,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #cbaj  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,novemb] #ae1 #bjba,mr4
 ,w>nock introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 
read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on  
,vet]ans' ,affairs  ,a ,,bill  ,to am5d 
title #ch1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 to ext5d
 to ,black vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 &    
surviv+ sp\ses & c]ta9 direct desc5dants
 ( su* vet]ans1 eligibility = c]ta9 h\s+
 loans & educational assi/ance adm9i/]$ 
by ! ,secret>y ( ,vet]ans ,affairs1 & = 
o!r purposes4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,sgt4 ,isaac ,wood>d1  
,jr4 & ,sgt4 ,joseph ,h4 ,maddox ,,gi   
,bill ,re/oration ,act ( #bjba4  #b4    
,f9d+s ,congress f9ds ! foll[+3 7#a7    
,african ,am]icans play$ a pivotal role 
9 ! w> ef=t dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii1 ) m ?an  
#a1bjj1jjj ,african ,am]icans s]v+ 9 !  
,arm$ ,=ces1 &1 by #aide1 approximately 
#a4i p]c5t ( all (fic]s 9 ! ,arm$ ,=ces 
7 ,african ,am]icans4  7#b7 ,foll[+ ,_w 
,w> ,,ii1 ! ,s]vicem5's ,readju/m5t ,act
 ( #aidd 7#eh ,/at4 #bhd1 commonly kn[n 

z ! ,,gi ,bill7 (f]$ sub/antial mat]ial 
b5efits to #af1jjj1jjj vet]ans to assi/ 
!m 9 re9tegrat+ into civil society4     
7#c7 ,! ,,gi ,bill (f]$ a range (       
economic & educational b5efits adm9i/]$ 
by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t ?r\gh ! ,secret>y 
( ! ,vet]ans ,adm9i/ration1 includ+     
monet>y assi/ance to access high]       
education1 gov]nm5t gu>antees = h\s+    
loans1 unemploym5t all[ances1 & civilian
 work=ce re5try assi/ance4  7#d7 ,?\gh !
 legislative text ( ! ,,gi ,bill 0 race 
neutral1 ! adm9i/ration ( b5efits ?r\gh 
national1 ,/ate1 & local ,vet]ans       
,adm9i/ration (fices result$ 9 a patt]n 
( discrim9ation aga9/ racial m9orities1 
especially ,african ,am]icans4  7#e7    
,vet]ans ,adm9i/ration b5efits c\nselors
 d5i$ ,african ,am]icans access to      
educational b5efits at c]ta9 univ]sities
 & funnel$ applicants into indu/rial &  
vocational s*ools r ?an high] education 
opportunities1 ) j #f p]c5t (           
,african-,am]ican vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii
 e>n+ a college degree1 comp>$ to #ai   

p]c5t ( ,:ite vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii4   
7#f7 ,9 adm9i/]+ its h\s+ gu>anty       
program1 ! ,vet]ans ,adm9i/ration adopt$
 ! ,f$]al ,h\s+ ,adm9i/ration's racial  
exclusion programs1 also kn[n z r$l9+1  
:i* exclud$ a significant numb] (       
,african ,am]icans f tak+ full advantage
 ( ! h\s+ gu>anty program4  7#g7 ,! ,,gi
 ,bill creat$ sub/antial economic gr[? &
 weal? accumulation = ^? :o c\ld b5efit1
 b discrim9atory adm9i/ration ( !       
program prev5t$ _m ,african-,am]ican    
vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii f enjoy+ ! full  
economic prosp]ity ( ! po/-w> p]iod4    
#c4 ,h\s+ loans gu>ante$ by ! ,secret>y 
( ,vet]ans ,affairs = ,black vet]ans (  
,_w ,w> ,,ii & survivors & c]ta9 direct 
desc5dants ( su* vet]ans  7a7           
,e/abli%m5t ,*apt] #cg ( title #ch1     
,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 is am5d$ z foll[s3 
7#a7 ,def9ition ,section #cgja7;b7 ( su*
 title is am5d$ by add+ at ! end !      
foll[+ new p>agraphs3  7#h7 ,! t]m      
vet]an also includes1 = purposes ( h\s+ 
loans1 an individual :o-- 7,a7 is       

,black2  7,b7 s]v$ on active duty z a   
memb] ( ! ,arm$ ,=ces dur+ ,_w ,w> ,,ii2
 &  7,c7 c]tifies to ! ,secret>y t su*  
individual 0 d5i$ a specific b5efit "u !
 ,s]vicem5's ,readju/m5t ,act ( #aidd   
7#eh ,/at4 #bhd7 on ! basis ( race4     
7#i7 ,! t]m vet]an also includes1 =     
purposes ( h\s+ loans1 an individual    
:o-- 7,a7 is ! surviv+ sp\se1 *ild1     
gr&*ild1 or o!r direct desc5dant ( a    
vet]an describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#h72  7,b7  
c]tifies to ! ,secret>y t su* vet]an    
describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#h7 0 d5i$ a       
specific b5efit "u ! ,s]vicem5's        
,readju/m5t ,act ( #aidd 7#eh ,/at4     
#bhd7 on ! basis ( race2 &  7,c7 is liv+
 on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ! ,sgt4 ,isaac
 ,wood>d1 ,jr4 & ,sgt4 ,joseph ,h4      
,maddox ,,gi ,bill ,re/oration ,act (   
#bjba4  4  7#b7 ,basic entitlem5t       
,section #cgjb7;a77#b77;,e7 ( su* title 
is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new  
subp>agraph3  7,h7 ,ea* individual-- 7i7
 describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#h7 or 7#i7 (     
section #cgja7;b7 ( ?is title2 &  7ii7  

:o applies = a h\s+ loan dur+ ! five-ye>
 p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( !
 ,sgt4 ,isaac ,wood>d1 ,jr4 & ,sgt4     
,joseph ,h4 ,maddox ,,gi ,bill          
,re/oration ,act ( #bjba4  4  7b7       
,deadl9e ,! ,secret>y %all c>ry out !   
am5dm5t made by ?is section n lat] ?an  
#ij days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is 
,act4  7c7 ,regulations ,! ,secret>y (  
,vet]ans ,affairs %all prescribe        
regulations to c>ry out ! am5dm5ts made 
by ?is section4  7d7 ,,gao report ,n    
lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ! deadl9e "u       
subsection 7b71 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates %all submit to ,congress 
a report reg>d+-- 7#a7 ! numb] (        
individuals :o receiv$ h\s+ loan b5efits
 pursuant to ! am5dm5ts made by ?is     
section2 &  7#b7 ! total value ( h\s+   
loan b5efits adm9i/]$ by ! ,secret>y    
pursuant to ! am5dm5ts made by ?is      
section4  #d4 ,educational assi/ance =  
survivors & c]ta9 direct desc5dants (   
,black vet]ans ( ,_w ,w> ,,ii  7a7      
,entitlem5t ,subsection 7b7 ( section   

#ccaa ( title #ch1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 
is am5d$ by add+ at ! end ! foll[+ new  
p>agraph3  7#ab7 ,an individual-- 7,a7  
describ$ 9 section #cgja7;b77#i7 ( ?is  
title2 &  7,b7 :o applies = educational 
assi/ance "u ?is *apt] dur+ ! five-ye>  
p]iod beg9n+ on ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ! 
,sgt4 ,isaac ,wood>d1 ,jr4 & ,sgt4      
,joseph ,h4 ,maddox ,,gi ,bill          
,re/oration ,act ( #bjba4  4  7b7       
,deadl9e ,! ,secret>y %all c>ry out !   
am5dm5t made by ?is section n lat] ?an  
#ij days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is 
,act4  7c7 ,regulations ,! ,secret>y (  
,vet]ans ,affairs %all prescribe        
regulations to c>ry out ! am5dm5t made  
by ?is section4  7d7 ,,gao report ,n    
lat] ?an "o ye> aft] ! deadl9e "u       
subsection 7b71 ! ,comptroll] ,g5]al ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates %all submit to ,congress 
a report reg>d+-- 7#a7 ! numb] (        
individuals :o receiv$ educational      
assi/ance pursuant to ! am5dm5t made by 
?is section2 &  7#b7 ! total am\nt (    
educational assi/ance paid by !         

,secret>y pursuant to ! am5dm5t made by 
?is section4  #e4 ,blue ,ribbon panel on
 b5efits & assi/ance = female & m9ority 
vet]ans  7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,n lat] ?an #cj
 days aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is    
,act1 ! ,secret>y ( ,vet]ans ,affairs   
%all1 pursuant to ! ,f$]al ,advisory    
,committee ,act 7,public ,law #ib-dfc2  
#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app471 appo9t a panel (   
indep5d5t exp]ts on-- 7#a7 inequities 9 
! di/ribution ( b5efits & assi/ance     
adm9i/]$ by ! ,secret>y2 &  7#b7 milit>y
 s]vice by female & m9ority memb]s ( !  
,arm$ ,=ces4  7b7 ,duties ,! panel %all 
develop recomm5dations reg>d+ additional
 b5efits & assi/ance = individuals      
describ$ 9 subsection 7a77#b71 & relat$ 
legislation4  7c7 ,report ,n lat] ?an "o
 ye> aft] ! date ( ! enactm5t ( ?is     
,act1 ! panel %all submit to ,congress &
 ! ,presid5t a report conta9+ !         
recomm5dations develop$ "u ?is section4