies with complementary capabilities4 7j7 ,engineered ecosystems initiative 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish within the ,biological and ,environmental ,research program an initiative focused on the development of engineered ecosystems through the application of artificial intelligence1 novel sensing capabilities1 and other emerging technologies4 7#b7 ,interagency coordination ,the ,secretary shall coordinate with the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 the ,administrator of the ,national ,oceanic and ,atmospheric ,administration1 the ,director of the ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey1 the ,secretary of ,agriculture1 and other relevant officials to avoid duplication of research and observational activities and to ensure that activities carried out under the initiative established under paragraph 7#a7 are complimentary to activities being undertaken by other agencies4 7#c7 ,report ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a report on the activity authorized under this subsection4 7k7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #hhj1cfj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #idf1che1bjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #a1jaf1ccb1afd for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #a1jij1dge1dae for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #a1afi1ajh1fie for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7e7 ,bioenergy research centers ,section #igg of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afcag7 is amended by striking subsection 7f7 and inserting the following3 7f7 ,bioenergy research centers 7#a7 ,in general ,in carrying out the program under section #cjf7;a7 of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd7;a771 the ,director shall support up to #f bioenergy research centers1 or make an equivalent investment in other center-scale funding modalities1 to conduct fundamental research in plant and microbial systems biology1 biological imaging and analysis1 and genomics1 and to accelerate advanced research and development of advanced biofuels1 bioenergy or biobased materials1 chemicals1 and products that are produced from a variety of regionally diverse feedstocks1 and to facilitate the translation of research results to industry4 ,the activities of the centers authorized under this subsection may include-- 7,a7 accelerating the domestication of bioenergy-relevant plants1 microbes1 and associated microbial communities to enable high-impact1 value-added coproduct development at multiple points in the bioenergy supply chain2 7,b7 developing the science and technological advances to ensure process sustainability is considered in the creation of advanced biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass2 and 7,c7 using the latest tools in genomics1 molecular biology1 catalysis science1 chemical engineering1 systems biology1 and computational and robotics technologies to sustainably produce and transform biomass into advanced biofuels and bioproducts4 7#b7 ,selection and duration 7,a7 ,in general ,a center established under paragraph 7#a7 shall be selected on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than #e years1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 beginning on the date of establishment of that center4 7,b7 ,applications ,the ,director shall consider applications from ,national ,laboratories1 multi-institutional collaborations1 and other appropriate entities4 7,c7 ,existing centers ,a center already in existence on the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb may continue to receive support for a period of not more than #e years beginning on the date of establishment of that center4 7,d7 ,new centers ,at least #a new center established under paragraph 7#a7 shall be led by an institution of higher education 7as defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja77 that is located in an eligible jurisdiction 7as defined in section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,a7774 7#c7 ,renewal ,after the end of the applicable period described in paragraph 7#b71 the ,director may renew support for a center for a period of not more than #e years on a merit-reviewed basis4 ,for a center in operation for #aj years after its previous selection on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis1 the ,director may renew support for the center on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than #e years1 and may subsequently provide an additional renewal on a merit-reviewed basis for a period of not more than #e years4 7#d7 ,activities ,centers shall undertake research activities to accelerate the production of advanced biofuels and bioproducts from biomass resources by identifying the most suitable species of plants for use as energy crops2 and improving methods of breeding1 propagation1 planting1 producing1 harvesting1 storage and processing4 ,activities may include the following3 7,a7 ,research activities to increase sustainability1 including-- 7i7 advancing knowledge of how bioenergy crop interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence crop growth1 yield1 and quality2 7ii7 identifying the most impactful research areas that address the economics of advanced biofuels and bioproducts production2 and 7iii7 utilizing multiscale modeling to advance predictive understanding of advanced biofuel cropping ecosystems4 7,b7 ,research activities to further feedstock development1 including lignocellulosic1 algal1 gaseous wastes including carbon oxides and methane1 and direct air capture of single carbon gases via plants and microbes1 including-- 7i7 developing genetic and genomic tools1 high-throughput analytical tools1 and biosystems design approaches to enhance bioenergy feedstocks and their associated microbiomes2 7ii7 conducting field testing of new potential bioenergy feedstock crops under environmentally benign and geographically diverse conditions to assess viability and robustness2 and 7iii7 developing quantitative models informed by experimentation to predict how bioenergy feedstocks perform under diverse conditions4 7,c7 ,research activities to improve lignocellulosic deconstruction and separation methods1 including-- 7i7 developing feedstock-agnostic deconstruction processes capable of efficiently fractionating biomass into targeted output streams2 7ii7 gaining a detailed understanding of plant cell wall biosynthesis1 composition1 structure1 and properties during deconstruction2 and 7iii7 improving enzymes and approaches for biomass breakdown and cellulose1 hemicellulose1 and lignin processing4 7,d7 ,research activities to improve the feedstock conversion process for advanced biofuels and bioproducts1 including-- 7i7 developing high-throughput methods to screen or select high-performance microbial strains and communities to improve product formation rates1 yields1 and selectivity2 7ii7 establishing a broad set of platform microorganisms and microbial communities suitable for metabolic engineering to produce advanced biofuels and bioproducts and high-throughput methods for experimental validation of gene function2 7iii7 developing techniques to enhance microbial robustness for tolerating toxins to improve advanced biofuel and bioproduct yields and to gain a better understanding of the cellular and molecular bases of tolerance for major chemical classes of inhibitors found in these processes2 7iv7 advancing technologies for the use of batch1 continuous1 and consolidated bioprocessing2 7v7 identifying1 creating1 and optimizing microbial and chemical pathways to produce promising1 atom-economical intermediates and final bioproducts from biomass with considerations given to environmentally benign processes2 7vi7 developing high-throughput1 real-time1 in situ analytical techniques to understand and characterize the pre- and post-bioproduct separation streams in detail2 7vii7 creating methodologies for efficiently identifying viable target molecules1 identifying high-value bioproducts in existing biomass streams1 and utilizing current byproduct streams2 7viii7 identifying and improving plant feedstocks with enhanced extractable levels of desired bioproducts or bioproduct precursors1 including lignin streams2 and 7ix7 developing integrated biological and chemical catalytic approaches to valorize and produce a diverse portfolio of advanced biofuels and bioproducts4 7#e7 ,industry partnerships ,centers shall establish industry partnerships to translate research results to commercial applications4 7#f7 ,coordination ,in coordination with the ,bioenergy ,technologies ,office of the ,department1 the ,secretary shall support interdisciplinary research activities to improve the capacity1 efficiency1 resilience1 security1 reliability1 and affordability1 of the production and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts1 as well as activities to enable positive impacts and avoid the potential negative impacts that the production and use of advanced biofuels and bioproducts may have on ecosystems1 people1 and historically marginalized communities4 7#g7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7k7 of section #cjf of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdd7 for a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this subsection #cj1jjj1jjj per center established under paragraph 7#a7 for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 7#h7 ,definitions ,in this subsection3 7,a7 ,advanced biofuel ,the term advanced biofuel has the meaning given the term in section #ijja of the ,farm ,security and ,rural ,investment ,act of #bjjb 7#g ,u4,s4,c4 #haja74 7,b7 ,bioenergy ,the term bioenergy means energy derived from biofuels4 7,c7 ,biomass ,the term biomass has the meaning given the term in section #bjc7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #aeheb7;b774 7,d7 ,bioproduct ,the term bioproduct has the meaning given the term biobased product in section #ijja of the ,farm ,security and ,rural ,investment ,act of #bjjb 7#g ,u4,s4,c4 #haja74 4 #e4 ,advanced scientific computing research program 7a7 ,advanced scientific computing research ,section #cjd of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdb7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating subsections 7a7 through 7c7 as subsections 7b7 through 7d71 respectively2 7#b7 by inserting before subsection 7b71 as so redesignated1 the following3 7a7 ,in general ,as part of the activities authorized under section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci71 the ,director shall carry out1 in coordination with academia and relevant public and private sector entities1 a research1 development1 and demonstration program-- 7#a7 to steward applied mathematics1 computational science1 and computer science research relevant to the missions of the ,department and the competitiveness of the ,united ,states2 7#b7 to develop modeling1 simulation1 and other computational tools relevant to other scientific disciplines and to the development of new energy technologies and other technologies2 7#c7 to advance computing and networking capabilities for data-driven discovery2 and 7#d7 to develop advanced scientific computing hardware and software tools for science and engineering4 2 7#c7 in subsection 7c71 as so redesignated-- 7,a7 by striking ,the ,director and inserting the following3 7#a7 ,director ,the ,director 2 and 7,b7 by adding at the end the following3 7#b7 ,coordination ,the ,under ,secretary for ,science shall ensure the coordination of the activities of the ,department1 including activities under this section1 to determine and meet the computational and networking research and facility needs of the ,office of ,science and all other relevant energy technology and energy efficiency programs within the ,department and with other ,federal agencies as appropriate4 2 7#d7 by amending subsection 7d71 as so redesignated1 to read as follows3 7d7 ,applied mathematics and software development for high-,end computing systems and computer sciences research 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall carry out activities to develop1 test1 and support-- 7,a7 mathematics1 statistics1 and algorithms for modeling complex systems relevant to the missions of the ,department1 including on advanced computing architectures2 and 7,b7 tools1 languages1 programming environments1 and operations for high-end computing systems 7as defined in section #b of the ,american ,super ,computing ,leadership ,act of #bjag 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #eeda774 7#b7 ,portfolio balance 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall maintain a balanced portfolio within the advanced scientific computing research and development program established under section #igf of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afcaf7 that supports robust investment in-- 7i7 applied mathematical1 computational1 and computer sciences research needs relevant to the mission of the ,department1 including foundational areas that are critical to the advancement of energy sciences and technologies and new and emerging computing technologies2 and 7ii7 associated high-performance computing hardware and facilities4 7,b7 ,exascale ecosystem sustainment 7i7 ,sense of ,congress ,it is the sense of ,congress that the ,exascale ,computing ,project has successfully created a broad ecosystem that provides shared software packages1 novel evaluation systems1 and applications relevant to the science and engineering requirements of the ,department1 and that such products must be maintained and improved in order that the full potential of the deployed systems can be continuously realized4 7ii7 ,sustainment ,the ,secretary shall seek to sustain and evolve the ecosystem described in clause 7i7 to ensure that the exascale software stack and other research software will continue to be maintained1 hardened1 and otherwise optimized for long-term use on exascale systems and beyond and reliable availability to the user community4 2 and 7#e7 by adding at the end the following3 7e7 ,advanced computing program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a program to develop and implement a strategy for achieving computing systems with capabilities beyond exascale computing systems4 ,in establishing this program1 the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 maintain foundational research programs in mathematical1 computational1 and computer sciences focused on new and emerging computing needs within the mission of the ,department1 including post-,moore's law computing architectures1 novel approaches to modeling and simulation1 artificial intelligence and scientific machine learning1 quantum computing1 edge computing1 extreme heterogeneity1 including potential quantum accelerators1 and distributed high-performance computing2 7,b7 retain best practices and maintain support for essential hardware1 applications1 and software elements of the ,exascale ,computing ,program that are necessary for sustaining the vitality of a long-term capable software ecosystem for exascale and beyond2 and 7,c7 develop a ,department-wide strategy for balancing on-premises and cloud-based computing and scientific data management4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a report on the development and implementation of the strategy described in paragraph 7#a74 7f7 ,guidance on mitigation of bias in high-,performance computing capabilities ,in leveraging high-performance computing systems for research purposes1 including through the use of machine learning algorithms for data analysis and artificial intelligence1 the ,secretary shall issue guidance for the ,department1 the ,national ,laboratories1 and users as to how those capabilities should be employed in a manner that mitigates and1 to the maximum extent practicable1 avoids harmful algorithmic bias4 7g7 ,architectural research in heterogeneous computing systems 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall carry out a program of research and development in heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to expand understanding of the potential for heterogeneous and reconfigurable computing systems to deliver high-performance1 high-efficiency computing for ,department mission challenges4 ,that program shall include research and development that explores the convergence of big data analytics1 simulations1 and artificial intelligence to drive the design of heterogenous computing system architectures4 7#b7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the program described in paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall ensure coordination between research activities undertaken by the ,advanced ,scientific ,computing ,research program and materials research supported by the ,basic ,energy ,sciences program within the ,office of ,science4 7h7 ,energy efficient computing program 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall support a program of fundamental research1 development1 and demonstration of energy efficient computing and data center technologies relevant to advanced computing applications1 including high-performance computing1 artificial intelligence1 and scientific machine learning4 7#b7 ,execution 7,a7 ,program ,in carrying out the program under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7i7 establish a partnership for ,national ,laboratories1 industry partners1 and institutions of higher education for codesign of energy efficient hardware1 technology1 software1 and applications across all applicable program offices of the ,department1 and provide access to energy efficient computing resources to such partners2 7ii7 develop hardware and software technologies that decrease the energy needs of advanced computing practices1 including through data center codesign2 7iii7 consider multiple heterogeneous computing architectures in collaboration with the program established under subsection 7g71 including neuromorphic computing1 persistent computing1 and ultrafast networking2 and 7iv7 provide1 as appropriate1 on a competitive1 merit-reviewed basis1 access for researchers from institutions of higher education1 ,national ,laboratories1 industry1 and other ,federal agencies to the energy efficient computing technologies developed pursuant to clause 7i74 7,b7 ,selection of partners ,in selecting participants for the partnership established under subparagraph 7,a77i71 the ,secretary shall select participants through a competitive1 merit review process4 7,c7 ,report ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a report on-- 7i7 the activities conducted under subparagraph 7,a72 and 7ii7 the coordination and management of the program under subparagraph 7,a7 to ensure an integrated research program across the ,department4 7i7 ,energy sciences network 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for upgrades to the ,energy ,sciences ,network user facility in order to meet the research needs of the ,department for highly reliable data transport capabilities optimized for the requirements of large-scale science4 7#b7 ,capabilities ,in carrying out paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall ensure the following capabilities3 7,a7 ,to provide high bandwidth scientific networking across the continental ,united ,states and the ,atlantic ,ocean4 7,b7 ,to ensure network reliability4 7,c7 ,to protect the network infrastructure from cyberattacks4 7,d7 ,to manage transport of exponentially increasing levels of data from the ,department's ,national ,laboratories and sites1 user facilities1 experiments1 and sensors4 7,e7 ,to contribute to the integration of heterogeneous computing frameworks and systems4 7j7 ,computational science graduate fellowship 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall support the ,computational ,science ,graduate ,fellowship program in order to facilitate collaboration between graduate students and researchers at the ,national ,laboratories1 and contribute to the development of a diverse and inclusive computational workforce to help advance research in all areas of computational science relevant to the mission of the ,department1 including quantum computing4 7#b7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,advanced ,scientific ,computing ,research ,program1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary for carrying out activities under this subsection-- 7,a7 #ba1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7,b7 #bb1jej1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7,c7 #bc1aeb1ejj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7,d7 #bd1caj1abe for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7,e7 #be1ebe1fca for fiscal year #bjbf4 7k7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #a1abf1cej1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #a1bbb1fgd1ejj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #a1cbd1cbj1gae for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #a1dca1ffj1aae for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #a1ece1jij1aba for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7b7 ,quantum science network 7#a7 ,definitions ,section #b of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhja7 is amended-- 7,a7 by redesignating paragraph 7#g7 as paragraph 7#h72 and 7,b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#f7 the following3 7#g7 ,quantum network infrastructure ,the term quantum network infrastructure means any facility1 expertise1 or capability that is necessary to enable the development and deployment of scalable and diverse quantum network technologies4 4 7#b7 ,department of energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program 7,a7 ,in general ,title ,,iv of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #hhea et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #djc4 ,department of ,energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this section as the ,secretary7 shall carry out a research1 development1 and demonstration program to accelerate innovation in quantum network infrastructure in order to-- 7#a7 facilitate the advancement of distributed quantum computing systems through the internet and intranet2 7#b7 improve the precision of measurements of scientific phenomena and physical imaging technologies2 7#c7 develop secure national quantum communications technologies and strategies2 7#d7 demonstrate quantum networking utilizing the ,department of ,energy's ,energy ,sciences ,network ,user ,facility2 and 7#e7 advance the relevant domestic supply chains and manufacturing capabilities of the ,united ,states4 7b7 ,program ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 coordinate with-- 7,a7 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7,b7 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 7,c7 the ,chair of the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science of the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council established under section #ajc7;a72 and 7,d7 the ,chair of the ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications of ,quantum ,science2 7#b7 conduct cooperative research with industry1 ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 and other research institutions to facilitate new quantum infrastructure methods and technologies1 including-- 7,a7 quantum-limited detectors1 ultra-low loss optical channels1 space-to-ground connections1 and classical networking and cybersecurity protocols2 7,b7 entanglement and hyper-entangled state sources and transmission1 control1 and measurement of quantum states2 7,c7 quantum interconnects that allow short range local connections between quantum processors2 7,d7 transducers for quantum sources and signals between optical wavelength regimes1 including telecommunications regimes and quantum computer-relevant domains1 including microwaves2 7,e7 development of quantum memory buffers and small-scale quantum computers that are compatible with photon-based quantum bits in the optical or telecommunications wavelengths2 7,f7 long-range entanglement distribution1 allowing entanglement-based protocols between small- and large-scale quantum processors1 at the terrestrial and space-based level using quantum repeaters and optical or laser communications2 7,g7 quantum routers1 multiplexers1 repeaters1 and related technologies necessary to create secure long-distance quantum communication2 and 7,h7 integration of systems across the quantum technology stack into traditional computing networks1 including the development of remote controlled1 high-performance1 and reliable implementations of key quantum network components by leveraging the expertise1 infrastructure and supplemental investments at the ,national ,laboratories in the ,energy ,sciences ,network ,user ,facility2 7#c7 engage with the ,quantum ,economic ,development ,consortium and other organizations1 as applicable1 to transition component technologies to help facilitate as appropriate the development of a quantum supply chain for quantum network technologies2 7#d7 advance basic research in advanced scientific computing1 particle and nuclear physics1 and material science to enhance the understanding1 prediction1 and manipulation of materials1 processes1 and physical phenomena relevant to quantum network infrastructure2 7#e7 develop experimental tools and testbeds in collaboration with the ,energy ,sciences ,network ,user ,facility necessary to support cross-cutting fundamental research and development activities with diverse stakeholders from industry1 ,national ,laboratories1 and institutions of higher education2 and 7#f7 consider quantum network infrastructure applications that span the ,department of ,energy's missions in energy1 environment1 and national security4 7c7 ,leveraging ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary shall leverage resources1 infrastructure1 and expertise across the ,department of ,energy and from-- 7#a7 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 7#b7 the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7#c7 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 7#d7 other relevant ,federal agencies2 7#e7 the ,national ,laboratories2 7#f7 industry stakeholders2 7#g7 institutions of higher education2 and 7#h7 the ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,research ,centers4 7d7 ,research plan ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a #d-year research plan that identifies and prioritizes basic research needs relating to quantum network infrastructure4 7e7 ,standard of review ,the ,secretary shall review activities carried out under this section to determine the achievement of technical milestones4 7f7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,department of ,energy's ,office of ,science1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities under this section #ajj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 #djd4 ,department of energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this section as the ,secretary7 shall establish and carry out a program1 to be known as the ,quantum ,user ,expansion for ,science and ,technology program or ,,quest program1 to encourage and facilitate access to ,united ,states quantum computing hardware and quantum computing clouds for research purposes-- 7#a7 to enhance the ,united ,states quantum research enterprise2 7#b7 to educate the future quantum computing workforce2 7#c7 to accelerate the advancement of ,united ,states quantum computing capabilities2 and 7#d7 to advance the relevant domestic supply chains and manufacturing processes of the ,united ,states4 7b7 ,program ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 coordinate with-- 7,a7 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7,b7 the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 7,c7 the ,chair of the ,subcommittee on ,quantum ,information ,science of the ,national ,science and ,technology ,council established under section #ajc7;a72 and 7,d7 the ,chair of the ,subcommittee on the ,economic and ,security ,implications of ,quantum ,science2 7#b7 provide researchers based within the ,united ,states with access to1 and use of1 ,united ,states quantum computing resources through a competitive1 merit-reviewed process2 7#c7 consider applications from the ,national ,laboratories1 multi-institutional collaborations1 institutions of higher education1 industry stakeholders1 and any other entities that the ,secretary determines are appropriate to provide national leadership on quantum computing related issues2 7#d7 consult and coordinate with private sector stakeholders1 the user community1 and interagency partners on program development and best management practices2 and 7#e7 balance user access to commercial prototypes available for use for a broad class of applications and ,federal research prototypes that enable benchmarking a wider variety of early-stage devices4 7c7 ,leveraging ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary shall leverage resources and expertise across the ,department of ,energy and from-- 7#a7 the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology2 7#b7 the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7#c7 the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration2 7#d7 other relevant ,federal agencies2 7#e7 the ,national ,laboratories2 7#f7 industry stakeholders2 7#g7 institutions of higher education2 and 7#h7 the ,national ,quantum ,information ,science ,research ,centers4 7d7 ,security ,in carrying out the activities authorized by this section1 the ,secretary1 in consultation with the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation and the ,director of the ,national ,institute of ,standards and ,technology1 shall ensure proper security controls are in place to protect sensitive information1 as appropriate4 7e7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,department of ,energy's ,office of ,science1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities under this section-- 7#a7 #cj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #ej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #gj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #ij1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #ajj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7,b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #a7;b7 of the ,national ,quantum ,initiative ,act 7,public ,law #aae-cfh2 #acb ,stat4 #ejib7 is amended by inserting after the item relating to section #djb the following3 ,sec4 #djc4 ,department of ,energy quantum network infrastructure research and development program4 ,sec4 #djd4 ,department of ,energy quantum user expansion for science and technology program4 4 #f4 ,fusion energy research 7a7 ,fusion energy research ,section #cjg of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfde7 is amended-- 7#a7 in subsection 7b7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#b71 by redesignating subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b7 as clauses 7i7 and 7ii71 respectively1 and indenting appropriately2 7,b7 by redesignating paragraphs 7#a7 and 7#b7 as subparagraphs 7,a7 and 7,b71 respectively1 and indenting appropriately2 7,c7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7 7as so redesignated71 by striking ,as part of and inserting the following3 7#a7 ,in general ,as part of 2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7#b7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7q71 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out activities described in paragraph 7#a7 #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 2 7#b7 in subsection 7d77#c7-- 7,a7 by striking 7o7 and inserting 7q72 7,b7 by striking subsection 7d7 and inserting this subsection2 and 7,c7 by striking #bjbe and inserting #bjbf2 7#c7 in subsection 7e77#d7-- 7,a7 by striking 7o7 and inserting 7q72 7,b7 by striking subsection 7e7 and inserting this subsection2 and 7,c7 by striking #bjbe and inserting #bjbf2 7#d7 in subsection 7i77#aj7-- 7,a7 in the matter preceding subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 by striking 7o7 and inserting 7q72 and 7ii7 by striking subsection 7i7 and inserting this subsection2 7,b7 in subparagraph 7,d71 by striking and at the end2 7,c7 in subparagraph 7,e71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7,f7 #de1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 2 7#e7 by redesignating subsection 7o7 as subsection 7q72 7#f7 by inserting after subsection 7n7 the following3 7o7 ,material plasma exposure experiment 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall construct a ,material ,plasma ,exposure ,experiment facility as described in the #bjbj publication approved by the ,fusion ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee entitled ,powering the ,future3 ,fusion and ,plasmas4 ,the ,secretary shall consult with the private sector1 institutions of higher education1 ,national ,laboratories1 and relevant ,federal agencies to ensure that the facility is capable of meeting ,federal research needs for steady state1 high-heat-flux1 and plasma-material interaction testing of fusion materials over a range of fusion energy relevant parameters4 7#b7 ,facility capabilities ,the ,secretary shall ensure that the facility described in paragraph 7#a7 will provide the following capabilities3 7,a7 ,a magnetic field at the target of #a ,tesla4 7,b7 ,an energy flux at the target of #aj ,,mw_/m#b4 7,c7 ,the ability to expose previously irradiated plasma facing material samples to plasma4 7#c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in paragraph 7#a7 occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjbg4 7#d7 ,funding ,of the funds authorized to be appropriated for ,fusion ,energy ,sciences1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary for the ,office of ,fusion ,energy ,sciences to complete construction of the facility described in paragraph 7#a7-- 7,a7 #cb1hjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7,b7 #ac1djj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7,c7 #ab1fjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 and 7,d7 #djj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe4 7p7 ,matter in extreme conditions instrument upgrade 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall provide for the upgrade to the ,matter in ,extreme ,conditions endstation at the ,linac ,coherent ,light ,source as described in the #bjbj publication approved by the ,fusion ,energy ,sciences ,advisory ,committee entitled ,powering the ,future3 ,fusion and ,plasmas4 ,the ,secretary shall consult with the private sector1 institutions of higher education1 ,national ,laboratories1 and relevant ,federal agencies to ensure that this facility is capable of meeting ,federal research needs for understanding physical and chemical changes to plasmas at fundamental timescales1 and explore new regimes of dense material physics1 astrophysics1 planetary physics1 and short-pulse laser-plasma interactions4 7#b7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in paragraph 7#a7 occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjbh4 2 and 7#g7 in subsection 7q7 7as so redesignated7-- 7,a7 in paragraph 7#d71 by striking and at the end2 7,b7 in paragraph 7#e71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7,c7 by adding at the end the following3 7#f7 #a1jjj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7b7 ,,iter construction ,section #igb7;c77#c7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afcab7;c77#c77 is amended-- 7#a7 in subparagraph 7,a71 by striking and at the end2 7#b7 in subparagraph 7,b71 by striking the period at the end and inserting 2 and2 and 7#c7 by adding at the end the following3 7,c7 #bha1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 #g4 ,high energy physics program 7a7 ,program ,section #cje of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdc7 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating subsections 7b7 through 7d7 as subsections 7d7 through 7f71 respectively2 and 7#b7 by inserting after subsection 7a7 the following3 7b7 ,program ,as part of the activities authorized under section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci71 the ,director shall carry out a research program in elementary particle physics and advanced technology research and development to improve the understanding of the fundamental properties of the universe1 including constituents of matter and energy and the nature of space and time4 7c7 ,high energy frontier research ,as part of the program described in subsection 7b71 the ,director shall carry out research using high energy accelerators and advanced detectors1 including accelerators and detectors that will function as national user facilities1 to create and study interactions of elementary particles and investigate fundamental forces4 4 7b7 ,international collaboration ,section #cje of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdc7 is amended by striking subsection 7d7 7as redesignated by subsection 7a77#a77 and inserting the following3 7d7 ,international collaboration ,the ,director shall-- 7#a7 as practicable and in coordination with other appropriate ,federal agencies as necessary1 ensure the access of ,united ,states researchers to the most advanced accelerator facilities and research capabilities in the world1 including the ,large ,hadron ,collider2 7#b7 to the maximum extent practicable1 continue to leverage ,united ,states participation in the ,large ,hadron ,collider1 and prioritize expanding international partnerships and investments in the ,long-,baseline ,neutrino ,facility and ,deep ,underground ,neutrino ,experiment2 and 7#c7 to the maximum extent practicable1 prioritize engagement in collaborative efforts in support of future international facilities that would provide access to the most advanced accelerator facilities in the world to ,united ,states researchers4 4 7c7 ,cosmic frontier research ,section #cje of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfde7 is amended by striking subsection 7f7 7as redesignated by subsection 7a77#a77 and inserting the following3 7f7 ,cosmic frontier research ,the ,director shall carry out research activities on the nature of the primary contents of the universe1 including the nature of dark energy and dark matter4 ,these activities shall1 to the maximum extent practicable1 be consistent with the research priorities identified by the ,high ,energy ,physics ,advisory ,panel or the ,national ,academy of ,sciences1 and may include-- 7#a7 collaborations with the ,national ,aeronautics and ,space ,administration1 the ,national ,science ,foundation1 or international partners on relevant projects2 and 7#b7 the development of space-based1 land-based1 water-based1 and underground facilities and experiments4 4 7d7 ,further activities ,section #cje of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfde7 7as amended by subsection 7c771 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7g7 ,facility construction and major items of equipment 7#a7 ,projects ,consistent with the ,office of ,science's project management practices1 the ,director shall1 to the maximum extent practicable1 by incorporating the findings and recommendations of the #bjad ,particle ,physics ,project ,prioritization ,panel 7,p#e7 report entitled ,building for ,discovery1 support construction or fabrication of-- 7,a7 an international ,long-,baseline ,neutrino ,facility based in the ,united ,states2 7,b7 the ,proton ,improvement ,plan ,,ii2 7,c7 ,second ,generation ,dark ,matter experiments2 7,d7 the ,legacy ,survey of ,space and ,time camera2 7,e7 upgrades to detectors and other components of the ,large ,hadron ,collider2 7,f7 the ,cosmic ,microwave ,background ,stage #d project2 and 7,g7 other high priority projects recommended in the most recent report of the ,particle ,physics ,project ,prioritization ,panel of the ,high ,energy ,physics ,advisory ,panel4 7#b7 ,long-baseline neutrino facility 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall support construction of a ,long-,baseline ,neutrino ,facility to facilitate the international ,deep ,underground ,neutrino ,experiment to examine the fundamental properties of neutrinos1 explore physics beyond the ,standard ,model1 and better clarify the existence and nature of antimatter4 7,b7 ,facility capabilities ,the ,secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 will provide1 at a minimum1 the following capabilities3 7i7 ,a neutrino beam with wideband capability of #a4b megawatts of beam power and upgradable to #b4d megawatts of beam power4 7ii7 #c caverns excavated for a #gj kiloton fiducial detector mass and supporting surface buildings and utilities4 7iii7 ,cryogenic systems to support neutrino detectors4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjca4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7k71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out construction of the project described in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 #bjj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #cbe1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #djj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #cge1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #bej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#c7 ,proton improvement plan ii accelerator upgrade project 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall support construction of the ,proton ,improvement ,plan ,,ii1 an upgrade to the ,fermilab accelerator complex identified in the #bjad ,particle ,physics ,project ,prioritization ,panel 7,p#e7 report entitled ,building for ,discovery1 to provide the world's most intense beam of neutrinos to the international ,long ,baseline ,neutrino ,facility and to carry out a broad range of future high energy physics experiments4 ,the ,secretary shall work with international partners to enable further significant contributions to the capabilities of that project4 7,b7 ,facility capabilities ,the ,secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 will provide1 at a minimum1 the following capabilities3 7i7 ,a state-of-the-art #hjj megaelectron volt superconducting linear accelerator4 7ii7 ,proton beam power of #a4b megawatts at the start of ,,lbnf_/,,dune1 upgradeable to #b4d megawatts of beam power4 7iii7 ,a flexible design to enable high power beam delivery to multiple users simultaneously and customized beams tailored to specific scientific needs4 7iv7 ,sustained high reliability operation of the ,fermilab accelerator complex4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjbh4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7k71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out construction of the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 #aia1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #aej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #abj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #abj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #ajj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7#d7 ,cosmic microwave background stage #d 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 in partnership with the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation1 shall support construction of the ,cosmic ,microwave ,background ,stage #d project to survey the cosmic microwave background to test theories of cosmic inflation as described in the #bjad ,particle ,physics ,prioritization ,panel 7,p#e7 report entitled ,building for ,discovery3 ,strategic ,plan for ,u4,s4 ,particle ,physics in the ,global ,context44 7,b7 ,consultation ,the ,secretary shall consult with the private sector1 institutions of higher education1 ,national ,laboratories1 and relevant ,federal agencies to ensure that the project described in subparagraph 7,a7 is capable of meeting ,federal research needs in accessing the ultra-high energy physics of inflation and important neutrino properties4 7,c7 ,experimental capabilities ,the ,secretary shall ensure to the maximum extent practicable that the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 will provide1 at a minimum1 #ejj1jjj superconducting detectors deployed on an array of millimeter-wave telescopes with the required range in frequency1 sensitivity1 and survey speed that will provide sufficient capability to enable an order of magnitude advance in observations of the ,cosmic ,microwave ,background1 delivering transformative discoveries in fundamental physics1 cosmology1 and astrophysics4 7,d7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjcj4 7,e7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7k71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out construction of the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7-- 7i7 #cg1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #ej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #ij1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #hj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #gj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7h7 ,accelerator and detector upgrades ,the ,director shall upgrade accelerator facilities and detectors1 as necessary and appropriate1 to increase beam power1 sustain high reliability1 and improve precision measurement to advance the highest priority particle physics research programs4 ,in carrying out facility upgrades1 the ,director shall continue to work with international partners1 when appropriate and in the ,united ,states interest1 to leverage investments and expertise in critical technologies to help build and upgrade accelerator and detector facilities in the ,united ,states4 7i7 ,accelerator and detector research and development ,as part of the program described in subsection 7b71 the ,director shall carry out research and development in particle beam physics1 accelerator science and technology1 and particle and radiation detection with relevance to the specific needs of the ,high ,energy ,physics program1 in coordination with the ,accelerator ,research and ,development program authorized under section #caj4 7j7 ,underground science ,the ,director shall-- 7#a7 support an underground science program consistent with the missions of the ,department and the scientific needs of the ,high ,energy ,physics program1 including those articulated in the most recent report of the ,particle ,physics ,project ,prioritization ,panel of the ,high ,energy ,physics ,advisory ,panel1 that leverages the capabilities of relevant underground science and engineering facilities2 7#b7 carry out a competitive grant program to award scientists and engineers at institutions of higher education1 nonprofit institutions1 and ,national ,laboratories to conduct research in underground science and engineering2 and 7#c7 submit to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a report on the inventory of underground mines in the ,united ,states that may be suitable for future development of underground science and engineering facilities4 7k7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #a1cee1fij1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #a1eag1fbh1cjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #a1feb1aab1bha for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #a1gaa1dfj1ada for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #a1fef1jab1cea for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 #h4 ,nuclear physics program ,section #cjh of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7,public ,law #aae-bdf2 #acb ,stat4 #caej7 is amended to read as follows3 #cjh4 ,nuclear physics 7a7 ,program ,as part of the activities authorized under section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci71 the ,director shall carry out a research program1 and support relevant facilities1 to discover and understand various forms of nuclear matter4 7b7 ,user facilities 7#a7 ,facility for rare isotope beams 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall support construction of a ,facility for ,rare ,isotope ,beams to advance the understanding of rare nuclear isotopes and the evolution of the cosmos4 7,b7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7c71 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out construction of the facility under this paragraph #b1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this paragraph occurs before ,march #a1 #bjbb4 7#b7 ,electron-ion collider 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall support construction of an ,electron ,ion ,collider as described in the #bjae ,long ,range ,plan of the ,nuclear ,science ,advisory ,committee and the report from the ,national ,academies of ,science1 ,engineering1 and ,medicine entitled ,an ,assessment of ,u4,s4-,based ,electron-,ion ,collider ,science1 in order to measure the internal structure of the proton and the nucleus and answer fundamental questions about the nature of visible matter4 7,b7 ,facility capability ,the ,secretary shall ensure that the facility described in subparagraph 7,a7 meets the requirements in the #bjae ,long ,range ,plan described in that subparagraph1 including-- 7i7 at least #gj percent polarized beams of electrons and light ions2 7ii7 ion beams from deuterium to the heaviest stable nuclei2 7iii7 variable center of mass energy from #bj to #adj ,ge,v2 7iv7 high collision luminosity of #ajcc-cd;cm#bs#a2 and 7v7 the possibility of more than #a interaction region4 7,c7 ,start of operations ,the ,secretary shall1 subject to the availability of appropriations1 ensure that the start of full operations of the facility under this paragraph occurs before ,december #ca1 #bjcj4 7,d7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated under subsection 7c71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out construction of the facility under this paragraph-- 7i7 #aja1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7ii7 #aee1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7iii7 #bej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7iv7 #cjj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7v7 #cje1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7c7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #ghj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #hgi1cij1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #a1jbe1jig1cjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #a1abi1ced1aaa for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #a1aib1djh1hii for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 #i4 ,science laboratories infrastructure program ,section #cji of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfdg7 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7c7 ,approach ,in carrying out the program under subsection 7a71 the ,director shall use all available approaches and mechanisms1 as the ,secretary determines to be appropriate1 including-- 7#a7 capital line items2 7#b7 minor construction projects2 7#c7 energy savings performance contracts2 7#d7 utility energy service contracts2 7#e7 alternative financing2 and 7#f7 expense funding4 7d7 ,restoration and modernization projects 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall fund projects described in paragraph 7#b7 as needed to address the deferred maintenance1 critical infrastructure needs1 and modernization of ,office of ,science ,national ,laboratories4 7#b7 ,projects described ,the projects referred to in paragraph 7#a7 are1 as determined by the ,secretary-- 7,a7 priority deferred maintenance projects at ,office of ,science ,national ,laboratories1 including facilities sustainment for1 upgrade of1 and construction of research laboratories1 administrative and support buildings1 utilities1 roads1 power plants1 and any other critical infrastructure2 and 7,b7 lab modernization projects at ,office of ,science ,national ,laboratories1 including projects relating to core infrastructure needed-- 7i7 to support existing and emerging science missions with new and specialized requirements for world-leading scientific user facilities and computing capabilities2 and 7ii7 to maintain safe1 efficient1 reliable1 and environmentally responsible operations1 including pilot projects to demonstrate net zero emissions with resilient operations4 7e7 ,submission to ,congress ,for each fiscal year through fiscal year #bjbf1 at the same time as the annual budget submission of the ,president1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,appropriations and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,appropriations and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives a list of projects for which the ,secretary will provide funding under this section1 including a description of each project and the funding profile for the project4 7f7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section #fjj1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 4 #aj4 ,accelerator research and development ,the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfja et seq47 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #caj4 ,accelerator research and development 7a7 ,program ,as part of the activities authorized under section #bji of the ,department of ,energy ,organization ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gaci71 the ,director shall carry out a research program-- 7#a7 to advance accelerator science and technology relevant to the ,department1 other ,federal agencies1 and ,united ,states industry2 7#b7 to foster partnerships to develop1 demonstrate1 and enable the commercial application of accelerator technologies2 7#c7 to support the development of a skilled1 diverse1 and inclusive accelerator workforce2 and 7#d7 to provide access to accelerator design and engineering resources4 7b7 ,accelerator research ,in carrying out the program authorized under subsection 7a71 the ,director shall support-- 7#a7 research activities in cross-cutting accelerator technologies including superconducting magnets and accelerators1 beam physics1 data analytics-based accelerator controls1 simulation software1 new particle sources1 advanced laser technology1 and transformative research2 and 7#b7 optimal operation of the ,accelerator ,test ,facility4 7c7 ,accelerator development ,in carrying out the program authorized under subsection 7a71 the ,director shall support partnerships to foster the development1 demonstration1 and commercial application of accelerator technologies1 including advanced superconducting wire and cable1 superconducting ,,rf cavities1 and high efficiency radiofrequency power sources for accelerators4 7d7 ,research collaborations ,in developing accelerator technologies under the program authorized under subsection 7a71 the ,director shall-- 7#a7 consider the requirements necessary to support translational research and development for medical1 industrial1 security1 and defense applications2 and 7#b7 leverage investments in accelerator technologies and fundamental research in particle physics by partnering with institutions of higher education1 industry1 and other ,federal agencies to enable the commercial application of advanced accelerator technologies4 7e7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #bd1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #be1fhj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #bg1dgg1fjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #bi1dja1jcb for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #ca1dei1ajd for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 #aa4 ,isotope research1 development1 and production 7a7 ,in general ,the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfja et seq47 is amended by adding after section #caj 7as added by section #aj7 the following3 #caa4 ,isotope research1 development1 and production 7a7 ,definition of critical radioactive and stable isotope 7#a7 ,in general ,in this section1 the term critical radioactive and stable isotope means a radioactive and stable isotope-- 7,a7 the domestic commercial production of which is unavailable or inadequate to satisfy the demand of research1 medical1 industrial1 or related industries in the ,united ,states2 and 7,b7 the supply of which is augmented through-- 7i7 ,department production2 or 7ii7 foreign suppliers4 7#b7 ,exclusion ,in this section1 the term critical radioactive and stable isotope does not include the medical isotope molybdenum-#ii1 the production and supply of which is addressed in the ,american ,medical ,isotopes ,production ,act of #bjab 7,public ,law #aab-bci2 #abf ,stat4 #bbaa7 7including the amendments made by that ,act74 7b7 ,program ,the ,director shall-- 7#a7 carry out1 in coordination with other relevant programs across the ,department1 a program-- 7,a7 for the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes1 including the development of techniques to produce isotopes1 that the ,secretary determines are needed and of sufficient quality for research1 medical1 industrial1 or related purposes2 7,b7 for the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes that are in short supply1 including byproducts1 surplus materials1 and related isotope services2 7,c7 to maintain and enhance the infrastructure required to produce and supply critical radioactive and stable isotope products and related services2 7,d7 to conduct research and development on new and improved isotope production and processing techniques that can make critical radioactive and stable isotopes available for research and application while assisting in workforce development2 7,e7 to reduce domestic dependency on the foreign supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes to ensure national preparedness2 and 7,f7 7i7 to the maximum extent practicable1 in accordance with-- 7,i7 evidence-based reports1 including the #bjae report of the ,nuclear ,science ,advisory ,committee entitled ,meeting ,isotope ,needs and ,capturing ,opportunities for the ,future2 and 7,,ii7 assessments of isotope supply chains1 including current and future assessments2 or 7ii7 as the ,director otherwise determines necessary to ensure the availability of sufficient quantities of critical radioactive and stable isotopes to address existing and future needs2 7#b7 ensure that isotope production activities carried out under this subsection are consistent with the statement of policy entitled ,policies and ,procedures for ,transfer of ,commercial ,radioisotope ,production and ,distribution to ,private ,industry 7#cj ,fed4 ,reg4 #cbdg 7,march #i1 #aife772 7#c7 assess the domestic requirements of current and emerging critical radioactive and stable isotopes and associated applications to identify areas that may require ,federal investment for the development of domestic production capacity for those isotopes1 including through public-private partnerships1 as appropriate2 7#d7 ensure that isotope production activities are consistent with the needs of associated end-users1 are of the quality needed by the end-users1 and appropriately address the growing need for novel isotopes2 7#e7 ensure that actions taken by the ,department do not interfere with1 delay1 or otherwise adversely affect efforts by the private sector to make available or otherwise facilitate the supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes1 including efforts under existing agreements between the ,department or contractors of the ,department and the private sector2 and 7#f7 in coordination with the ,assistant ,secretary for ,nuclear ,energy1 assess options for demonstrating the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes in commercial nuclear reactors4 7c7 ,advisory committee 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than #ij days after the date of enactment of this section1 the ,secretary shall establish an advisory committee 7referred to in this subsection as the committee7 in alignment with the ,isotope ,program of the ,department-- 7,a7 to carry out the activities previously executed as part of the ,isotope ,subcommittee of the ,nuclear ,science ,advisory ,committee2 and 7,b7 to provide expert advice and assistance to the ,director in carrying out subsection 7a74 7#b7 ,report 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #a year after the committee is established1 the committee shall-- 7i7 update the #bjae ,nuclear ,science ,advisory ,committee ,isotope ,committee ,report entitled ,meeting ,isotope ,needs and ,capturing ,opportunities for the ,future2 and 7ii7 periodically update that report thereafter as needed4 7,b7 ,inclusions ,an updated report under subparagraph 7,a7 shall include an assessment of-- 7i7 current demand in the ,united ,states for critical radioactive and stable isotopes2 7ii7 the impact of continued reliance on foreign supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes2 7iii7 proposed mitigation strategies1 including increasing domestic production sources for critical radioactive and stable isotopes1 that-- 7,i7 are not commercially available2 or 7,,ii7 are commercially produced in quantities that are not sufficient-- 7aa7 to satisfy domestic demand2 and 7bb7 to minimize production constraints and supply disruptions to the ,united ,states healthcare and industrial isotope industries2 7iv7 current facilities1 including upgrades to those facilities1 and new facilities needed to meet domestic critical isotope needs2 and 7v7 workforce development needs4 7#c7 ,nonduplication ,the committee shall work in alignment with1 and shall not duplicate the efforts of1 preexisting advisory committees that are advising the ,isotope ,program of the ,department4 7#d7 ,,faca ,the committee shall be subject to the ,federal ,advisory ,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app474 7d7 ,report 7#a7 ,in general ,not later than the end of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of enactment of this section1 and biennially thereafter1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committees on ,energy and ,natural ,resources and ,environment and ,public ,works of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce of the ,house of ,representatives a report describing the progress made under the program established under subsection 7a7 during the preceding #b fiscal years4 7#b7 ,inclusions ,each report under paragraph 7#a7 shall include-- 7,a7 an updated assessment of any critical radioactive and stable isotope shortages in the ,united ,states2 7,b7 a description of-- 7i7 any disruptions in the international supply of critical radioactive and stable isotopes during the preceding #b fiscal years2 and 7ii7 the impact of those disruptions on related activities2 and 7,c7 7i7 a projection of anticipated disruptions in the international supply1 or supply constraints1 of critical radioactive and stable isotopes during the next #b fiscal years2 and 7ii7 the anticipated impact of those disruptions or constraints1 as applicable1 on related domestic activities4 7e7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this section-- 7#a7 #ij1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #if1cjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #ajc1jda1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #aaj1bec1hgj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #aag1iga1fda for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7b7 ,demonstration of isotope production ,section #ieb7;a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #bjje 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #afbgb7;a77 is amended-- 7#a7 by redesignating paragraph 7#b7 as paragraph 7#d7 and moving the paragraph so as to appear after paragraph 7#c72 and 7#b7 by inserting after paragraph 7#a7 the following3 7#b7 ,isotope demonstration subprogram 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 acting through the ,assistant ,secretary for ,nuclear ,energy1 shall establish a subprogram of the program established under paragraph 7#a71 to be known as the isotope demonstration subprogram1 to support the development and commercial demonstration of critical radioactive and stable isotope production in existing commercial nuclear power plants4 7,b7 ,consultation ,in considering options for demonstrating the production of critical radioactive and stable isotopes in commercial nuclear reactors under the subprogram established under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary1 acting through the ,assistant ,secretary for ,nuclear ,energy1 shall consult with the ,director of the ,office of ,science4 7,c7 ,authorization of appropriations ,in addition to any amounts made available to the ,secretary under paragraph 7#d71 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary for each fiscal year described in that paragraph such sums as are necessary to carry out not more than #c demonstration projects under the subprogram established under subparagraph 7,a74 4 7c7 ,radioisotope processing facility 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this subsection as the ,secretary7 shall construct a radioisotope processing facility to provide for the growing radiochemical processing capability needs associated with the production of critical radioactive isotopes authorized under section #caa of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act4 7#b7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this subsection #cge1jjj1jjj for the period of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 7d7 ,stable isotope production and research center 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary of ,energy 7referred to in this subsection as the ,secretary7 shall establish a stable isotope production and research center-- 7,a7 to expand the ability of the ,united ,states to perform multiple stable isotope production campaigns at large-scale production1 as authorized under section #caa of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act2 7,b7 to mitigate the dependence of the ,united ,states on foreign-produced stable isotopes2 and 7,c7 to promote economic resilience4 7#b7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out this subsection #bej1jjj1jjj for the period of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 #ab4 ,increased collaboration with teachers and scientists 7a7 ,in general ,the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfja et seq47 is amended by adding after section #caa 7as added by section #aa71 the following3 #cab4 ,increased collaboration with teachers and scientists ,the ,director shall support the development of a scientific workforce through programs that facilitate collaboration between and among teachers at elementary schools and secondary schools1 students at institutions of higher education1 early-career researchers1 faculty at institutions of higher education1 and the ,national ,laboratories1 including through the use of proven techniques to expand the number of individuals from underrepresented groups pursuing and attaining skills or undergraduate and graduate degrees relevant to the mission of the ,office of ,science4 4 7b7 ,authorization of appropriations ,section #cafi of the ,department of ,energy ,science ,education ,enhancement ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gcha;e7 is amended by striking fiscal year #aiia and inserting each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf4 7c7 ,broadening participation in workforce development for teachers and scientists 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,department of ,energy ,science ,education ,enhancement ,act is amended by inserting after section #cafg 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #gcha;c-#a7 the following3 #cafg;,a4 ,broadening participation for teachers and scientists 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 expand opportunities to increase the number of highly skilled science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics 7,,stem7 professionals working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the ,department2 and 7#b7 broaden the recruitment pool to increase participation from ,historically ,black ,colleges or ,universities 7as defined in section #cafg;,b7f771 ,hispanic-serving institutions 7as defined in that section71 ,tribal ,colleges or ,universities 7as defined in that section71 minority-serving institutions 7as defined in that section71 institutions in eligible jurisdictions 7as defined in that section71 emerging research institutions1 community colleges1 and scientific societies in those disciplines4 7b7 ,plan ,not later than #a year after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committees on ,energy and ,natural ,resources and ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate and make available to the public a plan for broadening participation of underrepresented groups in science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics in programs supported by the ,department1 including-- 7#a7 a plan for supporting relevant ,federal research award grantees and leveraging partnerships1 including partnerships maintained by other ,federal research agencies2 7#b7 metrics for assessing the participation of underrepresented groups in programs supported by the ,department2 7#c7 experienced and potential barriers to broadening participation of underrepresented groups in programs supported by the ,department1 including recommended solutions2 and 7#d7 any other activities the ,secretary determines appropriate4 7c7 ,authorization of appropriations ,of the amounts authorized to be appropriated under section #cafi1 not less than #b1jjj1jjj is authorized to be appropriated each fiscal year for the activities described in this section4 #cafg;,b4 ,expanding opportunities for highly skilled science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics 7,,stem7 professionals 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 expand opportunities for highly skilled science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics 7,,stem7 professionals working in disciplines relevant to the mission of the ,department2 and 7#b7 broaden the recruitment pool to increase participation from ,historically ,black ,colleges or ,universities1 ,hispanic serving institutions1 ,tribal ,colleges or ,universities1 minority-serving institutions1 institutions in eligible jurisdictions1 emerging research institutions1 community colleges1 and scientific societies in those disciplines4 7b7 ,plan and ,outreach strategy 7#a7 ,plan 7,a7 ,in general ,not later than #ahj days after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a #aj-year educational plan to fund and expand new or existing programs administered by the ,office of ,science and sited at the ,national ,laboratories and ,department user facilities to expand educational and workforce opportunities for underrepresented individuals1 including-- 7i7 high school1 undergraduate1 and graduate students2 and 7ii7 recent graduates1 teachers1 and faculty in ,,stem fields4 7,b7 ,contents ,the plan under subparagraph 7,a7 may include paid internships1 fellowships1 temporary employment1 training programs1 visiting student and faculty programs1 sabbaticals1 and research support4 7#b7 ,outreach capacity ,the ,secretary shall include in the plan under paragraph 7#a7 an outreach strategy to improve the advertising1 recruitment1 and promotion of educational and workforce programs to community colleges1 ,historically ,black ,colleges or ,universities1 ,hispanic-serving institutions1 ,tribal ,colleges or ,universities1 minority-serving institutions1 institutions in eligible jurisdictions1 and emerging research institutions4 7c7 ,building research capacity 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall develop programs that strengthen the research capacity relevant to ,office of ,science disciplines at emerging research institutions1 including minority-serving institutions1 ,tribal ,colleges or ,universities1 ,historically ,black ,colleges or ,universities1 institutions in eligible jurisdictions 7as defined in section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,a7771 institutions in communities with dislocated workers who were previously employed in manufacturing1 coal power plants1 and coal mining1 and other institutions of higher education4 7#b7 ,inclusions ,the programs developed under paragraph 7#a7 may include-- 7,a7 enabling mutually beneficial and jointly managed partnerships between research-intensive institutions and emerging research institutions2 and 7,b7 soliciting research proposals1 fellowships1 training programs1 and research support directly from emerging research institutions4 7d7 ,traineeships 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a university-led ,traineeship ,program to address workforce training needs in ,,stem fields relevant to the ,department4 7#b7 ,focus ,the focus of the ,traineeship ,program established under paragraph 7#a7 shall be on-- 7,a7 supporting training and research experiences for underrepresented undergraduate and graduate students2 and 7,b7 increasing participation from underrepresented populations4 7#c7 ,inclusion ,the traineeships under the ,traineeship ,program established under paragraph 7#a7 shall include opportunities to build the next-generation workforce in research areas critical to maintaining core competencies across the programs of the ,office of ,science4 7e7 ,evaluation 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish key performance indicators to measure and monitor progress of education and workforce programs and expand ,departmental activities for data collection and analysis4 7#b7 ,report ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 and every #b years thereafter1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a report summarizing progress toward meeting the key performance indicators established under paragraph 7#a74 7f7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,hispanic-serving institution ,the term ,hispanic-serving institution has the meaning given the term in section #ejb7;a7 of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja;a7a774 7#b7 ,historically ,black ,college or ,university ,the term ,historically ,black ,college or ,university has the meaning given the term part ,b institution in section #cbb of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajfa74 7#c7 ,institution in an eligible jurisdiction ,the term institution in an eligible jurisdiction means an institution of higher education 7as defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja77 that is located in an eligible jurisdiction 7as defined in section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,a7774 7#d7 ,minority-serving institution ,the term minority-serving institution includes the entities described in any of paragraphs 7#a7 through 7#g7 of section #cga7;a7 of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajfgq7a774 7#e7 ,,stem ,the term ,,stem means the subjects listed in section #b of the ,,stem ,education ,act of #bjae 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ffba note2 ,public ,law #aad-ei74 7#f7 ,tribal ,college or ,university ,the term ,tribal ,college or ,university has the meaning given the term in section #caf7;b7 of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajei;c7b774 4 7#b7 ,clerical amendment ,the table of contents in section #b7;b7 of the ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #aiia 7,public ,law #aja-eaj2 #ajd ,stat4 #adig7 is amended by striking the items relating to sections #cafg and #cafh and inserting the following3 ,sec4 #cafg4 ,partnerships with historically ,black colleges and universities1 ,hispanic-serving institutions1 and tribal colleges4,sec4 #cafg;,a4 ,broadening participation for teachers and scientists4,sec4 #cafg;,b4 ,expanding opportunities for highly skilled science1 technology1 engineering1 and mathematics 7,,stem7 professionals4,sec4 #cafh4 ,definitions4,sec4 #cafi4 ,authorization of appropriations4 4 #ac4 ,high intensity laser research initiative2 helium conservation program2 ,office of ,science emerging biological threat preparedness research initiative2 midscale instrumentation and research equipment program2 authorization of appropriations 7a7 ,in general ,the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #ahfja et seq47 7as amended by section #ab7;a77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 #cac4 ,high intensity laser research initiative 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall establish a high intensity laser research initiative consistent with the recommendations of the ,national ,academies report entitled ,opportunities in ,intense ,ultrafast ,lasers3 ,reaching for the ,brightest ,light and the report from the ,brightest ,light ,initiative workshop entitled ,the ,future of ,intense ,ultrafast ,lasers in the ,u4,s44 ,the initiative should include research and development of petawatt-scale and of high average power laser technologies necessary for future facility needs in discovery science and to advance energy technologies1 as well as support for a user network of academic and ,national ,laboratory high intensity laser facilities4 7b7 ,leverage ,the ,director shall leverage new laser technologies for more compact1 less complex1 and low-cost accelerator systems needed for science applications4 7c7 ,coordination 7#a7 ,director ,the ,director shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection 7a7 among all relevant programs within the ,office of ,science4 7#b7 ,under ,secretary ,the ,under ,secretary for ,science shall coordinate the initiative established under subsection 7a7 with other relevant programs within the ,department and other ,federal agencies4 7d7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this section-- 7#a7 #ej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #ajj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #aej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #bjj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #bej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 #cad4 ,helium conservation program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish a program to reduce the consumption of helium for ,department grant recipients and facilities and encourage helium recycling and reuse4 ,the program shall competitively award grants for-- 7#a7 the purchase of equipment to capture1 reuse1 and recycle helium2 7#b7 the installation1 maintenance1 and repair of new and existing helium capture1 reuse1 and recycling equipment2 and 7#c7 helium alternatives research and development activities4 7b7 ,report ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 and every #c years thereafter1 the ,director shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate a report on the purchase of helium as part of research projects and facilities supported by the ,department4 ,the report shall include-- 7#a7 the quantity of helium purchased for projects and facilities supported by ,department grants2 7#b7 a cost-analysis for such helium2 7#c7 expected or experienced impacts of helium supply shortages or prices on the research projects and facilities supported by the ,department2 and 7#d7 recommendations for reducing ,department grant recipients' exposure to volatile helium prices4 7c7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the program under this section1 the ,director shall coordinate with the ,national ,science ,foundation and other relevant ,federal agencies on helium conservation activities4 7d7 ,duration ,the program established under this section shall receive support for a period of not more than #e years1 subject to the availability of appropriations4 7e7 ,renewal ,upon expiration of any period of support of the program under this section1 the ,director may renew support for the program for a period of not more than #e years4 #cae4 ,office of ,science ,emerging ,biological ,threat ,preparedness ,research ,initiative 7a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall establish within the ,office of ,science a cross-cutting research initiative1 to be known as the ,emerging ,biological ,threat ,preparedness ,research ,initiative1 to leverage the innovative analytical resources and tools1 user facilities1 and advanced computational and networking capabilities of the ,department in order to aid efforts to prevent1 prepare for1 predict1 and respond to emerging natural and anthropogenic biological threats to national security4 7b7 ,competitive1 merit-,reviewed process ,the ,secretary shall carry out the initiative established under subsection 7a7 through a competitive1 merit-reviewed process1 and consider applications from ,national ,laboratories1 institutions of higher education1 multi-institutional collaborations1 industry partners and other appropriate entities4 7c7 ,activities ,in carrying out the initiative established under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7#a7 determine a comprehensive set of technical milestones for the research activities described in that subsection2 and 7#b7 prioritize the objectives of-- 7,a7 supporting fundamental research and development in advanced analytics1 experimental studies1 materials synthesis1 and high-performance computing technologies needed to characterize1 model1 simulate1 and predict complex natural phenomena and biological materials related to emerging biological threats2 7,b7 7i7 supporting epidemiological modeling1 including data management1 curation1 analysis1 and modeling2 and 7ii7 applying artificial intelligence1 machine learning1 and other computing tools to the processes described in clause 7i72 7,c7 understanding and modeling the transport of pathogens in indoor and outdoor air and water environments2 7,d7 researching and developing advances in cost-effective and rapid pathogen detection1 monitoring1 testing1 and diagnostic technologies and protocols1 including for physiological and environmental samples2 7,e7 supporting the research and development of materials and manufacturing of critical supplies needed for the prevention of and response to biological threats2 7,f7 advancing molecular design for medical therapeutics2 7,g7 ensuring that new experimental and computational tools are accessible to relevant research communities1 including private sector entities and other ,federal research institutions2 and 7,h7 supporting activities and projects that combine computational modeling and simulation with experimental research facilities and studies4 7d7 ,coordination ,in carrying out the initiative established under subsection 7a71 the ,secretary shall coordinate activities with-- 7#a7 other relevant offices of the ,department2 7#b7 the ,national ,nuclear ,security ,administration2 7#c7 the ,national ,laboratories2 7#d7 the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation2 7#e7 the ,director of the ,centers for ,disease ,control and ,prevention2 7#f7 the ,director of the ,national ,institutes of ,health2 7#g7 the heads of other relevant ,federal agencies2 7#h7 institutions of higher education2 and 7#i7 the private sector4 7e7 ,emerging infectious diseases high performance computing research consortium 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,national ,science ,foundation and the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy1 shall establish and operate an ,emerging ,infectious ,diseases ,high ,performance ,computing ,research ,consortium 7referred to in this section as the ,consortium71 to support the initiative established under subsection 7a7 by providing1 to the extent practicable1 a centralized entity for multidisciplinary1 collaborative1 emerging infectious disease and biosecurity research and development through high performance computing and advanced data analytics technologies and processes1 in conjunction with the experimental research facilities and studies supported by the ,department4 7#b7 ,membership ,the members of the ,consortium may include representatives from relevant ,federal agencies1 the ,national ,laboratories1 the private sector1 and institutions of higher education1 which can each contribute relevant compute time1 capabilities1 or other resources4 7#c7 ,activities ,the ,consortium shall-- 7,a7 match applicants with available ,federal and private sector computing resources2 7,b7 consider supplemental awards for computing partnerships with ,consortium members to qualifying entities on a competitive merit-review basis2 7,c7 encourage collaboration and communication among member representatives of the ,consortium and awardees2 7,d7 provide access to the high-performance computing capabilities1 expertise1 and user facilities of the ,department and the ,national ,laboratories2 and 7,e7 submit an annual report to the ,secretary summarizing the activities of the ,consortium1 including-- 7i7 describing each project undertaken by the ,consortium2 7ii7 detailing organizational expenditures2 and 7iii7 evaluating contributions to the achievement of technical milestones as determined in subsection 7a74 7#d7 ,coordination ,the ,secretary shall ensure the coordination of1 and avoid unnecessary duplication of1 the activities of the ,consortium with the activities of other research entities of the ,department1 other ,federal research institutions1 institutions of higher education1 and the private sector4 7f7 ,report ,not later than #b years after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives and the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources and the ,committee on ,commerce1 ,science1 and ,transportation of the ,senate a report detailing the effectiveness of-- 7#a7 the interagency coordination among each ,federal agency involved in the initiative established under subsection 7a72 7#b7 the collaborative research achievements of that initiative1 including the achievement of the technical milestones determined under that subsection2 and 7#c7 potential opportunities to expand the technical capabilities of the ,department4 7g7 ,funding ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities under this section-- 7#a7 #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb and #bjbc2 and 7#b7 such sums as are necessary for each of fiscal years #bjbd through #bjbf4 7h7 ,prohibition 7#a7 ,in general ,in carrying out this section1 the ,secretary may not carry out gain-of-function research4 7#b7 ,gain-of-function research defined ,in this subsection1 gain-of-function research means research activities with the potential to generate pathogens with high transmissibility and high virulence in humans4 7#c7 ,oversight and guidance ,the ,director of the ,office of ,science and ,technology ,policy shall provide guidance to the ,department1 the ,national ,laboratories1 and users regarding the establishment and promulgation of policies to implement the prohibition under paragraph 7#a74 #caf4 ,midscale instrumentation and research equipment program 7a7 ,in general ,the ,director shall establish a midscale instrumentation and research equipment program to develop1 acquire1 and commercialize research instrumentation and equipment needed to meet the missions of the ,department and to provide platform technologies for the broader scientific community4 7b7 ,activities ,under the program established under subsection 7a71 the ,director shall-- 7#a7 enable the development and acquisition of novel1 state-of-the-art instruments that-- 7,a7 range in cost from #a1jjj1jjj to #bj1jjj1jjj each2 and 7,b7 would significantly accelerate scientific breakthroughs at user facilities2 and 7#b7 strongly encourage partnerships among-- 7,a7 ,national ,laboratories2 7,b7 user facilities2 and 7,c7 7i7 institutions in a ,state receiving funding under the ,established ,program to ,stimulate ,competitive ,research established under section #bbjc7;b77#c7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c772 7ii7 historically ,black colleges or universities2 7iii7 minority-serving institutions of higher education2 or 7iv7 institutions of higher education in a rural area4 7#c7 ,coordination with other programs ,the ,director shall coordinate the program established under paragraph 7#a7 with all other programs carried out by the ,office of ,science of the ,department4 7c7 ,research equipment and technology development coordination ,the ,director shall encourage coordination among the ,office of ,science1 the ,national ,laboratories1 the ,office of ,technology ,transitions1 and relevant academic and private sector entities to promote the dissemination or commercialization of research equipment and related technologies developed to aid basic science research discoveries4 7d7 ,authorization of appropriations ,out of funds authorized to be appropriated for the ,office of ,science in a fiscal year1 there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section #aej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscals years #bjbb through #bjbf4 #cag4 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out the activities described in this title-- 7#a7 #h1dea1ije1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7#b7 #i1jce1ced1fjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7#c7 #i1gje1dgj1fgb for fiscal year #bjbd2 7#d7 #aj1bei1gjc1efi for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7#e7 #ab1jdi1gjb1daa for fiscal year #bjbf4 4 7b7 ,table of contents ,section #a7;b7 of the ,department of ,energy ,research and ,innovation ,act is amended in the table of contents by inserting after the item relating to section #cji the following3 ,sec4 #caj4 ,accelerator research and development4 ,sec4 #caa4 ,isotope research1 development1 and production4 ,sec4 #cab4 ,increased collaboration with teachers and scientists4 ,sec4 #cac4 ,high intensity laser research initiative4 ,sec4 #cad4 ,helium conservation program4 ,sec4 #cae4 ,office of ,science ,emerging ,biological ,threat ,preparedness ,research ,initiative4 ,sec4 #caf4 ,midscale instrumentation and research equipment program4,sec4 #cag4 ,authorization of appropriations4 4 #ad4 ,established program to stimulate competitive research 7a7 ,research areas ,section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,e7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,e77 is amended-- 7#a7 in the subparagraph heading1 by striking in areas of applied energy research1 environmental management1 and basic science2 7#b7 in clause 7i7-- 7,a7 in subclause 7,i71 by inserting nuclear energy1 before and2 and 7,b7 by striking subclause 7,v7 and inserting the following3 7,v7 basic science research1 including-- 7aa7 advanced scientific computing research2 7bb7 basic energy sciences2 7cc7 biological and environmental research2 7dd7 fusion energy sciences2 7ee7 high energy physics2 7ff7 nuclear physics2 7gg7 isotope research1 development1 and production2 7hh7 accelerator research1 development1 and production2 and 7ii7 other areas of research funded by the ,office of ,science1 as determined by the ,secretary4 2 and 7#c7 in clause 7ii7-- 7,a7 in subclause 7,,ii71 by striking graduate and inserting undergraduate scholarships1 graduate fellowships1 and2 7,b7 in subclause 7,,iii71 by striking 2 and and inserting and staff22 7,c7 in subclause 7,,iv7-- 7i7 by striking biennial and inserting annual2 and 7ii7 by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon2 and 7,d7 by adding at the end the following3 7,v7 to develop research clusters for particular areas of expertise2 and 7,,vi7 to diversify the future workforce4 4 7b7 ,research capability enhancement ,section #bbjc7;b77#c7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77 is amended by striking subparagraph 7,f7 and inserting the following3 7,f7 ,research capability enhancement 7i7 ,scholarships and fellowships 7,i7 ,in general ,pursuant to subparagraph 7,e77ii71 the ,secretary shall award grants to institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions for those institutions of higher education to provide scholarships and fellowships4 7,,ii7 ,grant ,a scholarship or fellowship awarded by an institution of higher education in an eligible jurisdiction using a grant provided under subclause 7,i7-- 7aa7 in the case of an undergraduate scholarship-- 7,,aa7 shall be for a period of #a year2 and 7,,bb7 may be competitively renewable on an annual basis2 and 7bb7 in the case of a graduate level fellowship1 shall be for a period of not more than #e years4 7ii7 ,early career capacity development 7,i7 ,in general ,pursuant to subparagraph 7,e77ii71 the ,secretary shall award grants to early career faculty and staff at institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions-- 7aa7 to support investigator-initiated research1 including associated research equipment and instrumentation2 7bb7 to support activities associated with identifying and responding to funding opportunities2 7cc7 to secure technical assistance for the pursuit of funding opportunities2 and 7dd7 to develop and enhance collaboration among ,national ,laboratories1 ,department of ,energy programs1 the private sector1 and other relevant entities4 7,,ii7 ,grants ,a grant awarded under subclause 7,i7 shall be-- 7aa7 for a period of not more than #e years2 and 7bb7 competitively renewable for an additional #e-year period4 7iii7 ,research capacity development 7,i7 ,in general ,pursuant to subparagraph 7,e77ii71 the ,secretary shall award competitive grants to institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions for research capacity development and implementation1 including-- 7aa7 developing expertise in key technology areas1 including associated equipment and instrumentation2 7bb7 developing and acquiring novel1 state-of-the-art instruments and equipment that range in cost from #ejj1jjj to #bj1jjj1jjj2 7cc7 enhancing collaboration with ,national ,laboratories1 the ,department of ,energy1 and the private sector through faculty or staff placement programs2 and 7dd7 supporting formal partnership programs with institutions of higher education and ,national ,laboratories4 7,,ii7 ,grants ,a grant awarded under subclause 7,i7 shall be-- 7aa7 for a period of not more than #e years2 and 7bb7 renewable for an additional #e-year period4 7,,iii7 ,equipment and instrumentation ,to the maximum extent practicable1 the ,secretary shall ensure that research equipment and instrumentation developed or acquired pursuant to a grant awarded under subclause 7,i7 may sustain continued operation and be maintained without the need for additional or subsequent funding under this section4 4 7c7 ,program implementation update ,section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,g7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,g77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7iii7 ,update ,not later than #bgj days after the date of enactment of the ,department of ,energy ,science for the ,future ,act of #bjbb1 the ,secretary shall-- 7,i7 update the plan submitted under clause 7i72 and 7,,ii7 submit the updated plan to the committees described in that clause4 4 7d7 ,program evaluation report ,section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,h7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,h77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7iv7 ,annual report ,at the end of each fiscal year1 the ,secretary shall submit to the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources and the ,committee on ,appropriations of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,energy and ,commerce and the ,committee on ,appropriations of the ,house of ,representatives a report that includes-- 7,i7 the total amount of expenditures made by the ,department to carry out ,e,p,s,co,r in each eligible jurisdiction for each of the #c most recent fiscal years for which such information is available2 7,,ii7 7aa7 the number of ,e,p,s,co,r awards made to institutions of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions2 and 7bb7 the amount and type of each award2 7,,iii7 the number of awards that are not ,e,p,s,co,r awards made by the ,secretary to institutions of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions2 7,,iv7 7aa7 the number of representatives of institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions serving on each ,office of ,science advisory committee2 and 7bb7 for each such advisory committee1 the percentage of committee membership that those individuals constitute2 and 7,v7 the number of individuals from institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions serving on peer review committees4 4 7e7 ,funding ,section #bbjc7;b77#c7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77 is amended by adding at the end the following3 7,i7 ,funding 7i7 ,authorization of appropriations ,there are authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to carry out ,e,p,s,co,r1 to remain available until expended-- 7,i7 #ge1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbb2 7,,ii7 #ge1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbc2 7,,iii7 #ajj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbd2 7,,iv7 #ajj1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbe2 and 7,v7 #aej1jjj1jjj for fiscal year #bjbf4 7ii7 ,grants to consortia ,in the case of an ,e,p,s,co,r grant awarded to a consortium that contains institutions of higher education that are not located in eligible jurisdictions1 the ,secretary may count-- 7,i7 the full amount of funds expended to provide the grant towards meeting the funding requirement in clause 7iii7 if the lead entity of the consortium is an institution of higher education located in an eligible jurisdiction2 and 7,,ii7 only the funds provided to institutions of higher education located in eligible jurisdictions towards meeting the funding requirement in clause 7iii7 if the lead entity of the consortium is an institution of higher education that is not located in an eligible jurisdiction4 7iii7 ,additional funds for eligible jurisdictions ,in addition to funds authorized to be appropriated under clause 7i71 the ,secretary1 to the maximum extent practicable1 shall ensure that1 of the research and development funds of the ,office of ,science that are awarded by the ,secretary each year to institutions of higher education1 not less than #aj percent is awarded to institutions of higher education in eligible jurisdictions pursuant to the evaluation and selection criteria in section #fje4aj of title #aj1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations 7or successor regulations74 7iv7 ,additional funds for equipment and instrumentation ,in addition to funds authorized to be appropriated under clause 7i71 there is authorized to be appropriated to the ,secretary to award grants under subparagraph 7,f77iii77,i7 for the purpose described in item 7bb7 of that subparagraph #ej1jjj1jjj for each of fiscal years #bjbb through #bjbf1 to remain available until expended4 4 7f7 ,advisory committees to the ,office of ,science ,in order to improve the advice and guidance provided to the ,office of ,science1 the ,undersecretary for ,science shall seek to ensure1 to the maximum extent practicable1 the robust participation of institutions of higher education 7as defined in section #aja of the ,higher ,education ,act of #aife 7#bj ,u4,s4,c4 #ajja77 located in eligible jurisdictions 7as defined in section #bbjc7;b77#c77;,a7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77#c77;,a777 on the ,office of ,science ,federal ,advisory ,committee4 7g7 ,technical amendments ,section #bbjc7;b7 of the ,energy ,policy ,act of #aiib 7#db ,u4,s4,c4 #acejc7;b77 is amended-- 7#a7 in paragraph 7#a71 by striking 7#a7 ,the ,secretary and inserting the following3 7#a7 ,university research reactors ,the ,secretary 2 and 7#b7 in paragraph 7#b71 by striking 7#b7 ,the ,secretary and inserting the following3 7#b7 ,method to evaluate effectiveness of education programs ,the ,secretary 4 #ae4 ,research security 7a7 ,definitions ,in this section3 7#a7 ,country of risk 7,a7 ,in general ,the term country of risk means a foreign country determined by the ,secretary1 in accordance with subparagraph 7,b71 to present a risk of theft of ,united ,states intellectual property or a threat to the national security of the ,united ,states if nationals of the country1 or entities owned or controlled by the country or nationals of the country1 participate in any research1 development1 demonstration1 or deployment activity authorized under this ,act or an amendment made by this ,act4 7,b7 ,determination ,in making a determination under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,office of ,intelligence and ,counterintelligence1 shall take into consideration-- 7i7 the most recent ,world ,wide ,threat ,assessment of the ,united ,states ,intelligence ,community1 prepared by the ,director of ,national ,intelligence2 and 7ii7 the most recent ,national ,counterintelligence ,strategy of the ,united ,states4 7#b7 ,covered support ,the term covered support means any grant1 contract1 subcontract1 award1 loan1 program1 support1 or other activity authorized under this ,act or an amendment made by this ,act4 7#c7 ,entity of concern ,the term entity of concern means any entity1 including a national1 that is-- 7,a7 identified under section #abcg7;b7 of the ,strom ,thurmond ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #aiii 7#ej ,u4,s4,c4 #agja note2 ,public ,law #aje-bfa72 7,b7 identified under section #abfj;,h of the ,william ,m4 7,mac7 ,thornberry ,national ,defense ,authorization ,act for ,fiscal ,year #bjba 7#aj ,u4,s4,c4 #aac note2 ,public ,law #aaf-bhc72 7,c7 on the ,entity ,list maintained by the ,bureau of ,industry and ,security of the ,department of ,commerce and set forth in ,supplement ,no4 #d to part #gdd of title #ae1 ,code of ,federal ,regulations2 7,d7 included in the list required by section #i7;b77#c7 of the ,uyghur ,human ,rights ,policy ,act of #bjbj 7,public ,law #aaf-ade2 #acd ,stat4 #fef72 or 7,e7 identified by the ,secretary1 in coordination with the ,director of the ,office of ,intelligence and ,counterintelligence and the applicable office that would provide1 or is providing1 covered support1 as posing an unmanageable threat-- 7i7 to the national security of the ,united ,states2 or 7ii7 of theft or loss of ,united ,states intellectual property4 7#d7 ,national ,the term national has the meaning given the term in section #aja of the ,immigration and ,nationality ,act 7#h ,u4,s4,c4 #aaja74 7#e7 ,secretary ,the term ,secretary means the ,secretary of ,energy4 7b7 ,science and technology risk assessment 7#a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary shall develop and maintain tools and processes to manage and mitigate research security risks1 such as a science and technology risk matrix1 informed by threats identified by the ,director of the ,office of ,intelligence and ,counterintelligence1 to facilitate determinations of the risk of loss of ,united ,states intellectual property or threat to the national security of the ,united ,states posed by activities carried out under any covered support4 7#b7 ,content and implementation ,in developing and using the tools and processes developed under paragraph 7#a71 the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 deploy risk-based approaches to evaluating1 awarding1 and managing certain research1 development1 demonstration1 and deployment activities1 including designations that will indicate the relative risk of activities2 7,b7 assess1 to the extent practicable1 ongoing high-risk activities2 7,c7 designate an officer or employee of the ,department of ,energy to be responsible for tracking and notifying recipients of any covered support of unmanageable threats to ,united ,states national security or of theft or loss of ,united ,states intellectual property posed by an entity of concern2 7,d7 consider requiring recipients of covered support to implement additional research security mitigations for higher-risk activities if appropriate2 and 7,e7 support the development of research security training for recipients of covered support on the risks posed by entities of concern4 7#c7 ,annual updates ,the tools and processes developed under paragraph 7#a7 shall be evaluated annually and updated as needed1 with threat-informed input from the ,office of ,intelligence and ,counterintelligence1 to reflect changes in the risk designation under paragraph 7#b77;,a7 of research1 development1 demonstration1 and deployment activities conducted by the ,department4 7c7 ,entity of concern 7#a7 ,prohibition ,except as provided in paragraph 7#b71 no entity of concern1 or individual that owns or controls1 is owned or controlled by1 or is under common ownership or control with an entity of concern1 may receive1 or perform work under1 any covered support4 7#b7 ,waiver of prohibition 7,a7 ,in general ,the ,secretary may waive the prohibition under paragraph 7#a7 if determined by the ,secretary to be in the national interest4 7,b7 ,notification to congress ,not less than #b weeks prior to issuing a waiver under subparagraph 7,a71 the ,secretary shall notify the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives of the intent to issue the waiver1 including a justification for the waiver4 7#c7 ,penalty 7,a7 ,termination of support ,on finding that any entity of concern or individual described in paragraph 7#a7 has received covered support and has not received a waiver under paragraph 7#b71 the ,secretary shall terminate all covered support to that entity of concern or individual1 as applicable4 7,b7 ,penalties ,an entity of concern or individual identified under subparagraph 7,a7 shall be-- 7i7 prohibited from receiving or participating in covered support for a period of not less than #a year but not more than #aj years1 as determined by the ,secretary2 or 7ii7 instead of the penalty described in clause 7i71 subject to any other penalties authorized under applicable law or regulations that the ,secretary determines to be in the national interest4 7,c7 ,notification to ,congress ,prior to imposing a penalty under subparagraph 7,b71 the ,secretary shall notify the ,committee on ,energy and ,natural ,resources of the ,senate and the ,committee on ,science1 ,space1 and ,technology of the ,house of ,representatives of the intent to impose the penalty1 including a description of and justification for the penalty4 7#d7 ,coordination ,the ,secretary shall-- 7,a7 share information about the unmanageable threats described in subsection 7a77#c77;,e7 with other ,federal agencies2 and 7,b7 develop consistent approaches to identifying entities of concern4 7d7 ,international agreements ,this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with the obligations of the ,united ,states under international agreements4 7e7 ,report required ,not later than #bdj days after the date of enactment of this ,act1 the ,secretary shall submit to ,congress a report that-- 7#a7 describes-- 7,a7 the tools and processes developed under subsection 7b77#a7 and any updates to those tools and processes2 and 7,b7 if applicable1 the science and technology risk matrix developed under that subsection and how that matrix has been applied2 7#b7 includes a mitigation plan for managing risks posed by countries of risk with respect to future or ongoing research and development activities of the ,department of ,energy2 and 7#c7 defines critical research areas1 designated by risk1 as determined by the ,secretary4