,,ii  #aag? ,,congress  #a/ ,session    
,s4 #caig  ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,!      
,,unit$ ,,/ates  ,novemb] #d1 #bjba,ms4 
,klobu*> 7= h]self & ,mr4 ,cotton7      
introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read     
twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on !     
,judici>y  ,a ,,bill  ,to promote       
competition & economic opportunity 9    
digital m>kets by e/abli%+ t c]ta9      
acquisitions by dom9ant onl9e plat=ms   
are unlawful4  #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act
 may be cit$ z ! ,plat=m ,competition & 
,opportunity ,act ( #bjba4  #b4         
,unlawful acquisitions  7a7 ,violation  
,x %all be unlawful = a cov]$ plat=m    
op]ator to acquire directly or          
indirectly-- 7#a7 ! :ole or any "p ( !  
/ock or o!r %>e capital ( ano!r p]son   
engag$ 9 comm]ce or 9 any activity      
affect+ comm]ce2 or  7#b7 ! :ole or any 
"p ( ! assets ( ano!r p]son engag$ 9    
comm]ce or 9 any activity affect+       
comm]ce4  7b7 ,exclusion ,an acquisition
 %all n be unlawful "u subsection 7a7 if
 ! acquir+ cov]$ plat=m op]ator         

demon/rates by cle> & conv9c+ evid5ce   
t-- 7#a7 ! acquisition is a transaction 
t is describ$ 9 section #g;,a7c7 ( !    
,clayton ,act2  7#b7 ! acquir$ /ock1 o!r
 %>e capital1 or assets are valu$ at    
less ?an #ej1jjj1jjj2 or  7#c7 ! acquir$
 assets or ! issu] ( ! acquir$ /ock d   
n-- 7,a7 compete ) ! cov]$ plat=m or    
cov]$ plat=m op]ator = ! sale or        
provision ( any product or s]vice2  7,b7
 con/itute nasc5t or pot5tial           
competition to ! cov]$ plat=m or cov]$  
plat=m op]ator = ! sale or provision (  
any product or s]vice2  7,c7 enhance or 
increase ! cov]$ plat=m's or cov]$      
plat=m op]ator's m>ket position )       
respect to ! sale or provision ( any    
product or s]vice (f]$ on or directly   
relat$ to ! cov]$ plat=m2 &  7,d7       
enhance or increase ! cov]$ plat=m's or 
cov]$ plat=m op]ator's ability to ma9ta9
 its m>ket position ) respect to ! sale 
or provision ( any product or s]vice    
(f]$ on or directly relat$ to ! cov]$   
plat=m4  7c7 ,us] att5tion ,= purposes (

 ?is ,act1 competition1 nasc5t          
competition1 or pot5tial competition = !
 sale or provision ( any product or     
s]vice includes competition = a us]'s   
att5tion4  7d7 ,role ( ,data ,= purposes
 ( ?is ,act1 an acquisition t results 9 
access to additional data may1 )\t m--  
7#a7 enhance or increase ! m>ket        
position ( a cov]$ plat=m or cov]$      
plat=m op]ator2 or  7#b7 enhance or     
increase ! ability ( a cov]$ plat=m or  
cov]$ plat=m op]ator to ma9ta9 its m>ket
 position4  #c4 ,def9itions  7a7        
,antitru/ laws ,! t]m antitru/ laws has 
! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9 subsection 7a7 (   
section #a ( ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae       
,u4,s4,c4 #ab74  7b7 ,commission ,! t]m 
,commission means ! ,f$]al ,trade       
,commission4  7c7 ,control ,! t]m       
control ) respect to a p]son means--    
7#a7 hold+ #be p]c5t or m ( ! /ock ( !  
p]son2  7#b7 hav+ ! "r to #be p]c5t or m
 ( ! pr(its ( ! p]son2  7#c7 hav+ ! "r  
to #be p]c5t or m ( ! assets ( ! p]son1 
9 ! ev5t ( ! p]son's dissolution2  7#d7 

if ! p]son is a corporation1 hav+ ! p[] 
to designate #be p]c5t or m ( !         
directors ( ! p]son2  7#e7 if ! p]son is
 a tru/1 hav+ ! p[] to designate #be    
p]c5t or m ( ! tru/ees2 or  7#f7 o!rwise
 ex]cises sub/antial control ov] !      
p]son4  7d7 ,cov]$ plat=m ,! t]m cov]$  
plat=m means an onl9e plat=m-- 7#a7 t   
has be5 designat$ z a cov]$ plat=m "u   
section #d7;a72 or  7#b7 t-- 7,a7 at any
 po9t dur+ ! #ab mon?s prec$+ a         
designation "u section #d7;a7 or at any 
po9t dur+ ! #ab mon?s prec$+ ! fil+ ( a 
compla9t = an alleg$ violation ( ?is    
,act-- 7i7 has at lea/ #ej1jjj1jjj      
,unit$ ,/ates-bas$ mon?ly active us]s on
 ! onl9e plat=m op]ator2 or  7ii7 has at
 lea/ #ajj1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates-bas$ mon?ly
 active bus9ess us]s on ! onl9e plat=m2 
7,b7 z ( ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 0
 own$ or controll$ by a p]son ) ,unit$  
,/ates net annual sales (               
#fjj1jjj1jjj1jjj 9 ! prior cal5d> ye> or
 ) a m>ket capitalization ( great] ?an  
#fjj1jjj1jjj1jjj1 z measur$ by ! simple 

av]age ( ! clos+ price p] %>e ( ! common
 /ock issu$ by ! p]son = ! trad+ days 9 
! #ahj-;day p]iod end+ on ! date (      
enactm5t ( ?is ,act2 &  7,c7 is a       
critical trad+ p>tn] = ! sale or        
provision ( any product or s]vice (f]$  
on or directly relat$ to ! onl9e plat=m4
  7e7 ,cov]$ plat=m op]ator ,! t]m cov]$
 plat=m op]ator means a p]son t owns or 
controls a cov]$ plat=m4  7f7 ,critical 
trad+ p>tn] ,! t]m critical trad+ p>tn] 
means a p]son t-- 7#a7 owns or controls 
an onl9e plat=m2 &  7#b7 has ! ability  
to re/rict or imp$e ! access (-- 7,a7 a 
bus9ess us] to its us]s or cu/om]s2 or  
7,b7 a bus9ess us] to a tool or s]vice t
 x ne$s to effectively s]ve its us]s or 
cu/om]s4  7g7 ,bus9ess us] ,! t]m       
bus9ess us] means a p]son t utilizes or 
plans to utilize ! cov]$ plat=m = ! sale
 or provision ( products or s]vices4    
7h7 ,onl9e plat=m ,! t]m onl9e plat=m   
means a website1 onl9e or mobile        
application1 mobile op]at+ sy/em1       
digital assi/ant1 or onl9e s]vice t--   

7#a7 enables a us] to g5]ate cont5t t c 
be view$ by o!r us]s on ! plat=m or to  
int]act ) o!r cont5t on ! plat=m2  7#b7 
facilitates ! (f]+1 sale1 pur*ase1      
paym5t1 or %ipp+ ( products or s]vices1 
includ+ s(tw>e applications1 betwe5 &   
among consum]s or bus9esses n controll$ 
by ! plat=m op]ator2 or  7#c7 enables   
us] se>*es or qu]ies t access or display
 a l>ge volume ( in=mation4  7i7 ,p]son 
,! t]m p]son has ! mean+ giv5 ! t]m 9   
subsection 7a7 ( section #a ( ! ,clayton
 ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab74  7j7 ,/ate ,!
 t]m ,/ate means a ,/ate1 ! ,di/rict (  
,columbia1 ! ,commonweal? ( ,pu]to      
,rico1 & any o!r t]ritory or possession 
( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4  #d4 ,implem5tation  
7a7 ,cov]$ plat=m designation  7#a7 ,!  
,f$]al ,trade ,commission or ,dep>tm5t (
 ,ju/ice %all designate :e!r an entity  
is a cov]$ plat=m = ! purpose (         
implem5t+ & en=c+ ?is ,act4 ,su*        
designation %all-- 7,a7 be bas$ on a    
f9d+ t ! crit]ia set =? 9 section       
#c7;d77#b77;,a7-7,c7 are met2  7,b7 be  

issu$ 9 writ+ & publi%$ 9 ! ,f$]al      
,regi/]2 &  7,c7 apply = #aj ye>s f its 
issuance reg>dless ( :e!r !re is a *ange
 9 control or own]%ip ov] ! cov]$ plat=m
 unless ! ,commission or ! ,dep>tm5t (  
,ju/ice removes ! designation "u        
subsection 7b74  7b7 ,removal ( cov]$   
plat=m designation ,! ,commission or !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice %all-- 7#a7 consid] 
:e!r its designation ( a cov]$ plat=m "u
 subsection 7a7 %\ld be remov$ prior to 
! expiration ( ! #aj-ye> p]iod if !     
cov]$ plat=m op]ator files a reque/ ) ! 
,commission or ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1   
:i* %[s t ! onl9e plat=m no long] meets 
! crit]ia set =? 9 section              
#c7;d77#b77;,a7-7,c72  7#b7 det]m9e :e!r
 to grant a reque/ submitt$ "u p>agraph 
#a n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( ! 
fil+ ( su* reque/2 &  7#c7 obta9 !      
concurr5ce ( ! ,commission or !         
,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 z appropriate1 be=e
 grant+ a reque/ submitt$ "u p>agraph   
7#a74  #e4 ,en=cem5t  7a7 ,9 ,g5]al     
,except z o!rwise provid$ 9 ?is ,act--  

7#a7 ! ,commission %all en=ce ?is ,act 9
 ! same mann]1 by ! same means1 & ) !   
same jurisdiction1 p[]s1 & duties z ?\gh
 all applicable t]ms ( ! ,f$]al ,trade  
,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #da et  
seq47 7 incorporat$ into & made a "p (  
?is ,act2  7#b7 ! ,attorney ,g5]al %all 
en=ce ?is ,act 9 ! same mann]1 by ! same
 means1 & ) ! same jurisdiction1 p[]s & 
duties z ?\gh all applicable t]ms ( !   
,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et seq471 
,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #ab et     
seq471 & ,antitru/ ,civil ,process ,act 
7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #acaa et seq47 7         
incorporat$ into & made a "p ( ?is ,act2
 &  7#c7 any attorney g5]al ( a ,/ate   
%all en=ce ?is ,act 9 ! same mann]1 by !
 same means1 & ) ! same jurisdiction1   
p[]s & duties z ?\gh all applicable t]ms
 ( ! ,%]man ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #a et   
seq47 & ! ,clayton ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4  
#ab et seq47 7 incorporat$ into & made a
 "p ( ?is ,act4  7b7 ,unfair ,me?ods (  
,competition ,a violation ( ?is ,act    
%all also con/itute an unfair me?od (   

competition "u section #e ( ! ,f$]al    
,trade ,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4  
#de74  7c7 ,commission ,indep5d5t       
,litigation ,au?ority ,if ! ,commission 
has reason to believe t a p]son violat$ 
?is ,act1 ! ,commission may comm5ce a   
civil action1 9 its own "n by any ( its 
attorneys designat$ by x = su* purpose1 
to recov] a civil p5alty & seek o!r     
appropriate relief 9 a di/rict c\rt ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates4  7d7 ,p>5s ,patriae ,any 
attorney g5]al ( a ,/ate may br+ a civil
 action 9 ! "n ( su* ,/ate = a violation
 ( ?is ,act z p>5s patriae on behalf (  
natural p]sons resid+ 9 su* ,/ate1 9 any
 di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates hav+    
jurisdiction ( ! def5dant1 & may secure 
any =m ( relief provid$ = 9 ?is section4
  7e7 ,injunctive relief ,! ,assi/ant   
,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,antitru/          
,division1 ! ,commission1 or ! attorney 
g5]al ( any ,/ate may seek1 & ! c\rt may
 ord]1 relief 9 equity z necess>y to    
prev5t1 re/ra91 or prohibit violations (
 ?is ,act4  7f7 ,rem$ies ,rem$ies       

provid$ 9 ?is subsection are 9 addition 
to1 & n 9 lieu (1 any o!r rem$y         
available "u ,f$]al or ,/ate law4  #f4  
,en=cem5t guidel9es  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,n    
lat] ?an #a ye> aft] ! date ( enactm5t (
 ?is ,act1 ! ,commission & ! ,assi/ant  
,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,antitru/ ,division
 %all jo9tly issue guidel9es outl9+     
policies & practices1 relat+ to ag5cy   
en=cem5t ( ?is ,act1 ) ! goal ( promot+ 
transp>5cy & det]r+ violations4  7b7    
,updates ,! ,commission & ! ,assi/ant   
,attorney ,g5]al ( ! ,antitru/ ,division
 %all update ! jo9t guidel9es issu$ "u  
subsection 7a71 z ne$$ to reflect curr5t
 ag5cy policies & practices1 b n less   
frequ5tly ?an once e #d ye>s beg9n+ on !
 date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4  7c7       
,op]ation ,! ,jo9t ,guidel9es issu$ "u  
?is section d n conf] any rights ^u any 
p]son1 ,/ate1 or locality1 nor %all !y  
op]ate to b9d ! ,commission1 ,dep>tm5t (
 ,ju/ice1 or any p]son1 ,/ate1 or       
locality to ! approa* recomm5d$ 9 su*   
,guidel9es4  #g4 ,suits by p]sons injur$

  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,except z provid$ 9      
subsection 7b71 any p]son :o %all be    
injur$ 9 8 bus9ess or prop]ty by reason 
( any?+ =bidd5 9 ?is ,act may sue !re= 9
 any di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! 
di/rict 9 :i* ! def5dant resides or is  
f\nd or has an ag5t1 )\t respect to !   
am\nt 9 controv]sy1 & %all recov]       
?reefold ! damages by him su/a9$1 & !   
co/ ( suit1 includ+ a reasonable        
attorney's fee4 ,! c\rt may aw>d "u ?is 
section1 pursuant to a motion by su*    
p]son promptly made1 simple int]e/ on   
actual damages = ! p]iod beg9n+ on !    
date ( s]vice ( su* p]son's plead+ sett+
 =? a claim "u ?is ,act & end+ on ! date
 ( judgm5t1 or = any %ort] p]iod !re91  
if ! c\rt f9ds t ! aw>d ( su* int]e/ =  
su* p]iod is j 9 ! circum/ances4 ,9     
det]m9+ :e!r an aw>d ( int]e/ "u ?is    
section = any p]iod is j 9 !            
circum/ances1 ! c\rt %all consid] only--
 7#a7 :e!r su* p]son or ! oppos+ p>ty1  
or ei!r p>ty's repres5tative1 made      
motions or ass]t$ claims or def5ses s   

lack+ 9 m]it z to %[ t su* p>ty or      
repres5tative act$ int5tionally = delay1
 or o!rwise act$ 9 bad fai?2  7#b7 :e!r1
 9 ! c\rse ( ! action involv$1 su* p]son
 or ! oppos+ p>ty1 or ei!r p>ty's       
repres5tative1 violat$ any applicable   
rule1 /atute1 or c\rt ord] provid+ =    
sanctions = dilatory behavior or o!rwise
 provid+ = exp$iti\s proce$+s2 &  7#c7  
:e!r su* p]son or ! oppos+ p>ty1 or ei!r
 p>ty's repres5tative1 engag$ 9 conduct 
prim>ily = ! purpose ( delay+ !         
litigation or increas+ ! co/ !re(4  7b7 
,am\nt ( ,damages ,payable to ,=eign    
,/ates & ,in/rum5talities ( ,=eign      
,/ates  7#a7 ,except z provid$ 9        
p>agraph 7#b71 any p]son :o is a =eign  
/ate may n recov] "u subsection 7a7 an  
am\nt 9 excess ( ! actual damages su/a9$
 by x & ! co/ ( suit1 includ+ a         
reasonable attorney's fee4  7#b7        
,p>agraph 7#a7 %all n apply to a =eign  
/ate if-- 7,a7 su* =eign /ate w\ld be   
d5i$1 "u section #afje7;a77#b7 ( title  
#bh1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 immunity 9 a  

case 9 :i* ! action is bas$ ^u a        
comm]cial activity1 or an act1 t is !   
subject matt] ( its claim "u ?is        
section2  7,b7 su* =eign /ate waives all
 def5ses bas$ ^u or aris+ out ( its     
/atus z a =eign /ate1 to any claims     
br\ght aga9/ x 9 ! same action2  7,c7   
su* =eign /ate engages prim>ily 9       
comm]cial activities2 &  7,d7 su* =eign 
/ate does n function1 ) respect to !    
comm]cial activity1 or ! act1 t is !    
subject matt] ( its claim "u ?is section
 z a procurem5t entity = itself or =    
ano!r =eign /ate4  7c7 ,injunctive      
relief ,any p]son %all be entitl$ to sue
 = & h injunctive relief1 9 any c\rt ( !
 ,unit$ ,/ates hav+ jurisdiction ov] !  
p>ties1 aga9/ ?reat5$ loss or damage by 
a violation ( ?is ,act1 :5 & "u ! same  
conditions & pr9ciples z injunctive     
relief aga9/ ?reat5$ conduct t w cause  
loss or damage is grant$ by c\rts (     
equity1 "u ! rules gov]n+ su* proce$+s1 
& ^u ! execution ( prop] bond aga9/     
damages = an injunction improvid5tly    

grant$ & a %[+ t ! dang] ( irrep>able   
loss or damage is imm$iate1 a prelim9>y 
injunction may issue3 ,provid$1 ,t no?+ 
h]e9 conta9$ %all be con/ru$ to entitle 
any p]son1 except ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to   
br+ suit = injunctive relief aga9/ any  
common c>ri] subject to ! jurisdiction (
 ! ,surface ,transportation ,bo>d "u    
subtitle ,,iv ( title #di4 ,9 any action
 "u ?is section 9 :i* ! pla9tiff        
sub/antially prevails1 ! c\rt %all aw>d 
! co/ ( suit1 includ+ a reasonable      
attorney's fee1 to su* pla9tiff4  #h4   
,judicial review  7a7 ,9 g5]al ,any p>ty
 t is subject to a cov]$ plat=m         
designation "u section #d7;a7 ( ?is     
,act1 a decision 9 response to a reque/ 
to remove a cov]$ plat=m designation "u 
section #d7;b7 ( ?is ,act1 a f9al ord]  
issu$ 9 any di/rict c\rt "u ?is ,act1 or
 a f9al ord] ( ! ,commission issu$ 9 an 
adm9i/rative adjudicative proce$+ "u ?is
 ,act may )9 #cj days ( ! issuance ( su*
 designation1 decision1 or ord]1        
petition = review ( su* designation1    

decision1 or ord] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates     
,c\rt ( ,appeals = ! ,di/rict (         
,columbia ,circuit4  7b7 ,treatm5t (    
f9d+s ,9 a proce$+ = judicial review ( a
 cov]$ plat=m designation "u section    
#d7;a7 ( ?is ,act1 a decision 9 response
 to a reque/ to remove a cov]$ plat=m   
designation "u section #d7;b7 ( ?is     
,act1 or a f9al ord] ( ! ,commission    
issu$ 9 an adm9i/rative adjudicative    
proce$+ "u ?is ,act1 ! f9d+s ( !        
,commission or ! ,assi/ant ,attorney    
,g5]al z to ! facts1 if support$ by     
evid5ce1 %all be conclusive4  #i4 ,rules
 ( con/ruction ,no?+ 9 ?is ,act %all be 
con/ru$ to limit any au?ority ( !       
,attorney ,g5]al or ! ,commission "u !  
antitru/ laws1 ! ,f$]al ,trade          
,commission ,act 7#ae ,u4,s4,c4 #de71 or
 any o!r provision ( law or to limit !  
application ( any law4  #aj4            
,sev]ability ,if any provision ( ?is    
,act1 an am5dm5t made by ?is ,act1 or ! 
application ( su* provision or am5dm5t  
to any p]son or circum/ance is held to  

be uncon/itutional1 ! rema9d] ( ?is ,act
 & ( ! am5dm5ts made by ?is ,act1 & !   
application ( ! rema9+ provisions ( ?is 
,act & am5dm5ts to any p]son or         
circum/ance %all n be affect$4