,,ii #aag? ,,congress #a/ ,session ,s4 #bijg ,,9 ,,! ,,s5ate ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,septemb] #cj1 #bjba,ms4 ,w>r5 7= h]self1 ,ms4 ,baldw91 ,ms4 ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,padilla1 ,mr4 ,wyd51 ,ms4 ,klobu*>1 ,mr4 ,book]1 ,mr4 ,blum5?al1 ,mr4 ,m>key1 ,mr4 ,lujn1 ,mr4 ,m]kley1 ,mr4 ,he9ri*1 ,ms4 ,cortez ,ma/o1 & ,mr4 ,s*atz7 introduc$ ! foll[+ bill2 :i* 0 read twice & ref]r$ to ! ,committee on ,indian ,affairs ,a ,,bill ,to e/abli% ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & = o!r purposes4 #a4 ,%ort title ,?is ,act may be cit$ z ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies ,act4 #b4 ,f9d+s ,congress f9ds t-- 7#a7 assimilation processes1 su* z ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies1 7 adopt$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t to /rip ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 ( _! ,indig5\s id5tities1 beliefs1 & languages to assimilate !m into non-,native culture ?r\gh f$]ally fund$ & controll$ ,*ri/ian-run s*ools1 :i* _h ! int5t &1 9 _m cases1 ! effect1 ( t]m9ation1 ) dire & int5tional consequ5ces on ! cultures & languages ( ,indig5\s peoples2 7#b7 assimilation processes c be trac$ back to-- 7,a7 ! enactm5t ( ! ,act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahai 7#c ,/at4 #eaf1 *apt] #he7 7commonly kn[n z ! ,indian ,civilization ,fund ,act ( #ahai71 :i* creat$ a fund to adm9i/] ! education1 heal?c>e1 & rations promis$ to ,tribal nations "u treaties ^? ,tribal nations _h ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 ! ,grant ,adm9i/ration's peace policy ) ,tribal nations 9 #ahfh1 :i*1 among o!r ?+s1 au?oriz$ am\nts 9 ! fund e/abli%$ "u ! ,act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahai 7#c ,/at4 #eaf1 *apt] #he7 7commonly kn[n z ! ,indian ,civilization ,fund ,act ( #ahai71 to be us$ by *ur*es2 7#c7 accord+ to rese>* f ! ,national ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+ ,coalition1 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t fund$ *ur*-run bo>d+ s*ools = ,native ,am]icans f #ahai ?r\gh ! #aifjs "u ! ,act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahai 7#c ,/at4 #eaf1 *apt] #he71 :i* au?oriz$ ! =c$ removal ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 z "y z #c ye>s old1 relocat+ !m f _! traditional homel&s to #a ( at lea/ #cfg kn[n ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 ( :i* #gc rema9 op5 today1 across #cj ,/ates2 7#d7 beg9n+ 9 #ahbj1 mission>ies f ! ,unit$ ,/ates arriv$ 9 ,hawai#8i1 br++ a simil> desire to civilize ,native ,hawaiians & conv]t ,hawaiian hea!ns to ,*ri/ians1 e/abli%+ day s*ools & bo>d+ s*ools t foll[$ models fir/ impos$ on ,tribal nations on ! ,ea/ ,coa/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7#e7 z e/imat$ by ,david ,wallace ,adams1 pr(essor em]itus ( hi/ory & education at ,clevel& ,/ate ,univ]sity 9 ,ohio1 by #aibf1 ne>ly #hc p]c5t ( ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native s*ool-age *ildr5 7 enroll$ 9 ,indian bo>d+ s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b1 ! full ext5t ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies has yet to be fully exam9$ by-- 7,a7 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t or ! *ur*es :o ran ^? s*ools2 or 7,b7 o!r entities :o pr(it$ f ! exi/5ce ( ^? s*ools2 7#f7 ,g5]al ,ri*>d ,h5ry ,pratt1 ! f\nd] & sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,c>lisle ,indian ,indu/rial ,s*ool 9 ,c>lisle1 ,p5nsylvania1 /at$ t ! e?os ( ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 0 to kill ! ,indian 9 him1 & save ! man2 7#g7 9 #ahgh1 ,g5]al ,pratt br\ght a gr\p ( ,am]ican ,indian w>riors held z prison]s ( w> to :at 0 !n kn[n z ! ,hampton ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,s*ool 9 ,hampton1 ,virg9ia1 = a resid5tial exp]im5t 9 ! education ( ,indig5\s p2 7#h7 prior to arriv+ to ! ,hampton ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,s*ool 9 #ahgh1 ! ,am]ican ,indian w>riors held z prison]s ( w> _h already sp5t #c ye>s imprison$1 dur+ :i* "t !y 7 =c$ to %ave _! traditionally gr[n hair1 dress 9 milit>y uni=ms1 p>ticipate 9 ,*ri/ian wor%ip s]vices1 & adopt an ,engli% "n2 7#i7 ,g5]al ,samuel ,c4 ,arm/rong1 f\nd] &1 9 #ahgh1 pr9cipal1 ( ! ,hampton ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,s*ool1 0 influ5c$ by 8 p>5ts & o!r mission>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates involv$ 9 ! education ( ,native ,hawaiian *ildr52 7#aj7 ,g5]al ,arm/rong model$ ! ,hampton ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,s*ool aft] ! ,hilo ,bo>d+ ,s*ool 9 ,hawai#8i1 a mission>y-run bo>d+ s*ool t t>get$ high p]=m+ ,native ,hawaiians to become indoctr9at$ 9 ,prote/ant ideology1 :i* 0 simil> to bo>d+ s*ools l$ by mission>ies 9 ! simil>ly sov]eign ,five ,tribes ( ,oklahoma1 includ+ ! ,*]okee & ,*ickasaw2 7#aa7 9 addition to br++ a gr\p ( ,am]ican ,indian w>riors held z prison]s ( w> to ! ,hampton ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,s*ool 9 #ahgh1 ,g5]al ,pratt influ5c$ ,%eldon ,jackson1 a ,presbyt]ian mission>y :o1 9 #ahhe1 0 appo9t$ by ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior to be a ,g5]al ,ag5t ( ,education 9 ! ,alaska ,t]ritory2 7#ab7 ,hampton ,agricultural & ,indu/rial ,s*ool cont9u$ z a bo>d+ s*ool = ,am]ican ,indians1 ,alaska ,natives1 & ,native ,hawaiians until #aibc2 7#ac7 f\nd$ 9 #ahgi1 ! ,c>lisle ,indian ,indu/rial ,s*ool set ! prec$5t = gov]nm5t-fund$1 (f-res]vation ,indian bo>d+ s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e m ?an #aj1jjj ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 7 enroll$ f m ?an #adj ,indian ,tribes2 7#ad7 ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 & ! policies t creat$1 fund$1 & fuel$ _! exi/5ce1 7 design$ to assimilate ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 into non-,native culture by /ripp+ !m ( _! cultural id5tities1 (t5 ?r\gh physical1 sexual1 psy*ological1 indu/rial1 & spiritual abuse & neglect2 7#ae7 _m ( ! *ildr5 :o 7 tak5 to ,indian bo>d+ s*ools did n survive1 & ( ^? :o did survive1 _m nev] return$ to _! p>5ts1 ext5d$ families1 & communities2 7#af7 at ! ,c>lisle ,indian ,indu/rial ,s*ool alone1 approximately #ahj ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 7 buri$2 7#ag7 accord+ to rese>* f ! ,national ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+ ,coalition-- 7,a7 :ile att5d+ ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 suff]$ additional physical1 sexual1 psy*ological1 indu/rial1 & spiritual abuse & neglect z !y 7 s5t to non-,native homes & bus9esses = involunt>y & unpaid manual labor "w dur+ ! summ]s2 7,b7 _m ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 escap$ f ,indian bo>d+ s*ools by runn+ away1 & !n rema9$ miss+ or di$ ( illnesses due to h>% liv+ conditions1 abuse1 or sub/&>d heal? c>e provid$ by ! ,indian bo>d+ s*ools2 7,c7 _m ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 di$ at hospitals neighbor+ ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 includ+ ! ,puyallup ,indian ,s*ool t op5$ 9 #ahfj1 :i* 0 fir/ r5am$ ! ,cu%man ,indian ,s*ool 9 #aiaj & !n ! ,cu%man ,hospital 9 #aiah2 & 7,d7 _m ( ! ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 :o di$ :ile att5d+ ,indian bo>d+ s*ools or neighbor+ hospitals 7 buri$ 9 unm>k$ graves or (f-campus cemet]ies2 7#ah7 accord+ to indep5d5t gr\nd p5etrat+ rad> & magnetometry rese>* commission$ by ! ,national ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+ ,coalition1 evid5ce ( ^? unm>k$ graves & (f-campus cemet]ies has be5 f\nd1 includ+-- 7,a7 unm>k$ graves at ,*emawa ,indian ,s*ool 9 ,salem1 ,oregon2 & 7,b7 rema9s ( *ildr5 :o 7 burn$ 9 inc9]ators at ,indian bo>d+ s*ools2 7#ai7 accord+ to rese>* f ! ,national ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+ ,coalition1 inaccurate1 scatt]$1 & miss+ s*ool records make x difficult = families to locate _! lov$ ones1 especially because-- 7,a7 less ?an #ch p]c5t ( ,indian bo>d+ s*ool records h be5 locat$1 f only #adb ( ! at lea/ #cfg kn[n ,indian bo>d+ s*ools2 & 7,b7 all o!r records are believ$ to be held 9 catalogu$ & uncatalogu$ *ur* ar*ives1 private collections1 or lo/ or de/roy$2 7#bj7 p>5ts ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 :o 7 =cibly remov$ f or co]c$ into leav+ _! homes & plac$ 9 ,indian bo>d+ s*ools 7 prohibit$ f visit+ or engag+ 9 correspond5ce ) _! *ildr52 7#ba7 p>5tal resi/ance to compliance ) ! h>% no-contact policy describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#bj7 result$ 9 ! p>5ts be+ inc>c]at$ or los+ access to basic human rights1 food rations1 & clo?+2 7#bb7 9 #bjac1 po/-traumatic /ress disord] rates among ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native y\? 7 #c-times ! g5]al public1 ! same rates = po/-traumatic /ress disord] among vet]ans2 7#bc7 9 #bjad1 ! ,:ite ,h\se ,report on ,native ,y\? decl>$ a /ate ( em]g5cy due to a suicide epidemic among ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native y\?2 7#bd7 ! #bjah ,brok5 ,promises ,report publi%$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,commission on ,civil ,rights report$ t ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native communities cont9ue to exp]i5ce int]g5]ational trauma result+ f exp]i5ces 9 ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 :i* divid$ cultural family /ructures1 damag$ ,indig5\s id5tities1 & inflict$ *ronic psy*ological ramifications on ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 & families2 7#be7 ! ,c5t]s = ,disease ,control & ,prev5tion ,kais] ,p]man5te ,adv]se ,*ildhood ,exp]i5ces ,/udy %[s t adv]se or traumatic *ildhood exp]i5ces disrupt bra9 developm5t1 lead+ to a high] likelihood ( negative heal? outcomes z adults1 includ+ he>t disease1 obesity1 diabetes1 autoimmune diseases1 & e>ly dea?2 7#bf7 ,am]ican ,indians1 ,alaska ,natives1 & ,native ,hawaiians suff] f disproportional rates ( ea* ( ! diseases describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#be7 comp>$ to ! national av]age2 7#bg7 ! long/&+ int5d$ consequ5ces & ramifications ( ! treatm5t ( ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr51 families1 & communities because ( ,f$]al policies & ! fund+ ( ,indian bo>d+ s*ools cont9ue to impact ,native communities ?r\gh int]g5]ational trauma1 cycles ( viol5ce & abuse1 disappe>ance1 heal? disp>ities1 sub/ance abuse1 premature dea?s1 additional undocum5t$ physical1 sexual1 psy*ological1 indu/rial1 & spiritual abuse & neglect1 & trauma2 7#bh7 accord+ to ! ,*ild ,removal ,survey conduct$ by ! ,national ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+ ,coalition1 ! ,fir/ ,nations ,repatriation ,in/itute1 & ! ,univ]sity ( ,m9nesota1 #ge p]c5t ( ,indian bo>d+ s*ool survivors :o respond$ to ! survey _h attempt$ suicide1 & ne>ly half ( respond5ts to ! survey report$ be+ diagnos$ ) a m5tal heal? condition2 7#bi7 ! cont9u+ la/+ implications ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies & ! physical1 sexual1 psy*ological1 indu/rial1 & spiritual abuse & neglect ( ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 & families influ5c$ ! pres5t-day op]ation ( ,bureau ( ,indian ,education-op]at$ s*ools2 7#cj7 ,bureau ( ,indian ,education-op]at$ s*ools h (t5 fail$ to meet ! _m ne$s ( ne>ly #ej1jjj ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native /ud5ts across #bc ,/ates2 7#ca7 9 ,alaska1 :]e !re are no ,bureau ( ,indian ,education-fund$ elem5t>y & second>y s*ools1 ! ,/ate public education sy/em (t5 fails to meet ! ne$s ( ,alaska ,native /ud5ts1 families1 & communities2 7#cb7 ! assimilation policies impos$ on ,am]ican ,indians1 ,alaska ,natives1 & ,native ,hawaiians dur+ ! ,indian bo>d+ s*ool era h be5 replicat$ ?r\gh o!r ,f$]al actions & programs1 includ+ ! ,indian ,adoption ,project 9 effect f #aieh to #aifg1 :i* plac$ ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 9 non-,indian h\seholds & in/itutions = fo/] c>e or adoption2 7#cc7 ! ,association on ,am]ican ,indian ,affairs report$ t ! cont9uation ( assimilation policies ?r\gh ,f$]al ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native adoption & fo/] c>e programs betwe5 #aida to #aifg sep>at$ z _m z "o-?ird ( ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 f _! families 9 ,tribal communities2 7#cd7 9 "s ,/ates1 great] ?an #ej p]c5t ( fo/] c>e *ildr5 9 ,/ate adoption sy/ems are ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 or ,native ,hawaiian *ildr51 includ+ 9 ,alaska1 :]e ov] #fj p]c5t ( *ildr5 9 fo/] c>e are ,alaska ,native2 7#ce7 ! g5]al lack ( public aw>5ess1 acc\ntability1 education1 in=mation1 & ackn[l$gm5t ( ! ongo+ & direct impacts ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies & relat$ int]g5]ational trauma p]si/s1 signal+ ! ov]due ne$ = an inve/igative ,f$]al commission to fur!r docum5t & expose assimilation & t]m9ation ef=ts to eradicate ! cultures & languages ( ,indig5\s peoples implem5t$ "u ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7#cf7 9 ! secret>ial memor&um entitl$ ,f$]al ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,initiative & dat$ ,june #bb1 #bjba1 ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior ,debra ,haal& /at$ ! foll[+3 ,! assimilationi/ policies ( ! pa/ are contr>y to ! doctr9e ( tru/ responsibility1 "u :i* ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t mu/ promote ,tribal self-gov]nance & cultural integrity4 ,nev]!less1 ! legacy ( ,indian bo>d+ s*ools rema9s1 manife/+ itself 9 ,indig5\s communities ?r\gh int]g5]ational trauma1 cycles ( viol5ce & abuse1 disappe>ance1 premature dea?s1 & o!r undocum5t$ bodily & m5tal impacts44 #c4 ,purposes ,! purposes ( ?is ,act are to e/abli% a ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates-- 7#a7 to =mally inve/igate & docum5t-- 7,a7 ! attempt$ t]m9ation ( cultures & languages ( ,indig5\s peoples1 assimilation practices1 & human rights violations t occurr$ aga9/ ,am]ican ,indians1 ,alaska ,natives1 & ,native ,hawaiians ?r\gh ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 9 fur!rance ( ! motto to kill ! ,indian 9 him & save ! man2 & 7,b7 ! impacts & ongo+ effects ( hi/orical & int]g5]ational trauma 9 ,native communities1 includ+ ! effects ( ! attempt$ cultural1 religi\s1 & l+ui/ic t]m9ation ( ,am]ican ,indians1 ,alaska ,natives1 & ,native ,hawaiians1 result+ f ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 7#b7 to hold culturally respectful & mean+ful public he>+s = ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian survivors1 victims1 families1 communities1 organizations1 & ,tribal lead]s to te/ify1 discuss1 & add to ! docum5tation (1 ! impacts ( ! physical1 psy*ological1 & spiritual viol5ce ( ,indian bo>d+ s*ools2 7#c7 to collaborate & ex*ange in=mation ) ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ) respect to ! review ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies ann\nc$ by ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior ,debra ,haal& 9 ! secret>ial memor&um entitl$ ,f$]al ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,initiative & dat$ ,june #bb1 #bjba2 & 7#d7 to fur!r develop recomm5dations = ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t to ackn[l$ge & heal ! hi/orical & int]g5]ational trauma caus$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies & o!r cultural & l+ui/ic t]m9ation practices c>ri$ out by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t & ,/ate & local gov]nm5ts1 includ+ recomm5dations-- 7,a7 = res\rces & assi/ance t ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t %\ld provide to aid 9 ! heal+ ( ! trauma caus$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 7,b7 to e/abli% a nationwide hotl9e = survivors1 family memb]s1 or o!r community memb]s affect$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7,c7 to prev5t ! cont9u$ removal ( ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 f _! families & ,native communities "u mod]n-day assimilation practices c>ri$ out by ,/ate social s]vice dep>tm5ts1 fo/] c>e ag5cies1 & adoption s]vices4 #d4 ,def9itions ,9 ?is ,act3 7#a7 ,advisory committee ,! t]m ,advisory ,committee means ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,advisory ,committee e/abli%$ by ! ,commission "u section #e7;g74 7#b7 ,commission ,! t]m ,commission means ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates e/abli%$ by section #e7;a74 7#c7 ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies ,! t]m ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies means-- 7,a7 ! assimilation policies & practices ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 :i* began ) ! enactm5t ( ! ,act ( ,m>* #c1 #ahai 7#c ,/at4 #eaf1 *apt] #he7 7commonly kn[n z ! ,indian ,civilization ,fund ,act ( #ahai71 & ! peace policy ) ,tribal nations advanc$ by ,presid5t ,ulysses ,grant 9 #ahfh1 "u :i* m ?an #ajj1jjj ,am]ican ,indian & ,alaska ,native *ildr5 7 =cibly remov$ f or co]c$ into leav+ _! family homes & plac$ 9 ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs-op]at$ s*ools or *ur*-run s*ools1 includ+ at lea/ #cfg kn[n ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 at :i* assimilation & civilization practices 7 inflict$ on ^? *ildr5 z "p ( ! assimilation ef=ts ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 :i* 7 int5d$ to t]m9ate ! cultures & languages ( ,indig5\s peoples 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 ! assimilation practices inflict$ on ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 9 bo>d+ s*ools foll[+ ! arrival ( ,*ri/ian mission>ies f ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ,hawai#8i 9 #ahbj :o s\ght to ext+ui% ,hawaiian culture4 #e4 ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,!re is e/abli%$ ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,commission on ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7b7 ,memb]%ip 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,commission %all include #aj memb]s1 ( :om-- 7,a7 #b %all be appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t2 7,b7 #b %all be appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate1 on ! recomm5dation ( ! majority lead] ( ! ,s5ate2 7,c7 #b %all be appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t pro tempore ( ! ,s5ate1 on ! recomm5dation ( ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,s5ate2 & 7,d7 #d %all be appo9t$ by ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 ( :om n few] ?an #b %all be appo9t$ on ! recomm5dation ( ! m9ority lead] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 7#b7 ,requirem5ts = memb]%ip ,to ! maximum ext5t practicable1 ! ,presid5t & ! ,memb]s ( ,congress %all appo9t memb]s ( ! ,commission "u p>agraph 7#a7 to repres5t div]se exp]i5ces & backgr\nds & s z to include ,tribal & ,native repres5tatives & exp]ts :o w provide balanc$ po9ts ( view ) reg>d to ! duties ( ! ,commission1 includ+ ,tribal & ,native repres5tatives & exp]ts-- 7,a7 f div]se geographic areas2 7,b7 :o possess p]sonal exp]i5ce )1 div]se policy exp]i5ce )1 or specific exp]tise 91 ,indian bo>d+ s*ool hi/ory & ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7,c7 :o possess exp]tise 9 tru? & heal+ endeavors t are traditionally & culturally appropriate4 7#c7 ,presid5tial appo9tm5t ,! ,presid5t %all make appo9tm5ts to ! ,commission "u ?is subsection 9 coord9ation ) ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior & ! ,director ( ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,education4 7#d7 ,date ,! appo9tm5ts ( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission %all be made n lat] ?an #abj days aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act4 7#e7 ,p]iod ( appo9tm5t2 vacancies2 removal 7,a7 ,p]iod ( appo9tm5t ,a memb] ( ! ,commission %all be appo9t$ = a t]m ( #e ye>s4 7,b7 ,vacancies ,a vacancy 9 ! ,commission-- 7i7 %all n affect ! p[]s ( ! ,commission2 & 7ii7 %all be fill$ 9 ! same mann] z ! orig9al appo9tm5t4 7,c7 ,removal ,a quorum ( memb]s may remove a memb] appo9t$ by t ,presid5t or ,memb] ( ,congress1 respectively1 only = neglect ( duty or malfeasance 9 (fice4 7c7 ,meet+s 7#a7 ,initial meet+ ,z soon z practicable aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,commission %all hold ! initial meet+ ( ! ,commission & beg9 op]ations4 7#b7 ,subsequ5t meet+s ,aft] ! initial meet+ ( ! ,commission is held "u p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,commission %all meet at ! call ( ! ,*airp]son4 7#c7 ,=mat ( meet+s ,a meet+ ( ! ,commission may be conduct$ 9-p]son1 virtually1 or via phone4 7d7 ,quorum ,a majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission %all con/itute a quorum1 b a less] numb] ( memb]s may hold he>+s4 7e7 ,*airp]son & ,vice ,*airp]son ,! ,commission %all select a ,*airp]son & ,vice ,*airp]son f among ! memb]s ( ! ,commission4 7f7 ,commission p]sonnel matt]s 7#a7 ,comp5sation ( memb]s ,a memb] ( ! ,commission :o is n an (fic] or employee ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t %all be comp5sat$ at a rate equal to ! daily equival5t ( ! annual rate ( basic pay prescrib$ = level ,,iv ( ! ,executive ,s*$ule "u section #ecae ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 = ea* day 7includ+ travel "t7 dur+ :i* ! memb] is engag$ 9 ! p]=mance ( ! duties ( ! ,commission4 7#b7 ,travel exp5ses ,a memb] ( ! ,commission %all be all[$ travel exp5ses1 includ+ p] diem 9 lieu ( subsi/5ce1 at rates au?oriz$ = employees ( ag5cies "u sub*apt] ,i ( *apt] #eg ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 :ile away f _! homes or regul> places ( bus9ess 9 ! p]=mance ( s]vices = ! ,commission4 7g7 ,tru? & ,heal+ ,advisory ,committee 7#a7 ,e/abli%m5t ,! ,commission %all e/abli% an advisory committee1 to be kn[n z ! ,tru? & ,heal+ ,advisory ,committee4 7#b7 ,memb]%ip ,! ,advisory ,committee %all consi/ (-- 7,a7 #a repres5tative f ea* (-- 7i7 ! ,national ,native ,am]ican ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,heal+ ,coalition2 7ii7 ! ,national ,congress ( ,am]ican ,indians2 7iii7 ! ,national ,indian ,education ,association2 7iv7 ! ,national ,indian ,*ild ,welf>e ,association2 7v7 ! ,alaska ,f$]ation ( ,natives2 & 7vi7 ! ,(fice ( ,hawaiian ,affairs2 7,b7 ! ,director ( ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,education2 7,c7 ! ,director ( ! ,(fice ( ,indian ,education ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education2 7,d7 ! ,commission] ( ! ,adm9i/ration = ,native ,am]icans ( ! ,(fice ( ! ,adm9i/ration = ,*ildr5 & ,families ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices2 & 7,e7 n few] ?an-- 7i7 #e memb]s ( diff]5t ,indian ,tribes f div]se geographic areas1 to be select$ f among nom9ations submitt$ by ,indian ,tribes2 7ii7 #a memb] repres5t+ ,alaska ,natives1 to be select$ by ! ,alaska ,f$]ation ( ,natives f nom9ations submitt$ by an ,alaska ,native individual1 organization1 or village2 7iii7 #a memb] repres5t+ ,native ,hawaiians1 to be select$ by a process adm9i/]$ by ! ,(fice ( ,hawaiian ,affairs2 7iv7 #b heal? c>e or m5tal heal? practition]s1 ,native heal]s1 c\nselors1 or provid]s ) exp]i5ce 9 work+ ) =m] /ud5ts1 or desc5dants ( =m] /ud5ts1 ( ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 to be select$ f among nom9ations ( ,tribal *airs or elect$ ,tribal lead]%ip local to ! region 9 :i* ! practition]1 c\nselor1 or provid] works1 9 ord] to ensure t ! ,commission consid]s culturally responsive supports = victims1 families1 & communities2 7v7 #c memb]s ( diff]5t national ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 or ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 regional ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 or ,native ,hawaiian organizations1 or urban ,indian organizations t are focus$ on1 or h relevant exp]tise /udy+1 ! hi/ory & sy/emic & ongo+ trauma associat$ ) ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 7vi7 #b family memb]s ( /ud5ts :o att5d$ ,indian bo>d+ s*ools1 :o %all repres5t div]se regions ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 7vii7 #d alumni :o att5d$ a ,bureau ( ,indian ,education-op]at$ s*ool1 tribally controll$ bo>d+ s*ool1 ,/ate public bo>d+ s*ool1 private nonpr(it bo>d+ s*ool =m]ly op]at$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 p>o*ial bo>d+ s*ool1 or ,bureau ( ,indian ,education-op]at$ college or univ]sity2 7viii7 #b curr5t tea*]s :o tea* at an ,indian bo>d+ s*ool2 7ix7 #b /ud5ts :o1 z ( ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 att5d an ,indian bo>d+ s*ool2 7x7 #a repres5tative ( ! ,int]national ,indian ,treaty ,c\ncil or ! ,association on ,am]ican ,indian ,affairs2 & 7xi7 #a tra9$ ar*ivi/ :o has exp]i5ce work+ ) educational or *ur* records4 7#c7 ,duties ,! ,advisory ,committee %all-- 7,a7 s]ve z an advisory body to ! ,commission2 & 7,b7 provide to ! ,commission advice & recomm5dations1 & submit to ! ,commission mat]ials1 docum5ts1 te/imony1 & su* o!r in=mation z ! ,commission det]m9es to be necess>y1 to c>ry out ! duties ( ! ,commission "u subsection 7h74 7#d7 ,survivors subcommittee ,! ,advisory ,committee %all e/abli% a subcommittee t %all consi/ ( n few] ?an #d =m] /ud5ts or survivors :o att5d$ an ,indian bo>d+ s*ool4 7h7 ,duties ( ! ,commission 7#a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,commission %all develop recomm5dations on actions t ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t c take to adequately hold itself acc\ntable =1 & r$ress & heal1 ! hi/orical & int]g5]ational trauma inflict$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies1 includ+ develop+ recomm5dations on ways-- 7,a7 to protect unm>k$ graves & accompany+ l& protections2 7,b7 to support repatriation & id5tify ! ,tribal nations f :i* *ildr5 7 tak52 & 7,c7 to /op ! cont9u$ removal ( ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 f _! families & res]vations "u mod]n-day assimilation practices4 7#b7 ,matt]s inve/igat$ ,! matt]s inve/igat$ by ! ,commission "u p>agraph 7#a7 %all include-- 7,a7 ! implem5tation ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies & practices at-- 7i7 ! s*ools op]at$ by ! ,bureau ( ,indian ,affairs2 & 7ii7 *ur*-run ,indian bo>d+ s*ools2 7,b7 h[ ! assimilation practices ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t advanc$ ! attempt$ cultural1 religi\s1 & l+ui/ic t]m9ation ( ,am]ican ,indians1 ,alaska ,natives1 & ,native ,hawaiians2 7,c7 ! impacts & ongo+ effects ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 7,d7 ! location ( ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian *ildr5 :o are /ill1 z ( ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 buri$ at ,indian bo>d+ s*ools & (f-campus cemet]ies1 includ+ notify+ ! ,tribal nation f :i* ! *ildr5 7 tak52 & 7,e7 *ur* & gov]nm5t records1 includ+ records relat+ to att5dance1 infirm>y1 dea?s1 l&1 ,tribal affiliation1 & o!r correspond5ce4 7#c7 ,additional duties ,9 c>ry+ out p>agraph 7#a71 ! ,commission %all-- 7,a7 "w to locate & id5tify unm>k$ graves at ,indian bo>d+ s*ool sites or (f-campus cemet]ies2 7,b7 locate1 docum5t1 analyze1 & pres]ve records f s*ools describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 includ+ any records held at ,/ate & local levels2 & 7,c7 provide to1 & receive f1 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior any in=mation t ! ,commission det]m9es to be relevant-- 7i7 to ! "w ( ! ,commission2 or 7ii7 to any inve/igation ( ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies be+ conduct$ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 7#d7 ,te/imony ,! ,commission %all take te/imony f-- 7,a7 survivors ( s*ools describ$ 9 p>agraph 7#b77;,a71 9 ord] to id5tify h[ ! exp]i5ce ( ^? survivors impacts _! lives1 s t _! /ories w be rememb]$ z "p ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & 7,b7 ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian individuals1 tribes1 & organizations directly impact$ by assimilation practices support$ by ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t1 includ+ assimilation practices promot$ by-- 7i7 religi\s gr\ps receiv+ fund+1 or work+ closely )1 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2 7ii7 local1 ,/ate1 & t]ritorial s*ool sy/ems2 7iii7 any o!r local1 ,/ate1 or t]ritorial gov]nm5t body or ag5cy2 & 7iv7 any o!r private entities2 & 7,c7 ^? :o h access to1 or k (1 hi/orical ev5ts1 docum5ts1 & items relat+ to ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies & ! impacts ( ^? policies1 includ+-- 7i7 *ur*es2 7ii7 ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t2 7iii7 ,/ate & local gov]nm5ts2 7iv7 individuals2 & 7v7 organizations4 7#e7 ,reports 7,a7 ,initial ,report ,n lat] ?an #c ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,commission %all make publicly available & submit to ! ,presid5t1 ! ,:ite ,h\se ,c\ncil on ,native ,am]ican ,affairs1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 ! ,secret>y ( ,education1 ! ,secret>y ( ,heal? & ,human ,s]vices1 ! ,committee on ,indian ,affairs ( ! ,s5ate1 ! ,committee on ,natural ,res\rces ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! ,memb]s ( ,congress mak+ appo9tm5ts "u subsection 7b77#a71 an initial report conta9+-- 7i7 a detail$ /atem5t ( ! f9d+s & conclusions ( ! ,commission2 7ii7 ! recomm5dations ( ! ,commission = su* legislation & adm9i/rative actions z ! ,commission consid]s appropriate2 7iii7 ! recomm5dations ( ! ,commission to provide or increase ,f$]al fund+ to adequately fund-- 7,i7 ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian programs = m5tal heal? & traditional heal+ programs2 7,,ii7 a nationwide hotl9e = survivors1 family memb]s1 or o!r community memb]s affect$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7,,iii7 ! developm5t ( mat]ials to be (f]$ = possible use 9 ,k-#ab ,native ,am]ican & ,unit$ ,/ates hi/ory curricula to address ! hi/ory ( ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7iv7 o!r recomm5dations ( ! ,commission to id5tify-- 7,i7 possible ways to address hi/orical & int]g5]ational trauma inflict$ on ,am]ican ,indian1 ,alaska ,native1 & ,native ,hawaiian communities by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7,,ii7 ongo+ & h>mful practices & policies relat+ to or result+ f ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies t cont9ue 9 public education sy/ems4 7,b7 ,f9al report ,n lat] ?an #e ye>s aft] ! date ( enactm5t ( ?is ,act1 ! ,commission %all make available & submit a f9al report 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts "u subp>agraph 7,a7 t h be5 agre$ on by ! vote ( a majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission4 7i7 ,p[]s ( ,commission 7#a7 ,he>+s & evid5ce ,! ,commission may1 = ! purpose ( c>ry+ out ?is section-- 7,a7 hold su* he>+s & sit & act at su* times & places1 take su* te/imony1 receive su* evid5ce1 & adm9i/] su* oa?s1 virtually or 9-p]son1 z ! ,commission may det]m9e advisable2 & 7,b7 subject to subp>agraphs 7,a7 & 7,b7 ( p>agraph 7#b71 require1 by subpo5a or o!rwise1 ! att5dance & te/imony ( su* witnesses & ! production ( su* books1 records1 correspond5ce1 memor&a1 pap]s1 videos1 oral hi/ories1 record+s1 docum5ts1 or any o!r pap] or electronic mat]ial1 virtually or 9-p]son1 z ! ,commission may det]m9e advisable4 7#b7 ,subpo5as 7,a7 ,9 g5]al 7i7 ,issuance ( subpo5as ,subject to subp>agraph 7,b71 ! ,commission may issue subpo5as requir+ ! att5dance & te/imony ( witnesses & ! production ( any evid5ce relat+ to any matt] t ! ,commission is emp[]$ to inve/igate "u ?is section4 7ii7 ,vote ,subpo5as %all be issu$ "u clause 7i7 by agreem5t betwe5 ! ,*airp]son & ,vice ,*airp]son ( ! ,commission1 or by ! vote ( a majority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,commission4 7iii7 ,att5dance ( witnesses & production ( evid5ce ,! att5dance ( witnesses & ! production ( evid5ce may be requir$ f any place )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at any designat$ place ( he>+ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 7,b7 ,protection ( p]son subject to a subpo5a 7i7 ,9 g5]al ,:5 issu+ a subpo5a "u subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,commission %all-- 7,i7 consid] ! cultural1 emotional1 & psy*ological well-be+ ( survivors1 family memb]s1 & community memb]s affect$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies2 & 7,,ii7 take reasonable /eps to avoid impos+ undue burd51 includ+ cultural1 emotional1 & psy*ological trauma1 on a survivor1 family memb]1 or community memb] affect$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies4 7ii7 ,qua%+ or modify+ a subpo5a ,on a timely motion1 ! di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! judicial di/rict 9 :i* compliance ) ! subpo5a is requir$ %all qua% or modify a subpo5a t subjects a p]son to undue burd5 z describ$ 9 clause 7i77,,ii74 7,c7 ,failure to obey a subpo5a 7i7 ,ord] f a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,if a p]son does n obey a subpo5a issu$ "u subp>agraph 7,a71 ! ,commission is au?oriz$ to apply to a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = an ord] requir+ t p]son to appe> be=e ! ,commission to give te/imony1 produce evid5ce1 or bo?1 relat+ to ! matt] "u inve/igation4 7ii7 ,location ,an application "u clause 7i7 may be made )9 ! judicial di/rict :]e ! he>+ relat+ to ! subpo5a is conduct$ or :]e ! p]son describ$ 9 t clause is f\nd1 resides1 or transacts bus9ess4 7iii7 ,p5alty ,any failure to obey an ord] ( a c\rt describ$ 9 clause 7i7 may be puni%$ by ! c\rt z a civil contempt4 7,d7 ,subject matt] jurisdiction ,! di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* an action is br\ght "u subp>agraph 7,c77i7 %all h orig9al jurisdiction ov] any civil action br\ght by ! ,commission to en=ce1 secure a decl>atory judgm5t conc]n+ ! validity (1 or prev5t a ?reat5$ refusal or failure to comply )1 ! applicable subpo5a issu$ by ! ,commission4 7,e7 ,s]vice ( subpo5as ,! subpo5as ( ! ,commission %all be s]v$ 9 ! mann] provid$ = subpo5as issu$ by a di/rict c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u ! ,f$]al ,rules ( ,civil ,proc$ure4 7,f7 ,s]vice ( process ,all process ( any c\rt to :i* an application is made "u subp>agraph 7,c7 may be s]v$ 9 ! judicial di/rict 9 :i* ! p]son requir$ to be s]v$ resides or may be f\nd4 7#c7 ,additional p]sonnel & s]vices 7,a7 ,9 g5]al ,! ,*airp]son ( ! ,commission may procure additional p]sonnel & s]vices to ensure t ! "w ( ! ,commission avoids impos+ an undue burd51 includ+ cultural1 emotional1 & psy*ological trauma1 on survivors1 family memb]s1 or o!r community memb]s affect$ by ! ,indian ,bo>d+ ,s*ool ,policies4 7,b7 ,comp5sation ,! ,*airp]son ( ! ,commission may fix ! comp5sation ( p]sonnel procur$ "u subp>agraph 7,a7 )\t reg>d to *apt] #ea & sub*apt] ,,iii ( *apt] #ec ( title #e1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,code1 relat+ to classification ( positions & ,g5]al ,s*$ule pay rates1 except t ! rate ( pay = su* p]sonnel may n exce$ ! rate payable = level ,v ( ! ,executive ,s*$ule "u section #ecaf ( t title4 7#d7 ,po/al s]vices ,! ,commission may use ! ,unit$ ,/ates mails 9 ! same mann] & "u ! same conditions z o!r ag5cies ( ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t4 7#e7 ,gifts ,! ,commission may accept1 use1 & dispose ( gifts or donations ( s]vices or prop]ty relat+ to ! purpose ( ! ,commission 7j7 ,application ,! ,commission %all be subject to ! ,f$]al ,advisory ,committee ,act 7#e ,u4,s4,c4 ,app474 7k7 ,consultation ) ,indian ,tribes ,9 c>ry+ out ! duties ( ! ,commission "u subsection 7h71 ! ,commission %all consult ) ,indian ,tribes4 7l7 ,collaboration by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior %all collaborate & ex*ange relevant in=mation ) ! ,commission 9 ord] = ! ,commission to effectively c>ry out ! duties ( ! ,commission "u subsection 7h74 7m7 ,t]m9ation ( ,commission ,! ,commission %all t]m9ate #ij days aft] ! date on :i* ! ,commission submits ! f9al report requir$ "u subsection 7h77#e77;,b74 7n7 ,au?orization ( appropriations ,!re are au?oriz$ to be appropriat$ to ! ,commission to c>ry out ?is section su* sums z may be necess>y1 to rema9 available until exp5d$4